freeciv - en to gd translation catalogue (1429 entries)

en: Abkhaz
gd: Muinntir na h-Abchas

en: ?plural:Abkhazians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Abchas

en: Ancestors of Abkhazians have lived in the western Caucasus since time immemorial. Short periods of independence alternated with domination by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Turks, Russians and Georgians. Nowadays Abkhazia is a partially recognized republic.
gd: Tha sinnsirean nan Abchasach air a bhith a' fuireach air taobh an iar nam Beanntan Cabhcasach o chian nan cian. Eadar greisean de neo-eisimeileachd, bha smachd aig na Greigich, na Ròmanaich, na Biosantaich, na Turcaich, na Ruiseanaich agus na Cairtbheilich air an dùthaich. Tha an Abchas 'na phoblachd leth-aithnichte an-diugh.

en: Imam %s
gd: Iomam %s

en: Imama %s
gd: Iomam %s

en: Australian Aboriginal
gd: Muinntir Tùsanach Astràilia

en: ?plural:Aborigines
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Tùsanach Astràilia

en: Australian Aborigines is a collective term for the original inhabitants of the Australian continent. Aborigines from different parts of Australia refer to themselves with different names, including Koori, Yamaji, Nunga, and Murri.
gd: 'S e ainm trusaidh a tha ann an Tùsanach Astràilia airson sluagh tùsail mòrthir Astràilia. Tha ainmean eadar-dhealaichte aig Tùsanaich o dhiofar sgìrean na dùthcha orra fhèin mar Koori, Yamaji, Nunga agus Murri.

en: Principal Chief %s
gd: Prìomh Cheannard %s

en: ?female:Principal Chief %s
gd: ?female:Prìomh Cheannard %s

en: Elder %s
gd: Èildear %s

en: ?female:Elder %s
gd: ?female:Ban-èildear %s

en: Great Chief %s
gd: Ceannard Mòr %s

en: ?female:Great Chief %s
gd: ?female:Ceannard Mòr %s

en: Abyssinian
gd: muinntir Abyssinia

en: ?plural:Abyssinians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Abyssinia

en: Abyssinians - also known as Habesha or Ethiopians - are a Semitic people who ruled historical states in the Horn of Africa, the most prominent being the Aksumite Kingdom and the Ethiopian Empire.
gd: 'S e muinntir Semitigeach air a bheil Habesha no Itiopaich cuideachd a tha ann am muinntir Abyssinia. Bha rìoghachdan aca gu eachdraidheil air Còrn Afraga agus 's e Rìoghachd Aksum agus Impireachd nan Itiopach an dà thè a b' ainmeile dhiubh.

en: Patriarch %s
gd: Prìomh Athair %s

en: Matriarch %s
gd: Prìomh Mhàthair %s

en: Emperor %s
gd: Impire %s

en: Empress %s
gd: Ban-Impire %s

en: Acadian
gd: Muinntir Acadia

en: ?plural:Acadians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Acadia

en: Acadia was first founded in 1604 as the first French colony in North America. It was soon caught in the crossfire of French-English wars, leading Acadia to change hands frequently. This led Acadians to develop a separate identity and a form of self-government. Their lack of support for any side in these wars earned them the title of French neutrals, but also the distrust of British colonial authorities who would forcefully deport them in 1755. Acadians have since returned to their land and rebuilt.
gd: Chaidh Acadia a chur air bhonn ann an 1604 mar a' chiad tuineachas Frangach ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath. Dh'èirich na cogaidhean eadar na Frangaich 's na Sasannaich mun cuairt air agus bha smachd na dùthcha a' dol air ais is air adhart. Bhrosnaich sin muinntir Acadia a dh'ionnsaigh dearbh-aithne aca fhèin agus fèin-riaghaltas. A chionn 's nach do chuir iad taic ri taobh seach taobh, choisinn iad ainm nam Frangach Neodarra ach cuideachd mì-earbsa ùghdarrasan tuineach nam Breatannach a dh'fhuadaich iad ann an 1755. Thill muinntir Acadia às a dhèidh sin dha an dùthaich gus a thogail a-rithist.

en: Premier %s
gd: Premier ministre %s

en: Abbot %s
gd: Aba %s

en: Mother Superior %s
gd: Àrd Mhàthair %s

en: Acehnese
gd: Muinntir Aceh

en: ?plural:Acehnese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aceh

en: The Sultanate of Aceh located on the western tip of the island of Sumatra was a regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, controlling much of the trade through the Strait of Malacca. Aceh was subjugated by the Dutch in the bloody Aceh War of 1873-1903.
gd: Tha Sultanachd Aceh air ceann thall taobh an iar eilean Sumatra agus bha e 'na chumhachd ionadail san 16mh agus san 17mh linn. Bha smachd air air cuid mhath dhen mhalairt a' bha a' dol tro Chaolas Malacca. Chaidh Aceh a cheannsachadh leis na Duitsich ann an cogadh fuilteach Aceh 1873-1903.

en: Sultana %s
gd: Sultan %s

en: Governor %s
gd: Riaghlaiche %s

en: ?female:Governor %s
gd: ?female:Riaghlaiche %s

en: Acrean
gd: muinntir Acre

en: ?plural:Acreans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Acre

en: Acre is the westernmost state of Brazil. The region was part of Bolivia until 1899, when Brazilian settlers revolted and declared an Independent State of Acre. Bolivia gave up its claims to the territory in the Treaty of Petropolis of 1903, after which Acre was annexed to Brazil. Acre is one of the world's most important rubber producing regions.
gd: 'S e Acre an stàit as fhaide siar sa Bhraisil. Bha an sgìre fo smachd Bhoilibhia gu ruige 1899 nuair a dh'èirich na tuinichean Braisileach ann an aramach agus ghairm iad Stàit Neo-eisimeileach Acre. Ghèill Boilibhia a cuid tagraidh air an sgìre ann an Cùmhnant Petropolis ann an 1903 agus bha Acre 'na phàirt dhen Bhraisil o sin a-mach. 'S e aon dhe na sgìrean as cudromaiche san t-saoghal a chruthaicheas rubair a tha ann an-diugh.

en: Baron %s
gd: Baran %s

en: Baroness %s
gd: Bana-bharan %s

en: Afghani
gd: Muinntir Afghanstàn

en: ?plural:Afghanis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Afghanstàn

en: Afghanistan, often called the crossroads of Central Asia, has had a very turbulent history. Through the ages, the country has been occupied by many forces including the Persian Empire, Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great. The Afghanistan nation-state as it is known today came into existence in 1746 when Ahmad Shah founded the Durrani Empire.
gd: 'S e crois-rathad Meadhan Àisea a chanar ri Afghanstàn gu math tric agus tha eachdraidh luaisgeach air a bhith aice. Chaidh an dùthaich a cheannsachadh le iomadh feachd tro na linntean, a' gabhail a-steach Impireachd nam Peirseanach, Chinggis Khaan agus Alexander Mòr. Chaidh stàit-nàisean Afghanstàn mar a tha sinne eòlach oirre an-diugh a stèidheachadh ann an 1746 nuair a chuir Ahmad Shāh air bhonn Impireachd Durrani.

en: Emir %s
gd: Èimir %s

en: Emira %s
gd: Èimir %s

en: General Secretary %s
gd: Àrd Rùnaire %s

en: ?female:General Secretary %s
gd: ?female:Àrd Rùnaire %s

en: Mullah %s
gd: Mulla %s

en: ?female:Mullah %s
gd: ?female:Mulla %s

en: African
gd: muinntir Afraga

en: Africa: the cradle of humanity. It is the world's second largest continent and also its second most populous.
gd: Afraga: creadhall mac an duine. An dàrna mòr-thìr as motha san t-saoghal agus cuideachd an dàrna mòr-thir as sluaghmhoire.

en: Ainu
gd: Muinntir nan Ainu

en: ?plural:Ainu
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Ainu

en: The Ainu are the indigenous people of northern Japan, the Kuril islands, Sakhalin, and the southern part of the Kamchatka peninsula.
gd: 'S e muinntir tùsail Seapan a Tuath, nan Eileanan Kuril, Sakhalin agus taobh a Deas ceann-tìre Kamchatka a tha anns na h-Ainu.

en: Akwe
gd: Muinntir nan Akwe

en: ?plural:Akwe
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Akwe

en: The Akwe are also known by three different tribal names in Portuguese, Xavante, Xakriaba and Xerente. They have a patrilineal clan system and live in Mato Grosso and Tocantins states of Brazil, though they have been forced to move by Brazilians several times through their history. Traditionally, they are ruled by councils of elders who elect a chief and have likely lived in large ring villages since about the 9th century CE. They are Ge speakers who farm maize, manioc, sweet potatoes and yams.
gd: Tha trì ainmean eile ann am Portagailis air treubhan nan Akwe: Xavante, Xakriaba agus Xerente. Tha rian chinnidhean athair-sinnsireil aca agus tha iad a' fuireach anns na stàitean Mato Grosso agus Toncantin ann am Braisil, ged a chaidh am fuadadh le muinntir Bhraisil iomadh turas rè an eachdraidh. Tha iad 'gan riaghladh le comhairlean de shinnsirean a thaghas ceannard a ghnàth agus tha coltas gun robh iad a' fuireach ann an clachain mhòra chearcallach a-mach on 9mh linn. Tha iad a' bruidhinn Gê agus a' toirt fàs air coirce Innseanach, casabha, buntàta milis is yam.

en: ?plural:Andalusis
gd: ?plural:muinntir Al-Andalus

en: Al-Andalus was the parts of the Iberian peninsula that was under Muslim control during the Middle Ages. Muslim Andalusians are noted for their splendid architectural heritage. During the Reconquista the Christian kingdoms gradually pushed back the Islamic states of Al-Andalus. Their last city on the Iberian peninsula, Granada, fell in 1492.
gd: 'B e Al-Andalus a' phàirt dhen cheann-tìre Ìbeireach a bha fo smachd nam Muslamach sna Meadhan Aoisean. Bha muinntir Mhuslamach Al-Andalus ainmeil airson an dualchas ailtireachd iongantach. Phut na rìoghachdan Crìostail air ais stàitean Ioslamach Al-Andalus mean air mhean rè an Reconquista. Thuit am baile mu dheireadh aca air a' cheann-tìre Ìbeireach, Granada, ann an 1492.

en: Sheikh %s
gd: Seidhch %s

en: Shaykha %s
gd: Sheidhch %s

en: Caliph %s
gd: Cailif %s

en: Calipha %s
gd: Cailif %s

en: Vizier %s
gd: Bisir %s

en: ?female:Vizier %s
gd: ?female:Bana-bhisir %s

en: Earl %s
gd: Iarla %s

en: ?female:Earl %s
gd: ?female:Ban-iarla %s

en: Vicar %s
gd: Bhiocar %s

en: ?female:Vicar %s
gd: ?female:Bana-bhiocar %s

en: Albanian
gd: Muinntir Albàinea

en: ?plural:Albanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Albàinea

en: Prince %s
gd: Prionnsa %s

en: Princess %s
gd: Bana-phrionnsa %s

en: First Secretary %s
gd: Ciad Rùnaire %s

en: ?female:First Secretary %s
gd: ?female:Ciad Rùnaire %s

en: Aleut
gd: Muinntir nan Eileanan Aleut

en: ?plural:Aleuts
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Eileanan Aleut

en: The Unangan, or Aleut, lived in permanent subterranean homes in their hunting and fishing villages. They lived in the Aleutian islands for thousands of years prior to European contact. Unangan people developed ties to Russian missionaries and traders many converting to Russian Orthodox Christianity and intermarrying with Russians, and some even accompanied Russians to their other colonial entrepots such as Ft. Ross in northern California and Ft. Elizabeth in Hawai'i.
gd: Bhiodh muinntir Unangan, no muinntir nan Eileanan Aleut, a' fuireach ann an taighean fon talamh sna clachain seilg is iasgaich aca. Bha iad a' fuireach air na h-Eileanan Aleut fad mìltean de bhliadhnaichean mus do ràinig muinntir na Roinn-Eòrpa. Stèidhich muinntir Unangan ceanglaichean ri miseanaraidhean is marsantaich Ruiseanach agus ghabh mòran dhiubh ri Crìostaidheachd Ortodogsach Ruiseanach agus phòs iad Ruiseanaich agus lean cuid dhiubh Ruiseanaich dhan na bailtean tuineachais aca, leithid Ft. Ross ann an California a Tuath agus Ft. Elizabeth ann an Hawai'i.

en: Shaman %s
gd: Seuman %s

en: ?female:Shaman %s
gd: ?female:Seuman %s

en: Algerian
gd: Muinntir Aildirea

en: ?plural:Algerians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aildirea

en: Algeria is an Arabic nation in North Africa. It is historically inhabited by the Berber people.
gd: 'S e nàisean Arabach ann an Afraga a Tuath a tha ann an Aildirea. 'S e muinntir Amazigh (no Beirbear) a tha a' fuireach ann gu eachdraidheil.

en: Secretary General %s
gd: Rùnaire Seanalair %s

en: ?female:Secretary General %s
gd: ?female:Rùnaire Seanalair %s

en: Alsatian
gd: muinntir na h-Alsaise

en: ?plural:Alsatians
gd: ?plural:muinntir na h-Alsaise

en: Alsace is a region in Europe, on the border of France and Germany. During the Middle Ages Alsace was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and consisted of several quite wealthy city-states. In the 17th and 18th century the Alsatian cities were annexed by France one by one, but after that the region became one of the most contested parts of Europe, changing hands between Germany and France 4 times in less than a century. Since 1944 it has been in French hands.
gd: 'S e sgìre san Roinn-Eòrpa air crìochan na Frainge 's na Gearmailte a tha san Alsas. Bha i 'na pàirt de dh'Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe sna meadhan-aoisean, dòrnan de stàit-bhailtean gu math beartach. Ghabh an Fraing os làimh na bailtean Alsasach mean air mhean san 17mh agus san 18mh linn ach as dèidh sin, chaidh cogadh a dhèanamh airson na sgìre na bu trice na sgìre sam bith eile san Roinn-Eòrpa, a' dol air ais is air adhart eadar a' Ghearmailt agus an Fhraing 4 turais ann an ceud bliadhna. 'S ann aig an Fhraing a bha i a-mach o 1944.

en: Minister-President %s
gd: Ceann-suidhe Ministeir %s

en: ?female:Minister-President %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-suidhe Ministeir %s

en: Bailiff %s
gd: Bàillidh %s

en: ?female:Bailiff %s
gd: ?female:Vogt %s

en: Bishop %s
gd: Easbaig %s

en: ?female:Bishop %s
gd: ?female:Easbaig %s

en: Burgomaster %s
gd: Borgemeister %s

en: ?female:Burgomaster %s
gd: ?female:Borgemeisterin %s

en: Amazigh
gd: Muinntir nan Amazigh

en: ?plural:Imazighen
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Amazigh

en: The Amazigh civilization is one of the oldest in the Mediterranean Basin, co-existing with ancient Egypt. The Imazighen people, which means "free men", are sturdy and strong but cheerful and generous with a great consideration for family and tribe. Every tribe has its own traditions and culture, which is the reason for the countless diversity of traditions in modern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The Imazighen speak old languages such as Tamazirt, Tachelhit or Tarifit, collectively known as Berber languages, using an age-old writing system called Tifinagh.
gd: 'S e sìobhaltas nan Amazigh aon dhe na sìobhaltasan as sine air cladach na Mara Meadhanaiche ann an co-bhith leis na h-Èiphitich. 'S ciall do dh'Imazighen "na daoine saora" agus tha iad cosanta, làidir ach cuideachd èibhinn is fialaidh agus tha meas mòr aca air an teaghlach 's an treubh. Tha a chuid thradaiseanan is cultar aig gach treubh fhèin agus tha seo coireach às ab iomadachd chultarach mhòr eadar Moroco, Aildirea agus Tuinisea an-diugh. Tha iad a' bruidhinn cànain mar Tamazirt, Taclḥit no Tarifit no cànain nam Beirbear còmhla agus thathar a sgrìobhadh le siostam sgrìobhaidh àrsaidh air a bheil Tifinagh.

en: Amazonian
gd: Muinntir na h-Amasoin

en: ?plural:Amazons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Amasoin

en: The Amazons are a fictional nation of women warriors which appear in Classical Greek writing and art. Authors have located them in the Ukraine, Asia Minor, or Libya. The Amazons were reported to remove their right breasts in order to better use the bow and other weapons.
gd: 'S e nàisean ficseanach a tha sna h-Amasonaich, bana-chathaich a tha a' nochdadh ann an sgrìobhaidhean is ealain chlasaigeach nan Greugach. Tha na h-ùghdarran an ràdh gur ann an Ucràin, Asia Minor no Libia a bha an dùthaich. Thathar ag innse gum b' àbhaist dhaibh an cìochan deasa a ghearradh dhiubh gum b' urrainn dhaibh am boghachan is airm eile a chleachdadh na b' fhearr.

en: Andorran
gd: Muinntir Andorra

en: ?plural:Andorrans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Andorra

en: Andorra is a small country in the eastern Pyrenees. In 1278, a dispute between the bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix ended with an agreement to share the sovereignty of Andorra. This arrangement is still in effect and their successors - the current bishop of Urgell and the President of the French Republic - bear the (mostly honorific) title of co-prince of Andorra.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag aig ceann Ear nam Beanntan Pirineach a tha ann an Andorra. Dh'èirich connspaid eadar Easbaig Urgell agus Cunnta Foix agus dh'aontaich iad aig a' cheann thall uachdaranachd Andorra a roinneadh eatarra. Tha an t-aonta seo an sàs fhathast agus tha an tiotal Co-phrionnsa Andorra air an co-arbannan fhathast - easbaig làithreach Urgell agus Ceann-suidhe Poblachd na Frainge - ged nach eil ann ach tiotal.

en: Dictator %s
gd: Ceannsalaiche %s

en: ?female:Dictator %s
gd: ?female:Ceannsalaiche %s

en: Co-Prince %s
gd: Co-phrionnsa %s

en: Co-Princess %s
gd: Co-bhana-phrionnsa %s

en: Angolan
gd: Muinntir Angòla

en: ?plural:Angolans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Angòla

en: When the Portuguese arrived in Angola in the 15th century the region was controlled by several Bantu kingdoms. Angola became an important source of slave traders until well into the 19th century. After two decades of guerrilla war against the Portuguese colonial authorities Angola finally achieved independence in 1975. Soon the various guerilla groups started fighting each other. After half a century of war a peace agreement was finally reached in 2002.
gd: Nuair a ràinig na Portagailich Angòla sa 15mh linn, bha an sgìre fo smachd grunn rìoghachdan Bantu. Bha Angòla 'na thùs cudromach de mharsantaich thràillean gu ruige an 19mh linn. Choisinn Angòla neo-eisimeileachd o ùghdarrasan na Portagaile ann an 1975 an cois fichead bliadhna de chogadh guerilla. Thòisich na diofar buidhnean de shabaidichean guerilla trod an aghaidh a chèile beagan às deidh sin. Chuir iad ainm ri aonta sìthe mu dheireadh thall ann an 2002 an dèidh lethcheud bliadhna de shabaid.

en: Anhaltian
gd: muinntir Anhalt

en: ?plural:Anhaltians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Anhalt

en: Anhalt was a German state. Initially a county, it was split from Saxony in 1212. For most of its history, it was partitioned into several territories that were ruled by the same family. The counts of Anhalt were raised to dukes upon the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon in 1806. Anhalt was reunited into a single duchy in 1863. Upon the downfall of the German monarchies in 1918, it became a free state. After World War II, Anhalt finally ceased to exist when the allies decided to merge it with the former Prussian Province of Saxony to form the state of Saxony-Anhalt.
gd: 'S e stàit na Gearmailte a bha ann an Anhalt. B' àbhaist dha a bhith 'a dùthaich 's e air sgoltadh o Shagsainn ann an 1212. Fad cuid mhath dhe h-eachdraidh, bha e air a sgaradh ann an iomadh sgìre fo smachd an dearbh theaghlaich. Fhuair cunntaichean Anhalt inbhe dhiùcaichean nuair a chaidh Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe a leigeil mu sgaoil le Napoleon ann an 1806. Chaidh a co-aonadh a-rithist san aon diùcachd ann an 1863. Nuair rinneadh a' chùis air rìghrean na Gearmailte ann an 1918, rinneadh saor-stàit dhi. Chaidh Anhalt à bith gu tur an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir nuair a chuir an caidreachas còmhla e ri seann sgìre Phruiseach Shagsainn gus Sasgsainn-Anhalt a chruthachadh.

en: Count %s
gd: Cunnta %s

en: Countess %s
gd: Bana-chunnta %s

en: Grand Duke %s
gd: Àrd Diùc %s

en: Grand Duchess %s
gd: Àrd Bhan-Diùc %s

en: Anishinaabe
gd: Muinntir nan Anishinaabe

en: ?plural:Anishinaabeg
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Anishinaabe

en: The Anishinaabeg are a group of closely related Native American tribes in the North American Great Lakes region, including the Ottawa, Ojibwe, Algonkin and Potawatomi. They speak Algonquian languages. Together they are one of the most numerous indigenous peoples of North America.
gd: 'S e buidheann de threubhan tùsanach ann an Aimeireaga a tha anns na Anishinaabeg agus tha dàimh dhlùth eatarra. Tha iad a' fuireach ann an sgìre nan Lochan Mòra ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath agus tha iad a' gabhail a-steach nan Ottawa, Ojibew, Algonkin agus Potowatomi agus tha iad a' bruidhinn cànain Algoincin agus 's iad-san aon dhe na buidhnean as pailt de thùsanaich ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath.

en: Great Shaman %s
gd: Seuman Mòr %s

en: ?female:Great Shaman %s
gd: ?female:Bana-sheuman Mhòr %s

en: Antarctican
gd: Muinntir na h-Antartaig

en: ?plural:Antarcticans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Antartaig

en: Independent South Pole, land of penguins.
gd: Pòla a Deas Neo-eisimeileach, tìr nan ceann-fionn.

en: Antiguan and Barbudan
gd: muinntir Aintìoga is Barbuda

en: ?plural:Antiguans and Barbudans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Aintìoga is Barbuda

en: Antigua and Barbuda is a country in the Eastern Caribbean consisting of the two eponymous islands as well as a number of smaller islets. The country has been independent from the United Kingdom since 1981.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an taobh an ear Muir nan Caraibh a tha ann an Aintìoga is Barbuda, a' gabhail a-steach an dà eilean sin agus feadhainn bheaga a bharrachd. Fhuair an dùthaich neo-eisimeileachd on Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an 1981.

en: Antillean
gd: muinntir Aintilia

en: ?plural:Antilleans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Aintilia

en: The islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Saint Martin and Saint Eustatius were colonized by the Dutch in the 17th century. Their population is of mixed European, African and Latin American heritage. The Netherlands Antilles gained internal self governance in 1954, and were subsequently dissolved in 2010. Aruba, Curacao and Saint Martin are countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the other three islands have been directly integrated into the Netherlands as special municipalities.
gd: Chaidh eileanan Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Saint Martin agus Saint Eustatius a thuineachadh leis na Duitsich san 17mh linn. Tha an sluagh ann 'na mheasgachadh de dh'Eòrpaich, Afraganaich is muinntir Aimeireaga a Deas. Fhuair Eileanan Aintilia nan Tìrean Ìsle fèin-riaghladh ann an 1954 agus chaidh iad a leigeil mu sgaoil ann an 2010. Tha Aruba, Curaçao is Saint Martin 'nan dùthchannan am broinn Rìoghachd nan Tìrean Ìsle a-nis agus chaidh na trì eileanan eile a chur ris na Tìrean Ìsle mar sgìrean sònraichte.

en: Aragonese
gd: Muinntir Aragón

en: ?plural:Aragonese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aragón

en: Aragon was formed as a Frankish county and was elevated to a kingdom in the 11th century. It expanded its territory southwards during the reconquista and subsequently managed to control a large part of the Mediterranean. In 1469 king Fernando II married Isabella of Castile, a union that would form the base of the Spanish unification. The kingdom was legally dissolved in 1707 but today Aragon continues to exist as an autonomous community of Spain.
gd: Bha Aragón 'na siorrachd Fhrancach agus fhuair i inbhe rìoghachd san 11mh linn. Choisinn i àrainn mu Dheas rè an Reconquista agus shoirbhich leotha smachd a chumail air pìos math dhen Mhuir Mheadhanach. Phòs Rìgh Fernando II Isabella Castilla ann an 1469, aonadh a bha 'na bhunait do co-aonadh na Spàinne aig a' cheann thall. Chaidh an rìoghachd a chur mu sgaoil gu laghail ann an 1707 ach tha Aragón 'na coimhearsnachd fèin-riaghlaidh san Spàinn fhathast.

en: Aramean
gd: Muinntir Araimea

en: ?plural:Arameans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Araimea

en: According to legend, the Aramean people are the descendants of Aram, the grandson of Noah.
gd: A-rèir an t-seann sgeoil, tha muinntir Araimea de shliochd Aram, iar-ogha Noah.

en: Argentine
gd: Muinntir na h-Argantain

en: ?plural:Argentines
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Argantain

en: Cardinal %s
gd: Càirdineal %s

en: Viceroy %s
gd: Iar-rìgh %s

en: Vicereine %s
gd: Iar-bhànrigh %s

en: Armenian
gd: Muinntir na h-Airmeine

en: ?plural:Armenians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Airmeine

en: According to legend, the Armenian people are the descendants of Haik - the great-great-grandson of Noah. The modern Republic of Armenia gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
gd: A-rèir nan seann sgeulachdan, tha muinntir na h-Airmeine de shliochd Hayk - fionn-ogha Noah. Fhuair Poblachd na h-Airmeine an latha an-diugh neo-eisimeileachd on Aonadh Sovietach ann an 1991.

en: Usurper %s
gd: Sglaimir %s

en: ?female:Usurper %s
gd: ?female:Sglaimir %s

en: Ashanti
gd: Muinntir nan Ashanti

en: ?plural:Ashantis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Ashanti

en: The Ashanti were an ancient kingdom in a region that is currently a part of Ghana. The first Ashanti kingdom was founded in the 11th century.
gd: 'S e rìoghachd àrsaidh ann am pàirt de Ghàna an latha an-diugh a bha sna h-Ashanti. Chaidh a' chiad rìoghachd Ashanti a chur air bhonn san 11mh linn.

en: Councillor %s
gd: Consigliere %s

en: ?female:Councillor %s
gd: ?female:Consigliera %s

en: Assamese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Asam

en: ?plural:Assamese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Asam

en: The Assam (Ahom) kingdom was founded in 1228 on the southeastern foothills of the Himalayas by a group of Shan people emigrating from what is today northeastern Burma. The Assamese kings famously defeated several expeditions by the mighty Mughal Empire, effectively halting the Mughals' eastward expansion.
gd: Chaidh Rìoghachd Asam (Āhom) a stèidheachadh ann an 1228 air feadh bun-chnuic an Himalaya le buidhnean de Shan a thàinig às an àite far a bheil ear-thuath Miànmar an-diugh. Bha rìghrean Asam ainmeil 's iad air buaidh a thoirt air grunn airm Impireachd nam Mughal is leis a sin, a' cur casg air fàs Impireachd nam Mughal dhan ear.

en: Assyrian
gd: Muinntir Aisirea

en: ?plural:Assyrians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aisirea

en: Assyria was an empire in northern Mesopotamia, named after its capital Ashur.
gd: 'S e impireachd ann an ceann a Tuath Mesopotamia a bha ann an Aisirea, air ainmeachadh air a' phrìomh bhaile Aššur.

en: Asturian
gd: Muinntir Asturias

en: ?plural:Asturians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Asturias

en: The Astures were a Celtic people which occupied most of the northern coast of Spain. They battled against the Roman Empire until their defeat by Caesar Augustus' legions between 29 and 19 BCE. Under the Visigothic kingdom of Toledo, there were uneasy relations between Visigoths and Asturians. In 722 CE, king Pelayo defeated the Umayyad Muslim troops at Covadonga, establishing the Asturian Kingdom, which lasted until 910 CE, when the capital town was moved from Oviedo to Leon. Nowadays, Asturias is an autonomous community of Spain.
gd: 'S e sluagh Ceilteach a bha ann am muinntir Asturias a thuinich a' chuid a bu mhotha de thaobh Tuath na Spàinne. Rinn iad cogadh ri Impireachd na Ròimhe gus an deach a cheannsachadh le leigeanan Caesar Augustus eadar 29 agus 19 RC. Bha dàimh an-fhoiseil eadar na h-Iar-Ghothaich agus muinntir Asturias fo Rìoghachd Toledo nan Iar-Ghothach. Thug Rìgh Pelayo buaidh air feachdan Muslamach nan Umayyad ann an 722 ann an Covadonga. Chaidh Rìoghachd Asturias a stèidheachadh ri linn sin agus mhair e gu ruige 910 nuair a chaidh am prìomh bhaile a ghluasad o Uvieu gu Leon. Tha Asturias 'na choimhearsnachd fèin-riaghlaidh san Spàinn an-diugh.

en: Atlantean
gd: Muinntir Atlantis

en: ?plural:Atlantean
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Atlantis

en: The mythical continent of Atlantis
gd: Mòrthir mhith-eòlach Atlantis

en: High King %s
gd: Àrd Rìgh %s

en: High Queen %s
gd: Àrd Bhànrigh %s

en: Australian
gd: Muinntir Astràilia

en: ?plural:Australians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Astràilia

en: Australia was founded as a British penal colony in 1788 CE. Originally comprising several colonies (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania) it became a single country in 1902. It is the only country on Earth to occupy an entire continent.
gd: Chaidh Astràilia a chur air bhonn mar thuineachas peansachadh na Breatainne ann an 1788. Bha grunn thuineachasan ann aig an toiseach (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australian agus Tasmania) agus chaidh a cho-aonadh ann an 1902. 'S e Astràilia an aon dùthaich san t-saoghal a tha 'na mhòrthir air fad.

en: Avar
gd: muinntir nan Avar

en: ?plural:Avars
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Avar

en: The Avars or Eurasian Avars were an ancient nomadic confederation of mixed origin. The dominant language of this group was presumably Proto-Bulgarian within the Turkic Oghuz language subgroup, but the true origin of the Avars is unknown. It is possible they were originally a Rouran or Hephthalite group. After settling in Pannonia they subjugated the local Slavic tribes. Gradually they lost power and political importance and eventually the Avars blended with Slavic peoples.
gd: 'S e caidreachas iniltearan àrsaidh a bha anns na h-Avar no Avar na Eòrp-Àisea. Bha iomadh sluagh 'nam measg ach thathar sa bheachd gum b' e a' Phroto-Bhulgairis am prìomh chànan nam measg, am broinn fo-bhuidheann chànan Turcach Oghuz ach chan eil dad a chinnt a thaobh fìor thùsan nan Avar. Faodaidh gum b' e buidheann Rouran no Hephthalite a bha annta o thùsa. Chaidh an ceannsachadh le treubhan Slàbhach ionadail an dèidh dhaibh còmhnaidh a ghabhail ann am Pannonia. Chaill iad an cuid cumhachd mean air mhean agus cho-aonaich iad leis na sluaghan Slàbhach aig a' cheann thall.

en: %s Khan
gd: %s Khān

en: %s Khagan
gd: %s Kağan

en: ?female:%s Khagan
gd: ?female:%s Kağan

en: Aymara
gd: Muinntir nan Aymara

en: ?plural:Aymaras
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Aymara

en: After the collapse of the Tiwanaku civilization in the Andes, their heirs reorganized into a set of culturally close Aymara kingdoms that thrived around the Titicaca lake until they were conquered by the Incas.
gd: Dh'ath stèidhich oighrean badan de rìoghachdan dlùth air a chèile an dèidh tuiteam sìobhaltas Tiwanaku sna Beanntan Andach agus shoirbhich leotha mun cuairt air loch Titicaca gus an deach an ceannsachadh leis na h-Inca.

en: Azeri
gd: Muinntir Asarbaideàn

en: ?plural:Azeris
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Asarbaideàn

en: The Azeris are the people of Azerbaijan. The territory of modern Azerbaijan was the scene of rises and falls of different ancient states of the Caucasus region. In 1813 Azerbaijan became part of the Russian Empire, which was followed by a short period of independence in 1918-1920 - as the first Islamic republic in history. Then Azerbaijan became part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.
gd: 'S e muinntir Asarbaideàn a tha sna h-Azeri. Bha diofar stàitean àrsaidh ag èirigh 's a' crìonadh ann an sgìre nam Beanntan Cabhcasach far a bheil Asarbaideàn an-diugh. Rinneadh Asarbaideàn pàirt de dh'Impireachd nan Ruiseanach ann an 1813 agus bha e neo-eisimeileach fad greis an uairsin eadar 1918-1920 - a' chiad phoblachd Ioslamach san eachdraidh. Bha Asarbaideàn 'na phàirt dhen Aonadh Sovietach an uairsin gus an deach a sgaoileadh ann an 1991.

en: %s Shah
gd: %s Šāh

en: %s Shahbanu
gd: %s Šahbānū

en: Badian
gd: Muinntir Baden

en: ?plural:Badians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Baden

en: Baden was a country in Swabia, in southwestern Germany. After World War II it was merged with Wuerttemberg and Hohenzollern to form the land of Baden-Wuerttemberg.
gd: 'S e siorrachd ann an Swabia ann an iar-dheas na Gearmailte a bha ann am Baden. Chaidh a cho-aonadh le Württemberg agus Hohenzollern mar Baden-Württemberg an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir.

en: Margrave %s
gd: Markgraf %s

en: Margravine %s
gd: Markgräfin %s

en: Bahamian
gd: muinntir Eileanan Bhathama

en: ?plural:Bahamians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Eileanan Bhathama

en: The Bahamas are an island group in North America. It was somewhere in the Bahamas that Columbus first set foot on American soil. The Islands were subsequently depopulated and mostly ignored until they were settled by British colonists in the 17th century. The Bahamas have been an independent country within the Commonwealth since 1973. Nowadays the Bahamas are mostly famous for their beaches but it is also a major offshore financial center. The Bahamas are the most developed country of Latin America and the Caribbean as well as the world's wealthiest black-majority country.
gd: 'S e badan de dh'eileanan ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath a tha ann an Eileanan Bhathama. B' ann am badeigin sna h-Eileanan Bhathama a chuir Columbus cas air tìr a' chiad turas. Chuireadh às dhan t-sluagh tùsail an uairsin ach cha robh cus ùidh aig daoine annta gus an deach an tuineachadh le muinntir Bhreatainn san 17mh linn. Tha Eileanan Bhathama air a bhith 'nan dùthaich neo-eisimeileach sa Cho-fhlaitheas a-mach o 1973. Tha iad ainmeil air an cuid thràighean an-diugh ach cuideachd mar aonad ionmhais far cladaich. 'S e Eileanan Bhathama an dùthaich as leasaichte ann an Aimeireaga Laideannach agus ann am Muir nan Caraib cuideachd agus an dùthaich as beartaiche sa bheil a' mhòrchuid 'nan daoine dubha.

en: Bahraini
gd: muinntir Bachrain

en: ?plural:Bahrainis
gd: ?plural:muinntir Bachrain

en: Bahrain is an island country in the Persian Gulf and the smallest country of the Middle East. Bahrain has been independent from Persia since the 18th century, although it was a British protectorate until 1971. The country became a constitutional monarchy in 2001 but a pro-democracy uprising in 2011 was violently crushed.
gd: 'S dùthaich a tha 'na eilean ann an Camas nam Peirseach a tha ann am Bachrain, an dùthaich as lugha san Ear-Mheadhan. Fhuair Bachrain neo-eisimeileachd on Pheirse san 18mh linn ach bha e 'na chosantaireachd Bhreatannach gu ruige 1971. Rinneadh monarcachd bhun-reachdail dhi ann an 2011 ach a dh'aindeoin sin chaidh aramach airson deamocrasaidh a chur sìos gu brùideil ann an 2011.

en: Mahdi %s
gd: Mahdī %s

en: ?female:Mahdi %s
gd: ?female:Mahdī %s

en: Bangladeshi
gd: muinntir Bangla-Deis

en: ?plural:Bangladeshis
gd: ?plural:muinntir Bangla-Deis

en: The People's Republic of Bangladesh was formed from the former Pakistani territory of East Bengal following a war of independence.
gd: Chaidh Sluagh-phoblachd Bangla-Deis a chruthachadh an dèidh cogadh neo-eisimeileachd air bun-stèidh seann ranntair Beangal an Ear a bhiodh 'na pàirt de Phagastàn.

en: Raja %s
gd: Rājā %s

en: Rani %s
gd: Rājñī %s

en: Maharaja %s
gd: Mahārāja %s

en: Maharani %s
gd: Mahārājñī %s

en: Nabob %s
gd: Nōbab %s

en: ?female:Nabob %s
gd: ?female:Nōbab %s

en: Barbadian
gd: muinntir Barbados

en: ?plural:Barbadians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Barbados

en: Barbados is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 km east of the Windward Islands in the Caribbean. Originally inhabited by Arawaks, the island was discovered by the Portuguese around 1500. When the English first settled Barbados in 1627 they found the island depopulated. The island has been independent since 1966. Barbados is a major international tourist destination and one of the most developed countries of the Caribbean.
gd: 'S e dùthaich a tha 'na eilean a tha ann am Barbados, mu 100km ear air Eileanan Windward sa Chuan Siar. 'S e muinntir Arawak a b' àbhaist a bhith a' fuireach ann ach lorg muinntir Phortagail an t-eilean mun bhliadhna 1500 agus nuair a thuinich na Sasannaich Barbados ann an 1627, cha do lorg iad duine beò ann. Tha i air a bhith 'na dùthaich neo-eisimeileach a-mach o 1966. Tha Barbados 'na cheann-uidhe cudromach do luchd-turasachd agus aon dhe na dùthchannan as leasaichte ann am Muir nan Caraib.

en: Bashkir
gd: Muinntir Başqortostan

en: ?plural:Bashkirs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Başqortostan

en: The Bashkirs are a Turkic-speaking nation in the southern Urals. Since the end of the 16th century, the Bashkirs were vassals of the Russian tsar, but have since participated in several uprisings against the Russian government. Today most of the Bashkirs live in the Bashkortostan Republic which is part of the Russian Federation.
gd: 'S e nàisean Turcach a tha anns na Başqortaich ann an taobh deas nam Beanntan Uralach. Bha na Başqortaich 'nam basaillean aig Tsar na Ruise o dheireadh na 16mh linne ach dh'èirich iad an aghaidh riaghaltas na Ruise iomadh turas. Tha a' chuid as motha dhe na Başqortaich a' fuireach ann am Poblachd Başqortostan an-diugh am broinn Co-nasgadh na Ruise.

en: Basque
gd: Muinntir Dùthaich nam Basgach

en: ?plural:Basques
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dùthaich nam Basgach

en: The Basques have lived since ancient times by the western foothills of the Pyrenees. The Kingdom of Navarre was the last independent Basque state, which fell to Aragon in the 16th century. Today, the Basque Country, or "Euskal Herria", lays right in the borderlands between Spain and France, divided into seven historical provinces. Their language, Euskara, has no known relatives and its origins are unknown.
gd: Tha na Basgaich a' fuireach air dà thaobh nam Beanntan Pirineach o chian nan cian. 'S e Rìoghachd Navarre an stàit neo-eisimeileach Bhasgach mu dheireadh agus fhuair Aragon smachd oirre san 16mh linn. Tha Dùthaich nam Basgach no "Euskal Herria" air muin na crìche eadar an Spàinnt is an Fhraing an-diugh, air a roinneadh ann an seachd siorrachdan eachdraidheil. Chan eil dàimh sam bith aig Euskara, an cànan aca, agus cànan sam bith eile agus chan eil cinnt cò às a thàinig i.

en: Leader %s
gd: Ceannard %s

en: ?female:Leader %s
gd: ?female:Ceannard %s

en: Bavarian
gd: Muinntir Bavaria

en: ?plural:Bavarians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bavaria

en: Bavaria, before national unification in 1870 CE, was one of the largest of the German kingdoms.
gd: B' e Bavaria aon dhe na rìoghachdan a bu mhotha sa Ghearmailt ron aonadh nàiseanta ann an 1870.

en: Duke %s
gd: Diùc %s

en: Duchess %s
gd: Ban-diùc %s

en: Belarusian
gd: Muinntir na Bealaruise

en: ?plural:Belarusians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Bealaruise

en: Belarus was part of the ancient Slavic state of Kievan Rus', then subsequently Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Belarus became independent in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
gd: Bha a' Bhealaruis 'na phàirt de stàit àrsaidh Slàbhach nan Rus Kiev agus an uairsin dhen Liotuain, dhen Rzeczpospolita, Impireachd na Ruise agus dhen Aonadh Sovietach. Fhuair a' Bhealruis neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1991 nuair a chaidh an t-Aonadh Sovietach a leigeil mu sgaoil.

en: Belgian
gd: Muinntir na Beilge

en: ?plural:Belgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Beilge

en: Belgium gained independence from the Dutch Kingdom in 1830. Belgium is mainly characterized by its movement from a unified state to a federal one. This is the result of the Flemish and the Walloon's nationalist (almost) peaceful fights.
gd: Fhuair a' Bheilg neo-eisimeileachd o Rìoghachd nan Duitseach ann an 1830. 'S e an iomairt o stàit aonaichte gu stàit fheadarail an rud as fhollaisiche mun Bheilg. Seo buaidh na còmhstri (cha mhòr) sìtheil eadar na nàiseantaich Fhlannrasach agus Walloonach.

en: Prime Minister %s
gd: Prìomh Mhinistear %s

en: ?female:Prime Minister %s
gd: ?female:Prìomh Mhinistear %s

en: Stadtholder %s
gd: Stadhouder %s

en: Stadtholdress %s
gd: Stadhouder %s

en: Belgic
gd: Muinntir nam Belgae

en: ?plural:Belgae
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Belgae

en: The Belgae were an Ancient Celtic tribe that inhabited the area that would later become the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. Their origin was perhaps mixed Celtic and Germanic, because they had come to Gaul from behind the Rhine and included some Germanic elements, but the names of their chiefs were Gallic. Julius Caesar famously called the Belgae the bravest amongst the inhabitants of Gaul. They put up stiff resistance against Caesar's legions but eventually succumbed to the Romans. The modern country of Belgium derives its name from the Belgae.
gd: Bha na Belgae 'na threubh Ceilteach àrsaidh aig an robh còmhnaidh san àite a bhiodh 'na mhòr-roinn Ròmanach Gallia Belgica aig àm. Dh'fhaoidte gun robh tùs measgaichte aca eadar na Ceiltich is na Gearmailtich a chionn 's gun dàinig iad dhan Ghall o thaobh ear na Rèine ach 's e ainmean Ceilteach a bhiodh air na ceannardan aca. Thuirt Julius Caesar gur iad na Belgae na daoine a bu ghaisgeil sa Ghall. Thug iad aghaidh air na Ròmanaich ach b' fheudar dhaibh gèilleadh aig a' cheann thall. Tha ainm na Beilge mar a tha sinne eòlach air a' tighinn o ainm nam Belgae.

en: High Druid %s
gd: Àrd-draoidh %s

en: ?female:High Druid %s
gd: ?female:Àrd-bhana-draoidh %s

en: Brother %s
gd: Bràthair %s

en: Sister %s
gd: Piuthair %s

en: Spokesman %s
gd: Fear-labhairt %s

en: Spokeswoman %s
gd: Tè-labhairt %s

en: Speaker %s
gd: Ceann Comhairle %s

en: ?female:Speaker %s
gd: ?female:Ceann Comhairle %s

en: Belizean
gd: muinntir Beilìs

en: ?plural:Belizeans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Beilìs

en: Belize is the smallest country of Central America. Once part of the Maya region, it was settled by British pirates and loggers in the 17th century. Belize, then known as British Honduras, became a crown colony in 1862. It has been an independent country since 1981. Belize is ethnically extremely diverse, its population consisting of Creoles, Mayans, Spanish-speaking mestizos, Garifunas, Chinese, Mennonites, and Indians.
gd: 'S e Beilìs an dùthaich as lugha ann am Meadhan Aimeireaga. Bha e taobh a-staigh rìoghachdan nam Maya aig àm ach chaidh a thuineachadh le spùinneadairean is logairean Breatannach san 17mh linn. Fhuair Beilìs, no Honduras na Breatainne mar a bha oirre roimhe, inbhe tuineachas a' chrùin ann an 1862. Tha i air a bhith 'na dùthaich neo-eisimeileach a-mach o 1981. Tha measgachadh mòr de shluaghan ann, a' gabhail a-steach muinntir Crìtheolach, Maya, mestizos a bhruidhneas Spàinntis, Garifuna, Sìnich, Mennonitich is Innseanaich.

en: Superintendent %s
gd: ?female:Feumannach %s

en: ?female:Superintendent %s
gd: ?female:Ban-fheumannach %s

en: Bengali
gd: Muinntir na Beangaile

en: ?plural:Bengalis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Beangaile

en: Bengal is a region in the easternmost part of the Indian subcontinent. The first recorded independent king of the Bengali is Shashanka who reigned around 606 CE. Today the People's Republic of Bangladesh occupies the eastern part of the region, while the western part is the Indian state of West Bengal.
gd: 'S e a' Bheangail sgìre air taobh thall ear nan Innseachan. B' e Śōśangko a' chiad rìgh neo-eisimeileach ann an eachdraidh na Beangaile mun bhliadhna 606. Tha Sluagh-Phoblachd Bangla-Deis air taobh an ear na sgìre agus tha taobh an iar dheth ann an stàit Innseanach na h-Iar-Bheangaile.

en: Beninese
gd: muinntir Beinin

en: ?plural:Beninese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Beinin

en: Once the site of the Dahomey kingdom, the country was colonized by France in the 19th century. Dahomey became independent in 1960. Marxists seized power in 1972 and renamed the country Benin three years later. Multiparty rule returned in 1990.
gd: B' e seo làrach rìoghachd Dahomey ach chaidh a thuineachadh leis an Fhraing san 19mh linn. Fhuair Dahomey neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1960 ach ghlac Marxistich smachd air an dùthaich ann an 1972 's thug iad Beinin oirre trì bliadhna an dèidh sin. Chaidh riaghladh ioma-phàirtaidhean a thilleadh ann an 1990.

en: Benin
gd: Muinntir Bheinin

en: ?plural:Benin
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bheinin

en: Not to be confused with the modern republic of Benin, the Kingdom of Benin was founded by Edo speakers sometime between the 12th and 14th centuries. Benin united a large area of land west of the Niger river delta, reaching its peak in the 16th century. Eweka I founded the Uzama, or Councilors of State, to aid in the accession of a new Oba, or king. Its fortunes waned as Europeans chose other kingdoms to trade with after Benin's main port silted up. The Kingdom finally ended in 1897 when the British assumed control.
gd: Tha diofar poblachd ùr Bheinin agus Rìoghachd Bheinin a chaidh a stèidheachadh le luchd-bruidhinn Edó uaireigin eadar an 12mh is an 14mh linn. Dh'aonaich iad sgìre mhòr iar air inbhir Abhainn Nìgeir agus bha i aig barr a cumhachd san 16mh linn. Stèidhich Eweka I na h-Uzama no Comhairlichean na Stàite, gus taic a chur ri seilbheachadh nan Oba (rìghrean) ùra. Chrìon a cumhachd nuair a thòisich na h-Eòrpaich air malairt a dhèanamh le rìoghachdan eile an dèidh do phrìomh phort Beinin eabaradh. Thàinig an rìoghachd gu crìoch aig a' cheann thall nuair a ghabh Breatainn smachd oirre.

en: Bhutanese
gd: Muinntir Bhutàn

en: ?plural:Bhutanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhutàn

en: Located in the Himalayas, Bhutan is one of the most isolated countries in the world. Bhutan has not been conquered or occupied by foreign invaders for a millennium if not more. In the 17th century Bhutan became a unified nation under Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who repelled a Mongol invasion and united the rivaling Bhutanese tribes.
gd: Tha Butàn san Himalaya agus 's e aon dhe na dùthchannan as aonaranaiche san t-saoghal a tha ann. Cha deach Butàn a cheannsachadh no fiù a smachdadh le dùthaich chèin o chionn mìle bliadhna no fhiù nas fhaide. Chaidh nàisean Bhutàn a cho-aonadh san 17mh linn fo Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel a phut air ais feachd nam Mongol agus a cho-aonaich nan diofar treubhan Butànach.

en: Dragon King %s
gd: Rìgh Dràgon %s

en: Dragon Queen %s
gd: Bànrigh Dràgon %s

en: Biafran
gd: Muinntir Biafra

en: ?plural:Biafrans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Biafra

en: Biafra declared independence from Nigeria in 1967 after years of ethnic, religious and economic tensions in newly independent Nigeria. A war between Nigeria and Biafra followed, which claimed up to two million lives, mostly because of famine and disease caused by the blockade of Biafran ports. Biafra surrendered in 1970.
gd: Ghairm Biafra neo-eisimeileachd o Nigèiria ann an 1967 às dèidh dà bhliadhna de dh'fhrionas cinnidh, creidimh agus eaconamach ann an Nigèiria a bha dìreach air neo-eisimeileachd fhaighinn. Lean cogadh eadar Nigèiria agus Biafra agus chaochail suas ri dà mhillean duine ann, a' chuid a bu mhotha air sgàth goirt agus thinneasan a dh'èirich an cois iom-chuartachaidh nam port Biafrach. Ghèill Biafra ann an 1970.

en: Colonel %s
gd: Còirneal %s

en: ?female:Colonel %s
gd: ?female:Còirneal %s

en: Bissau-Guinean
gd: ?plural:muinntir Gini-Bioso

en: ?plural:Bissau-Guineans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Gini-Bioso

en: Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa. Formerly known as Portuguese Guinea, it declared independence in 1973.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an Afraga an Iar a tha ann an Gini-Bioso. 'S e Gini na Portagaile a bha oirre roimhe agus fhuair i neo-eismeileachd ann an 1973.

en: Captain-Major %s
gd: Caiptean Màidsear %s

en: ?female:Captain-Major %s
gd: ?female:Bana-Chaiptean Màidsear %s

en: Boer
gd: Muinntir nam Boer

en: ?plural:Boers
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Boer

en: The Boers were descendants of Dutch colonists who settled in South Africa after 1650 CE. After migrating into the hinterland after the British takeover of South Africa, they briefly controlled a number of republics, including the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, before being defeated by the British in the war of 1899-1902.
gd: 'S e tuinichean Duitseach a bha anns na Boer ann an Afraga a Deas fo smachd Bhreatainn o 1650. Bha smachd aca air dà phoblachd fad greiseig, an Transvaal agus an Orange Free State mus deach an ruagadh leis na Breatannaich sa chogadh 1899-1902.

en: Reverend %s
gd: An t-Urramach %s

en: ?female:Reverend %s
gd: ?female:A' Bhan-Urramach %s

en: State President %s
gd: Ceann-suidhe na Stàite %s

en: ?female:State President %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-suidhe na Stàite %s

en: Boian
gd: Muinntir nam Boii

en: ?plural:Boii
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Boii

en: The Boii were an ancient Celtic tribe or tribal confederation inhabiting Central Europe and Northern Italy. The names of both Bohemia and Bavaria probably derive from this people.
gd: Bha na Boii 'na threubh Ceilteach àrsaidh no 'na chaidreachas threubhan aig an robh còmhnaidh ann am meadhan na Roinn-Eòrpa agus taobh tuath na h-Eadailte. Tha coltas gu bheil an dà chuid ainm Bohemia agus Bavaria a' tighinn on mhuinntir seo.

en: Bolivian
gd: Muinntir Boilibhia

en: ?plural:Bolivians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Boilibhia

en: Archbishop %s
gd: Àrd easbaig %s

en: Bosnian-Herzegovinian
gd: Muinntir Bhosna-Hearsagobhana

en: ?plural:Bosnians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhosna-Hearsagobhana

en: Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in south-east Europe, and the home of three constituent peoples: Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an ear-dheas na Roinn-Eòrpa a tha ann am Bosna-Hearsagobhana agus tha e 'na dachaigh do trì cinnidhean: Bosnaich, Sèirbich agus Cròthaisich.

en: Bosporan
gd: Muinntir Bosporus

en: ?plural:Bosporans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bosporus

en: The Bosporan Kingdom was an ancient state in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus.
gd: 'S e stàit àrsaidh air taobh an ear ceann-tìre na Crim 's Taman a bha ann an Rìoghachd Bosporus air cladach Bosporus nan Cimmerianach.

en: Despot %s
gd: Despótis %s

en: ?female:Despot %s
gd: ?female:Despótis %s

en: Botswanan
gd: Muinntir Bhotsuana

en: ?plural:Botswanans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhotsuana

en: The Republic of Botswana is a country in Southern Africa. It gained independence from the UK in 1966. Botswana is considered the least corrupt country in Africa and it has a rapidly developing economy.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an taobh a deas Afraga a tha ann am Poblachd Bhotsuana. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd on Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an 1966. Thathar sa bheachd gur Botsuana an dùthaich leis a' choirbteachd as lugha ann an Afraga agus tha a h-eaconamaidh a' leasachadh gu luath.

en: Brandenburgian
gd: Muinntir Brandenburg

en: ?plural:Brandenburgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Brandenburg

en: Formerly the Northern March of East Francia, Brandenburg became an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th century. The rulers of Brandenburg acquired Prussia in 1618 and was absorbed by Prussia in 1701. Brandenburg kept its nominal independence until 1806, when it became a province of Prussia. Currently it is one of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany.
gd: 'S e Crìoch a Tuath Francia an Ear a bha air roimhe agus fhuair e inbhe taghadroinne de dh'Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe san 12na linn. Ghabh riaghlaichean Brandenburg os làimh a' Phruis ann an 1618 agus bha e 'na pàirt dhen Phruis a-mach o 1701. Ghlèidh Brandenburg a cuid neo-eisimeileachd ann an ainm gu ruige 1806 nuair a chaidh a thionndadh 'na mòr-roinn na Pruise. Tha e 'na stàit ann am Poblachd Feadaralach na Gearmailte an-dràsta.

en: Elector %s
gd: Taghadair %s

en: Electress %s
gd: Taghadair %s

en: Breton
gd: Muinntir na Breatainne Bige

en: ?plural:Bretons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Breatainne Bige

en: Known to the Romans as Armorica, Brittany had been Celtic speaking for many centuries before Britons arrived in the peninsula as mercenaries, colonists and refugees in response to the chaos in Gaul and the invasion of Britain by Germanic tribes in the fifth century CE. Over the centuries, use of the Breton language has been pushed towards the west of the peninsula, with people speaking French instead. The Dukedom of Brittany itself was formally annexed to France in 1491.
gd: 'S e Armorica a bha aig na Ròmanaich oirre agus bha sluagh Ceilteach a' fuireach ann fad iomadh linn mus do ràinig na Breatnaich an dùthaich mar saighdearan-duaise, luchd-tuineachaidh agus fògarraich an cois cogadh sa Ghall agus tìr-ghabhail le treubhan Gearmanach ann am Breatainn sa chòigeamh linn. Chaidh a' Bhreatnais a ruagadh a dh'ionnsaigh taobh an iar a' chinn-tìre 's Fraingis a' dol 'na àite. Ghabh an Fhraing os làimh Diùcachd na Breatainne Bige gu foirmeil ann an 1491.

en: British
gd: Muinntir Bhreatainn

en: ?plural:British
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhreatainn

en: The United Kingdom was created in 1707 as a negotiated agreement between the kingdom of England and the kingdom of Scotland. The country - also known as Great Britain - became the leading industrial and maritime power in the 19th century.
gd: Chaidh an Rìoghachd Aonaichte a chruthachadh ann an 1707 an cois aonta eadar Rìoghachd Shasainn agus Rìoghachd na h-Alba. Bha an dùthaich - ris an canar a' Bhreatainn Mhòr cuideachd - 'na cumhachd tionnsgnaidh is mara as motha san t-saoghal san 19mh linn.

en: Pretender %s
gd: Tagarach %s

en: ?female:Pretender %s
gd: ?female:Ban-tagarach %s

en: Lord %s
gd: Tighearna %s

en: Lady %s
gd: Baintighearna %s

en: Briton
gd: Muinntir Bhriotainn

en: ?plural:Britons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhriotainn

en: The Britons were the inhabitants of most of Great Britain during the Iron Age. They spoke Brythonic Celtic languages and are the ancestors of the modern Welsh, Cornish and Breton people.
gd: Bha na Briothonnaich a' fuireach sa mhòrchuid de Bhreatainn is Èirinn ann an Linn an Iarainn. 'S e cànain Cheilteach Bhriothanach a bha aca agus is iad-san sinnsirean nan Cuimreach, nan Còrnach 's nam Breatnach.

en: Chieftain %s
gd: Ceann-feadhna %s

en: ?female:Chieftain %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-feadhna %s

en: Druid %s
gd: Draoidh %s

en: ?female:Druid %s
gd: ?female:Ban-draoidh %s

en: Bruneian
gd: muinntir Bhrùnaigh

en: ?plural:Bruneians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Bhrùnaigh

en: Brunei Darussalam is a country on Borneo in the Malay achipelago. The sultanate dates from the 14th century and became a fairly powerful state a century later thanks to its control of the maritime trade in much of Southeast Asia. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann am Borneo a tha ann am Brùnaigh Dàr as-Salàm am measg nan eileanan Malaidheach. Tha an t-sultanachd a' dol air ais dhan 14mh linn agus bha i 'na stàit chumhachdach mu cheud bliadhna an dèidh sin taing dhan smachd a bha aice air cuid mhath de mhalairt mara ann an Ear-Dheas Àisea. Bha Brùnaigh 'na chosantaireachd Bhreatannach eadar 1888 is 1984.

en: Grand Mufti %s
gd: Mufti Mòr %s

en: ?female:Grand Mufti %s
gd: ?female:Mufti Mhòr %s

en: Bulgarian
gd: Muinntir na Bulgaire

en: ?plural:Bulgarians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Bulgaire

en: Bulgar leader Khan Asparukh led his people into the northern Balkans, and founded Bulgaria in 681. This was the first Slavic nation-state in history.
gd: Ràinig na Bulgairich taobh tuath a' Bhalcain fo stiùireadh Asparuh na Bulgaire agus chuir iad air bhonn a' Bhulgair ann an 681. B' e seo a' chiad stàit-nàisein Shlàbhach san eachdraidh.

en: Burgundian
gd: Muinntir Burgund

en: ?plural:Burgundians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Burgund

en: After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, a Germanic people known as the Burgundians settled in the river valleys of eastern Gaul, lending their name to the region. Centuries later, the Duchy of Burgundy was a prosperous country with the court in Dijon outshining that of Paris. Today, it is one of the regions of France.
gd: Thuinich sluagh Gearmanach air an robh Burgundaich ann an srath na Rèine an dèidh tuiteam Impireachd na Ròimhe an Iar agus chaidh an sgìre ainmeachadh orra. Bha Diùcachd Burgundy 'na dhùthaich bheairteach na ceudan de bhliadhnaichean às dèidh sin, le cliù nas motha aig cùirt Dijon na bha aig cùirt Pharas. 'S sgìre san Fhraing a tha ann an-diugh.

en: Chancellor %s
gd: Seansalair %s

en: ?female:Chancellor %s
gd: ?female:Seansalair %s

en: Formerly Upper Volta, Burkina Faso is a country in inland West Africa. It achieved its independence from France in 1960.
gd: 'S e a' Bholta Uachdarach an t-ainm a bha air Buirciona Faso roimhe, dùthaich am broinn Afraga an Iar. Fhuair e neo-eisimeileachd on Fraing ann an 1960.

en: Burmese
gd: Muinntir Bhurma

en: ?plural:Burmese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhurma

en: The Union of Burma (officially "Myanmar") is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia.
gd: 'S e Aonadh Bhurma (no Miànmar go h-oifigeach) an dùthaich as motha air tìr-mòr ear-dheas na h-Àisea.

en: Burundian
gd: Muinntir Bhurundaidh

en: ?plural:Burundians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhurundaidh

en: A monarchy emerged in the Great Lakes region of East Africa in the 1100s, ruled by a Mwami (king) and several Ganwa (princes). It went through a period of expansion until the 1600s when it encompassed approximately the area of modern-day Burundi. In the late 1700s and early 1800s a succession dispute weakened the monarchy, and by the end of the century it had become a German colony. In the aftermath of World War I the colony fell to Belgium. Following international pressure after World War II, Burundi became an independent nation in January 1962.
gd: Dh'èirich monarcachd ann an sgìre nan Lochan Mòra ann an Afraga an Ear sna 1100an fo riaghladh Mwami (rìgh) agus grunn Ganwa (prionnsan). Chaidh a leudachadh fad greis gu na 1600an nuair a bha e cha mhòr cho mòr 's a tha Burundaidh an-diugh. Chaidh an rìoghachd a lagachadh an cois deasbad còrach-seilbh aig deireadh nan 1700an is toiseach nan 1800an agus bha e 'na thuineachas Gearmailteach aig deireadh na linne. Fhuair a' Bheilg greim air an dùthaich an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir ach fhuair an dùthaich neo-eisimeileachd san Fhaoilleach 1962 ri linn iomairt eadar-nàiseanta an dèidh a' chogaidh.

en: Buryat
gd: muinntir nam Buryat

en: ?plural:Buryats
gd: ?plural:muinntir nam Buryat

en: According to Mongolian historical annals, the Buryats were forest dwelling Mongolian tribes living around Lake Baikal. In 1207 they were subjugated by Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. When the Buryat homeland was annexed to Russia through treaties in 1689 and 1728, they became politically separated from other Mongolians and started developing a distinct national identity. Today, the Buryat Republic is home to the majority of the roughly half-million Buryats in the world as well as the center of Buddhism in Russia.
gd: A-rèir sgrìobhainnean eachdraidheil nam Mongol, b' iad na Buryat na Mongolaich a bha a' fuireach sna coilltean faisg air Loch Baikal. Chaidh an ceannsachadh le Züchi ann an 1207, am mac as sine aig Čingiz Khan. Nuair a ghabh an Ruis os làimh dùthaich nam Buryat air cùmhnantan ann an 1689 is 1728, chaidh an sgaradh o chorr nam Mongolach agus thòisich iad air fèin-aithne eadar-dhealaichte a chruthachadh dhaibh fhèin. Tha a' chuid as motha de na Buryat a' fuireach ann am Poblachd nam Buryat an-diugh, faisg air leth mhillean dhiubh agus tha e am meadhan nan sluaghan Buddhach san Ruis.

en: Californian
gd: Muinntir California

en: ?plural:Californians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir California

en: California is the largest US state by population and economy. First populated by Native Americans, it was colonized by Spanish missionaries in the 18th century. California became a territory of Mexico upon that country's independence. During the Mexican-American War local American settlers proclaimed the 'Bear Flag Republic', which was incorporated into the United States shortly thereafter. The 1848 Gold Rush brought massive numbers of immigrants to California. In the 20th century the state became a center of the world's entertainment and technology industries.
gd: 'S e California an stàit as motha sna Stàitean Aonaichte a-reir sluaigh is na h-eaconamaidh. 'S iad Tùsanaich Aimeireaga a thuinich an sgìre an toiseach agus chaidh a thuineachadh le miseanaraidhean na Spàinnte san 18mh linn. Bha California 'na ranntair aig Meagsago nuair a fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd. Ghairm tuinichean Aimeireagach ionadail 'Poblach Bratach a' Mhathain' rè a' chogaidh eadar Meagsago 's Aimeireaga agus chaidh a dhèanamh pàirt dhe na Stàitean Aonaichte beagan às dèidh sin. Thàlaich Boile an Òir ann an 1848 tuil de dhaoine a Chalifornia. Tha California air a bith an teis-mheadhan gnìomhachas fèisteis agus teicneolais an t-saoghail a-mach on 20mh linn.

en: Sheriff %s
gd: Siorram %s

en: ?female:Sheriff %s
gd: ?female:Ban-siorram %s

en: Cambodian
gd: Muinntir Chambuidea

en: ?plural:Cambodians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chambuidea

en: Kampuchea (known in English as Cambodia) is the modern successor state of the mighty Khmer Empire, which ruled most of the Indochinese Peninsula between the 11th and 14th centuries.
gd: 'S e sìol impireachd chumhachdach nan Cmèarach a tha ann an Cambuidea ar latha, aig an robh smachd air a' chuidh a bu motha de cheann-tìre na Sìne Innseanach eadar a' 11d linn agus an 14mh linn.

en: Cameroonian
gd: Muinntir na Camaruine

en: ?plural:Cameroonians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Camaruine

en: Cameroon is a country in West Central Africa. Colonized by the Germans, it was divided between Britain and France after World War I. It has been independent since 1960.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an Afraga Ear-Mheadhanach a tha ann an Camarun. Chaidh a thuineachadh leis na Gearmailtich agus roinn na Breatannaich 's na Frangaich an dùthaich eatarra às dèidh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir. Fhuair e neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1960.

en: Canadian
gd: Muinntir Chanada

en: ?plural:Canadians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chanada

en: Geographically, Canada is the second largest country in world. The magnetic north pole currently lies on Canadian territory.
gd: 'S e Canada an dàrna dùthaich as motha san t-saoghal a-rèir a cuid talamhainn. Tha pòla a tuath magnaideach ann an Canada aig an àm seo.

en: Cantonese
gd: Yuet

en: ?plural:Cantonese
gd: ?plural:Yuet

en: The Cantonese are a sub-group of the Chinese people originating from Guangdong Province in Southern China comprising about 70 million people. The Cantonese are renowned for their music and food and constitute an important element in Overseas Chinese communities worldwide. They also form a majority of the population in the Special Autonomous Regions of Hong Kong and Macao. In the second century BCE, the Cantonese-dominated kingdom of Nanyue ruled over much of Southern China and dominated Vietnam. In 111 BCE Nanyue was incorporated into Han Dynasty China. Cantonese is the second most spoken Chinese language after Mandarin.
gd: Tha na Yuet 'nam muinntir Shìneach à mòr-roinn Gwóng Dūng ann an taobh a deas na Sìne 's tha faisg air 70 millean dhiubh ann. Tha iad ainmeil air an cuid ciùil agus bìdh agus tha iad pailt am measg nan coimhearsnachdan Sìneach air feadh an t-saoghail. Tha iad cuideachd 'nam mòr-chuid ann an Sgìre Rianachd Shònraichte Hong Kong agus Macàthu. Bha cuid mhòr de thaobh a deas na Sìne agus Bhiet-Nam fo smachd rìoghachd Nàahm Yuht san dàrna linn RC. Rinneadh pàirt de rìoghachd Han na Sìne dhith ann an 111 RC. 'S e i Cantonais an dàrna cànan Sìneach as cumanta an dèidh Mandarin.

en: Cape Verdean
gd: ?plural:muinntir a' Chip Uaine

en: ?plural:Cape Verdean
gd: ?plural:muinntir a' Chip Uaine

en: Cape Verde is an archipelago off the coast of West Africa. Before the islands were settled by the Portuguese in the 15th century they were probably uninhabited. Cape Verde subsequently became a major center for the Atlantic slave trade. The islands declared independence from Portugal in 1975. The Cape Verdean population is of mixed European and African descent.
gd: 'S e buidheann de dh'eileanan far cladach taobh an Iar Afraga a tha sa Cheap Uaine. Tha coltas nach robh duine sam bith a' fuireach ann nuair a chaidh na h-eileanan a thuineachadh leis na Portagailich san 15mh linn. Bha an Ceap Uaine an teis-mheadhan malairt nan tràillean thairis air a' Chuan Siar. Ghairm na h-eileanan neo-eisimeileachd on Phortagail ann an 1975. Tha an sluagh measgaichte, de shinnsireachd Eòrpach agus Afragach.

en: Admiral %s
gd: Àrd-mharaiche %s

en: ?female:Admiral %s
gd: ?female:Ban-àrd-mharaiche %s

en: Castilian
gd: Muinntir Castilla

en: ?plural:Castilians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Castilla

en: Castile emerged to become the most powerful of the medieval Spanish kingdoms. It absorbed Leon and later formed a personal union with Aragon. Its current territory is divided over several autonomous communities of Spain.
gd: 'S e Castilla an rìoghachd a bu chumhachdaiche san Spàinnt aig a' cheann thall sna Meadhan Aoisean. Ghabh e os làimh León agus stèidhich iad aonad pearsanta le Aragón. Tha a cuid àrainn air a roinneadh eadar grunn choimhearsnachdan fèin-riaghlaidh san Spàinnt an-diugh.

en: Catalan
gd: Muinntir na Cataloine

en: ?plural:Catalans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Cataloine

en: During the Middle Ages, Catalan kings conquered and presided over several kingdoms on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Iberian peninsula to parts of Italy and Greece. This confederation/empire became a major naval and trading power in the Mediterranean area. Catalans kept their self-rule after a dynastic union with the neighboring kingdom of Castile, and sided with England and Austria against France and Castile in the Spanish Succession War. In 1713, England signed the Treaty of Utrecht and dropped out of the alliance, and the Catalans were finally defeated in 1714, losing their national rights as a result.
gd: Cheannsaich is riaghlaich rìghrean na Cataloine grunn rìoghachdan air cladach na Mara Meadhanaiche sna Meadhan Aoisean, on cheann-tìre Ìbeireach gu ruige roinnean dhen Eadailt 's na Grèige. Bha an caidreachas/impireachd seo 'na cumhachd mara is malairt mhòr sa Mhuir Mheadhanach. Ghlèidh na Catalonaich am fèin-riaghladh ri linn a' cho-aonaidh le Rìoghachd Castilla agus ghabh i taobh Shasainn 's na h-Ostaire an aghaidh na Frainge 's Castilla ann an Cogadh Còir-Seilbheachd na Spàinnte. Chuir Sasann ainm ri Cùmhnant Utrecht ann an 1713 agus dh'fhàg i an caidreachas agus chaidh na Catalonaich a ruagadh ann an 1714 mu dheireadh thall 's chaill iad na còraichean nàiseanta aca ri linn sin.

en: Celtiberian
gd: Muinntir na h-Ìbeire Ceiltiche

en: ?plural:Celtiberians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Ìbeire Ceiltiche

en: The Celtiberians were a people from East-Central Spain that lived during the last millennium BCE. They were of mixed Celtic and Iberian descent and were defeated by Rome in the Numantian War.
gd: 'S e sluagh o ear-mheadhan na Spàinnte a bha sna h-Ìbeirich Cheilteach rè na linne mu dheireadh ro Chrìost. 'S e sluagh measgaichte a bha ann de shliochd Ceilteach is Ìbeireach agus chaidh an ceannsachadh leis an Ròimh ann an Cogadh Numantia.

en: Central African
gd: Muinntir Meadhan Afraga

en: ?plural:Central Africans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Meadhan Afraga

en: The Central African Republic is a country in Central Africa, formerly known as the French African territory of Ubangi-Shari. It was ruled briefly as a dictatorship in the 70s under Emperor Bokassa I during which it was called the Central African Empire.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann am Meadhan Afraga a tha ann am Poblachd Meadhan Afraga air an robh Ranntair Afragach Frangach Ubangi-Shari roimhe. Chaidh a riaghladh le ceannsalach gu goirid sna 70an, an t-Impire Bokassa I, agus 's e Impireachd Meadhan Afraga an t-ainm a bhiodh oirre rè an ama sin.

en: Central American
gd: Muinntir Meadhan Aimeireaga

en: ?plural:Central Americans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Meadhan Aimeireaga

en: During the colonial era Central America formed the Captaincy General of Guatemala. Central America declared independence from Spain in 1821, shortly joined Mexico, and then formed a federal republic. Struggles between Guatemala and the other provinces and between liberals and conservatives led to the federation's demise. By 1840 the federation had ceased to exist. Later attempts of reunification all failed, though since 1993 the Central American republics cooperate in the Central American Integration System (SICA).
gd: Bha Meadhan Aimeireaga 'na Chaipteanachd Choitcheann Guatamala rè linn an tuineachaidh. Ghairm Meadhan Aimeireaga neo-eisimeileachd on Spàinnt ann an 1821 agus bha e 'na phàirt de Mheagsago fad greiseig mus stèidhich e poblachd fheadarail. Chrìon an caidreachas ri linn còmhstri eadar Guatamala agus nam mòr-roinnean eile agus eadar an sluagh libearalach is caomhnach. Bha an caidreachas air a dhol à bith ann an 1840. Cha do shoirbhich le oidhirpean a cho-aonadh a-rithist idir, ged a tha poblachdan Meadhan Aimeireaga an-diugh ag obair còmhla fon Central American Integration System (SICA) o 1993.

en: Supreme Director %s
gd: Stiùiriche as Àirde %s

en: Supreme Directrice %s
gd: Stiùiriche as Àirde %s

en: Central Lithuanian
gd: Muinntir Meadhan na Liotuaine

en: ?plural:Central Lithuanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Meadhan na Liotuaine

en: People's Commissar %s
gd: ?female:Comasar nan Daoine %s

en: ?female:People's Commissar %s
gd: ?female:Comasar nan Daoine %s

en: Chadian
gd: muinntir na Seàd

en: ?plural:Chadians
gd: ?plural:muinntir na Seàd

en: Cham
gd: Muinntir Campadesa

en: ?plural:Chams
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Campadesa

en: Champa was the name of a group of closely related polities in what is now the southern half of Vietnam. From the time of the earliest historical records, the Champa kings were Hindus who worshipped Shiva in particular. Involved with conflicts with the neighboring Khmer and Dai Viet states for centuries, Champa was essentially subdued by Dai Viet in the late 15th century. By this time, most of the Cham nobility had converted to Islam. The majority of Muslims in modern Vietnam are of Cham ethnicity.
gd: 'S e Champa an t-ainm a bha air badan de pholataidhean far a bheil taobh a deas Bhiet-Nam an-diugh. Bha rìghrean Campadesa 'nan Hionduthaich a bha ag adhradh Śiva gu sònraichte a-rèir nan sgrìobhainnean eachdraidheil. Bha còmhstri eadar Campadesa agus stàitean nan Cmèar 's nan Đại Việt faisg orra fad linntean agus chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Đại Việt aig deireadh na 15mh linne. Bha a; chuid a bu mhotha de dh'uaislean nan Cham air gabhail ri Ioslam aig an àm sin. Tha a' mhòrchuid dhe na Muslamaich ann an Bhiet-Nam an-diugh de shliochd nan Cham.

en: Chananean
gd: Muinntir Chananea

en: ?plural:Chananeans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chananea

en: Reports of chynocephaly (having the head of a dog or jackal) can be traced to Greek Antiquity. The physician Ctesias and the traveler Megasthenes placed them in India. In the middle ages, Giovanni da Pian and Marco Polo made reference to them, while the theologian Ratramnus debated whether they should be considered human or not. Various stories have placed them in Scotland, Canaan, Cyrenaica, and the Andaman Islands. The country 'Chananea' comes from the German poet Walter of Speyer. In the account by Sir John Mandeville, the people were known as the Nacumerians.
gd: Tha aithrisean air cù-cheaphalachd (muinntir air a bheil ceann coin no seacail) a' dol cho fada ri linn àrsaidh na Grèige. Bha an lighiche Ctesias agus an turasaiche Megasthenes a' cumail a-mach gun robh iad a' fuireach sna h-Innseachan. Thug Giovanni da Pian agus Marco Polo iomradh orra sna Meadhan Aoisean agus bha an diadhaire Ratramnus a' deasbad an e mac an duine a tha annta gus nach eil. Tha diofar sgeulachdan ag innse gu bheil iad ann an Alba, Canaan, Cyrenaica agus na h-Eileanan Andaman. 'S e am bàrd Gearmailteach Walter von Speyer a chruthaich an t-ainm 'Chananea' agus a-rèir cunntas Sir John Mandeville, 's e Nacumerians an t-ainm a tha orra.

en: Chechen
gd: Muinntir na Deideine

en: ?plural:Chechens
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Deideine

en: Chechnya is an ancient nation in the Caucasus, currently part of the Russian Federation. In 1588, the Chechens voluntarily subjected themselves as vassals to the Moscovite tsar. Nevertheless, they have repeatedly waged war against Russia. In the 1990s, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, a civil war erupted when Chechen separatists proclaimed an independent Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
gd: 'S e nàisean àrsaidh nam Beanntan Cabhcasach a tha anns an Deideine a tha 'na phàirt de Cho-Nasgadh na Ruise aig an àm seo. Rinn na Deideanaich basaillean do Tsar Moscbha dhibh fhèin gu saor-thoileach ann an 1588. A dh'aindeoin sin, rinn iad cogadh ris an Ruis a-rithist 's a-rithist. Dh'èirich cogadh catharra anns na 1990an an dèidh briseadh an Aonaidh Sovietaich nuair a ghairm sgaradaichean Deideanach Poblachd Neo-Eisimeileach Dheideanach Ichkeria.

en: Chiapanec
gd: muinntir Chiapas

en: ?plural:Chiapanecs
gd: ?plural:muinntir Chiapas

en: Chiapas is a state in southern Mexico. It was governed from Guatemala during the colonial era, but in 1824, after a brief independence, it chose to join Mexico. Chiapas has a sizeable indigenous (predominantly Mayan) population. Much of Chiapas' history has been characterized by struggles between indigenous peasants and the mostly Ladino elite. The state's colonial cities, Mayan peoples and natural wealth have made it one of Mexico's major tourist destinations.
gd: 'S e stàit ann an taobh a deas Meagsago a tha ann an Chiapas. Chaidh a riaghladh o Ghuatamala ann an linn an tuineachais ach ann an 1824, an dèidh greiseig de neo-eisimeileachd, chuir iad romhpa a dhol ann an aonadh le Meagsago. Tha cuid mhath dhen t-sluagh ann an Chiapas 'nan tùsanaich (sluagh Maya mar is trice). Bha còmhstri eadar an sluagh dùthchail tùsanach agus elite nan Ladino rè cuid mhath dhe h-eachdraidh. Leis na bailtean à linn an tuineachais, an sluagh Maya agus na goireasan nàdarra ann, tha fèill mhòr aig an luchd-turais air an stàit.

en: Chickasaw
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Chickasaw

en: ?plural:Chickasaws
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Chickasaw

en: One of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes, the Chickasaw occupied primarily what is today the northern part of the U.S. state of Mississippi at the time of first contact with Europeans. The name "Mississippi" itself originates from a Chickasaw word meaning "Without Source."
gd: Seo aon dhe na treubhan air a bheil Na Còig Treubhan Sìobhalta. Bha còmhnaidh aca gu sònraichte far a bheil taobh tuath na stàite Mississipi sna Stàitean Aonaichte an-diugh nuair a ràinig na h-Eòrpaich. 'S e facal à cànan nan Chickasaw a tha ann am "Mississippi" fhèin 's tha e a' ciallachadh "gun mhàthar-uisge".

en: Chilean
gd: Muinntir na Sile

en: ?plural:Chileans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Sile

en: Chile is located on the south-western coast of South America. Chile declared its independence from Spain in 1810. At the expense of Bolivia, Peru and the indigenous Mapuche people, Chile more than doubled its territory in the 19th century. Often having been more stable and prosperous than its neighbors, Chile currently is the most developed country of Latin America.
gd: Tha an t-Sile air cladach iar-dheas Aimeireaga a Deas. Ghairm iad neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1810. Cheannsaich i àrainn aig Boilibhia, Pearù agus nam Mapuche, buidheann de thùsanaich, cha mhò dà uiread na bha aice roimhe san 19mh linn. Bha i a-riamh nas beairtiche agus nas seasmhaiche na a cuid nàbaidhean agus ri linn sin, 's i an t-Sile an dùthaich as leasaichte ann an Aimeireaga Laideannach an-dràsta.

en: Captain General %s
gd: Caiptean Seanalair %s

en: ?female:Captain General %s
gd: ?female:Caiptean Seanalair %s

en: Chimu
gd: Muinntir Chimor

en: ?plural:Chimu
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chimor

en: Inheritors of the Moche cultural tradition, Chimor began its expansion in the 12th century from the Moche river valley in what is now northern Peru. Their expansion continued until they were halted and conquered by the rising Inka Empire in 1470. Their last king, Minchancaman, was captured and led to the Inka capital Qosqo. Chimu artisans contributed greatly to the manufacture of Inka artistic wares. Until its fall, Chimor controlled perhaps 2/3 of the population of the northern Andes.
gd: Tha na Chimú 'nan oighrean cultar nam Moche agus thòisich iad air an àrainn aca a leudachadh san 12na linn a-mach o shrath Abhainn Moche far a bheil Pearù a Tuath an-diugh. Lean iad orra leis an leudachadh seo gus an do chuir èirigh Impireachd nan Inka stad orra agus chaidh an ceannsachadh leotha ann an 1470. Chaidh an rìgh mu dheireadh aca, Minchancaman, a ghlacadh agus a thoirt do phrìomh bhaile nan Inka, Qosqo. Chuir luchd-ealain nan Chimú gu mòr ri bathar-ealain nan Inka. Mus an do thuit e, bha smachd aig Chimor air cha mhòr dà thrian dhen t-sluagh aig taobh tuath nam Beanntan Andach.

en: Chinook
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Chinook

en: ?plural:Chinooks
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Chinook

en: The Chinook Confederacy was a group of communities with common customs and language. They were a sedentary people living along the Columbia river in present-day Oregon and Washington in the United States. Chinook regional influence can be seen in the fact that their tongue became the base of a pidgin language for trade and communication between Native Americans and Whites throughout Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and all the way to Alaska.
gd: 'S e buidheann de coimhearsnachdan aig an robh na dearbh ghnàthasan is an aon chànan a bh sa Chaidreachas Chinook. Bha còmhnaidh aca air bruachan abhainn Columbia far a bheil Oregon is Washington sna Stàitean Aonaichte an-diugh. Chithear cho cudromach 's a bha iad 's an cànan aca 'na bhun-stèidh do chànan pidgin a chleachadh a chum malairt is conaltraidh eadar nan tùsanaich 's na h-Eòrpaich air feadh Oregon, Washington, British Columbia is tuath gu Alasga.

en: Choctaw
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Choctaw

en: ?plural:Choctaws
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Choctaw

en: One of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes, the Choctaw traditionally occupied much of the middle and south of today's U.S. state of Mississippi. First encountered by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, they became long-time French allies before siding with the Confederate States during the American Civil War. The majority of Choctaw today live in Oklahoma following forced removal from their homeland under president Andrew Jackson in 1831, but there is also a vibrant band in Mississippi made up of Choctaw who managed to escape removal and stay behind. The word "Oklahoma" itself is derived from a Choctaw language term meaning "red people".
gd: Seo aon dhe na treubhan air a bheil Na Còig Treubhan Sìobhalta 's bha còmhnaidh aca gu tradaiseanta ann am meadhan is taobh a deas nan sgìrean far a bheil stàit Mississippi sna Stàitean Aonaichte an-diugh. 'S iad na Spàinntich a thachair riutha an toiseach san 16mh linn agus bha iad ann an caidreachas leis na Frangaich fad ùine mhòr mus do ghabh iad taobh Co-bhanntachd nan Stàitean ann an Cogadh Sìobhalta Aimeireaga. Tha a chuid as motha dhiubh a' fuireach ann an Oklahoma an-diugh as dèidh do riaghaltas nan SA am fuadachadh o dhùthaich an sinnsirean fon Cheann-suidhe Andrew Jackson ann an 1831. Ge-tà, tha coimhearsnachd bhèothail dhiubh ann am Mississippi fhèin fhathast a chaidh a stèidheachadh le Choctaw a theich air falbh aig àm am fuadachadh. 'S e facal Choctaw a tha ann an "Oklahoma" fhèin a tha a' ciallachadh "daoine ruadha".

en: Chola
gd: Muinntir nan Chōla

en: ?plural:Cholas
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Chōla

en: The Cholas were a Tamil dynasty centered in southern India that was unusually influential in northern India. They began as a tributary state to the Pallavas, but in the 9th century their power began to grow. During the 11th century, they led expeditions against other Indian states as far north as Bengal, as well as against the Maldives, Sri Lanka and even the Indonesian kingdom of Sri Vijaya. They collapsed, however, in the 1250s as other southern Indian states rose up.
gd: 'S e tànaisteachd Tamil a bha anns na Chōla taobh a deas nan Innseachan agus bha buaidh annasach aca air na h-Innseachan a Tuath. 'S e treubh a bha annta an toiseach, fo chìsean nam Pallava ach dh'fhàs iad ann an cumhachd san 9mh linn. Thug an t-arm aca ionnsaigh air stàitean eile sna h-Innseachan san 11d linn cho fada tuath ris a' Bheangail agus cuideachd na h-Eileanan Maladaibh, Sri Lanca agus fiù rìoghachd Innd-Innseach Sri Vijaya. Chaidh i à bith ge-tà nuair a dh'èirich stàitean eile ann an taobh a deas nan Innseachan sna 1250an.

en: Chrobatian
gd: Muinntir na Chrobatia

en: ?plural:Chrobatians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chrobatia

en: Priestess %s
gd: Kňažka %s

en: Grand Prince %s
gd: Prionnsa Mòr %s

en: Grand Princess %s
gd: Bana-Phrionnsa Mhòr %s

en: Chumash
gd: Muinntir nan Chumash

en: ?plural:Chumash
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Chumash

en: Inhabiting the Santa Barbara Channel Islands and the southern California coastline between Malibu and Paso Robles inland towards the San Joaquin valley, the Chumash lived in large permanent villages and maintained a semi-monetized economy. These villages came to be ruled by hereditary chiefs, who could be male or female. At time of contact, the population was likely 8-18,000 people, though perhaps as high as 22,000. The Spanish established five missions in Chumash land. As a result of disease and other byproducts of colonial rule, the population fell to less than 3,000 in 1831.
gd: Bha iad a' fuireach air eileanan caolas Santa Barbara agus cladach California a Deas eadar Malibu agus Paso Robles agus a-steach dha dùthaich a dh'ionnsaigh srath San Joaquin. Bha còmhnaidh aca ann an clachain mhòra bhuana agus bha eaconamaidh leth-airgeadaichte aca. Bha na clachain fo riaghladh de cheannardan oighreachail, an dà chuid feadhainn fhireann is bhoireann. Bha eadar 8,000 is 18,000 a shluagh aca nuair a thachair iad ris na Spàinntich no fiù 22,000. Stèidhich na Spàinntich còig taighean-misein air tìr nan Chumash agus mar thoradh air tinneas is buaidhean eile an tuineachais, thuit an sluagh cho ìseal ri 3,000 ann an 1831.

en: Chuvash
gd: Muinntir nan Chuvash

en: ?plural:Chuvashes
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Chuvash

en: Chuvashes are a Turkic ethnic group in Eastern European Russia and Western Siberia. They may be descendants of Old Bulgarian Turkic tribes and possibly Huns. Today there are about 1.8 million Chuvashes, about half of them in the Republic of Chuvashia, which is part of the Russian Federation.
gd: 'S e muinntir Turcach ann an taobh an ear Ruis na Roinn-Eòrpa agus taobh an iar Sibir a tha sna Chuvash. Faodaidh gur iad sìol nan seann treubhan Turcach Bulgaireach agus nan Hunnach. Tha mu 1.8 millean Chuvash ann an-diugh, an dàrna leth dhiubh ann am Poblachd Chuvashia a tha 'na phàirt dhen Chaidreachas Ruiseach.

en: Circassian
gd: ?plural:muinntir Circassia

en: ?plural:Circassians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Circassia

en: The Circassians are the indigenous peoples of the Northwest Caucasus. The Circassian or Adyghe language is part of the Northwest Caucasian language family, related to Kabardian, Abkhaz and Ubykh. The Circassians first emerged as a coherent entity some 6000 years ago. They were rarely politically united; nevertheless they successfully managed to resist countless invasions from great empires throughout their history. Circassians were never fully subjugated in their long history until the middle of the 19th century, when they were defeated and subjected to genocide at the hands of the Russian Empire. Today less than 10% of the Circassian population lives in their original homeland.
gd: 'S iad sluagh tùsail air taobh a tuath nam Beanntan Cabhcasach a tha sna Circassaich. Tha cànan nan Circassach (non nan Adyghe) 'na bhall de theaghlach Cabhcasach Iar-tuathach 's tha dàimh aige ri Kabard, Abchas is Ubykh. Nochd na Circassaich mar aonad air choireigin mu 6,000 bliadhna air ais. Ge-tà, cha robh aonadh poileataigeach aca ro thric ach chaidh aca a chur an aghaidh iomadh iomairt ceannsachaidh thairis air na linntean o impireachdan mòra na h-eachdraidh, Cha deach an ceannsachadh gu tur gu ruige meadhan na 19mh linn nuair a dh'fhulaing iad ceannsachadh is sluagh-mhort fo Impireachd na Ruise. Tha nas lugha na 10% dhen t-sluagh aca a' fuireach 'nan dùthaich thùsail an-diugh.

en: Colombian
gd: Muinntir Coloimbia

en: ?plural:Colombians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Coloimbia

en: Colombia is a country in northern South America. The region was an Amerindian cultural center in pre-European time. The Spanish began settling Colombia's north coast around 1500. In 1819 the Republic of Colombia gained independence.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an taobh a tuath Aimeireaga a Deas a tha ann an Coloimbia. Bha an sgìre an teis-mheadhan cultar dùthchasach nan tùsanach mus do ràinig ne h-Eòrpaich. Thòisich na Spàinntich air cladach a tuath Choloimbia a thuineachadh mun bhliadhna 1500. Fhuair Poblachd Coloimbia neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1819.

en: Comanche
gd: Muinntir nan Nʉmʉnʉ

en: ?plural:Comanches
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Nʉmʉnʉ

en: The Comanche or Numunu are a Native American ethnic group whose historic range (the Comancheria) consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado, northeastern Arizona, southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas.
gd: Tha na Nʉmʉnʉ ('Comanches' na Beurla) 'nam buidheann de thùsanaich Aimeireagach a bha an cuid àrainn (an Comancheria) a' gabhail a-steach taobh ear New Mexico, taobh deas Colorado, taobh ear-thuath Arizona, taobh deas Kansas, Oklahoma gu lèir agus cuid mhath dhen taobh iar-thuath Texas.

en: Comorian
gd: muinntir Chomoros

en: ?plural:Comorians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Chomoros

en: Chairman %s
gd: Cathraiche %s

en: Chairwoman %s
gd: Cathraiche %s

en: Confederate
gd: Muinntir na Co-bhanntachd

en: ?plural:Confederates
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Co-bhanntachd

en: Brazzaville-Congolese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Brazzaville-Congolese

en: ?plural:Brazzaville-Congolese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Brazzaville-Congolese

en: Congolese
gd: Muinntir Chongo

en: ?plural:Congolese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chongo

en: Cornish
gd: Muinntir na Còirne

en: ?plural:Cornish
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Còirne

en: Cornwall is a region in the extreme southwest of England, traditionally the home of the legendary King Arthur.
gd: 'S e sgìre san fhìor iar-dheas Shasainn a tha sa Chòrn far an robh dachaigh Rìgh Artair a-rèir nan sgeulachdan.

en: Corsican
gd: Muinntir Chorsaca

en: ?plural:Corsicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chorsaca

en: For most of its history, Corsica has been ruled by foreign powers. Greeks, Etruscans, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines, Saracens, Lombards, the Papal States and Genoese all held sway over Corsica at one time or another. The 18th century saw a war of independence inspired by Enlightenment values. Pasquale Paoli managed to kick out the Genoese and from 1755 to 1769 Corsica was an independent republic with the first modern constitution in the world. Genoa sold its claim to France, after which a French invasion force defeated the Corsicans and Corsica was incorporated into France.
gd: Bha Corsaca fo smachd dhùthchannan eile air feadh a h-eachdraidh. Bha làmh an uachdar aig na Greugaich, na h-Etruscaich, na Ròmanaich, na Vandalaich, na h-Iar-Ghothaich, na Biosantaich, na Saracenich, na Lombardaich, Stàitean nam Pàpa agus muinntir Genoa aig àm air choireigin. Dh'eirich cogadh airson neo-eisimeileachd san 18mh linn mar thoradh an t-Soillseachaidh. Shoirbhich le Pasquale Paoli muinntir Genoa a ruagadh às an eilan agus bha Corsaca 'na poblachd neo-eisimeileach eadar 1755 is 1769, leis a' chiad bhun-reachd ùr-nòsach san t-saoghal. Reic Genoa an tagradh aige air an eilean dhan Fhraing agus thug feachd nam Frangach buaidh air na Corsaich agus rinn iad pàirt dhen Fhraing dhith.

en: General-in-Chief %s
gd: Capu Generale %s

en: ?female:General-in-Chief %s
gd: ?female:Capu Generale %s

en: Cossack
gd: Muinntir Cosacach

en: ?plural:Cossacks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Cosacach

en: The Zaporozhian Cossacks lived in Zaporozhia, in Central Ukraine. They were a multi-ethnic community with Ruthenians being the dominant element, organized in a military manner.
gd: Bha na Cosacaich Zaporozhia a' fuireach ann an Zaporozhia, meadhan na h-Ucràine. Bha iomadh cinneadh 'nam meas ach 's e na Ruthenianaich an fheadhainn a bu phailte agus bha structar armailteach air an sòisealtas.

en: Costa Rican
gd: Muinntir Chosta Rìcea

en: ?plural:Costa Ricans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chosta Rìcea

en: Costa Rica became an independent republic in 1840. It has been without an army since 1949 and is one of the most democratic and wealthy countries of Latin America.
gd: Fhuair Costa Rìcea inbhe poblachd neo-eisimeileach ann an 1840. Cha robh arm aice a-mach o 1949 agus 's e aon dhen na dùthchannan as deamocrataiche agus as beairtiche ann an Aimeireaga Laidinneach a tha ann.

en: Cree
gd: Muinntir nan Nēhilaw

en: ?plural:Cree
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Nēhilaw

en: The Cree are the largest native group in Canada with over 200,000 members who speak an Algonquian language and often call themselves "Iiyiyuu" or "Iinuu," meaning "people." They originally inhabited much of Quebec, Labrador, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Manitoba.
gd: 'S iad na Nēhilaw ('Cree' na Beurla) am buidheann as motha de thùsanaich ann an Canada le barrachd air 200,000 ball. Tha cànan Algonkin aca agus tha na h-ainmean "Iiyiyuu" no "Iinuu" orra cuideachd agus as ciall dhan dà ainm "na daoine". Bha còmhnaidh aca ann an cuid mhath de Quebec, Labrador, Saskatchewan, Ontario agus Manitoba roimhe.

en: Cretan
gd: Muinntir Chriti

en: ?plural:Cretans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chriti

en: Crete is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, the largest of the Greek Archipelago. In the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE Crete was the site of Europe's first advanced civilization, the Minoan culture. An eruption of nearby Thera destroyed the Minoan civilization. Crete then became part of the Greek cultural realm, and was subsequently conquered by the Romans, Arabs, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottoman Turks. After having been a semi-independent state for 15 years, Crete finally became part of Greece in 1913.
gd: Tha Criti 'na eilean sa Mhuir Mheadhanach, am fear as motha de dh'eileanan na Grèige. Bha aon dhe na sìobhaltasan adhartach a bu sine san Roinn-Eòrpa eadar 3000 is 2000 RC air an eilean, cultar nam Minoanach. Nuair a spreadh beinn-teine faisg orra air eilean Thira, chaidh an cultar a sgriosadh. Bha Criti 'na phàirt dhen Ghreug an uairsin agus chaidh a cheannsachadh an uairsin leis na Ròmanaich, na h-Arabaich, na Biosantaich, na Venetianaich is na Turcaich Otamanach. An dèidh dha a bhith 'na stàit leth-eisimeileach fad 15 bliadhna, chaidh Criti a dhèanamh 'na phàirt oifigeach na Grèige ann an 1913.

en: Crimean Tatar
gd: Muinntir Tatar na Crime

en: ?plural:Crimean Tatars
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Tatar na Crime

en: Historical feudal state on the Crimean Peninsula, existing from the 15th to the 18th century. Crimean Tatars invaded Poland and Russia, which caused wars with Turkey.
gd: 'S e stàit fhiùdalach eachdraidheil air ceann-tìre na Crime a bha seo eadar an 15mh agus an 18mh linn. Thug Tatar na Crime ionnsaigh air a' Phòlainn agus air an Ruis agus dh'adhbharaich seo cogaidhean leis na Turcaich.

en: Croatian
gd: Muinntir na Cròthaise

en: ?plural:Croatians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Cròthaise

en: Croatia is the region of the Southern Slavs that was held by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, rather than coming under Ottoman rule after the collapse of Byzantium. During most of the 20th century it was part of the Yugoslav Federation.
gd: 'S e a' Chròthais sgìre nan Slàbhach Deasach a bha fo smachd Impireachd na h-Ostaire 's na h-Ungaire agus cha do thuit i fo bhuaidh nan Otomanach an dèidh tuiteam Biosaint. Bha i 'na pàirt de Cho-nasgadh nan Iùgoslabh cuid mhòr dhen 20mh linn.

en: Crusader
gd: Ridirean-croise

en: ?plural:Crusaders
gd: ?plural:Ridirean-croise

en: Cuban
gd: Muinntir Chùba

en: ?plural:Cubans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chùba

en: Cuba came under Spanish control in the 16th century. In the following centuries, the island became one of the leading producers of tobacco, sugar and coffee in the world. Cuba was granted nominal independence in 1902.
gd: Fhuair an Spàinnt smachd air Cuba san 16mh linn. Bha an t-eilean am measg nan às-phortaichean de tbombaca, siùcar is cofaidh san t-saoghal. Fhuair Cùba neo-eisimeileachd ann an ainm ann an 1902.

en: Curonian
gd: Muinntir Courland

en: ?plural:Curonians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Courland

en: The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was created as the result of the secularization of the Teutonic Order State. The dukes of Courland were vassals of Poland until its collapse. Duke Jakob Kettler led the failed attempts of colonization in South America and Africa.
gd: Chaidh Diùcachd Courland agus Semigallia a chruthachadh ri linn saoghalachadh Stàit Òrduigh Teutonach. Bha diùcan Courland 'nam basaillean na Pòlainne gus an do thuit e às a chèile. 'S e Diùc Jakob Kettler a' chiad duine a dh'fheuch ri tuineachasan a stèidheachadh ann an Aimeireaga a Deas agus Afraga.

en: Cuyavian
gd: Muinntir Cuyavia

en: ?plural:Cuyavians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Cuyavia

en: Cypriot
gd: Muinntir Chìopras

en: ?plural:Cypriots
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chìopras

en: Cyprus became an independent republic on 16th August 1960. It is a Eurasian island country located in the eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon.
gd: Fhuair Cìopras inbhe poblachd neo-eisimeileach 16mh latha dhen Lùnastal 1960. 'S e dùthaich eadar an Roinn-Eòrpa agus an Àisea a tha ann air taobh an ear na Mara Meadhanaiche, deas air an Tuirc agus iar air Siridhea agus an Leabanon.

en: Cyrenaican
gd: Muinntir Cyrenaica

en: ?plural:Cyrenaicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Cyrenaica

en: Czechoslovakian
gd: ?plural:muinntir na Seic-Slòbhaice

en: ?plural:Czechoslovakians
gd: ?plural:muinntir na Seic-Slòbhaice

en: Czechoslovakia was founded in 1918. It was long the only democracy in Eastern Europe until it was overrun by the Nazis in 1939 and the Soviet Union in 1948. Four years after the fall of communism it was split into the Czech and Slovak republics.
gd: Chaidh an t-Seic-Slòbhaice a chur air chois ann an 1918. B' ise an aon deamocrasaidh ann an taobh an ear na Roinn-Eòrpa fad ùine fhada gus an deach a cheannsachadh leis na Nazithich ann an 1939 agus an Aonadh Sovietach ann an 1948. Ceithir bliadhna an dèidh tuiteam na a' cho-mhaoineis, chaidh a sgaradh ann am Poblachd na Seice is Poblachd na Slòbhaice.

en: Czech
gd: Muinntir na Seice

en: ?plural:Czechs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Seice

en: Today's Czech Republic was until 1993 part of Czechoslovakia, which had been until 1918 part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
gd: Bha Poblachd na Seice mar a tha sinne eòlach air 'na phàirt dhen t-Seic-Slòbhac gu ruige 1993 a bha 'na phàirt de dh'Impireachd na h-Ostaire 's na h-Ungaire.

en: Prophet %s
gd: Fàidh %s

en: Prophetess %s
gd: Ban-fhàidh %s

en: Dahomean
gd: Muinntir Dahomey

en: ?plural:Dahomeans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dahomey

en: The southern third of modern Benin was once a historic kingdom known variously as Agbome (c. 1600 - c. 1700), Danhome (c. 1700 - 1730), and Dahomey (1730 - 1894). In 1730 the country became a tributary of the neighboring kingdom of Oyo. It was conquered by France in the second Franco-Dahomean war (1892 - 1894) and was split into Agbome and Alada.  In the 18th and 19th centuries Dahomey was known for its fierce ahosi (gbeto) warriors: an army of women who were the king's official bodyguards and celibate wives.
gd: Bha an trian a deas de Bheinin 'na rìoghachd eachdraidheil air an robh iomadh ainm, leithid Agbome (mu 1600 - 1700), Danhome (mu 1700 - 1730) agus Dahomez (1730 - 1894). B' fheudar dhan dùthaich cìsean a phàigheadh dha nàbaidh, Rìoghachd Oyo, a-mach o 1730. Chaidh a cheannsachadh leis an Fhraing san dàrna chogadh eadar an Fraing 's Dahomey (1892 - 1894) agus chaidh a roinneadh ann an dà dhùthaich, Agbome agus Alada. Bha Dahomey ainmeil air na  cathaich ahosi (gbeto) fhiadhaich san 18mh is san 19mh linn: arm de bhoireannaich 'nan lèine-chriosan agus mnathan seasganach aig an rìgh.

en: Darfuri
gd: Muinntir Darfur

en: ?plural:Darfuris
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Darfur

en: Djiboutian
gd: Muinntir Dhiobùtaidh

en: ?plural:Djiboutians
gd: ?plural:muinntir Dhiobùtaidh

en: Djibouti is one of the smallest countries of Africa, located on the Gulf of Aden. It has been independent from France since 1977. Djibouti's main ethnic groups are the Afar and the Somalis. The country has one of the hottest climates in the world.
gd: 'S e Diobùtaidh aon dhe na dùthchannan as lugha ann an Afraga, air cladach Camas Aden. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd on Fhraing ann an 1977. 'S iad na h-Afar agus na Somàili na cinnidhean as motha ann. 'S e Diobùtaidh aon dhe na dùthchannan as teotha san t-saoghal.

en: Dominicano
gd: Muinntir Dhoiminicea

en: ?plural:Dominicanos
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dhoiminicea

en: The Dominican Republic is located on the eastern two thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Its capital - Santo Domingo - became the first permanent European settlement in the Americas when it was founded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1498.
gd: Tha Poblachd Dhoiminicea air taobh an ear eilean Hispaniola, dà thrian dhen eilean gu lèir, ann am Muir nan Caraib. Bha am prìomh bhaile - Santo Domingo - 'na chiad thuineachadh Eòrpach buan sna h-Aimeireagan, stèidhichte le Bartolomeo Colombo ann an 1498.

en: Dominican
gd: Muinntir Dhoiminicea

en: ?plural:Dominicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dhoiminicea

en: The island of Dominica was first sighted by Europeans, including Christopher Columbus, in 1493. Legend has it that the island was named so since the day of its first sighting was a Sunday. Officially the "Commonwealth of Dominica", the country should not be confused with the Dominican Republic, another Caribbean nation.
gd: Laigh sùilean muinntir na Roinn-Eòrpa air eilean Dhoiminicea, a' gabhail a-steach Cristoforo Colombo, ann an 1493. A-rèir na sgeulachd, fhuair an t-eilean an t-ainm seo a chionn 's gun faca iad an t-eilean DiDòmhnaich. 'S e "Co-fhlaitheas Dhoiminicea" an t-ainm oifigeach agus cha cho-ionnann e ri Poblachd Dhoiminicea, nàisean eile ann am Muir nan Caraib.

en: Dryad
gd: Muinntir nan Doire-òighean

en: ?plural:Dryads
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Doire-òighean

en: Dryads are creatures of Greek myth; they are a type of nymph associated with trees. Dryads were generally considered to be shy and long-lived. They are usually female and are often depicted as beautiful young women.
gd: 'S e creutairean à fionn-sgeòil nan Greugach a tha sna doire-òighean; 's e seòrsa de dh'ainnirean-craoibhe a tha annad. Bhathar sa bheachd gun robh iad diùid is fad-saoghalach. Tha iad boireann mar is trice agus tha dealbhan dhiubh 'gan sealltainn mar bhoireannaich òga bhòidheach.

en: East German
gd: Muinntir na Gearmailte an Ear

en: ?plural:East Germans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Gearmailte an Ear

en: The German Democratic Republic was founded in the Soviet Occupation Zone of postwar Germany in 1949. It was part of the Soviet dominated eastern bloc during the Cold War. The GDR was known for the Berlin Wall and its vast internal security apparatus, the Stasi. In 1989 the communist regime collapsed and one year later it was annexed to the Federal Republic of Germany.
gd: Chaidh Poblachd Dheamocratach na Gearmailte a chur air bhonn ann an Ceàrn Smachd nan Sovietach sa Ghearmailt an dèidh a' chogaidh ann an 1949. Bha e 'na phàirt dhen bhloca an ear fo smachd nan Sovietach sa Chogadh Fhuar. Bha an GDR ainmeil air Balla Berlin agus an t-eagrachs tèarainteachd tomhaileach, an Stasi. Thuir an rèisim cho-mhaoineach ann an 1989 agus dh'aoin i ri Poblachd Fheadarail na Gearmailte.

en: Enemy of the People %s
gd: Nàmhaid nan Daoine %s

en: ?female:Enemy of the People %s
gd: ?female:Ban-nàmhaid nan Daoine %s

en: Commissar %s
gd: Comasar: %s

en: ?female:Commissar %s
gd: ?female:Ban-chomasar %s

en: East Timorese
gd: Muinntir Thìomor an Ear

en: ?plural:East Timorese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thìomor an Ear

en: A former Portuguese colony, East Timor declared independence in 1975 but was overrun by Indonesian forces shortly thereafter. East Timor became the first newly sovereign state of the 21st century when Indonesia relinquished control on May 20, 2002.
gd: Ghairm Tìomor an Ear, a bha 'na thuicheachas Portagaileach roimhe, neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1975 ach bhris feachdan Innd-Innseach beagan às dèidh sin. B' e Tìomor an Ear a' chiad stàit ùr neo-eisimeileach san 21mh linn nuair a ghèill na h-Innd-Innseachan an dùthaich am 20mh latha dhen Chèitean 2002.

en: Ecuadorian
gd: Muinntir Eacuador

en: ?plural:Ecuadorians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Eacuador

en: Egyptian Arab
gd: Muinntir Arabach na h-Èiphite

en: ?plural:Egyptian Arabs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Arabach na h-Èiphite

en: Modern Egypt is the most populous Middle Eastern country as well as one of the most populous in Africa. It is located on the site of one of the world's most ancient civilizations.
gd: 'S e an Èiphit an dùthaich leis an t-sluagh as motha san Ear-Mheadhan agus ann an Afraga. Tha i far am b' àbhaist do dh'aon dhe na sìobhaltasan as àrsaidh san t-saoghal a bhith.

en: Elamite
gd: Muinntir Elam

en: ?plural:Elamites
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Elam

en: Elam was an ancient civilization located in the area of modern southwest Iran, which arose around 3100 BCE. The Elamite language, written in cuneiform, is of unknown origin. In 643 BCE the Elamite civilization was destroyed by the Assyrians under Assurbanipal.
gd: 'S e sìobhaltas àrsaidh a bha ann an Elam far an robh iar-dheas Ioràn an latha an-diugh. Nochd iad mun bhliadhna 3100 RC ach chan eil cinnt cò às a thàinig an cànan aca, Elamais, a bha 'ga sgriobhadh ann an gèinn-sgrìobhadh. Chaidh sìobhaltas nan Elamach a sgriosadh leis na h-Asirianaich fo Aššurbānipal ann an 643 RC.

en: Emirati
gd: Muinntir nan Iomaratan

en: ?plural:Emiratis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Iomaratan

en: The history of the United Arab Emirates goes back to the 7th century. In the 19th century the Emirates became a dependency of the United Kingdom. In 1971 six emirates joined in a federative state as the United Arab Emirates. The following year, the seventh member emirate joined them.
gd: Tha eachdraidh nan Iomaratan Arabach Aonaichte a' dol air ais dhan 7mh linn. Bha na h-Iomaratan an eisimeil na Rìoghachd Aonaichte san 19mh linn. Chuir sia iomaratan air bhonn stàit fheadarail còmhla ann an 1971 air an robh na h-Iomaratan Arabach Aonaichte. Chaidh an seachdamh iomarat an sàs ann a' bhliadhna às dèidh sin.

en: Epirote
gd: Muinntir Epirus

en: ?plural:Epirotes
gd: ?plural:muinntir Epirus

en: Equatoguinean
gd: ?plural:muinntir Gini Meadhan-chriosach

en: ?plural:Equatoguineans
gd: ?plural:muinntir Gini Meadhan-chriosach

en: Eritrean
gd: Muinntir Eartra

en: ?plural:Eritreans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Eartra

en: Eritrea is a country in eastern Africa which borders Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. It was once the Kingdom of D'mt and was later conquered by Italy. In 1951 it was federated with Ethiopia, which led to the development of an independence movement in the 1960s. In 1991 the 31-year war ended with Eritrea gaining independence.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an Afraga an Ear a tha ann an Eartra agus tha crìochan aice ri Sudàn, an Itiop agus Diobùtaidh. Bha Rìoghachd Dʿmt san àite sin fad air ais agus chaidh a cheannsachadh leis an Eadailt san 20mh linn. Chaidh e an sàs aonaidh fheadarail leis an Itiop ann an 1951 agus dh'adhbharaich sin iomairt airson neo-eisimeileachd sna 1960an. Thàinig cogadh 31 bliadhna gu crìoch ann an 1991 nuair a fhuair Eartra neo-eisimeileachd.

en: Esperant
gd: Muinntir Esperanto

en: ?plural:Esperants
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Esperanto

en: The Esperants are a world community united by the Esperanto language.
gd: 'S e coimhearsnachd an t-saoghail a tha sna h-Esperantistos agus 's e an cànan aca, Esperanto, a tha 'gan aonachadh.

en: Estonian
gd: Muinntir na h-Eastoine

en: ?plural:Estonians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Eastoine

en: Estonia is a small country on the south shore of the eastern Baltic Sea.  Its people and language are closely related to those of Finland.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag air cladach a deas na Mara Baltaiche a tha san Eastoin.  Tha dàimh dhlùth eadar muinntir agus cànan na h-Eastoine agus na Fionnlainn.

en: Etruscan
gd: Muinntir Etruria

en: ?plural:Etruscans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Etruria

en: The Etruscans were an ancient civilization in Etruria, Italy, known for their artistic achievements and building of necropolises. Their language is only partly deciphered and their origins are still debated. They called themselves Rasna and formed a confederation of twelve cities. In the 6th century the Etruscan civilization started to crumble after Roman and Gallic incursions. Rome itself probably originated as a city state that threw off Etruscan domination. As a result, Roman sources often put the Etruscans in a negative light, depicting them as a sexually licentious culture. However, Roman civilization owes a lot to their Etruscan predecessors.
gd: Bha sìobhaltas àrsaidh aig na h-Etruscaich ann an Etruria san Eadailt agus tha iad ainmeil air sgàth nan obraichean-ealain 's bailtean nam marbh a thog iad. Chan eil sinn a' tuigsinn ach cuid dhen chànan aca agus tha deasbad a' dol fhathast a thaobh cò às a thàinig i. 'S e Rasna an t-ainm a bha aca orra fhèin agus bha an dà bhaile deug aca ann an co-nasgadh. Thòisich crìonadh sìobhaltas nan Etruscach san 6mh linn nuair a bhris na Ròmanaich 's na Gallaich a-steach orra. Tha coltas gun robh an Ròimh fhèin 'na bhaile Etruscach a ruaig na h-uachdarain Etruscach aice. Cha robh na sgrìobhadairean Ròmanach dèidheil orra air sgàth sin agus a' fàgail orra gur e cultar gun deagh bheusan a bha aca. Ge-tà, fhuair sìobhaltas na Ròimhe mòran rudan o na h-Etruscaich.

en: European
gd: Muinntir na Roinn-Eòrpa

en: ?plural:Europeans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Roinn-Eòrpa

en: The foundation for the European Union was laid in 1957 with the Treaty of Rome. The EU project has developed since then and is beginning to resemble a fledgeling super state. But the question remains: Does such a thing as a common European identity and nation actually exist?
gd: Chaidh bun-stèidh an Aonaidh Eòrpaich a stèidheachadh ann an 1957 le Cùmhnant na Ròimhe. Chaidh pròiseacht an AE a leasachadh on àm sin agus tha coltas mòr-stàit a' tighinn air sna làithean seo. Ach tha ceist ann fhathast a bheil dearbh-aithne agus nàisean Eòrpach an cumantas againn an dà-rìreadh.

en: Pope %s
gd: Pàpa %s

en: Popess %s
gd: Bana-Phàpa %s

en: Commissioner %s
gd: Coimiseanair %s

en: ?female:Commissioner %s
gd: ?female:Coimiseanair %s

en: Evenki
gd: Muinntir nan Evenki

en: ?plural:Evenks
gd: ?plural:muinntir nan Evenki

en: Faroese
gd: Muinntir Fàro

en: ?plural:Faroese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Fàro

en: Fijian
gd: Muinntir Fhìdi

en: ?plural:Fijians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Fhìdi

en: Fiji is the most populous of the small Oceanian island states. It consists of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and hundreds of smaller islands. Settled by Polynesians, it became a British colony in the 19th century. Fiji has been independent from Britain since 1970. Since then the country's politics have been characterized by ethnic tensions between Indo-Fijians and indigenous Fijians.
gd: 'S i Fìdi an tè leis an t-sluagh as motha am measg stàitean eileanan a' Chuair Sèimh. 'S iad Viti Levu agus Vanua Levu an dà eilean as motha ach tha na ceudan de dh'eileanan beaga ann. Chaidh a thuineachadh leis na Poilinèisich agus rinn Breatann tuineachas dheth san 19mh linn. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd o Bhreatainn ann an 1970. Bha còmhstri cinnidh mhòr eadar na Fìdich Innseanach agus na Fìdich thùsanach ann a-mach o sin.

en: Paramount Chief %s
gd: Tui Viti %s

en: ?female:Paramount Chief %s
gd: ?female:Tui Viti %s

en: Filipino
gd: Muinntir nan Eileanan Filipineach

en: ?plural:Filipinos
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Eileanan Filipineach

en: After centuries of Spanish rule, the Philippines were ceded to the Americans in 1898. They attained home rule in 1935 and independence in 1946.
gd: Chaidh na h-Eileanan Filipineach a ghèilleadh ris na h-Aimeireaganaich ann an 1898 an dèidh linntean fo smachd nan Spàinnteach. Fhuair iad fèin-riaghladh ann an 1935 agus neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1946.

en: Finnish
gd: Muinntir na Fionnlainn

en: ?plural:Finns
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Fionnlainn

en: Finland is a small, cold country on the northern fringe of Europe, noted for exporting timber, cellular phones, and world-class operating systems.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag fhuar aig iomall a tuath na Roinn-Eòrpa a tha san Fhionnlann agus tha cliù aca mar às-phortaichean fiodha, fònaichean-làimhe agus sàr-shiostaman-obrach.

en: ?female:Archbishop %s
gd: ?female:Àrd easbaig %s

en: Flemish
gd: Muinntir na Flannraise

en: ?plural:Flemings
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Flannraise

en: In the Middle Ages, Flanders was a county on the border of France and the Holy Roman Empire. In the 15th century, it came under Habsburg domination and subsequently it became one of the Seventeen Netherlands. Only after its conquest by Revolutionary France was the county legally dissolved. Nowadays the name is applied to the Dutch (or Flemish) speaking part of Belgium.
gd: 'S e dùthaich air crìochan na Frainge 's Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe a bha san Fhlannras sna Meadhan Aoisean. Fhuair Habsburg smachd orra san 15mh linn agus 's e aon dhe na Seachd Tìrean Ìsle Deug a bha ann às dèidh sin. Chaidh cur às dhi mar dhùthaich fon lagh nuair a chaidh a cheannsachadh leis an Fhraing Reabhlaideach. Thathar a' cleachdadh an t-ainm airson roinn na Beilge far a bheilear a' bruidhinn Duitis (no Flannrais) an-diugh.

en: Florentine
gd: muinntir Florence

en: ?plural:Florentines
gd: ?plural:muinntir Florence

en: Captain %s
gd: Caiptean %s

en: ?female:Captain %s
gd: ?female:Caiptean %s

en: Franconian
gd: Muinntir Franconia

en: ?plural:Franconians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Franconia

en: Franconia was one of the stem duchies of the Holy Roman Empire. Founded in the 9th century, unlike the other stem duchies it didn't manage to consolidate itself and by the 12th century it had completely disappeared. Franconia continues to exist as a cultural region in the modern states of Bavaria, Thuringia and Baden-Wuerttemberg.
gd: Bha Franconia am measg nam prìomh dhiùcachdan Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe. Chaidh a chur air bhonn san 9mh linn agus cha do shoirbhich leatha a chumhachd a dhaingneachadh mar a rinn na diùcachdan eile agus cha robh i ann tuilleadh aig deireadh na 12na linn. Tha Franconia ann fhathast mar sgìre chultarach eadar Bavaria, Thuringia agus Baden-Württemberg an latha an-diugh.

en: Prince-Bishop %s
gd: Fürstbischof %s

en: Frankish
gd: Muinntir nam Frankach

en: ?plural:Franks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Frankach

en: Mayor of the Palace %s
gd: Mèar na Lùchairte %s

en: ?female:Mayor of the Palace %s
gd: ?female:Bana-mhèar na Lùchairte %s

en: Frisian
gd: Muinntir na Frìoslainne

en: ?plural:Frisians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Frìoslainne

en: Romans already mentioned the Frisii but historians are unsure whether they were the ancestors of today's Frisians or not. In the early Middle Ages the Frisians controlled a kingdom stretching from the Scheldt to Jutland. Although eventually defeated by the Franks, they kept enjoying the famous Frisian freedom, refusing to recognize the rule of any feudal lord. In the 15th and 16th centuries Frisian territory was eventually carved up, the core becoming a province of the United Netherlands. In 1782 the Estates of Friesland was the first foreign government to recognize the independence of the United States of America.
gd: Thug na Ròmaich iomradh air treubh nam Frisii ach chan eil cinnt am measg eachdraichean am b' iad-san sinnsirean Frìoslannach ar latha gus nach eil. Bha smachd aig na Frìoslannaich air rìoghachd eadar an Scheldt gu Jylland. Ged a thug na Francaich buaidh orra aig a' cheann thall, ghlèidh iad na Saoirsean Frìoslannach cliùmhor agus diùlt iad riaghladh de thighearna fiùdail sam bith. Chaidh ranntair nam Frìoslannach a bhriseadh san 15mh is san 16mh linn aig a' cheann thall agus chaidh pàirt mhòr dheth a dhèanamh 'na mòr-roinn nan Tìrean Ìsle. 'S iad oighreachdan na Frìoslainne a' chiad riaghaltas cèin a dh'aithnich neo-eisimeileachd Stàitean Aonaichte Aimeireaga ann an 1782.

en: Friulian
gd: Muinntir Friuli

en: ?plural:Friulian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Friuli

en: Fulani
gd: Muinntir Fulani

en: ?plural:Fulani
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Fulani

en: Gabonese
gd: Muinntir Ghaboin

en: ?plural:Gabonese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghaboin

en: Gaelic
gd: Muinntir nan Gàidheal

en: ?plural:Gaels
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Gàidheal

en: The Gaels were Celtic people, they may have originated in Spain but were first reported in Ireland. During the Migration Period the Gaels also moved to Scotland. They are the ancestors of the modern Irish, Scots and Manx. Today, Gaelic speaking areas remain in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man and the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
gd: 'S e sluagh Ceilteach a tha sna Gàidheil agus dh'fhaodadh gun dàinig iad às an Spàinnt o thùs ach 's ann an Èirinn a nochd iad a' chiad turas san linn eachdraidheil. Ràinig na Gàidheil Alba is Eilean Mhanainn rè àm imrich na Gàidheal. Tha Gaeil Èireann, Gàidheil na h-Alba is Gael Mhanainn dhen t-sliochd. Tha cànain Ghàidhealach 'gam bruidhinn fhathast ann an Èirinn, Alba, Eilean Mhanainn agus Alba Nuadh ann an Canada.

note: TRANS: Taoiseach = Prime Minister
en: Taoiseach %s
gd: Toisiche %s

en: ?female:Taoiseach %s
gd: ?female:Ban-toisiche %s

en: Galician
gd: Muinntir Gailìsea

en: ?plural:Galicians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghailìsea

en: Galicia is a region in the northwest of Spain, just above Portugal.
gd: 'S e ranntair ann an iar-dheas na Spàinne a tha ann an Gailìsea, dìreach tuath air a' Phortagail.

en: Gallic
gd: Muinntir na Gaille

en: ?plural:Gauls
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Gaille

en: The Gauls were a Celtic people occupying what is now France and Belgium. They lived in chiefdom-level societies that grew increasingly centralized and stratified under the influence of the Greek and Roman merchants and soldiers who came to Gaul. Julius Caesar launched his eight year invasion of Gaul in 59 BCE. He claimed to have killed one million people and enslaved another million out of an original population of three million. The Gauls united and rallied under Vercingetorix, who defeated Caesar at the battle of Gergovia, but was later crushed by him at the battle of Alesia.
gd: 'S e sluagh Ceilteach a bha sna Gallaich agus bha iad a' fuireach far a bheil an Fhraing 's a' Bheilg an-diugh. Dh'atharraich an sòisealtas o threubhan fo chinn-fheachd gu sòisealtas le riaghaltas meadhanaichte agus le fillidhean sòisealta fo bhuaidh nam marsantach is saighdearan Greugach is Ròmanach a thàinig dhan Ghall. Bhris Iulius Caesar a-steach air a' Ghall ann am 59 RC agus mhair an iomairt ochd bliadhna. Tha Caesar a' cumail a-mach gun do mharbh e millean duine agus gun do rinn e tràillean de mhillean eile a-mach à sluagh tùsail de thrì milleanan. Thàinig na Gallaich còmhla fo cheannardas Vercingetorix a thug buaidh air Caesar aig Blàr Gergovia ach chaidh an ruagadh gu tur às a dhèidh sin aig Blàr Alesia.

en: Gambian
gd: muinntir na Gaimbia

en: ?plural:Gambians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Gaimbia

en: The Gambia is a small country in West Africa, straddling both banks of the Gambia river. It achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965.
gd: Tha a' Ghaimbia 'na dùthaich bheag ann an taobh an iar Afraga. Tha e a' leantainn dà bhruach abhainn Ghaimbia. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd on Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an 1965.

en: Genoese
gd: muinntir Genoa

en: ?plural:Genoese
gd: ?plural:muinntir Genoa

en: Georgian
gd: Muinntir na Cairtbheile

en: ?plural:Georgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Cairtbheile

en: The Georgians were one of the first peoples in history to adopt Christianity, in the 300s CE.
gd: B' iad na Cairtbheilich aon dhe na sluaghan a ghabh ri Crìostaidheachd tràth san eachdraidh sna 300an AD.

en: Presbyter %s
gd: Preasbadair %s

en: ?female:Presbyter %s
gd: ?female:Bana-phreasbadair %s

en: Great Warrior %s
gd: Gaisgeach Mòr %s

en: ?female:Great Warrior %s
gd: ?female:Bana-ghaisgeach Mhòr %s

en: German Belgian
gd: Muinntir Ghearmailteach na Beilge

en: ?plural:German Belgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghearmailteach na Beilge

en: Germanic
gd: Muinntir na Gearmaine

en: ?plural:Germanics
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Gearmaine

en: Ghanaian
gd: Muinntir Ghàna

en: ?plural:Ghanaian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghàna

en: Ghana takes its name from the old Ghana Empire. Known as the Gold Coast by the Europeans, the Portuguese, Dutch and Swedes founded outposts but in the 19th century Ghana became a British colony. In 1957 Kwame Nkrumah proclaimed Ghana's independence.
gd: Tha ainm na dùthcha, Gàna, a' tighinn o sheann Impireachd Ghàna. 'S e Costa an Òir a bha aig na h-Eòrpaich oirre agus stèidhich na Portagailich, na Duitsich agus na Suainich gearastain ann ach 's e tuineachas Breatannach a bha innte san 19mh linn. 'S e Kwame Nkrumah a ghairm neo-eisimeileachd Ghàna ann an 1957.

en: Ghana
gd: Muinntir Ghàna

en: ?plural:Ghana
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghàna

en: Ghana %s
gd: Gàna %s

en: ?female:Ghana %s
gd: ?female:Gàna %s

en: Ghaznavid
gd: Muinntir Ghazna

en: ?plural:Ghaznavids
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghazna

en: Golden Horde
gd: Muinntir an t-Sluaigh Òir

en: ?plural:Golden Horde
gd: ?plural:Muinntir an t-Sluaigh Òir

en: Gothic
gd: Muinntir nan Gothach

en: ?plural:Goths
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Gothach

en: Greater Polish
gd: Muinntir na Mòr-Phòlainne

en: ?plural:Greater Poles
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Mòr-Phòlainne

en: Greater Poland or Wielkopolska is a historic and geographic region of central-western Poland.
gd: Tha a' Mhòr-Phòlainn no Wielkopolska 'na ranntair eachdraidheil is cruinn-eòlach ann an iar-mheadhan na Pòlainne.

en: Greenlander
gd: Muinntir na Graonlainne

en: ?plural:Greenlanders
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Graonlainne

en: Grenadian
gd: Muinntir Ghreanàda

en: ?plural:Grenadians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghreanàda

en: Grenada is an island nation in the Caribbean. It gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The main island was known as Camahogne by the indigenous Caribs.
gd: 'S e nàisean eilein ann am Muir nan Caraib a tha ann an Greanàda. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd on Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an 1974. 'S a Camahogne an t-ainm a bha aig na Caraibich thùsail air a' phrìomh eilean.

en: Guanche
gd: Muinntir nan Eileanan Canàrach

en: ?plural:Guanches
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Eileanan Canàrach

en: The Guanches were the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands. Little is known of their origins, but it appears that they were related to the Berbers. In the 15th century they were subjugated by Castile.
gd: 'S iad na Guanches sluagh tùsail nan Eileanan Canàrach. Chan eil cus fios cò às a thàinig iad ach tha coltas gun robh dàimh aca ris na Beirbearaich. Chaidh an ceannsachadh le rìghrean Castilla san 15mh linn.

en: Guarani
gd: Muinntir nan Guaraní

en: ?plural:Guarani
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Guaraní

en: Numbering perhaps as many as 400,000 people at the time of European contact, the Aba (more popularly known as Guarani) lived primarily in what is now Paraguay in agricultural villages. Today their Guarani language is spoken by over 4 million people and is an official language of the nation of Paraguay.
gd: Bha fiù 400,000 Aba (ris an canar na Guaraní nas trice an-diugh) beò ann am bailtean àiteachais nuair a ràinig na h-Eòrpaich an t-àite far a bheil Paraguaidh an-diugh. Tha barrachd air 4 millean duine a' bruidhinn Guaraní an-diugh agus tha i 'na cànan oifigeach ann am Paraguaidh.

en: Guatemalan
gd: Muinntir Ghuatamala

en: ?plural:Guatemalans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghuatamala

en: The ancient heartland of the Mayas, Guatemala was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century. It became independent in 1821 but was part of the United States of Central America until 1840. It has endured political turmoil for much of its history. Guatemala lived through one of the most brutal civil wars of the 20th century until a peace agreement was signed in 1996.
gd: Bha Guatamala an teis-mheadhan dùthaich àrsaidh nam Maya agus chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Spàinntich san 16mh linn. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1821 ach bha i 'na pàirt Stàitean Aonaichte Aimeireaga a Deas gu ruige 1840. Bha i a' fulang còmhstri phoileataigeach fad cuid mhòr dhe h-eachdraidh. Thachair aon dhe na cogaidhean catharra a b' fhuiltiche na 20mh linne ann gus an deach aonta sìthe a shoidhneadh ann an 1996.

en: Guinean
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghini

en: ?plural:Guinean
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ghini

en: Gupta
gd: Muinntir Gupta

en: ?plural:Gupta
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Gupta

en: The Gupta Empire was one of the great classical empires. It ruled northern India from around 240 to 550 CE.
gd: 'S e Impireachd Gupta aon dhe na h-impireachdan mòra clasaigeach. Riaghlaich i na h-Innseachan a Tuath eadar 240 agus 550 AD.

en: Guyanese
gd: Muinntir Ghuidheàna

en: ?plural:Guyanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Guidheàna

en: Originally inhabited by the Arawk, Guyana was colonized by the Dutch but became a British colony after the Napoleonic Wars. It gained independence in 1966. Under Forbes Burnham Guyana became a Marxist oriented country, but in the 1980s it started its transition to a market democracy.
gd: 'S e na h-Arawak a bha a' fuireach ann an Guidheàna  o thùs ach chaidh a thuineachadh leis na Duitsich agus bha i 'na tuineachas Breatannach an dèidh Cogaidhean Napoleon. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1966. Bha Guidheàna a' dol dhan taobh Marxach fo Forbes Burnham ach thòisich air dol a dh'ionnsaigh deamocrasaidh na margaide sna 1980an.

en: Executive President %s
gd: Ceann-suidhe Gnìomarach %s

en: ?female:Executive President %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-suidhe Gnìomarach %s

en: Haitian
gd: Muinntir Haidhti

en: ?plural:Haitians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Haidhti

en: A slave rebellion led Haiti to independence in 1804. It was the first independent black republic and the second independent country in the Americas.
gd: Choisinn Haidhti neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1804 ri linn aramach nan tràillean. B' ise a' chiad phoblachd fo smachd dhaoine dubha agus an dàrna dùthaich neo-eisimeileach sna h-Aimeireagan.

en: President-for-Life %s
gd: Ceann-suidhe fad beatha %s

en: ?female:President-for-Life %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-suidhe fad beatha %s

en: Hanoverian
gd: Muinntir Hannover

en: ?plural:Hanoverians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Hannover

en: Hanover was a state in Northern Germany, in current Lower Saxony. From 1714 to 1837 Hanover and the United Kingdom were united in a personal union. In 1866 it was gobbled up by Prussia.
gd: 'S e stàit sa Ghearmailt a Tuath a bha ann an Hannover agus tha e ann an Saxony Ìochdarach an-dràsta. Bha Hannover agus an Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an co-aonadh pearsanta eadar 1714 agus 1837. Chaidh a ghabhail os làimh leis a' Phruis ann an 1866.

en: Princess-Bishop %s
gd: Bana-Phrionnsa Easpaig %s

en: Han
gd: Muinntir nan Hàn

en: ?plural:Han
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Hàn

en: The Han people are the majority ethnic group in China, tracing their lineage back to "Yandi" (the Yan Emperor) and "Huangdi" (the Yellow Emperor), legendary god-kings of prehistory.
gd: 'S iad na Hàn an cinneadh as motha san t-Sìn agus tha an sinnsireachd a' dol air ais gu "Yándì" (an t-Impire Yán) agus "Huángdì" (an t-Impire Buidhe), dia-rìghrean seann sgeulach nan linntean ro-eachdraidheil.

en: Empress Dowager %s
gd: Ban-Impire Comharbaidh %s

en: Hanseatic
gd: Muinntir Lìg na Hanse

en: ?plural:Hanseatic League
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lìg na Hanse

en: The Hanseatic League was a powerful alliance of trading cities which existed from the 12th to the 19th century. Hanseatic cities were found in the North Sea and Baltic regions. Members of the league had their own law system and occasionally the Hansa went to war with rival powers.
gd: 'S e caidreachas cumhachdach de bhailtean malairt a bha ann an Lìg na Hanse eadar an 12na linn agus an 19mh linn. Bha bailtean na Hanse air cladach na Mara a Tuath agus na Baltach. Bha an cuid laghan fhèin aig an lìg agus rinn iad cogadh ris na nàimhdean aca.

en: Hasinay
gd: Muinntir nan Hasínay

en: ?plural:Hasinay
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Hasínay

en: A Caddoan political league from East Texas, the Hasinay Confederacy consisted of a group of agricultural villages. Though they were involved in trade networks connecting them with people as far west as the Puebloan polities of the American Southwest, their cultural ties were more strongly in line with the other mound-building cultures of the Southeast. The word Texas is derived from Caddoan word for "Friend."
gd: 'S e buidheann de chlachain àiteachais a bha san Cho-nasgadh Hasínay, lìg phoileataigeach nan Caddo. Ged a bha iad an sàs lìonraidhean malairt a bha a' sìneadh cho fada ri coimhearsnachdan nam Pueblo ann an iar-dheas Aimeireaga, bha dàimh chultarach na bu làidire aca ri cultaran an ear-dheas a thogadh tomain. Tha ainm na mòr-roinne Texas a' tighinn on fhacal Caddo airson "caraid."

en: Hawaiian
gd: Muinntir Hawai'i

en: ?plural:Hawaiians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Hawai'i

en: The Kingdom of Hawaii was established in 1810 by King Kamehameha the Great. Abolished in 1893, and subsequently annexed to the United States, the former kingdom became the 50th state of the United States on August 21, 1959.
gd: Chaidh Rìoghachd Hawai'i a stèidheachadh ann an 1810 le Rìgh Kamehameha Mòr. Thàinig e gu crìoch ann an 1893 agus chaidh an rìoghachad fhilleadh a-steach sna Stàitean Aonaichte mar an 50mh stàit dhe na Stàitean Aonaichte 21mh dhen Lùnastal 1959.

en: Hellenic
gd: Muinntir Poblachd na Grèige

en: ?plural:Hellenes
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Poblachd na Grèige

en: The Hellenic Republic - also known as Greece - was created when the Hellenic people gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832.
gd: Chaidh Poblachd na Grèige - air a bheil dìreach a' Ghrèig cuideachd - a chruthachadh nuair a fhuair na Greugach neo-eisimeileachd o Impireachd nan Otomanach ann an 1832.

en: Helvetian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Helvetia

en: ?plural:Helvetians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Helvetia

en: Hephthalite
gd: Muinntir Hephthalite

en: ?plural:Hephthalites
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Hephthalite

en: Hessian
gd: Muinntir Hessen

en: ?plural:Hessians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Hessen

en: Hesse became a landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th century. In the 16th century it splintered into a number of smaller territories. Many Hessians fought in the American Revolution as mercenaries on both sides. Currently Hesse is one of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany.
gd: Bha Hessen 'na Landgrafschaft aig Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe san 13s linn. Bhris i ann an grunn ranntairean na bu lugha san 16mh linn. Bha mòran dhaoine à Hessen a' sabaid san Reabhlaid Aimeireaganach air an dà thaobh. The Hessen 'na stàit ann am Poblachd Fheadarail na Gearmailte an-diugh.

en: Landgrave %s
gd: Landgraf %s

en: Landgravine %s
gd: Landgräfin %s

en: Himyarite
gd: Muinntir Mamlakat Ħimyâr

en: ?plural:Himyar
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mamlakat Ħimyâr

en: The Himyar were originally a mountain tribe in what is now Yemen that conquered the other South Arabian kingdoms, including Sabaea in 115 BCE, which were rich from the incense trade. The Himyar were castle-builders, finding it necessary to erect citadels to protect against Bedouin raids. The Axumite kingdom from Ethiopia ruled Sabaea from 340 to 378 CE, but the area was reconquered by Himyar forces in 525. The fall of the nation was a slow process involving the Christian states of Axum and the Byzantine Empire on one side, the Mandean Sassanid Empire of Persia on the other, and various South Arabian factions split between. The country switched from Axumite rule to Sassanid in 575 and in 628, the fifth Sassanid satrap of "al-Yaman" converted to Islam and Southern Arabia was incorporated into the new, expanding Muslim empire.
gd: Bha na Ħimyâr 'nan treubh nam beanntan far a bheil an Eaman an-diugh agus cheannsaich iad na rìoghachdan Arabach eile san taobh a deas, a' gabhail a-steach Sabaea ann an 115 RC, a bha beairteach le malairt na tùise. 'S e luchd-togail chaistealan a bha sna Ħimyâr; b' fheudar dhaibh torr-chathraichean a thogail mar dhìon an aghaidh creachan nam Bedouin. Bha Sabaea fo smachd rìoghachd Axum san Itiop eadar 340 agus 378 AD ach chaidh an sgìre ath cheannsachadh le feachdan Ħimyâr ann an 525. Chrìon an nàisean mean air mhean fo bhuaidh nan stàitean Crìostaidh Axum agus Biosaint air an dàrna taobh agus Impireachd Mandeach Sassanideach na Peirse agus grunn bhuidhnean Arabach air an taobh eile. Ghluais smachd air an dùthaich o Axum gu làmhan nan Sassanideach ann an 575 agus ghabh an còigeamh satrap Sassanideach "al-Yaman" ri Ioslam ann an 628 agus bha Aràibia a Deas 'na pàirt dhen Impireachd Mhuslamach on àm sin.

en: Holy Roman
gd: Muinntir Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe

en: ?plural:Holy Romans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe

en: The Holy Roman Empire was considered the successor to the Roman Empire, but as Voltaire once quipped it was neither Holy, nor Roman nor even less an Empire. Nonetheless it proved to be extremely durable, and lost territory only very slowly. For most of its existence it was a complex patchwork consisting of an uncountable number of counties, duchies, electorates, imperial free cities and other territories. In 1806 it was dissolved by Napoleon and replaced by the Confederation of the Rhine.
gd: Bhathar a' coimhead air Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe mar shìol Impireachd na Ròimhe ach mar a thuirt Voltaire ann an gearradh-cainnte turas, cha robh e naomh, Ròmanach no fiù 'na impire. Co-dhiù no co-dheth, mhair e ùine fhada agus cha do chaill i talamh ach mean air mhean. 'S e breacan sparragach de siorrachdan, diùcachdan, raoinnean-taghaidh, bailtean impireil saora agus ranntairean eile gun àireamh a bha ann. Chaidh a leigeil mu sgaoil le Napoleon ann an 1806 agus chuir e Co-nasgadh na Rèine 'na h-àite.

en: Papal
gd: Muinntir Stàitean a' Phàpa

en: ?plural:Papal States
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Stàitean a' Phàpa

en: The Papal States were the territories on the Italian Peninsula and elsewhere under the direct sovereign rule by the Roman Catholic popes. Established in the 8th century CE from territory donated to the Church by the pious and the wealthy, the Papal States grew to become the dominant power in Italy for centuries.
gd: 'S e ranntairean san Eadailt agus ann an àitichean eile a bha fo smachd dìreach nam Pàpa san Ròimh a bha sna Stàitean Pàpanach. Chaidh an stèidheachadh san 8mh linn AD air talamh a chaidh a thoirt dhan Eaglais mar thìodhlac le daoine cràbhach is beairteach agus dh'fhàs iad cho mòr 's gum b' iad-san na stàitean a bu chumhachdaiche san Eadailt fad linntean.

en: Antipope %s
gd: Ana-Phàpa %s

en: Antipopess %s
gd: Ana-Phàpa %s

en: Grand Master %s
gd: Maighstir Mòr %s

en: Grand Mistress %s
gd: Bana-Mhaighstir Mòr %s

en: Honduran
gd: Muinntir Hondùras

en: ?plural:Hondurans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Hondùras

en: Honduras has been an independent republic since the dissolution of the Central American Federation in 1840. The archetypical 'banana republic', periods of dictatorship and of more or less democratic rule have followed each other. Its current constitution was adopted in 1982.
gd: Tha Hondùras air a bhith 'na poblachd neo-eisimeileach on a chaidh Co-nasgadh Meadhan Aimeireaga a leigeil mu sgaoil ann an 1840. Tha i 'na phrìomh shamhla air 'poblachd banana', ag falbh 's a' tilleadh eadr ceannsalachdan agus riaghaltas deamocratach no car deamocratach. Ghabh iad ris a' bhun-reachd làithreach aca ann an 1982.

en: Hopi
gd: Muinntir nan Hopi

en: ?plural:Hopis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Hopi

en: A matrilineal culture in North America, who claim descent from the Hisatsinom. The Hopi live today on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona.
gd: Tha iad 'nan cultar màthair-loidhneach ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath agus tha iad a' cumail a-mach gur ann de shliochd nan Hisatsinom, muinntir nam Pueblo, a tha iad. Tha iad a' fuireach air Raon Glèidhte nan Hopi ann an ear-thuath Arizona.

en: Hungarian
gd: Muinntir na h-Ungaire

en: ?plural:Hungarians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Ungaire

en: Legend says that Hungary was founded by Arpad in the 9th century.
gd: Chaidh an Ungair a stèidheachadh le Árpád san 9mh linn a-rèir nan seann sgeulachdan.

en: Iberian
gd: Muinntir na h-Ìbeire

en: ?plural:Iberians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Ìbeire

en: The Iberians were non-Indo-European inhabitants of the ancient Iberian Peninsula. Very little is known about their history. They were subjugated by Rome in the last centuries BCE.
gd: 'S e sluagh nach robh 'nan Innd-Eòrpaich a bha sna h-Ìbeirich air ceann-tìre na h-Ìbeire o shean. Chan eil sin ro eòlach air an eachdraidh. Chaidh an ceannsachadh leis an Ròimh anns na linntean mu dheireadh RC.

en: Icelandic
gd: Muinntir Innis Tìle

en: ?plural:Icelanders
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Innis Tìle

en: Iceland was long one of the largest uninhabited islands in the world, until it was settled by Norwegian Vikings in the late 9th century. The island was kept initially under the Norwegian and later the Danish crown until independence from Denmark in 1944.
gd: Tha Innis Tìle am measg nan eilean as motha san t-saoghal nach deach a thuineachadh fad ùine mhòr. Chaidh a thuineachadh le Lochlannaich na Nirribhidh san 9mh linn aig a' cheann thall agus bha an t-eilean fo smachd crùn na Nirribhidhe agus an uairsin na Danmhairge gus an d' fhuair iad neo-eisimeileachd on Danmhairg ann an 1944.

en: Illyrian
gd: Muinntir Illyria

en: ?plural:Illyrians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Illyria

en: Illyrians were Indo-European tribes who appeared in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula before 1000 BCE, including Corcyra island and Ambracia bay in prehistoric Epirus to the south. They mixed with Thracians in Dardania to the east, and settled Messapia across the Adriatic Sea. Illyrian kingdoms were independent for centuries, until conquered by the Roman Republic.
gd: Bha na h-Illyrich 'nan treubhan Innd-Eòrpaich a nochd ann an taobh an iar a' Bhalcain ron bhliadhna 1000 RC, a' gabhail a-steach Eilean Corcyra agus Bàgh Ambracia ann an Epirus ro-eachdraidheil san deas. Cho-mheasgaich iad le muinntir Thrace ann an Dardnia san ear agus thuinich iad ann an Messapia air taobh thall na Mara Adriatach. Bha grunn rìoghachdan Illyriach neo-eisimeileach ann fad linntean mus deach an ceannsachadh le Poblachd na Ròimhe.

en: Indo-European
gd: Muinntir nan Innd-Eòrpach

en: ?plural:Indo-Europeans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Innd-Eòrpach

en: Inuit
gd: Muinntir Nunavut

en: ?plural:Inuits
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nunavut

en: The Inuits are a group of peoples inhabiting the Arctic areas of North America and Siberia. The Canadian territory of Nunavut has a majority population of Inuits; the name of the territory means "our land" in Inuktitut.
gd: 'S e buidheann de chinnidhean a tha sna h-Inuit a tha a' fuireach sna sgìreach Artaigeach Aimeireaga a Tuatha agus na Sibìre. Tha na h-Inuit 'nam mòr-shluaigh san ranntair Chanadach Nunavut agus 's ciall dhan ainm sin "ar dùthaich" ann an Inuktitut.

en: Iranian
gd: Muinntir Ioràn

en: ?plural:Iranians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ioràn

en: Iran means "Land of the Aryans" - long known as Persia in the Western world. The country is today an Islamic Republic and a major power in the Middle East.
gd: 'S ciall do dh'Ioràn "Dùthaich nan Aryanach" agus 's e a' Pheirse an t-ainm a tha aig muinntir an Iar oirre. 'S e poblachd Ioslamach a tha san dùthaich an-diugh agus cumhachd mhòr san Ear-Mheadhan.

en: Ayatollah %s
gd: Āyatollāh %s

en: ?female:Ayatollah %s
gd: ?female:Āyatollāh %s

en: Iraqi
gd: Muinntir Ioràc

en: ?plural:Iraqis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ioràc

en: Iraq was founded after the fall of the Ottoman empire. It is encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
gd: Chaidh Ioràc a chur air bhonn an dèidh tuiteam Impireachd nan Otomanach. Tha e a' gabhail a-steach sgìre àrsaidh Mesopotamia aig comar nan aibhnichean Hidecel is Euphràtes.

en: Irish
gd: Muinntir na h-Èireann

en: ?plural:Irish
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Èireann

en: Ireland held out against the Romans and Vikings but was conquered by the Normans in 1171.  It was ruled by the English until 1922 when most of the country was granted limited autonomy, becoming a republic in 1949.  The North of Ireland was settled in the 17th century by Scottish and English planters and is now part of the United Kingdom.
gd: Sheas Èirinn ris na Ròmanaich agus na Lochlannaich ach chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Nòrmandaich ann an 1171. Bha i fo smachd nan Sasannach gu ruige 1922 nuair a fhuair cha mhòr an dùthaich air fad fèin-riaghladh cuingichte agus tha i air a bhith 'na poblachd a-mach o 1949. Chaidh Èirinn a Tuath a thuineachadh le Albannaich is Sasannaich san 17mh linn agus tha i 'na pàirt dhen Rìoghachd Aonaichte a-nis.

en: Israeli
gd: Muinntir Iosrael

en: ?plural:Israelis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Iosrael

en: The nation of Israel was founded in 1948 as a scattered collection of cantons in British Palestine, and has gradually expanded through winning wars in 1948, 1967 and 1973.
gd: Chaidh nàisean muinntir Iosrael a chur air bhonn ann an 1948 mar badan sgapte de sgìrean ann am Palastain Bhreatainn agus chaidh a leudachadh mean air mhean 's i a' toirt buaidh ann an grunn chogaidhean ann an 1948, 1967 agus 1973.

en: Rabbi %s
gd: Rabaidh %s

en: ?female:Rabbi %s
gd: ?female:Rabaidh %s

en: Israelite
gd: Muinntir Iosrael

en: ?plural:Israelites
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Iosrael

en: Judge %s
gd: Britheamh %s

en: ?female:Judge %s
gd: ?female:Bana-bhritheamh %s

en: Ivoirian
gd: Muinntir a' Chosta Ìbhri

en: ?plural:Ivoirian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir a' Chosta Ìbhri

en: Jaffna
gd: Muinntir Jaffna

en: ?plural:Jaffnas
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Jaffna

en: Jamaican
gd: Muinntir Dhiameuga

en: ?plural:Jamaicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dhiameuga

en: Columbus landed on Jamaica in 1494. The island was colonized by the Spanish but in 1655 it was conquered by the English, who turned the island into a slave-based plantation economy. Slavery was abolished in 1834. The country became an independent country within the Commonwealth in 1962. Jamaica is famous around the world for its music; genres such as reggae and ska originated on the island.
gd: Thàinig Cristoforo Colombo air tìr ann an Diameuga ann an 1494. Chaidh an t-eilean a thuineachadh leis na Spàinntich ach chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Sasannaich ann an 1655 a stèidhich eaconamaidh planntachaidh air obair nan tràillean. Chaidh a chur às dhan tràillealachd ann an 1834. Fhuair an dùthaich neo-eisimeileachd am broinn a' Cho-fhlaitheis ann an 1962. Tha Diameuga ainmeil air a cuid ciùil air feadh an t-saoghail; dh'fhàs ceòl mar reggae agus ska air an eilean.

en: Jolof
gd: Muinntir Jolof

en: ?plural:Jolof
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Jolof

en: Also called Wolof, the Kingdom was formed between the Senegal and Gambia rivers in the 14th century. The King, or Burba Jolof, was beholden to a handful of powerful regional noblemen who acknowledged kinship with the king but developed personal power bases as well. By the early 1500s, the Burba Jolof could field as many as 100,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. Fulani and Berber incursions coupled with political weakness eroded away the power of the Burba Jolof. Various Wolof-speaking states established unions with one another, with their heads assuming the powers of Burba Jolof. The 19th century brought with it French colonization and a conversion to Islam fueled in large part by anti-European sentiment.
gd: Tha Wolof aig daoine air cuideachd agus bha an rìoghachd seo eadar aibhnichean Sheanagail is Ghaimbia san 14mh linn. Bha an rìgh, no am Burba Jolof, an comain àireamh de dh'uaislean cumhachdach ionadail a dh'aidich dàimh ris an rìgh ach aig an robh bun-stèidhean cumhachd phearsanta cuideachd. B' urrainn dhan Bhurba Jolof mu 100,000 coisridh agus 10,000 eachraidh a chur gu blàr aig toiseach nan 1500an. Chrìon a cumhachd an cois briseadh a-steach nam Fulani 's nam Beirbear agus laigse phoileataigeach. Rach diofar stàitean Wolof an sàs co-aonaidhean le chèile agus gach ceannard aca a' gabhail àite a' Bhurba Wolof. Thàinig na Frangaich san 19mh linn agus tuineachas 'nan cois agus gu ìre, thug sin brosnachadh dha na daoine gabhail ri Ioslam mar thoradh air droch ghean ris na h-Eòrpaich.

en: Jordanian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Iòrdain

en: ?plural:Jordanian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Iòrdain

en: Kalmyk
gd: Muinntir Kalmykia

en: ?plural:Kalmyks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Kalmykia

en: The Kalmyks are a Western Mongolian ethnic group living in Kalmykia in southern Russia. They migrated to the Caspian plains in the 17th century and formed a khanate that was allied with Russia. The Kalmyks are the only Buddhist nation of Europe.
gd: Tha na Kalmykich de shliochd nam Mongolach an Iar agus tha iad a' fuireach ann an taobh a deas na Ruise. Dh'imrich iad a dh'ionnsaigh maghan na Mara Caspaiche san 17mh linn agus stèidhich iad khanat a bha ann an caidreachas leis an Ruis. 'S iad na Kalmykich an aon nàisean Budach san Roinn-Eòrpa.

en: Kanem-Bornu
gd: Muinntir Kanem-Bornu

en: ?plural:Kanem-Bornu
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Kanem-Bornu

en: This empire lasted in some form from the 9th-century until 1893 in modern Chad and Nigeria and controlled much of the trans-Saharan trade.
gd: Mhair Impireachd Kanem-Bornu ann an cruth air choireigin on 9mh linn gu ruige 1893 eadar an t-Seàd agus Nigèiria agus bha smachd aice air cuid mhath dhen mhalairt a bha a' dol tron fhàsach Sathara.

en: Karabakhi
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Karabakh

en: ?plural:Karabakhis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Karabakh

en: Karelian
gd: Muinntir Karelia

en: ?plural:Karelians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Karelia

en: The Karelians are a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting Karelia, a region currently divided between Finland and Russia. They are closely related to the Finns.
gd: 'S e muinntir Fionno-Ugrach a tha sna Karelianaich a tha a' fuireach ann an Karelia, sgìre a tha air a roinneadh eadar an Fhionnlann agus an Ruis aig an àm seo. Tha dàimh dhlùth aca ris na Fionnlannaich.

en: Karen
gd: Muinntir Karen

en: ?plural:Karens
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Karen

en: Kashmiri
gd: Muinntir Chaismir

en: ?plural:Kashmiris
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chaismir

en: The Kashmir valley is situated by the western foothills of the Himalayas. Having been inhabited for millennia, it is a melting pot of Hindu, Tibetan, and Islamic culture.
gd: Tha Srath Chaismir ri taobh bun-chnuic an Iar nam Beanntan Himalaya. Tha daoine air a bhith ann fad mìltean de bhliadhnaichean agus ri linn sin, tha cultaran Hindu, Tibeiteach agus Ioslamach a' co-measgachadh ann.

en: Kashubian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Kashubia

en: ?plural:Kashubians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Kashubia

en: Katangan
gd: Muinntir Katanga

en: ?plural:Katangans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Katanga

en: Kazakh
gd: Muinntir Chasachstàn

en: ?plural:Kazakhs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chasachstàn

en: Kazakhs are descendants of Turkic and Mongolian nomadic tribes. Conquered by Russia in the 18th century, Kazakhstan became independent in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It is one of the ten largest states in the world by area.
gd: Tha na Casachaich de shliochd treubhan Mongolach is Turcach. Chaidh an ceannsachadh leis an Ruis san 18mh linn agus fhuair Casachstàn neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1991 nuair a chaidh an t-Aonadh Sovietach a leigeil mu sgaoil. Tha i am measg nan deich stàitean as motha san t-saoghal a-rèir meud na dùthcha.

en: Kenyan
gd: Muinntir Cheinia

en: ?plural:Kenyans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Cheinia

en: Kenya gained independence from Britain in December 1963.
gd: Fhuair Ceinia neo-eisimeileachd o Bhreatainn san Dùbhlachd 1963.

en: Khazar
gd: Muinntir Khazaria

en: ?plural:Khazars
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Khazaria

en: The Khazars founded a steppe empire on the plains of Southern Russia in the Early Middle Ages. Originally shamanists, they adopted Judaism as their state religion.
gd: Stèidhich na Khazar impireachd nan steipean air maghan na Ruise a Deas sna Meadhan-Aoisean. 'S e creideamh seumanach a b' àbhaist a bhith aca mus do ghabh iad ris a' chreideamh Iùdhach mar chreideamh na stàite.

en: Khwarezmian
gd: Muinntir Khvārezm

en: ?plural:Khwarezmians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Khvārezm

en: Known by the Greeks as Chorasmia, Khwarezm was an urbanized, centralized, and militarized state south of the Aral sea in Central Asia, controlling portions of the Silk Road. It was loosely controlled as a satrapy under the Achaemenid and Sassanid Persian dynasties and was the mythic homeland of Zarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism. Following the introduction of Islam, Khwarezm tended to be divided into two separate kingdoms, but was united under the Turkic Anushtiginid dynasty, which lasted from 1097 until Chinggis Khan conquered it in 1231.
gd: 'S e Chorasmía an t-ainm a bha aig na Greugaich oirre agus bha Khvārezm 'na stàit bhailteach le arm agus riaghaltas meadhanaichte deas air Loch Aral ann am Meadhan Àisea aig an robh smachd air cuid de Rathad an t-Sìoda. Bha leth smachd oirre mar shatrapy fo rìghrean Achaemenideach is Sassanideach na Peirse agus b' ise dachaigh mhiotasach Zoroaster, stèidheadair Zoroastrachd. Thathar a' coimhead air mar dhà rìoghachd fa leth ri linn tighinn an Ioslaim ach chaidh an dà dhiubh a cho-aonadh fo shìol Turcach Anūš Tigin a mhair o 1097 gu 1231 nuair a chaidh a cheannsachadh le Chinggis Khaan.

en: Kiribati
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chiribeas

en: ?plural:I-Kiribati
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chiribeas

en: Kittitian and Nevisian
gd: Muinntir Naomh Chrìstein agus Nibheis

en: ?plural:Kittitians and Nevisians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Naomh Chrìstein agus Nibheis

en: Kongo
gd: Muinntir Chongo

en: ?plural:Kongo
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chongo

en: This Kingdom, lasting from roughly 1400 CE until the late 19th century, existed in the present-day countries of Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Soon after its formation, Portuguese explorers, missionaries and slavers began to arrive and exerted considerable influence in the Kingdom.
gd: Nochd an rìoghachd seo mun bhliadhna 1400 AD agus mhair i gu deireadh na 19mh linn far a bheil Angòla agus Poblachd Dheamocratach Chongo an-diugh. Ràinig taisgealaichean miseanaraidhean is marsantaich thràillean Phortagaileach beagan às dèidh dhi nochdadh agus bha buaidh mhòr aca air an rìoghachd.

en: Kosovar
gd: Muinntir na Cosobho

en: ?plural:Kosovars
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Cosobho

en: Kosovo is a country on the Balkans. It declared independence in 2008. Serbia claims Kosovo as a province and its independence is not universally recognized.
gd: Tha a' Chosobho 'na dùthaich air a' Bhalcan. Ghairm e neo-eisimeileachd ann an 2008. Tha an t-Sèirb a' tagradh na Cosobho mar mhòr-roinn aice-se agus chan eil gach dùthaich ag aithneachadh neo-eisimeileachd na Cosobho.

en: ?plural:Kunas
gd: ?plural:muinntir Kuna

en: Kurdish
gd: Muinntir Chùrdastain

en: ?plural:Kurds
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chùrdastain

en: The Kurds are a distinct ethno-linguistic group speaking an Indo-Aryan language. Their traditional homeland Kurdistan is situated in the northern Middle East and partitioned between Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran. The medieval era saw the rise of several principalities ruled by Kurdish dynasties, including Shaddadid, Rawadid, Hasanwayhid, Annazid, and Marwanid. Subsequently subdued by the Ottomans, the Kurds' struggle for self-rule and independence took off again after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the end of the colonial era. Today, Iraq's Kurdistan Autonomous Region is the only Kurd-dominated political entity in the world.
gd: 'S e muinntir shònraichte a thaobh cinnidh is cànain a tha sna Cùrdaich. 'S e cànan Innd-Aryanach a tha aca agus tha an dachaigh aca, Cùrdastan, san Ear-Mheadhan agus air a sgaradh eadar Ioràc, an Tuirc, Siridhea agus Ioràn. Nochd grunn phrionnsalachdan Cùrdach sna Meadhan Aoisean, a' gabhail a-steach sliochd Shaddadid, Rawadid, Hasanwayhid, Annazid agus Marwanid. Chaidh an ceannsachadh leis na h-Otomanaich agus thòisich na Cùrdaich air iomairt airson fèin-riaghladh agus neo-eisimeileachd a-rithist nuair a thuit Impireachd nan Otomanach aig deireadh aois an tuineachais. 'S e Ranntair Fèin-Riaghladh Chùrdastain san Ioràc an aon bhith phoileataigeach san t-saoghal a tha fo smachd nan Cùrdach fhèin.

en: Kuwaiti
gd: Muinntir Cuibhèit

en: ?plural:Kuwaitis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Cuibhèit

en: Kyrgyz
gd: Muinntir Chiorgastàin

en: ?plural:Kyrgyzs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Chiorgastàin

en: Nation in Central Asia. Conquered by the Russian Empire in the 19th century, Kyrgyzstan got independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
gd: 'S e nàisean ann am Meadhan Àisea a tha innte. Chaidh a ceannsachadh le Impireachd na Ruise san 19mh linn agus fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd o Aonadh nan Sovietach ann an 1991.

en: Lankese
gd: Muinntir Lanca

en: ?plural:Lankese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lanca

en: Prince Vijaya came to Sri Lanka from Orissa, in north-eastern India, during the 6th century BCE and founded the Sinhalese kingdom there. During British colonialism the country was known as Ceylon.
gd: Thàinig am Prionnsa Vijaya a Shri Lanca à Orissa, ann an ear-thuath nan Innseachan, san 6mh linn RC agus stèidhich e rìoghachd Sinhalach ann. 'S e Ceylon an t-ainm a bha air an dùthaich rè àm tuineachas Bhreatainn.

en: Supreme Commander %s
gd: Àrd Seanalair %s

en: ?female:Supreme Commander %s
gd: ?female:Àrd Seanalair %s

en: Laotian
gd: Muinntir Làthos

en: ?plural:Laotians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Làthos

en: The history of Laos starts with the Lan Xang kingdom created in the 14th century and ended in late 18th century with invasion of Siam (Thailand). In the end of the 19th century, Laos became part of French Indochina. French rule ended with independence in 1946 followed by 30 years of civil war. In 1975 the communist Pathet Lao established a strict socialist regime. However, in 1986 the liberalization and a gradual return to private enterprise started.
gd: Tha eachdraidh Làothos a' tòiseachadh le rìoghachd Lâan Sâang san 14mh linn agus thàinig i gu crìoch aig deireadh na 18mh linne nuair a bhris Siam (Dùthaich nan Tàidh) a-steach oirre. Chaidh Làthos a chur ri Sìn Innseanach na Frainge aig deireadh na 19mh linne. Thàinig riaghladh nam Frangach gu crìoch nuair a fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1946 ach dh'èirich cogadh catharra 30 bliadhna an dèidh sin. Stèidhich am buidheann co-mhaoineach Pathet Lao riaghaltas co-mhaoineach righinn ann an 1975. Ge-tà, thàinig lasachadh air an riaghladh seo a-mach o 1986 agus thòisich iad air tilleadh gu malairt phrìobhaideach mean air mhean.

en: Latin
gd: Muinntir Laideann

en: ?plural:Latins
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Laideann

en: Latvian
gd: Muinntir na Laitbhe

en: ?plural:Latvians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Laitbhe

en: In the aftermath of World War I Latvia proclaimed its independence from Russia. In 1940, Latvia was forcibly occupied by the Soviet Union. After the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 Latvia restored its independence.
gd: Ghairm an Laitbhe neo-eisimeileachd on Ruis aig deireadh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir. Chaidh a chur ris an Aonadh Sovietach fo èiginn ann an 1940. Chaidh neo-eisimeileachd a thilleadh thuca ann an 1991 às dèidh dhan Aonadh Sovietach a' dol à bith.

en: Lebanese
gd: Muinntir Leabanoin

en: ?plural:Lebanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Leabanoin

en: Located in the Levant, the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean, Lebanon houses some of the oldest traces of human civilization. The old homeland of the Phoenicians, Lebanon has since been ruled by many empires. It was part of the Ottoman Empire for over four centuries and became a French mandate after World War I. Lebanon proclaimed its independence in 1943.
gd: Tha an Leabanon air an Levant, cladach an ear na Mara Meadhanaiche agus tha cuid dhe na làraichean as sine de shìobhaltasan daonna san t-saoghal ann. 'S ise seann dachaigh nam Foinìseach agus bha i fo smachd iomadh impireachd 'na h-eachdraidh. Bha i 'na pàirt de dh'Impireachd nan Otomanach barrachd air ceithir linntean agus an uairsin fo ùghdarras nam Frangach an dèidh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir. Ghairm Leabanon neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1943.

en: Lendian
gd: Muinntir Lendia

en: ?plural:Lendians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lendia

en: The Lendians were a confederation of West Slavic, Lechitic tribes inhabiting the borderland areas of today's Poland and Ukraine. Their land was the object of rivalry between Poland and the Kievan Rus' at the time of the early Piast dynasty. The Lendians succumbed to Ruthenization as a result of deportation actions organized by Kievan princes and the activities of the Orthodox Church.
gd: 'S e co-nasgadh de threubhan Slàbhach Siarach is Lechiticeach a bha sna Lendianaich am measg crìochan na Pòlainne 's na h-Ucràine ar làithean. Bha a' Phòlainn agus Ruisich Kiev a' tagradh na talamhainn aca tràth ann an linn nam Piast. Chaidh iad à bith am measg muinntir na Ruise an cois fògarraidh le prionnsan Kiev agus gnìomhan na h-Eaglaise Ortadogsach.

en: Leonese
gd: Muinntir León

en: ?plural:Leonese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir León

en: Leon was a medieval kingdom in the northwestern part of the Iberian peninsula. Currently Leon is part of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and Leon.
gd: 'S e rìoghachd mheadhan-aoiseach a bha ann an León san iar-thuath dhen ceann-tìre Ìbeireach. Tha León am broinn coimhearsnachd fèin-riaghladh Castille is León aig an àm seo.

en: Lesothoan
gd: Muinntir Leasoto

en: ?plural:Lesothoans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Leasoto

en: Liberian
gd: Muinntir na Libèire

en: ?plural:Liberians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Libèire

en: Liburnian
gd: Muinntir Liburnia

en: ?plural:Liburnians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Liburnia

en: Libyan
gd: Muinntir Libia

en: ?plural:Libyans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Libia

en: The region that is now Libya was a Roman colony until it was conquered by the Arab civilization in the 7th century. In 1912 it came under the control of Italy and after the Second World War Libya was granted independence as a condition of the Allied peace treaty with Italy.
gd: Bha an ranntair far a bheil Libia an-diugh 'na thuicheachas Ròmanach gus an deach a cheannsachadh le sìobhaltas nan Arabach san 7mh linn. Fhuair an Eadailt smachd oirre ann an 1912 agus fhuair Libia neo-eisimeileachd an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir fo chumha a' chùmhnaint sìthe eadar an Caidreachas agus an Eadailt.

en: Liechtensteiner
gd: Muinntir Liechtenstein

en: ?plural:Liechtensteiners
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Liechtenstein

en: The Principality of Liechtenstein is a tiny, doubly landlocked alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east. The Principality was formed by the merger of Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1719.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag bhìodach alpach gun inntrigeadh ri muir san Roinn-Eòrpa an Iar a tha ann am Prionnsalachd Liechtenstein, le crìochan ris an Eilbheis san iar agus ris an Ostair san ear. Chaidh a' phrionnsalachd a chruthachadh tro aonadh Vaduz agus Schellenberg ann an 1719.

en: Paramount Ruler %s
gd: ?female:Riaghlaiche %s a tha cudromach thar càich

en: ?female:Paramount Ruler %s
gd: ?female:Riaghlaiche %s a tha cudromach thar càich

en: Lipka Tatar
gd: Muinntir nan Lipka Tatar

en: ?plural:Lipka Tatars
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Lipka Tatar

en: The Lipka Tatars are descendants of Tatars who migrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the Crimean Khanate and the Golden Horde. Their name comes from the Turkish name of Lithuania. In addition to Lithuania, they also live in Poland and Belarus. Some Lipka Tatars have preserved their culture and traditional religion to the present day.
gd: Tha Tataraich Lipka de shliochd nan Tataraich a dh'imrich do Cho-Fhlaitheas na Pòlainne 's na Liotuaine o Khanat na Crime agus on Phrasgan Òir. Tha am facal Lipka a' tighinn on fhacal Turcach air an Liotuain. A bharrachd air an Liotuain, tha iad a' fuireach sa Phòlainn agus sa Bhealaruis cuideachd. Ghlèidh cuid dhe na Lipka Tatar an cultar 's creideamh dùthchasach gus an-diugh.

en: Lippian
gd: Muinntir na Lippe

en: ?plural:Lippians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Lippe

en: Lippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.
gd: Bha an Lippe 'na stàit eachdraidheil sa Ghearmailt. Bha e eadar abhainn Weser agus ear-dheas na Coille Teutoburg.

en: Lithuanian
gd: Muinntir na Liotuaine

en: ?plural:Lithuanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Liotuaine

en: Lithuania is a small country on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, northeast of Poland. Lithuanian is the most archaic and complex of the northern Indo-European languages.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag air cladach an iar na Mara Baltaiche a tha san Liotuain, san ear-thuath air a' Phòlainn. 'S e an Liotuainis an cànan as iom-fhillte agus àrsaidh am measg nan cànan Innd-Eòrpaich Tuathach.

en: Lojbanistani
gd: Muinntir Lojbanistan

en: ?plural:Lojbanistanis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lojbanistan

en: Lojbanistan is a fictional place where people speak Lojban. Lojban is a constructed language meant for human communication. Lojban is syntactically unambiguous ("Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."), culturally neutral and simple to learn.
gd: 'S e àite ficseanach a tha ann an Lojbanistan far am bruidhnear Lojban. 'S e cànan a chaidh a chur ri chèile a chum conaltraidh dhaonna a tha san Lojban. Chan eil co-chàradh Lojban dà-sheaghach ("Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana"), tha i gun chlaonadh cultarach agus tha i furasta ri h-ionnsachadh.

en: Lorrain
gd: Muinntir Lorrain

en: ?plural:Lorrains
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lorrain

en: Lorraine or Lotharingia was formed as the middle kingdom when the Frankish empire was split in three in 843. Initially stretching from the North Sea to the Mediterranean, its territory was mutilated during the struggles between the various Frankish dynasties. What was left of Lorraine became a duchy that both France and Germany were continuously eyeing for. Lorraine became a province of France in 1766.
gd: B' e Lorrain, no Lotharingia, an rìoghachd sa mheadhan nuair a chaidh impireachd nam Francach a sgoltadh ann an trì pìosan ann an 843. Ged a bha i a' sìneadh on Chuan Tuathach dhan Mhuir Mheadhanach, chaill i talamh mòr ri linn a' chòmhstri eadar na diofar rìoghachdan Francach. Chaidh diùcachd a dhèanamh dhe na bha air fhàgail agus bha an dà chuid a' Ghearmailt 's an Fhraing airson greim fhaighinn oirre. Chaidh mòr-roinn na Frainge a dhèanamh dhith ann an 1766.

en: Luwian
gd: Muinntir Luwia

en: ?plural:Luwians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Luwia

en: Luxembourgish
gd: Muinntir Lugsamburg

en: ?plural:Luxembourgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Lugsamburg

en: One of Europe's smaller countries, Luxembourg was founded as a county in 963. In 1815 it was elevated to a Grand Duchy in a personal union with the Netherlands, which was severed in 1890.
gd: Chaidh Lugsamburg a chur air bhonn mar dhùthaich ann an 963 agus 's i aon dhe na dùthchannan beaga san Roinn-Eòrpa. Chaidh a h-àrdachadh gu inbhe mòr-dhiùcachd ann an aonadh pearsanta leis na Tìrean Ìsle ach chaidh a sgaradh ann an 1890.

en: Maasai
gd: Muinntir nam Maasai

en: ?plural:Maasais
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Maasai

en: The Maasai are an indigenous African ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in Kenya and northern Tanzania. Due to their distinctive customs and dress and residence near the many game parks of East Africa, they are among the most well known of African ethnic groups.
gd: 'S e cinneadh dùthchasach Afragach a tha sna Maasai aig a bheil dòigh-bheatha leth iniltearach eadar Ceinia agus an Tansan a tuath. Leis an t-aodach 's na nòsan àraidh aca agus leis gu bheil iad a' fuireach faisg air pàircean nan ainmhidhean ann an Afraga an Ear, tha iad am measg nan cinnidhean Afragach as ainmeile.

en: Macedonian
gd: Muinntir na Masadoine

en: ?plural:Macedonians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Masadoine

en: The Republic of Macedonia is located in the south-central part of the Balkan peninsula. It declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
gd: Tha Poblachd na Masadoine ann an iar-mheadhan a' Bhalcain. Ghairm i neo-eisimeileachd on Iùgoslabh ann an 1991.

en: Macedon
gd: Muinntir na Masadoine

en: ?plural:Macedons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Masadoine

en: The Kingdom of Macedonia was located in the southern Balkans. Under Alexander the Great it became one of the most powerful states in the world but it splintered into several states after Alexander's death. Macedonia was eventually conquered by Rome in 146 BCE.
gd: Bha Rìoghachd na Masadoine ann an taobh a deas a' Bhalcain. Bha i am measg nan stàitean a bu chumhachdaiche san t-saoghal fo Alexander Mòr ach bhris i ann an grunn stàitean nuair a bhàsaich Alexander. Chaidh a' Mhasadon a cheannsachadh leis an Ròimh ann an 146 RC aig a' cheann thall.

en: Diadochos %s
gd: Diádochos %s

en: Diadocha %s
gd: Diádocha %s

en: Majapahit
gd: Muinntir Majapahit

en: ?plural:Majapahit
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Majapahit

en: This empire began in 1293 CE when a local prince used invading Yuan dynasty troops to his own advantage by having them defeat his enemies and then expelling them. The Majapahit, centered in eastern Java, was heavily influenced by Buddhism and Hinduism and was a major regional power in the insular Southeast Asian world, a position which allowed them to control much of the trade between China, India and the Middle East. They lasted until 1500 when they were eclipsed by the Sultanate of Malacca and the rise of Islam in the Indonesian world.
gd: Rugadh an impireachd seo ann an 1293 nuair a ghabh prionnsa ionadail cothrom air feachdan Yuan a bhris a-steach air an dùthaich; thug iad buaidh air na nàimhdean aige agus thug e ruaig orran an uairsin. Bha meadhan Majapahit ann an taobh an ear Java agus bha buaidh mhòr aig a' Bhudastachd agus an Hionduthachd air. Bha i 'na h-impireachd chumhachdach am measg eileanan Àisean an Ear-Dheas agus leis a sin, bha cothrom aca smachd a chumail air cuid mhòr dhen mhalairt eadar an t-Sìn, na h-Innseachan agus an Ear-Mheadhan. Mhair i gu ruige 1500 nuair a chrìon i à bith ri linn Sultanachd Malacca agus èiridh an Ioslam anns na h-Innd-Innseachan.

en: Malagasy
gd: Muinntir Mhadagasgar

en: ?plural:Malagasies
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhadagasgar

en: The Malagasy are the people of Madagascar. For centuries, tribes from Indonesia, East Africa and the Arab world have gathered on the island.
gd: 'S e sluagh Mhadagasgar a tha sna Malagasy. Thàinig treubhan às na h-Innd-Innseachan, Afraga an Ear agus saoghal nan Arabach cruinn air an eilean fad linntean.

en: High Commissioner %s
gd: Àrd Choimiseanar %s

en: ?female:High Commissioner %s
gd: ?female:Àrd Choimiseanar %s

en: Malawian
gd: Muinntir Mhalabhaidh

en: ?plural:Malawians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhalabhaidh

en: Called Nyasaland by the British, Malawi adopted its current name, referring to the old Maravi Empire upon independence in 1964. The country's politics were dominated by Dr. Hastings Banda for three decades, until he was stripped of his titles in 1993.
gd: 'S e Nyasaland a bha aig na Breatannaich oirre ach ghabh Malabhaidh ris an ainm ùr aig àm a neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1964 an cuimhne air seann Impireachd Maravi. Bha buaidh mhòr aig Dr Hastings Banda air saoghal poileataigeach na dùthcha gus an deach a chuid thiotalan a thoirt air falbh uaithe ann an 1993.

en: Malaysian
gd: Muinntir Mhalaidhsea

en: ?plural:Malaysians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhalaidhsea

en: Malaysia was started with the founding of Malacca (Melaka) by Parameswara in the early 14th century.
gd: Rugadh Malaidhsea nuair a chuir Paramesware Melaka (no Malacca) air bhonn tràth san 14mh linn.

en: Maldivian
gd: Muinntir nam Maladaibh

en: ?plural:Maldivians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Maladaibh

en: Malian
gd: Muinntir Mhàili

en: ?plural:Malians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhàili

en: Mali is a large country in Western Africa. Once part of French Sudan, it gained independence together with Senegal in 1959.
gd: 'S e dùthaich mhòr ann an Afraga an Iar a tha ann am Màili. Bha i 'na pàirt de Shudàn na Frainge aig àm ach fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd, còmhla ri Seangal, ann an 1959.

en: Maltese
gd: Muinntir Mhalta

en: ?plural:Maltese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhalta

en: Malta was first settled around 5200 BCE. Over the centuries, the islands have been ruled by the Phoenicians, Romans, Fatimids, Sicilians, Knights Hospitaller, French, and British. Malta became independent in 1964 and joined the EU in 2004.
gd: Chaidh Malta a thuineachadh a' chiad turas mun bhliadhna 5200 RC. Bha smachd air na Foinìsich, na Ròmanaich, na Fatimidich, na Siseilich, Ridirean an Ospadail, na Frangaich agus na Breatannaich tro na linntean. Fhuair Malta neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1964 agus fhuair i ballrachd san AE ann an 2004.

en: Master %s
gd: Maighstir %s

en: Mistress %s
gd: Bana-mhaighstir %s

en: Mamluk
gd: Muinntir Mamluk

en: ?plural:Mamluks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mamluk

en: %s Pasha
gd: Paşa %s

en: ?female:%s Pasha
gd: ?female:Paşa %s

en: Manchu
gd: Muinntir Manchuria

en: ?plural:Manchus
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Manchuria

en: The Manchus were a semi-nomadic people originating from the region called Manchuria in Northeast Asia. In the 17th century they conquered and ruled China as the Manchu Empire until 1911.
gd: 'S e sluagh leth iniltearach a bha sna Manchu a thàinig à sgìre air a bheil Manchuria ann an ear-thuath Àisea. Cheannsaich iad an t-Sin san 17mh linn agus bha iad 'ga riadhlach mar phàirt de dh'Impireachd Manchuria gu ruige 1911.

en: Manx
gd: Muinntir Mhanainn

en: ?plural:Manx
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhanainn

en: The Isle of Man is an island in the British Isles located between Britain and Ireland. Formally not a part of United Kingdom, it is a self-governing British Crown Dependency. In the Middle Ages it was the center of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, and later of the Lordship of Man. Man is noted for having the oldest still functioning parliament in the world, the Tynwald, which has existed since 979 CE. Since 1765 the island depends on Great Britain.
gd: Tha Eilean Mhanainn ann am Muir Èireann eadar Èirinn 's Breatainn. Chan eil e 'na phàirt dhen Rìoghachd Aonaichte gu foirmeil agus tha e 'na Eisimeileachd Fèin-Riaghlaidh aig Crùn Bhreatainn. Bha e an teis-mheadhan Rìoghachd Mhanainn 's nan Eilean sna Meadhan-Aoisean agus Tighearnas Mhanainn an uairsin. Tha cliù aca leis gu bheil a' phàrlamaid as sine san t-saoghal aca tha ag obair fhathast, an Tinwaal, a chaidh a stèidheachadh ann an 979 AD. Tha an t-eilean air a bhith 'na eisimeileachd Bhreatainn a-mach o 1765.

en: Chief Minister %s
gd: Ard-choylargh %s

en: ?female:Chief Minister %s
gd: ?female:Ard-choylargh %s

en: Maori
gd: Muinntir Aotearoa

en: ?plural:Maori
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aotearoa

en: The Maori are a Polynesian people that migrated to and settled the island group that is now New Zealand. According to archeological evidence, the migration commenced in the 900s and continued until the 1400s.
gd: 'S e sluagh Poilinèiseach a tha sna Māori a thuinich Sealann Nuadh, no Aotearoa mar a tha aca-san oirre. A-rèir na fianais àrc-eòlasach, thòisich iad air imrich ann sna 900an agus lean e air adhart gu ruige na 1400an.

en: Mapuche
gd: Muinntir nam Mapuche

en: ?plural:Mapuche
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mapuche

en: The Mapuche people successfully resisted the expansion of the Inka empire, halting them at the Maule river in what is now central Chile. They proved to be stubborn opponents of the Spanish, too, who, along with their Chilean successors, took 300 years to conquer them.
gd: Sheas na Mapuche gu soirbheachail an aghaidh leudachadh Impireachd nan Inka 's chuir iad stad orra aig Abhainn Maule far a bheul meadhan na Sile an-diugh. Chuir iad an aghaidh nan Spàinnteach gu cruaidh cuideachd agus thug iad, agus riaghaltas na Sile a thàinig 'nan àite, 300 bliadhne 'gan ceannsachadh.

en: Marathi
gd: Muinntir Marathi

en: ?plural:Marathis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Marathi

en: High Brahmin %s
gd: Àrd Brāhmaṇa %s

en: ?female:High Brahmin %s
gd: ?female:Àrd Brāhmaṇa %s

en: Martian
gd: Muinntir a' Chuirg

en: ?plural:Martians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir a' Chuirg

en: Marsmen landed on Earth in 4000 BCE!
gd: Laigh daoine on Chorg, air a bheil Mars cuideachd, air an talamh ann an 4000 RC!

en: Mauritanian
gd: Muinntir Mhoratàinea

en: ?plural:Mauritanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhoratàinea

en: Mauritian
gd: Muinntir Mhoiriseas

en: ?plural:Mauritians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhoiriseas

en: Mazovian
gd: Muinntir Mazovia

en: ?plural:Mazovians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mazovia

en: Mazovia is a historic and geographic region of central-eastern Poland.
gd: 'S e sgìre eachdraidheil agus chruinn-eòlach ann an ear-mheadhan na Pòlainne a tha ann am Mazovia.

en: Mecklenburgian
gd: Muinntir Mecklenburg

en: ?plural:Mecklenburgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mecklenburg

en: Mecklenburg was erected in the 12th century. Its ruling house, the Obrodites, were of Slavic origin - unique amongst the German states. The dynasty remained in power for eight centuries. The Duchy was divided into Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In the 19th century Mecklenburg got the reputation of being the most backward of the German states; its feudal institutions were abolished only at the downfall of the monarchy in 1918. Currently Mecklenburg forms the western two thirds of the German state of Mecklenburg-Cispomerania.
gd: Chaidh Mecklenburg a stèidheachadh san 12na linn. 'S e sluagh Slàbhach a bha sna h-Abodriten, taigh rìoghail na sgìre agus cha d' fhuaradh a leithid eile am measg nan stàitean Gearmailteach. Dh'fhan iad ann an cumhachd fad ochd linntean. Bha dà phàirt ann, Mecklenburg-Strelitz agus Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Fhuair Mecklenburg cliù san 19mh linn gun robh iad air dheireadh chàch sa Ghearmailt; cha deach a chur às dha na h-eagrachasan fiùdail ann ach nuair a thuit a' mhonarcachd ann an 1918. Tha Mecklenburg a' còmhdachadh dà thrian an iar de Mecklenburg-Vorpommern sa Ghearmailt an-diugh.

en: Median
gd: Muinntir Media

en: ?plural:Medians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Media

en: %s Shahanshah
gd: Šāhān-šāh %s

en: Messapian
gd: Muinntir Messapia

en: ?plural:Messapians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Messapia

en: Mexican
gd: Muinntir Mheagsago

en: ?plural:Mexicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mheagsago

en: Miao
gd: Muinntir nam Miao

en: ?plural:Miao
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Miao

en: According to Chinese legend, the Yellow Emperor of Huaxia battled and defeated Chi You, leader of the Nine Li tribe, at the Battle of Zhuolu in the 26th century BCE. For the Miao people of modern-day China, Chi You - whom they refer to as "Txiv Yawg" - is a mythical king and founding father of their nation. Most Miao live in southern China, but there is a significant diaspora in southeast Asian countries as well as Europe and North America, of which many belong to the "Hmong" sub-group.
gd: A-rèir fionn-sgeulan nan Sìnich, rinn Impire Buidhe Huáxià cogadh ri Chī Yóu, ceannard Naoidh Treubhan nan Lí, ann am Blàr Zhuōlù san 26mh linn RC. A-rèir nam Miao, cinneadh a tha beò san t-Sìn an-diugh, 's e rìgh miotasach a tha ann an Chī Yóu - ris a chanas iad-san "Txiv Yawg" - agus stèidheadair an nàisein aca. Tha cuid mhath dhe na Miao a' fuireach ann an taobh a deas na Sìne ach tha àireamh mhòr air imrich a dhèanamh air feadh Àisea agus dhan Roinn-Eòrpa is Aimeireaga a Tuath, le mòran dhiubh dhen fho-chinneadh Hmong.

en: Micronesian
gd: Muinntir nam Meanbh-Eileanan

en: ?plural:Micronesian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Meanbh-Eileanan

en: Micronesia is located in the Central Western Pacific. The site of several ancient seafaring cultures, nowadays most of the region is governed by the Federated States of Micronesia.
gd: Tha na Meanbh-Eileanan an iar-mheadhan a' Chuain Sèimh. Bha grunn shìobhaltasan mara àrsaidh ann far a bheil a' mhòrchuid de Stàitean Feadarail nam Meanbh-Eileanan an-diugh.

en: Mi'kmaq
gd: Muinntir nam Mi'kmaq

en: ?plural:Mi'kmaq
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mi'kmaq

en: Today numbering roughly 25,000, the Mi'kmaq inhabited (and largely continue to) Nova Scotia. The first Mi'kmaq to convert to Christianity did so in 1610 under French suzerainty. French rule gave way to English and English to Canadian.
gd: Tha mu 25,000 dhiubh ann an-diugh agus tha iad fhathast beò far a bheil Alba Nuadh an-diugh. Ghabh a' chiad bhuidheann dhe na Mi'kmaq ri Crìostaidheachd ann an 1610 nuair a bha iad 'nam basaillean na Frainge. Ghluais smachd na dùthcha an uairsin o na Frangaich dha na Sasannaich agus an uairsin do Chanada an uairsin.

en: Milanese
gd: Muinntir Milan

en: ?plural:Milanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Milan

en: Milan is the capital of Lombardy, a region in Northern Italy. From 1395 to 1797 it was the seat of the Duchy of Milan. Lombardy came under Austrian domination after the Napoleonic War. In 1859 it was annexed by Italy.
gd: 'S e prìomh bhaile Lombardy a tha ann am Milan, sgìre san Eadailt a Tuath. Bha suidheachan Diùcachd Milan an-seo eadar 1395 agus 1797. Thàinig Lombardy fo smachd na h-Ostaire an dèidh Cogadh Napoleon. Chaidh a chur ris an Eadailt ann an 1859.

en: Miskito
gd: Muinntir nam Mískitu

en: ?plural:Miskito
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mískitu

en: Living along the eponymous Miskito Coast of Nicaragua and Honduras, the Miskito now number around 200,000 people. In 1625, the Miskito came into a long-lasting political relationship with the British Empire, whose interests in the Caribbean were contrary to those of the Spanish Empire. A loosely constructed Miskito 'kingdom' was formed in that year and a dynasty established by kings who went by English names and came under formal British protectorate status in 1740. Official protectorate status ended a century later and in 1894 the Nicaraguan government incorporated the territory.
gd: Tha mu thuaiream 200,000 Mískitu ann an-diugh air costa Hondùras agus Nìocaragua ann an àite a chaidh ainmeachadh orra, Miskito Coast. Thòisich na Mískitu air dàimh phoileataigeach fad-sheasmhach le Impireachd Bhreatainn ann an 1625 a bha a cuid phlanaichean calg-dhìreach an aghaidh planaichean Impireachd na Spàinnte sa Mhuir Charaibeach. Chaidh 'rìoghachd' Mískitu de sheòrsa a stèidheachadh a' bhliadhna ud agus sliochd de rìghrean a ghabh ri ainmean Beurla agus a thàinig fo dhìon foirmeil Bhreatainn ann an 1740. Thàinig an inbhe dìon oifigeach seo gu crìoch ceud bliadhna 'na dhèidh agus chuir riaghaltas Nìocaragua an ranntair ris a' chorr dhen dùthaich ann an 1894.

en: Mitanni
gd: Muinntir Mitanni

en: ?plural:Mitanni
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mitanni

en: Mixtec
gd: Muinntir nam Mixtec

en: ?plural:Mixtecs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mixtec

en: Moldovan
gd: Muinntir Mholdobha

en: ?plural:Moldovans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mholdobha

en: Moldova was conquered by the Ottomans in the 16th century. Then in 1812 Moldova became part of the Russian Empire. From 1918 Moldova was part of Romania until inclusion in the Soviet Union in 1940. The modern Republic of Moldova gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
gd: Chaidh Moldobha a cheannsachadh leis na h-Otomanaich san 16mh linn agus chaidh a chur ri Impireachd na Ruise an uairsin ann an 1812. Bha Moldobha 'na pàirt de Romàinia a-mach o 1918 gus an deach a chur ris an Aonadh Sovietach ann an 1940. Fhuair Poblachd Mholdobha neo-eisimeileachd on Aonadh Sovietach ann an 1991.

en: Monegasque
gd: Muinntir Mhonaco

en: ?plural:Monegasque
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhonaco

en: With only two square kilometers, Monaco is the second smallest country in the world. It has been ruled by the Grimaldi dynasty ever since the country was founded in 1297. In 1861 Monaco lost more than 95 percent of its territory to France. The principality is noted for its absence of income taxes, its casino and its Formula 1 track. Foreigners make up more than 80 percent of the population. In terms of GDP per capita Monaco is the wealthiest country in the world by a large margin.
gd: 'S i Monaco an dàrna dùthaich as lugha san t-saoghal leis nach eil ann de thalamh ach dà chilemeatair ceàrnagach. Chaidh a riaghladh le sìol Grimaldi on a chaidh an dùthaich a chur air bhonn ann an 1297. Chaill Monaco barrachd air 95 sa cheudad dhen talamh aice dhan Fhraing. Tha a' phrionnsalachd ainmeil a chionn 's nach eil cìs teach a-steach ri phàigheadh, na casinothan agus an raon Formula 1 ann. Tha barrachd air 80 à ceud dhen t-sluagh ann 'nan coigrich. 'S e Monaco an dùthaich as beairtiche san t-saoghal a thaobh MTD (Mòr-thoradh Dùthcha), fada a thoiseach air chàch.

en: Minister of State %s
gd: Ministear na Stàite %s

en: ?female:Minister of State %s
gd: ?female:Ministear na Stàite %s

en: ?plural:Mons
gd: ?plural:Mon

en: Montenegrin
gd: Muinntir a' Mhonaidh Neagraich

en: ?plural:Montenegrins
gd: ?plural:Muinntir a' Mhonaidh Neagraich

en: Montenegro is a small country on the Balkans, the last to be conquered by the Ottomans and the first to become independent again. Part of Yugoslavia in the 20th century, it dissolved its union with Serbia in 2006.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag air a' Bhalcan a tha sa Mhonadh Neagrach, an tè mu dheireadh a chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na h-Otomanaich agus a' chiad dhiubh a choisinn neo-eisimeileachd a-rithist. Bha e 'na phàirt dhen Iùgoslabh san 20mh linn agus chuir e crìoch air a' cho-aonadh leis an t-Sèirbh ann an 2006.

en: Moravian
gd: Muinntir Moravia

en: ?plural:Moravians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Moravia

en: Great Moravia was a Slavic medieval monarchy whose center was located in the areas of modern Moravia region in Czech Republic. Moravia conquered areas of Bohemia, Slovakia, Pannonia and large parts of southern Poland and Lusatia. The first ruler and founder of this state was duke Mojmir I. The Great Moravian state was destroyed as a result of the Hungarian invasion from the eastern steppes. After the defeat of the Hungarians by the Holy Roman Empire, Moravia was turned into a principality, which was in a personal union with Bohemia for most of its history.
gd: 'S e monarcachd Slàbhach nam Meadhan-Aoisean a bha ann am Moravia Mhòr a bha a meadhan aice far a bheil Moravia san t-Seic an-diugh. Cheannsaich Moravia talamh mòr air Bohemia, an t-Slòbhac, Pannonia agus taobh a deas na Pòlainne agus Lusatia. B' e Diùc Mojmir I a' chiad riaghlaiche agus stèidheadair na stàite seo. Chaidh stàit Moravia Mhòr a sgriosadh ri linn briseadh a-steach nan Ungairich o steipean an ear. Nuair thug Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe buaidh air na h-Ungairich, chaidh prionnsalachd a dhèanamh de Moravia agus bha i ann an aonadh pearsanta le Bohemia fad greis mhath dhe h-eachdraidh.

en: Mordvin
gd: Muinntir Mordovia

en: ?plural:Mordvins
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mordovia

en: The Mordvins are a Finnic people consisting of two subgroups: the Erzya and the Moksha. Mordvins live mainly in the Republic of Mordovia, a subdivision of the Russian Federation.
gd: 'S e muinntir Finniceach a tha sna Mordvinich le dà phrìomh bhuidheann, na h-Eryza agus na Moksha. 'S iad na Mordvinich a tha a mhòrchuid dhiubh a' fuireach ann am Mordovia, pàirt de Cho-Nasgadh na Ruise.

en: Moroccan
gd: Muinntir Mhoroco

en: ?plural:Moroccans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhoroco

en: Modern Morocco gained independence in 1956. However, the area has been inhabited since at least 8000 BCE. In classical times the region was known as Mauretania.
gd: Fhuair Moroco ar linne neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1956. Ge-tà, bha daoine a' fuireach san sgìre a-mach o 8000 RC air a' char as lugha. 'S e Mauretania an t-ainm a bha air a sgìre san linn chlasaigeach.

en: Mozambican
gd: Muinntir Mhòsaimbic

en: ?plural:Mozambicans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Mhòsaimbic

en: Mozambique is a country in Southeast Africa. It gained independence from Portugal in 1975.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an ear-dheas Afraga a tha ann am Mòsaimbic. Fhuair e neo-eisimeileachd on Phortagail ann an 1975.

en: Mughal
gd: Muinntir nam Mughal

en: ?plural:Mughals
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mughal

en: The Mughal Empire ruled most of the Indian subcontinent throughout the early modern era.
gd: Bha Impireachd nam Mughal a' riadhladh cuid mhòr de cheann-tìre nan Innseachan air feadh na 17mh is na 18mh linne.

en: Muskogee
gd: Muinntir nam Muskogee

en: ?plural:Muskogee
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Muskogee

en: The Muskogee was a confederacy of North American tribes, including the Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw. They were based in the area now encompassed by the U.S. states of Georgia and Alabama. Creek and Seminole tribes briefly formed a sovereign state known as the "State of Muskogee" during the early 1800s.
gd: 'S e co-nasgadh de threubhan ann an Aimeireaga a Tuath a bha sna Muskogee 's bha iad a' gabhail a-steach nan Creek, Seminole, Choctaw agus Chickasaw. Bha iad a' fuireach far a bheil Georgia agus Alabama nan Stàitean Aonaichte an-diugh. Stèidhich treubhan nan Creek agus nan Seminole stàit neo-eisimeileach tràth sna 1800an air an robh "Stàit nam Muskogee".

en: Mwiska
gd: Muinntir nam Mwiska

en: ?plural:Mwiska
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Mwiska

en: Comprising five states, variously described as chiefdoms and kingdoms, the Mwiska (a.k.a. Muisca) likely numbered between half a million to one million people at the time of Spanish conquest. The two largest of the Mwiska states, Zipa and Zaque, were at conflict with one another when the Spanish came on the scene, with the former being more successful than the latter. Spanish conquest was fairly quick, however, and no rebellion took place after 1541 and the language went extinct in the 18th century.
gd: Bha còig stàitean aca a tha cuid a coimhead orra mar thighearnasan agus rìoghachdan agus tha coltas gun robh eadar leth mhillean is millean de shluagh aig na Mwiska (a.k.a. Muisca) nuair a chaidh an ceannsachadh leis na Spàinntich. Bha an dà stàit a bu mhotha nam Mwiska, Zipa agus Zaque, ann an còmhstri leis a chèile ach bha na Zipa na bu soirbheachaile ann. Ge-tà, cheannsaich na Spàinntich gu math luath iad agus cha do dh'èirich iad ann an aramach às dèidh 1541 agus chaidh an cànan aca bàs san 18mh linn.

en: Namibian
gd: Muinntir na Namaibe

en: ?plural:Namibians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Namaibe

en: Although European Powers long neglected the desertic African Southwest, the German Empire established a colony there in the late nineteenth century. After losing World War I, the territory became a mandate under the responsibility of the Union of South Africa. It finally became independent in 1990, under the name of Namibia.
gd: Ged a leig dùthchannan na Roinn-Eòrpa seachad iar-dheas Afraga a bha làn fhàsaichean fad ùine mhòr, stèidhich Impireachd na Gearmailte tuineachas ann aig deireadh na naoidheamh linne dheug. Nuair a chaill iad a' Chiad Chogadh Mòr, thuit an ranntair fo smachd is ùghdarras Aonadh Afraga a Deas. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd mu dheireadh thall ann an 1990 fo ainm ùr, an Namaib.

en: Navajo
gd: Muinntir nan Navajo

en: ?plural:Navajo
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Navajo

en: Neapolitan
gd: Muinntir Napoli

en: ?plural:Neapolitans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Napoli

en: For centuries the Kingdom of Naples was the largest country on the Italian Peninsula. Many European powers showed interest in the kingdom and its throne changed hands many times. After the Napoleonic Era it was merged with the Kingdom of Sicily.
gd: B' e Rìoghachd Napoli an dùthaich a bu mhotha san Eadailt fad linntean. Bha ùidh aig mòran dhe na cumhachdan san Roinn-Eòrpa sa rìoghachd agus chhaidh an rìgh-chathair o làmh gu làmh. Chaidh a cur ri Rìoghachd na Sisilid an dèidh linn Napoleon.

en: Nepali
gd: Muinntir Neapàil

en: ?plural:Nepalis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Neapàil

en: Nepal is a landlocked country located in the Himalayas. Long a multi-cultural and multi-lingual nation, its history is characterized by its location between India and China. The Nepalese principalities were united into one kingdom in the 18th century. Nepal became a republic in 2008.
gd: 'S e dùthaich gun chladach gu h-àrd sna beanntan Himalaya a tha ann an Neapàl. Bha i 'na dùthaich ioma-chultarach is ioma-chànanach o chionn fhada agus dh'fhàg na h-Innseachan 's an t-Sìn an lorgan air an nàisean 's i sàthte eadar an dà dhiubh. Chaidh na prionnsalachdan Neapàlach a cho-aonadh ann an aon rìoghachd san 18mh linn. Tha an dùthaich 'na phoblachd o chionn 2008.

en: Nestorian
gd: Muinntir Nestor

en: ?plural:Nestorians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nestor

en: Legends of Prester John circulated in Europe from the 12th through 17th centuries. The stories told of a Nestorian Christian nation beyond the boundaries of the European world; over time the location of the kingdom moved from India to Central Asia to Ethiopia. The land contained unbelievable riches and creatures, and bordered Earthly Paradise. Because the country was believed to be on the other side of the Muslim world, many Europeans hoped Prester John would be a valuable ally in their quest to end Muslim rule of the Holy Land.
gd: Bha fionn-sgeulan mu Prester John a' dol mun cuairt san Roinn-Eòrpa eadar an 12na linn agus an 17mh linn. Bha na sgeulachdan ag innse mu nàisean Crìostaidheachd Nestorach fad air falbh o chrìochan na Roinn-Eòrpa; ghluais ionad na rìoghachd o na h-Innseachan a Mheadhan Àisea agus dhan Itiop an uairsin. Bha san dùthaich de bheartas agus creutairean nach gabh a chreidsinn, cha mhòr pàrras air uachdar na talamhainn. A chionn 's gun robhar a' creidsinn gun robh an dùthaich air taobh thall saoghal nam Muslamach, bha mòran Eòrpach san dùil gum biodh Prester John 'na chaidreabhach luachmhor 's iad a' feuchainn ri crìoch a chur air riaghladh nam Muslamach san Fhearrann Naomh.

en: Newfoundland
gd: Muinntir Talamh an Èisg

en: ?plural:Newfoundlanders
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Talamh an Èisg

en: In precolumbian times Newfoundland and Labrador were settled by the Beothuk, though around 1000 CE for a short time Vikings also settled there. From the late 15th century onward Newfoundland was visited by the Portuguese and English. England and France contested the island until 1713, when France relinquished its claims. Newfoundland became a dominion in 1907. Badly hit by the Great Depression, in 1934 it voluntarily surrendered its sovereignty to the UK. Newfoundland passed to Canada in 1949; currently it is known as the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
gd: Chaidh Talamh an Èisg agus Labradar a thuineachadh leis na Beothuk ro linn Cholombo ged a bha tuineachasan beaga aig na Lochlannaich ann cuideachd mun bhliadhna 1000 AD. Thadhail na Portagailich agus na Sasannaich air Talamh an Èisg a-mach o dheireadh na 15mh linn. Bha an dà chuid Sasann agus an Fhraing a' tagradh an eilein gu ruige 1713 nuair a ghèill na Frangaich. Chaidh uachdranachd a dhèanamh de Thalamh an Èisg ann an 1907. Dh'fhulaing e gu mòr rè an Ìsleachaidh Mhòir agus ghèill e uachdranachd dhan Rìoghachd Aonaichte gu saor-thoileach ann an 1934. Chaidh a thilleadh a Chanada ann an 1949 agus 's e Mòr-Roinn Talamh an Èisg agus Labrador an t-ainm a tha air aig an àm seo.

en: New Zealand
gd: Muinntir Shealainn Nuaidh

en: ?plural:New Zealanders
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shealainn Nuaidh

en: The island group of New Zealand was annexed by Britain in 1840. Following a royal proclamation in 1907, the country became an independent dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations.
gd: Chaidh eileanan Shealainn Nuaidh a ghabhail os làimh le Breatainn ann an 1840. Fhuair an dùthaich inbhe uachdranachd neo-eisimeileach am broinn Co-Fhlaitheas nan Nàiseanan an cois ballartachd rìoghail ann an 1907.

en: Nicaraguan
gd: Muinntir Niocaragua

en: ?plural:Nicaraguans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Niocaragua

en: The largest of the Central American republics, Nicaragua is known for its turbulent history. The country lived through numerous civil wars and foreign interventions until Anastasio Somoza established a notoriously corrupt dictatorship in the 1930s. His family continued to rule until 1979, when the last Somoza was overthrown by sandinista revolutionaries, starting 11 years of civil war between the sandinista government and the contras.
gd: 'S e Niocaragua a' phoblachd as motha am measg poblachdan Meadhan Aimeireaga agus tha a h-eachdraidh thoinnte ainmeil. Dh'fhulaing an dùthaich grunn chogaidhean catharra agus briseadh a-steach de dhùthchannan eile mus do stèidhich Anastasio Somoza ceannsalachd a bha ainmeil air sgàth 's cho coirbte a bha e sna 1930an. Bha a theaghlach ann an cumhachd gu ruige 1979 nuair a chaidh Somoza a chur à rèim le reabhlaid Sandinista agus thòisich seo 11 bhliadhna de chogadh catharra eadar riaghaltas nan Sandinista agus nan Contras.

en: Nigerian
gd: Muinntir Nigèiria

en: ?plural:Nigerians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nigèiria

en: Nigeria won full independence from British rule in 1960. It is the most populous country of Africa.
gd: Fhuair Nigèiria neo-eisimeileachd iomlan o Bhreatainn ann an 1960. 'S ise an dùthaich leis an t-sluagh as motha ann an Afraga.

en: Nigerien
gd: Muinntir Nìgeir

en: ?plural:Nigeriens
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nìgeir

en: Niger is a country in the Sahel region of West Africa, named after the Niger river. It achieved independence from France in 1960. Since then it has been ruled intermittently by civil and military governments. One of the poorest countries in the world, Niger ranks rock bottom in international rankings such as the Human Development Index. Niger has both the highest fertility rate and infant mortality rate in the world. Niger should not be confused with Nigeria.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an roinn Sahel Afraga an Iar a tha san Nìgeir, ainmichte air Abhainn Nìgeir. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd on Fhraing ann an 1960. Bha i a' dol eadar riaghaltasan an airm agus feadhainn chatharra on àm sin. 'S e aon dhe na dùthchannan as bochda dhen t-saoghal a tha innte agus tha i ag bun rangachaidhean eadar-nàiseanta leithid Inneacs an Leasachaidh Dhaonna. Tha an dà chuid an reat bhreithean agus an reat bàs leanabhan as àirde san t-saoghal aig Nìgeir. Thoir an aire nach co-ionnann Nìgeir agus Nigèiria.

en: Norman
gd: Muinntir Nòrmandaidh

en: ?plural:Normans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nòrmandaidh

en: After several devastating Viking raids on what is today northern France and a siege of Paris, the Frankish king Charles the Simple granted the Viking leader Rollo a fiefdom in the area. This fief evolved into the Duchy of Normandy, of which the most famous duke is William II "the Conqueror" who invaded England in 1066.
gd: Thug Rìgh Charles III na Frainge fìof do cheannard nan Lochlannach, Rollo, far a bheil Nòrmandaidh an-diugh an dèidh àireamh de chreachan sgriosail air taobh tuath na Frainge agus às dèidh dhaibh sèist a chur air Paras. Dh'fhàs am fìof 'na Dhiùcachd Nòrmandaidh agus b' e Uilleam II "an Ceannsaiche" a bhris a-steach air Sasann ann an 1066 an diùc as ainmeile dhiubh.

en: North Korean
gd: Muinntir Choirèa a Tuath

en: ?plural:North Koreans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Choirèa a Tuath

en: In 1945 Korea was split by the Soviet Union and the United States into two states along the 38th parallel, forming North Korea and South Korea. 60 years on, North Korea remains a communist state of the Stalinist type.
gd: Chaidh Coirèa a sgoltadh leis an Aonadh Sovietach agus na Stàitean Aonaichte ann an dà stàit a-rèir an 38mh domhan-leud ann an 1945, Coirèa a Tuath agus Coirèa a Deas. 60 bliadhna an dèidh sin, tha Coirèa a Tuath 'na stàit cho-mhaoineach Stalineach fhathast.

en: Great Leader %s
gd: Ceannard Mòr %s

en: ?female:Great Leader %s
gd: ?female:Ceannard Mòr %s

en: Northumbrian
gd: Muinntir Northumbria

en: ?plural:Northumbrians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Northumbria

en: The Northumbria was a Medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now northern England and southern Scotland. It was created after the unification of Bernicia and Deira by king Aethelfrith. One of the main states of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy, in the 10th century it was incorporated into England.
gd: 'S e rìoghachd nan Anglach a bha ann an Northumbria sna Meadhan-Aoisean far a bheil taobh a tuath Shasainn agus taobh a deas na h-Alba a-nis. Chaidh a chruthachadh tro aonadh Bernicia agus Deira le Rìgh Æthelfrith. B' ise aon dhen na prìomh stàitean ann an Seachd Rìoghachdan nan Angla-Shasannach agus chaidh a chur ri Sasann san 10mh linn.

en: Norwegian
gd: Muinntir Nirribhidh

en: ?plural:Norwegians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nirribhidh

en: After centuries of Danish rule, the Norwegians made their own constitution in Eidsvoll, 1814 CE. Finally, in 1905 CE the Norwegians got their independence after a union with Sweden.
gd: Chuir na Nirribhich ri chèile am bun-reachd aca fhèin ann an Eidsvoll ann an 1814 AD an dèidh linntean fo smachd na Danmhairge. Fhuair na Nirribhich an neo-eisimeileachd mu dheireadh thall ann an 1905 AD an dèidh aonaidh leis an t-Suain.

en: Nubian
gd: Muinntir Nubia

en: ?plural:Nubians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Nubia

en: A succession of kingdoms stretching roughly from the 1st to the 6th cataracts of the Nile river in modern Sudan and Egypt, Nubia was ancient Egypt's perennial neighbor, competitor, trading partner, enemy, and source of gold, slaves and soldiers to the south. The border between the two nations fluctuated time and time again. Lower Nubia was at times ruled by Egypt. The 25th Dynasty of Egypt, however, was a Nubian dynasty, and one that saw conflict with Assyria, which eventually wrested Egypt from Nubia. Brief conflict occurred with Rome in 24 BCE when Nubian armies routed the Roman garrison with its famed archers. Nubia was a nation shaped by its position between the Mediterranean world and the African interior. Large Nubian states centered on Napata and later Meroe broke into smaller Christian kingdoms which persisted into medieval times before being conquered by Muslim Arabs.
gd: Bha rìoghachdan Nubia ann eadar a' chiad 's an 6mh easach na Nìle far a bheil an Èiphit agus Sudàn an-diugh agus bha i 'na nàbaidh, co-fharpaisiche, co-mhalairtiche, nàmhaid, tùr òir, thràillean is shaighdearan dhan Èiphit àrsaidh. Bha a' chrìoch eadar an dà nàisean a' gluasadh air adhart 's air ais agus bha Nubia Ìochdarach fo smachd nan Èiphiteach aig amannan. Ge-tà, bha a' 25mh tànaisteachd Èiphiteach de shliochd Nubiach agus b' ann mun àm sin a rinn Aisirea cogadh ris an Èiphit agus ghlac iad an Èiphit aig a' cheann thall. Bha iad ann an còmhstri ris an Ròimh gu goirid ann an 24 RC nuair a ruaig airm Nubia an gearastan Ròmnanach leis na boghadairean ainmeil aca. Dh'fhàg ionad na dùthcha, eadar saoghal na Mara Meadhanaiche agus Afraga, lorg mòr air Nubia. Bhris stàitean mòra Nubia, le Napata agus Meroe mar phrìomh bhailtean, ann an rìoghachdan beaga Crìostail agus mhair iad ann gu ruige nam Meadhan-Aoisean nuair a chaidh an ceannsachadh le Arabaich Mhuslamach.

en: Pharaoh %s
gd: Phàraoh %s

en: ?female:Pharaoh %s
gd: ?female:Phàraoh %s

en: Great Pharaoh %s
gd: Phàraoh Mòr %s

en: ?female:Great Pharaoh %s
gd: ?female:Phàraoh Mhòr %s

en: Numidian
gd: Muinntir Numidia

en: ?plural:Numidians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Numidia

en: The Numidians were an ancient Berber people renowned for their horsemanship who were composed of two main tribes in modern Algeria and Tunisia: the Massyli in the east and the Massaesyli in the west. They were united under King Massinissa, whose position was guaranteed by his Roman allies after the 2nd Punic War in which he aided the Romans in their defeat of the Carthaginians. His unified kingdom was short-lived, however, as the west was given to the Mauretanian king by the Romans following the death of King Jugurtha. Eventually all of Numidia and Mauretania were added to the Roman realm.
gd: 'S e seann chinneadh nam Beirbear a bha sna Numidianaich agus bha iar ainmeil air an cuid eachraidh. Bha dà phrìomh threubhan annta far a bheil Aildirea agus Tuinisea an-diugh, na Massyli san ear agus na Massaesyli san iar. Chaidh an co-aonadh le Rìgh Massinissa a fhuair taic o na Ròmanaich an dèidh an dàrna chogaidh an aghaidh Cartago 's e 'gan cuideachadh le bhith a' toirt buaidh air na Cartagaich. Cha do mhair a rìoghachd fada ge-tà oir thug na Ròmanaich taobh an iar na dùthcha do rìgh Mauretania nuair a bhàsaich Rìgh Jugurtha. Chaidh an dà chuid Numidia agus Mauretania a chur ri Impireachd na Ròimhe aig a' cheann thall.

en: Nuu-chah-nulth
gd: Muinntir nan Nuučaan̓uł

en: ?plural:Nuu-chah-nulth
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Nuučaan̓uł

en: The Nuu-chah-nulth are a Pacific Northwest people, one of the few Native American peoples to travel in the open ocean and hunt whales. They inhabited most of what is now western Vancouver Island and now number over 8,000 individuals. Like other people of the Pacific Northwest, they built large wooden canoes and houses and lived in clan systems.
gd: 'S e cinneadh air cladach ear-thuath a' Chuain Sèimh a tha sna Nuučaan̓uł agus b' iad-san aon dhe na buidhnean ainneamh de thùsanaich ann an Aimeireaga a shiubhail air àird a' chuain agus a sheilg mhucan-mara ann. Bha còmhnaidh aca far a bheil taobh an iar Eilean Vancouver an-diugh agus tha mu thuaiream 8,000 dhiubh ann an-diugh. Mar a rinn cinnidhean eile air cladach ear-thuath a' Chuain Sèimh, thog iad canùthaichean agus taighean fiodha mòra agus bha sòisealtas aca a bha stèidhichte air cinnidhean.

en: Occitan
gd: Muinntir Occitania

en: ?plural:Occitans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Occitania

en: Although Occitania never had a real political unity (it consisted of several counties and duchies in today's southern France), its culture enjoyed great prestige all over Europe during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, Occitan being the language of troubadours. Its religious freedom allowed the flourishing of Catharism, which was declared heretic by the Pope, and the French kings took advantage of the subsequent crusade to annex its territory.
gd: Ged nach robh aonta poileataigeach aig Occitania a-riamh ('s e àireamh de shiorrachdan is diùcachdan taobh a deas na Frainge a bha ann) ach bhathar fìor mheasail air cultar Occitan nan troubadours air feadh na Roinn-Eòrpa eadar a' 11d linn agus an 13s linn. Bha Catharachd a' blàthadh ann leis gun robh saoirse creidimh ann an Occitania, ged a bha am Pàpa 'gan càineadh mar eiricich. Ghabh rìghrean na Frainge cothrom air a' chogadh-chroise ri linn sin gus greim fhaighinn air talamh Occitania.

en: Viscount %s
gd: Biocas %s

en: Viscountess %s
gd: Bana-bhiocais %s

en: Ohlone
gd: Muinntir nan Ohlone

en: ?plural:Ohlone
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Ohlone

en: Gatherers, hunters and fishermen, the Ohlone lived in over 40 bands stretching from the San Francisco Bay south to the Salinas Valley. They spoke eight distinct yet related languages and though they shared many cultural traits common to other Native Californian peoples, the Ohlone were also diverse in some finer aspects of culture. Their way of life changed dramatically when the Spanish arrived in 1769 and disease and the injustices of Mission life came to replace their earlier lives. Though the last fluent speaker of an Ohlone language died in 1939, the Ohlone are today federally recognized as 7 tribes.
gd: Bha na h-Ohlone 'nan cruinnichean, sealgairean is iasgairean agus a' fuireach eadar Bàgh San Francisco agus Srath Salinas san deas ann an 40 buidhnean. Bha ochd cànain eadar-dhealaichte aca a bha dàimh dhlùth eatarra agus ged a bha cuid mhath dhen chultar aca an cumantas le cinnidhean eile ann an California, bha diofar ann fhathast. Thàinig an dà latha air an dòigh bheatha aca nuair a ràinig na Spàinntich ann an 1769 agus thàinig tinneas is ana-ceartas beatha fo na miseanaraidhean an àite na beatha a bhiodh aca roimhe. Bhàsaich an neachd mu dheireadh a thog Ohlone aig a' ghlùn ann an 1939 ach tha 7 treubhan dhiubh air a chlàradh gu h-oifigeach.

en: Oldenburgian
gd: Muinntir Oldenburg

en: ?plural:Oldenburgians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Oldenburg

en: Initially a vassal of the dukes of Saxony, Oldenburg became a county directly suzerain to the Holy Roman Emperor in the 12th century. In 1450, when count Christian VI became king Christian I of Denmark, the country entered into a personal union with Denmark. A second union with Denmark existed from 1667 to 1773. Oldenburg's dynasty also ruled Schleswig-Holstein, Russia and Sweden at some point in time. Oldenburg became a grand duchy in 1815 and a republic in 1918. In 1931 it was the first German state to vote the Nazi Party into power. After World War II, Oldenburg was merged with Hanover to form the state of Lower Saxony.
gd: Bha Oldenburg 'na basaille aig diùcan Saxony an toiseach ach thàinig i fo smachd dìreach Impire Naomh na Ròimhe san 12na linn. Stèidhich an dùthaich aonadh pearsanta leis an Danmhairg ann an 1450 nuair a ghabh Christian VI na rìgh-chathrach mar Christian I na Danmhairge. Bha aonadh eile ann leis an Danmhairg eadar 1667 agus 1773. Bha sìol Oldenburg a' riaghladh Schleswig-Holstein, na Ruise agus na Suaine aig àm cuideachd. Fhuair i inbhe diùcachd mhòr ann an 1815 agus inbhe poblachd ann an 1918. B' ise a' chiad stàit sa Ghearmailt a thug bhòt dhan Phàrtaidh Nazitheach ann an 1931. Chaidh Oldenburg a cho-aonadh le Hannover an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir mar Saxony Ìochdarach.

en: Omani
gd: Muinntir Omàn

en: ?plural:Omanis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Omàn

en: Oman is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Before the arrival of Islam Oman was controlled by Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids.
gd: 'S e dùthaich Arabach ann an iar-dheas Àisea a tha ann an Omàn, air cladach ear-dheas a' Chinn-tìre Arabach. Bha smachd aig na h-Achaemenidich, na Parthianaich agus na Sassanidich air Omàn mus do ràinig Ioslam.

en: General Commander %s
gd: Seanalair Stiùiridh %s

en: ?female:General Commander %s
gd: ?female:Seanalair Stiùiridh %s

en: Ossetian
gd: Muinntir Ossetia

en: ?plural:Ossetians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Ossetia

en: Modern Ossetians are the successors of the Alans of Ancient history, who fled into the mountains during the Hunnic invasions. Around 800 CE an Alanic kingdom emerged in the Northern Caucasus, which continued to exist until the Mongol invasions. Nowadays Ossetians live in the Republic of North Ossetia (part of the Russian Federation) and in the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.
gd: 'S ann de shliochd Alanaich nan linntean àrsaidh a tha Ossetianaich ar làithean, an sluagh a theic dha na beanntan ri linn briseadh a-steach nan Hunnach. Dh'fhàs rìoghachd Alanach air taobh tuath nam Beanntan Cabhcasach mun bhliadhna 800 AD agus mhair i gus an dàinig na Mongolaich. Tha iad a' fuireach ann am Poblachd Ossetia a Tuath (a tha 'na pàirt de Cho-nasgadh na Ruise) agus Poblachd Ossetia a Deas nach eil ach cuid de dhùthchannan eile ag aithneachadh.

en: Ostrogothic
gd: Muinntir nan Ostrogothach

en: ?plural:Ostrogoths
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Ostrogothach

en: The Ostrogoths or Greuthungi (meaning people of the steppe, in contrast to the Visigoths-Tervingi, living in the more wooded areas) were an East Germanic people, one of the two tribes of Goths. They conquered Italy from Odoacer and founded their kingdom there. In the 5th century the Ostrogothic kingdom was crushed by the Byzantines in a war that depopulated much of Italy.
gd: 'S e muinntir Ear-Ghearmanach a bha sna h-Ostrogothaich (air neo na Greuthungi, muinntir nan steipean an coimeas ri Gothaich an Iar, na Tervingi, a bha a' fuireach ann an sgìrean na bu choilltiche) aonan dhen dà threubh Gothach mòr. Cheannsaich iad an Eadailt fo Odoacer agus stèidhich iad rìoghachd ann. Chaidh rìoghachd nan Ostrogothaich a sgriosadh leis na Biosantaich sa 5mh linn ann an cogadh anns an do bhàsaich cuid mhath de shluagh na h-Eadailte.

en: Ottoman
gd: Muinntir nan Otomanach

en: ?plural:Ottomans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Otomanach

en: In the beginning of the 14th century Osman, a leader of a minor Turkish tribe in western Anatolia, conquered all his neighboring tribes. A century later the Byzantine capital fell to Turkish rule which gave the Ottoman empire access to Europe. The Ottomans subsequently conquered large parts of south-eastern Europe, the Islamic Arab world as well as Egypt and much of North Africa, making it a regional superpower until its dissolution in the aftermath of World War I.
gd: Cheannsaich Osman,ceannard de threubh beag Turcach ann an taobh an iar Anatolia na treubhan gu lèir mun cuairt air aig toiseach na 14mh linne. Thuit prìomh bhaile nam Biosantach fo smachd nan Turcach ceud bliadhna an dèidh sin agus fhuair Impireachd nan Otomanach slighe a-steach dhan Roinn-Eòrpa leis. Cheannsaich na h-Otomanaich impireachd mhòr ann an ear-dheas na Roinn-Eòrpa, saoghal Ioslamach nan Arabach, san Èiphit agus Afraga a Tuath ceum air cheum agus bha i 'na h-impireachd air leth cumhachdach gus an deach i à bith an dèidh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir.

en: Padishah %s
gd: Pādeshāh %s

en: ?female:Padishah %s
gd: ?female:Pādeshāh %s

en: Ozite
gd: Muinntir Oz

en: ?plural:Ozites
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Oz

en: The land of Oz was created by L. Frank Baum in 1900 in 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' and was subsequently embellished in a number of other books. The country consists of four main territories: Winkie Country, Quadling Country, Munchkin Country, and Gillikin Country. Oz is surrounded by an impassable desert.
gd: Chaidh Dùthaich Oz a chruthachadh le L. Frank Baum ann an 1900 san leabhar 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' agus lean sreath leabhraichean a thug dealbh mionaideach air an t-saoghal sin. Tha ceithir dùthchannan 'na broinn, Dùthaich nam Winkie, Dùthaich nan Quadling, Dùthaich nam Munchkin agus Dùthaich nan Gillikin. Tha fàsach do-shùbhlach ceithir timcheall na dùthcha air fad.

en: Wizard %s
gd: Buidsiche %s

en: Witch %s
gd: Bana-bhuidseach %s

en: Pakistani
gd: Muinntir Phagastàn

en: ?plural:Pakistanis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phagastàn

en: The Federation of Pakistan was formed from the predominantly Muslim regions of British India in 1947.
gd: Chaidh Co-nasgadh Phagastàn a chruthachadh ann an 1947 far an robh sgìrean le mòrchuid Mhuslamach ann an Innseachan Bhreatainn.

en: Palatinate
gd: Muinntir a' Phalatinate

en: ?plural:Palatinate Germans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir a' Phalatinate

en: The Electoral Palatinate was one of the electorates of the Holy Roman Empire, located on the banks of the Rhine. It had a volatile political history, continuously splitting and reuniting. Elector Frederick V's capture of the Bohemian throne sparked the Thirty Years War in 1618, in which much of the area was devastated. The Palatinate was united in a personal union with Bavaria in 1777. Currently it is part of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, with smaller areas in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria.
gd: Bha am Palatinate Taghaidh 'na roinn-taghaidh aig Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe air bruachan na Rèine. Bha eachdraidh phoileataigeach chaochlaideach aige, a' dol o cho-aonadh gu briseadh. Nuair a ghlac Taghadair Frederick V rìgh-chathair Bohemia, dh'èirich Cogadh nan Trichead Bliadhna ann an 1618 agus chaidh cuid mhòr dhen sgìre a sgriosadh. Stèidhich am Palatinate aonadh pearsanta le Bavaria ann an 1777. Tha e 'na phàirt de stàit Ghearmailteach Rheinland-Pfalz a-nis, le pìosan beaga am broinn Baden-Württemberg agus Bavaria.

en: Count Palatine %s
gd: Pfalzgraf %s

en: Countess Palatine %s
gd: Pfalzgräfin %s

en: Palestinian
gd: Muinntir na Palastaine

en: ?plural:Palestinian
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Palastaine

en: Palestinians are the Arab inhabitants of the former British mandate of Palestine.
gd: 'S iad na Palastainich muinntir Arabach Phalastaine a bha fo smachd nam Breatannach aig àm.

en: Palmyrene
gd: Muinntir Palmyra

en: ?plural:Palmyrenes
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Palmyra

en: Palmyra was a breakaway Roman state in Asia governed by queen Zenobia. In 273 CE Aurelian brought it back under Roman control.
gd: 'S e stàit a bhris air falbh o Impireachd na Ròimhe fon bhànrigh Zenobia a bha ann am Palmyra. Chuir Aurelius e ris an Ròimh a-rithist ann an 273 AD.

en: Dictatrix %s
gd: Ceannsalaiche %s

en: Panamanian
gd: Muinntir Phanama

en: ?plural:Panamanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phanama

en: Located on a narrow isthmus connecting North and South America, Panama is world famous for the Panama canal. Panama declared independence from Colombia in 1903 under US protection. Panamanian politics remained dominated by the United States for most of the 20th century, most notably in 1989 when the United States launched a military invasion to unseat and arrest General Noriega. Sovereignty over the Canal Zone was transferred to Panama in 1999. Panama is one of the few countries in the world without a standing army.
gd: Tha Panama air tairbeart chaol eadar Aimeireaga a Tuatha 's a Deas agus tha i ainmeil air Slighe-uisge Phanama ann. Ghairm Panama neo-eisimeileachd o Choloimbia ann an 1903, fo dhìon nan SA. Bha làmh mhòr aig na Stàitean Aonaichte ann an saoghal poileataigeach Phanama fad cuid mhòr dhen 20mh linn, gu h-àraidh ann an 1989 nuair a bhris arm nan Stàitean Aonaichte a-steach air an dùthaich gus greim fhaighin air an t-Seanalair Noriega. Fhuair Panama uachdranachd air Slighe-uisge Phanama ann an 1999. 'S e Panama am measg àireamh bheag de dhùthchannan aig nach eil arm 'na sheasamh.

en: Governor-General %s
gd: Gavana-Jenerel %s

en: ?female:Governor-General %s
gd: ?female:Gavana-Jenerel %s

en: Papuan
gd: Muinntir Phaputha

en: ?plural:Papuans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phaputha

en: Paraguayan
gd: Muinntir Pharaguaidh

en: ?plural:Paraguayans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Pharaguaidh

en: Paraguay is located in the heartland of South America. It was conquered by the Spanish in the late 16th century. The colony was mostly controlled by the Jesuits until their expulsion in 1767. In 1811, Paraguay was the first South American country to achieve independence from Spain. A number of highly authoritarian rulers governed the country as a tyranny but also turned it into a military and economic powerhouse. The War of the Triple Alliance of 1864-1870 led to the near annihilation of Paraguay, which lost half of its territory and eighty per cent of its male population. Paraguay's history remains marked by instability and authoritarianism, alhough it managed to defeat Bolivia in the Chaco War of 1932-1936. For much of the 20th century the country was ruled by General Stroessner, who provided a safe haven for Nazi war criminals. Around the turn of the millennium however Paraguay started to see a democratic system of government and an impressive economic growth.
gd: Tha Paraguaidh an teis-mheadhan Aimeireaga a Deas. Chaidh a ceannsachadh leis na Spàinntich aig deireadh na 16mh linne. Bha an tuineachas cha mhòr gu tur fo smachd nan Ìosaid gus an deach a phutadh a-mach às an dùthaich ann an 1767. B' i Paraguaidh a' chiad dùthaich ann an Aimeireaga a Deas a fhuair neo-eisimeileachd on Spàinnt ann an 1811. Bha an dùthaich an uairsin fo smachd grunn riaghlaichean glè ain-tighearnail ach stèidhich iad arm agus eaconamaidh làidir cuideachd. Cha mhòr gun deach Paraguaidh a sgriosadh gu tur ann an Cogadh Caidreachas nan Triùir 1864-1870 agus chaill i an dàrna leth dhe talamh agus ochdad sa cheudad dhen t-sluagh fhireannach. Tha neo-sheasmhachd agus ain-tighearnas 'na chomharra air Paraguaidh fhathast, ged a chaidh aice air buaidh a thoirt air Boilibhia ann an Cogadh Chaco 1932-1936. Bha an dùthaich fo smachd Seanalair Stroessner cuid mhòr dhen 20mh linn, fear a thug teàrmann do dh-eucoirich Nazitheach a' chogaidh. Fhuair Paraguaidh riaghaltas deamocratach aig fìor dheireadh na 20mh linne ge-tà agus deagh fhàs eaconomach.

en: Pashtun
gd: Muinntir Phachtunastàn

en: ?plural:Pashtuns
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phachtunastàn

en: The Pashtuns are an ethnic group that lives mainly in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They speak Pashto, a language closely related to Persian, and live by an age-old code of honor known as Pashtunwali.
gd: Tha na Pachtunaich a' fuireach eadar Afghanastàn agus Pagastàn. Tha iad a' bruidhinn Pachtunais, cànan aig a bheil dàimh dhlùth ris an Fharsi agus tha iad a' leantainn còd onoire àrsaidh air a bheil Pakhtunwali.

en: Peruvian
gd: Muinntir Phearù

en: ?plural:Peruvians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phearù

en: Peru was the cradle of the Inca Empire and civilization. It is still today a major center of indigenous South American culture.
gd: B' e Pearù creathall impireachd agus sìobhaltas nan Inka. Tha i 'na prìomh aonad cultar dùthchasach Aimeireaga a Deas fhathast an-diugh.

en: Phoenician
gd: Muinntir Phenice

en: ?plural:Phoenicians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phenice

en: Phoenicia was an ancient civilization, based in what is now the coastal regions of Lebanon and Syria. They spoke a Canaanite language related to Hebrew and were famed mariners. Their alphabet served as the source of the Greek alphabet, and from there evolved into the Etruscan and Latin alphabets as well. The Greeks and Romans knew them for their manufacture of purple dye from the murex shell, which gave them their Greek and Latin names. They referred to themselves as Kan'ani and their Punic (Carthaginian) descendants in St. Augustine's day called themselves Chanani.
gd: 'S e sìobhaltas àrsaidh a bha ann am Phenice far a bheil cladach Leabanon is Shiridhea an-diugh. Bha cànan Canàanach aca aig an robh dàimh ris an Eabhra agus 's e seòladairean cliùiteach a bha annta. Bha an aibidil aca 'na bhun-stèidh do dh'aibidil nan Greugach dh'fhàs na h-aibidilean Etruscach is Laideannach aiste an uairsin. Bha na Greugach 's na Ròmanaich eòlach oirre mar saothraichean an datha phurpaidh de shligean murex agus thàinig an ainmean Greugach is Ròmanach on dath seo. 'S e Kan'ani an t-ainm a bha aca orra fhèin agus 's e Chanani an t-ainm a bha air an sìol Chartagach ri linn St Augustin.

en: Piedmontese
gd: Muinntir Piedmont

en: ?plural:Piedmontese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Piedmont

en: Piedmont was formed when the Duchy of Savoy elevated itself to the status of a kingdom in 1720. Officially it was a constituent part of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. The area was occupied by Napoleon in 1796 but reasserted its independence in 1814. Sardinia-Piedmont was one of the leading states of the Risorgimiento, Italy's national rebirth. In 1861 it was merged into the newly formed kingdom of Italy, the last Piedmontese king becoming the first king of Italy. Currently it is one of the regions of Italy.
gd: Chaidh Piedmont a chruthachadh nuair a thug Diùcachd Savoy inbhe rìoghachd dhi fhèin ann an 1720. Bha i 'na pàirt de Rìoghachd Sardinia-Piedmont gu h-oifigeach. Chaidh an sgìre a ghabhail os làimh le Napoleon ann an 1796 ach ath stèidhich i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1814. B' e Sardinia-Piedmont aon dhe na stàitean a bu chudromaiche san Risorgimiento, ath bhreith nàiseanta na h-Eadailte. Chaidh a chur ri rìoghachd na h-Eadailte a bha air ùr bhreith ann an 1861 agus b' e rìgh Piedmont a' chiad rìgh na h-Eadailte. Tha i 'na mòr-sgìre san Eadailt an-diugh.

en: Prussian
gd: Muinntir na Pruise

en: ?plural:Prussians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Pruise

en: Prussia was originally the name of a pagan Baltic people, who in the 13th century were conquered by the German Teutonic Knight order. The knights established an independent state in this land, and in 1561 Grand Master Albrecht I proclaimed himself hereditary Duke of Prussia. Evolving into a regional military powerhouse, Prussia played an important role in uniting the German nation in 1871 and solidified its power during the Franco-Prussian war of the same year.
gd: 'S e a' Phruis an t-ainm a bha air cinneadh Baltach pàganach a thùs ach chaidh an ceannsachadh le òrdugh Ridirean Teutonach na Gearmailte san 13mh linn. Stèidhich na ridirean stàit neo-eisimeileach ann agus ghabh Maighstir Mòr Albrecht I inbhe oighreachail Diùc na Pruise dha fhèin ann an 1561. Dh'fhàs a' Phruis 'na stàit armailteach chumhachdach agus bha dreuchd cudromach aice ann an co-aonadh nàisean na Gearmailte ann an 1871 agus dhaingnich i a cumhachd rè a' chogaidh eadar an Fhraing 's a' Phruis a' bhliadhna sin.

en: Puerto Rican
gd: Muinntir Phorto Rìceo

en: ?plural:Puerto Ricans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Phorto Rìceo

en: The smallest of the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico was inhabited by the indigenous Taino people when it was conquered by the Spanish. It was conquered by the United States in 1898, just one year after Spain had granted autonomy to the island. Currently it is a US commonwealth, but its definitive status is still being discussed.
gd: 'S e Porto Rìceo am fear as lugha de dh'Eileanan Mòra Aintilia agus bha sluagh tùsanach, na Taino, a' fuireach ann nuair a chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Spàinntich. Chaidh iad-san a cheannsachadh leis na Stàitean Aonaichte ann an 1898, dìreach bliadhna an dèidh dhan Spàinnt fèin-riaghladh a thoirt dhan eilean. Tha e 'na cho-fhlaitheas aig na SA aig an àm seo ach tha deasbad ann fhathast mu inbhe dheireannach an eilein.

en: P'urhepecha
gd: Muinntir nam P'urhepecha

en: ?plural:P'urhepecha
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam P'urhepecha

en: Quebecois
gd: Muinntir Québec

en: ?plural:Quebecois
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Québec

en: Quebec is the largest province of Canada, housing the majority of the Francophone population of America.
gd: 'S e Québec a' mhòr-roinn as motha ann an Canada agus tha a' chuid as motha de luchd-bruidhinn na Fraingise a' fuireach ann.

en: Riffian
gd: Muinntir na Rif

en: ?plural:Riffians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Rif

en: The Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif was a short-lived nation founded in September 1921 when Riffians revolted against the Spanish and Moroccans. The country was conquered by the Spanish and French in 1926. The area is now part of Morocco.
gd: 'S e nàisean nach do mhair fada a bha ann am Poblachd Co-nasgadh Treubhan na Rif a chaidh a stèidheachadh san t-Sultain 1921 nuair a dh'èirich na Rif ann an aramach an aghaidh nan Spàinnteach 's nam Morocach. Chaidh an dùthaich a cheannsachadh leis na Spàinntich agus na Fraingich ann an 1926. Tha an sgìre 'na phàirt de Mhoroco a-nis.

en: Rio-Grandense
gd: Muinntir Rio Grande

en: ?plural:Rio-Grandenses
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Rio Grande

en: The Rio-Grandense Republic or Piratini Republic existed in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul from 1836 to 1845. It fought the War of Tatters against the Brazilian Imperial Army and was supported by Giuseppe Garibaldi amongst others.
gd: Mhair Poblachd Rio Gradense no Poblach Piratini ann an Rio Grande do Sul, stàit sa Bhraisil, eadar 1836 agus 1845. Shabaid i an aghaidh Arm Impireil Bhraisil ann an Cogadh nan Luideagan agus bha Giuseppe Garibaldi a' cur taic riutha, am measg dhaoine eile.

en: Romanian
gd: Muinntir Romàinia

en: ?plural:Romanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Romàinia

en: Romania as a nation was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, when the states of Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia merged. It is a country inhabited by people speaking a language reminiscent from the time of ancient Rome. Its history is convoluted as it was always at the borders of great empires: Roman, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian.
gd: Chaidh Romàinia a stèidheachadh mar nàisean aig toiseach na 20mh linne nuair a thàinig stàitean Transylvania, Wallachia agus Moldobha còmhla. Tha freumhan an cànan aca sa Laideann a thug na Ròmanaich ann. Tha eachdraidh thoinnte aice 's i crìoch ri crìoch le impireachdan mòra nan Ròmanach, nan Otomanach, na h-Ostaire 's na h-Ungaire agus na Ruise.

en: Director-President %s
gd: Ceann-suidhe Stiùiriche %s

en: ?female:Director-President %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-suidhe Stiùiriche %s

en: The Kievan Rus' were a Medieval Slavic monarchy. It was centered in Kiev after that city was conquered by Oleg of Novgorod. In the 13th century the Rus' succumbed to a Mongol invasion. The Rus' were the precursors of the modern East Slavic nations.
gd: 'S e monarcachd Shlàbhach nam Meadhan-Aoisean a bha sna Rus Kiev. B' e Kiev meadhan na dùthcha às dèidh do dh'Oleg Novgorod a ghabhail os làimh. Thuit na Rus san 13mh linn nuair a bhris na Mongolaich a-steach air an dùthaich. B' iad na Rus sinnsirean stàitean Slàbhach ar làithean.

en: Rwandan
gd: Muinntir Rubhanda

en: ?plural:Rwandans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Rubhanda

en: Rwanda is a hilly and very fertile country in the Great Lakes region of eastern Africa. It supports the densest population of the continent.
gd: 'S e dùthaich chnocach is glè thorrach a tha ann an Rubhanda ann an sgìre nan Lochan Mòra ann an Afraga an Ear. Tha an dùmhlachd-shluaigh as àirde san t-saoghal ann.

en: Ryukyuan
gd: Muinntir nan Eilean Ryūkyū

en: ?plural:Ryukyuans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Eilean Ryūkyū

en: The Ryukyu Kingdom (1372-1879) was the Land of Propriety, a peaceful maritime trading nation eventually invaded, occupied, and annexed by Japan.
gd: 'S e Dùthaich na Dìlseachd a bha ann an Rìoghachd Ryūkyū (1372-1879), nàisean sìtheil de luchd-malairt na mara. Thug na Seapanaich ionnsaigh oirre aig a' cheann thall agus chaidh fhilleadh a-steach dhan t-Seapan.

en: Sahrawi
gd: Muinntir Sathara an Iar

en: ?plural:Sahrawis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sathara an Iar

en: The Sahrawi are the inhabitants of the Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. Morocco currently controls most of the area, which is considered an illegal occupation by most of the international community. The Moroccan Army and Sahrawi Polisario rebels have been fighting each other since 1975.
gd: 'S iad na Sahrawi luchd-còmhnaidh Sathara an Iar, àite a bha 'na thuineachas Spàinnteach roimhe. Tha smachd aig Moroco air a' chuid as motha dhen sgìre aig an àm seo ach tha a' mhòrchuid dhen choimhearsnachd eadar-nàiseanta sa bheachd gur e tìr-ghabhail mhì-laghail a tha seo. Tha Arm Mhoroco agus reubaltaich Sahrawi Polisario air a bhith a' sabaid an aghaidh a chèile a-mach o 1975.

en: Salvadoran
gd: Muinntir an t-Salbhadoir

en: ?plural:Salvadorans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir an t-Salbhadoir

en: Sami
gd: Muinntir Sápmi

en: ?plural:Sami
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sápmi

en: The Sami are a people of northern Scandinavia. Their nation spans over the northernmost regions of the Scandinavian countries and northwestern Russia.
gd: Tha na Sámi a' fuireach ann an taobh tuath Lochlainn. Tha nàiseanan nan Sámi ann air feadh sgìrean tuathach Lochlainn is iar-thuath na Ruise.

en: Sammarinese
gd: Muinntir San Marino

en: ?plural:Sammarinese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir San Marino

en: San Marino is a tiny landlocked country on the Italian Peninsula. It is the oldest independent republic in the world. According to legend, it was founded by Saint Marinus in 301 CE.
gd: 'S e dùthaich fìor bheag gun chladach sam bith a tha ann an San Marino, am broinn na h-Eadailte. 'S ise a' phoblachd neo-eisimeileach as sine san t-saoghal. A-rèir nan seann sgeulachdan, chaidh a chur air bhonn le Naomh Marinus ann an 301 AD.

en: Captain-Regent %s
gd: Cappitano-Regente %s

en: ?female:Captain-Regent %s
gd: ?female:Capitano Regente %s

en: Samogitian
gd: Muinntir Samogitia

en: ?plural:Samogitians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Samogitia

en: Samogitia - historical country near the Baltic Sea - home to the last pagans in Europe (official until 1413). Today, Samogitia is a region of Lithuania.
gd: Tha Samogitia 'na dhùthaich eachdraidheil faisg air a' Mhuir Bhaltach, dachaigh nam pàganach mu dheireadh san Roinn-Eòrpa (gu ruige 1413 gu h-oifigeach). Tha Samogitia 'na sgìre dhen Liotuain an-diugh.

en: Sarmatian
gd: Muinntir Sarmatia

en: ?plural:Sarmatians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sarmatia

en: The Sarmatians were Iranian pastoral tribes from Central Asia and Southwest Siberia. They were closely related to the Saka and the Scythians. The myth of the origin from the Sarmatians formed the basis of the Polish culture from the 15th to the 18th century.
gd: 'S e treubhan iniltearach Iorànach o Mheadhan Àisea is iar-dheas na Sibìre a tha sna Sarmatianaich. Bha dàimh dhlùth aca ris na Saka agus na Scythianaich. Bha fionn-sgeul tùs nan Sarmatianach 'na bhun-stèidh cultar nam Pòlainneach eadar an 15mh is an 18mh linn.

en: Saudi
gd: Muinntir nan Sabhd

en: ?plural:Saudis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Sabhd

en: Saudi Arabia is located on the Arabian Peninsula and includes Mecca and Medina, the holiest sites of Islam. The First Saudi state was established in 1744. Current Saudi Arabia dates from the union of Hejaz and Nejd in 1925. Named after its ruling dynasty, the house of Saud, Saudi Arabia is one of the last countries retaining an absolute monarchy. It has the largest proven oil reserves of the world.
gd: Tha Aràibia nan Sabhd air Ceann-tire Aràibia agus tha Mecca is Medina am broinn na dùthcha, an dà àite as naoimhe aig Ioslam. Chaidh a' chiad stàit nan Sabhd a stèidheachadh ann an 1744. Tha Aràibia nan Sabhd ar làithean a' dol air ais gu aonadh Hijāz is Najd ann an 1925. Tha i air a h-ainmeachadh air a tànaisteachd riaghlaidh, taigh nan Sabhd agus tha i am measg nam monarcachdan absaloideach mu dheireadh san t-saoghal. Tha na stòrasan ola dearbhte as motha an t-saoghail aice cuideachd.

en: Savoyard
gd: Muinntir Savoy

en: ?plural:Savoyards
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Savoy

en: Savoy emerged in the Western Alps after the disintegration of the Burgundian Kingdom. Its dynasty established control over Sardinia and Piedmont and later all of Italy. Savoy's growth and survival over the centuries were not based on spectacular conquests, but on gradual territorial expansion through marriage and methodical and highly manipulative political acquisitions. Savoy itself was annexed by France in 1860.
gd: Nochd Savoy ann an Alpan an Iar an dèidh tuiteam Rìoghachd Burgundy. Fhuair i smachd air Sardinia is Piedmont agus an uairsin air an Eadailt gu lèir. Dh'fhàs is mhair Savoy beò tro na linntean an cois leudachadh mean air mhean tro phòsadh is seilbheachadh poileataigeach ro-innleachdail, seach ceannsachadh mòr. Chaidh Savoy i fhèin a ghabhail os làimh leis an Fhraing ann an 1860.

en: Saxon
gd: Muinntir Saxony

en: ?plural:Saxons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Saxony

en: The Electorate of Saxony was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356-1806.
gd: Bha Roinn-taghaidh Saxony 'na roinn-taghaidh oighreachail neo-eisimeileach de dh'Impireachd Naomh na Ròimhe eadar 1356 is 1806.

en: Schleswig-Holsteinian
gd: Muinntir Schleswig-Holstein

en: ?plural:Schleswig-Holsteinians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Schleswig-Holstein

en: For much of its history, the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein have been contested by Germany and Denmark. The territories were united in a personal union in 1375. In the 19th century, Schleswig-Holstein's confused status led to two wars between Denmark and Prussia, and in 1866 Schleswig-Holstein became a Prussian province. After World War I, Northern Schleswig was annexed by Denmark. Currently Schleswig-Holstein is a state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
gd: Bha a' Ghearmailt is an Danmhairg a' sabaid airson diùcachdan Schleswig is Holstein fad cuid mhòr dhe h-eachdraidh. Chaidh an dà ranntair a cho-aonadh ann an aonadh pearsanta ann an 1375. Dh'adhbharaich staid neo-sheasmhach Schleswig-Holstein dà chogadh eadar an Danmhairg is a' Phruis san 19mh linn agus rinn a' Phruis mòr-roinn de Schleswig-Holstein ann an 1866. Chaidh Schleswig a Tuath a ghabhail os làimh leis an Danmhairg an dèidh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir. Tha Schleswig-Holstein 'na stàit de Phoblachd Fheadarail na Gearmailte.

en: Scottish Gaelic
gd: Gàidheil na h-Alba

en: Both Gaels and the Gaelic language were brought to Scotland by the Dalriada dynasty from Ireland. They first settled in Argyll (Earra Ghaidheal or the Coastland of the Gael) and soon expanded further into territory held by the indigenous Picts and culminating in Kenneth MacAlpin uniting the kingdoms of the Picts and Gaels around 843 CE. By the time of Malcolm III, Gaelic was the majority language of Scotland, as far south as Strathclyde, Galloway and parts of Lothian and the Borders. Today some 60,000 speakers of Gaelic remain, about half of which live in the Scottish Highlands and Islands, the other half living all over Scotland, in particular the Central Belt.
gd: Thàinig an dà chuid a' Ghàidhlig agus na Gàidheil a dh'Alba à Èirinn ri linn rìoghachd Dhail Riada. Ghabh iad còmhnaidh ann an Earra Ghàidheal an toiseach agus leudaich iad an cuid talamh gu luath 's iad a' gabhail os làimh sgìrean nan Cruithneach suas gus a' bhliadhna 843 AD nuair a cho-aonaich Coinneach MacAilpein rìoghachd nan Gàidheal agus nan Cruithneach. 'S i a' Ghàidhlig a bha aig a' chuid a bu mhotha dhen t-sluagh air feadh Alba ann an linn Calum III, cho fada deas ri Srath Chluaidh, Gall-Ghaidhealaibh is cuid de Lodainn is nan Crìochan. Chan eil air fhàgail an-diugh ach mu 60,000 de luchd-bruidhinn na Gàidhlig an-diugh, an dàrna cuid dhiubh sna h-eileanan agus air a' Ghàidhealachd agus a' chuid eile air feadh na h-Alba, gu h-àraidh ann an Roinn a' Mheadhain.

en: Clan Chief %s
gd: Ceann-cinnidh %s

en: ?female:Clan Chief %s
gd: ?female:Ceann-cinnidh %s

en: First Minister %s
gd: Prìomh Mhinistear %s

en: ?female:First Minister %s
gd: ?female:Prìomh Mhinistear %s

en: Scottish
gd: Muinntir na h-Alba

en: ?plural:Scots
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Alba

en: Scotland, originally settled in late Roman times by Irish raiders who displaced the native Picts, was an independent kingdom from around 1034 CE to the Union of Crowns with England in 1701.
gd: Chaidh Alba a thuineachadh le Gàidheil à Èirinn aig deireadh linn nan Ròmanach 's chaidh iad an àite nan Cruithneach dùthchasach. Bha i na rìoghachd neo-eisimeileach on bhliadhna 1034 AD gu Aonadh nan Crùn le Sasainn ann an 1701.

en: Scythian
gd: Muinntir Scythia

en: ?plural:Scythians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Scythia

en: The Scythians or Scyths were an Ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe, known at the time as Scythia. By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in this area. Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus (c. 440 BCE) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto, and archaeologically from the exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia.
gd: 'S e muinntir Iorànach àrsaidh a bha sna Scythianaich, daoine marcach, iniltearach aig an robh làn smachd air steipean Pontach is Caspach air feadh na linne chlasaigeach agus 's e Scythia an t-ainm a bha aig daoine air an dùthaich. Fhuair na Sarmatianaich, cinneadh a bha dlùth an dàimh ris na Scythianaich, làmh an uachdar air an sgìre seo aig deireadh na Linne Chlasaigeach. Tha mòran dhen fhiosrachadh a tha againn orra a' tighinn à Eachdraidhean an eachdraiche Ghreugaich Herodotus (mun bhliadhna 440 RC) agus dàn eilthireachd Ovid 'Epistulae ex Ponto' agus fianais àrc-eòlach na h-ealain òir a chaidh a lorg sna tomain tìodhlacaidh san Ucràin agus Ruis a Deas.

en: Seleucid
gd: Muinntir Seleucia

en: ?plural:Seleucids
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Seleucia

en: The Seleucid Empire was one of the diadochi states founded when Alexander the Great's generals carved up his empire after his death. It was named after its founder Seleucus I Nicator. Centered in Syria, the Seleucids were the most powerful of the diadochi states but eventually succumbed to Rome in the last century BCE.
gd: B' e Impireachd nan Seleucideach aon dhe na stàitean diádochi a chaidh a stèidheachadh nuair a sgoilt seanalairean Alexander Mhòir impireachd an dèidh a bhàis. Chaidh a h-ainmeachadh air a stèidhicheir Seleucus I Nicator. Bha a meadhan ann an Siridhea agus b' iad na Seleucidich an stàit a bu chumhachdaiche am measg nan stàitean diádochi ach thuit i fo ionnsaigh na Ròimhe aig a' cheann thall sa linn mu dheireadh RC.

en: Senegalese
gd: Muinntir Sheanagail

en: ?plural:Senegalese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sheanagail

en: Senegal is the westernmost country of mainland Africa. It has been independent from France since 1960. Senegal is relatively stable and democratic compared to its neighbors.
gd: 'S e Seanagal an dùthaich as fhaide siar air tìr-mòr Afraga. Fhuair e neo-eisimeileachd on Fhraing ann an 1960. Tha Seanagal gu math seasmhach agus deamocratach an coimeas ris a nàbaidhean.

en: Serbian
gd: Muinntir na Sèirbe

en: ?plural:Serbians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Sèirbe

en: Serbia is part of the region of the Southern Slavs that was conquered by the Ottomans after the collapse of the Byzantine Empire.  During most of the 20th century it was part of the Yugoslav Federation.
gd: 'S e an t-Sèirb roinn nan Slàbhach Deasach a chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na h-Otomanaich an dèidh tuiteam Impireachd Bhiosaint. Bha i 'na pàirt dhen Cho-nasgadh Iùgoslabhach fad cuid mhòr dhen 20mh linn.

en: Shawnee
gd: Muinntir nan Shawnee

en: ?plural:Shawnee
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Shawnee

en: An Algonquian people, the Shawnee were led by Tikamthi (better known as Tecumseh) and his brother Tenskwatawa in trying to create a pan-native alliance against American expansionism but were ultimately unsuccessful and made to resettle in the Indian Territory (modern Oklahoma).
gd: 'S e sluagh Algonquianach a tha sna Shawnee agus rinn Tikamthu (a dh'aithnichear nas trice mar Tecumseh) agus bhràthair Tenskwatawa oidhirp caidreachas pan-tùsanach a chruthachadh an aghaidh leudachadh nan Aimeireaganach ach dh'fhairtlich orra aig a' cheann thall agus chaidh an ath thuineachadh ann an Indian Territory (air a bheil Oklahoma an-diugh).

en: Siberian
gd: Muinntir na Sibìre

en: ?plural:Siberians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Sibìre

en: Siberia is a historical and geographical region of Russia and the USSR. During the reign of the czars separatist sentiments prevailed amongst some Slavic colonists. In 1918 a Siberian Republic was proclaimed but it was annexed by the USSR after only a few months.
gd: 'S e sgìre eachdraidheil is chruinn-eòlach dhen Ruis is dhen USSR a tha san t-Sibìr. Bha cuid dhe na tuinichean Slàbhach ann am beachd neo-eisimeileachd rè àm nan tsaraichean. Chaidh Poblachd Shibìreach a ghairm ann an 1918 ach chaidh a chur ris an USSR an dèidh beagan mhìosan.

en: Sicilian
gd: Muinntir Shisilidh

en: ?plural:Sicilians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shisilidh

en: Sicily is the largest island of Italy. It has been ruled by Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Byzantines and Arabs. In the 11th century the Normans founded the Kingdom of Sicily which gradually became one of Italy's more powerful states. In 1816 it was merged with Naples into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies which was united with Italy in 1861.
gd: 'S i Sisilidh an t-eilean as motha san Eadailt. Bha i fo smachd nan Greugach, nan Cartagach, nan Ròmanach, nam Vandalach, nan Ostrogothach, nam Biosantach is nan Arabach. Stèidhich na Nòrmanaich Rìoghachd Shisilidh san 11d linn agus dh'fhàs i gus an robh i am measg nan stàitean a bu chumhachdaiche san Eadailt. Chaidh a cho-aonadh le Napoli ann an 1816 gus Rìoghachd an Dà Shisilidh a stèidheachadh agus a chaidh i fhèin a cho-aonadh leis an Eadailt ann an 1861.

en: Sikh
gd: Muinntir nan Sikh

en: ?plural:Sikhs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Sikh

en: Sikhs are the followers of a monotheistic religion originating from the Indian Subcontinent in the 15th century. The Punjab, on the border of Pakistan and India, is the heartland of Sikhism. In the 19th century a Sikh Empire existed in the region.
gd: 'S e luchd-leantainn de chreideamh aon-diadhach (a nochd sna h-Innseachan san 15mh linn) a tha sna Sikh. 'S e am Panjab, air crìochan Pagastàn is nan Innseachan, cridhe creideamh nan Sikh. Bha Impireachd Sikj san sgìre sin san 19mh linn.

en: Sikkimese
gd: Muinntir Sikkim

en: ?plural:Sikkimese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sikkim

en: Wedged between Nepal and Bhutan, the Himalayan kingdom of Sikkim was ruled by a lineage of monarchs known as chogyals for centuries, until becoming the 22nd state of India in 1975.
gd: Bha Rìoghachd Sikkim, a bha sàthte eadar Neapàl agus Butàn sna Beanntan Himalaya, fo riaghladh sliochd rìghrean fad linntean ris an canar chogyal gus an deach a chur ris na h-Innseachan ann an 1975 mar an 22mh stàit.

en: Silesian
gd: Muinntir Silesia

en: ?plural:Silesians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Silesia

en: Silesia is a region of southern Poland that was at one time an independent kingdom.
gd: 'S e sgìre ann an taobh a deas na Pòlainne a tha ann agus bha i 'na rìoghachd neo-eisimeileach aig àm.

en: Singaporean
gd: Muinntir Shingeapòir

en: ?plural:Singaporeans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shingeapòir

en: Singapore is a mercantile city-state located at the southernmost tip of the Malaysian Peninsula.
gd: 'S e stàit-bhaile mharsantach a tha ann an Singeapòr air fìor cheann a deas Ceann-tìre Mhalaidhsea.

en: Slavic
gd: Muinntir nan Slàbhach

en: ?plural:Slavs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Slàbhach

en: The Slavs are a modern linguistic group of several nations in Eastern Europe with common historical roots. The origin of the Slavs is not known precisely, therefore there are many hypotheses trying to explain them. Their sudden appearance in the history of civilized Europe may be related to the arrival of Iranian peoples and the expansion of the Huns.
gd: 'S e buidheann cànain de ghrunn nàiseanan ann an Roinn-Eòrpa an Ear aig a bheil freumh eachdraidheil an cumantas a tha sna Slàbhaich. Chan eil cinnt cò às a thàinig na Slàbhaich agus ri linn sin, tha iomadh teoiric ann a tha a' feuchainn ri mhìneachadh. Faodaidh gun do nochd iad san Roinn-Eòrpa cho obann an cois imrich nan cinnidhean Iorànach is tìr-ghabhail nan Hunnach.

en: Slovakian
gd: Muinntir na Slòbhaice

en: ?plural:Slovakians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Slòbhaice

en: Slovakia is a country in the heart of Europe. Formerly part of Czechoslovakia, until 1918 it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
gd: 'S e dùthaich an teis-mheadhan na Roinn-Eòrpa a tha san t-Slòbhac. Bha i 'na pàirt dhen t-Seic-Slòbhac roimhe agus bha i 'na pàirt de dh'Impireachd na h-Ostaire 's na h-Ungaire gu ruige 1918.

en: Slovenian
gd: Muinntir na Slòbhaine

en: ?plural:Slovenians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Slòbhaine

en: Slovenia was the most western and northern republic of the old Yugoslav Federation.
gd: B' e an t-Slòbhain a' phoblachd as fhaide siar is tuath de sheann Cho-nasgadh Iùgoslabhach.

en: Somali
gd: Muinntir Shomàilia

en: ?plural:Somalis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shomàilia

en: Somalia is a country in the Horn of Africa. In ancient times Somalia was a trading hub. At the end of the 19th century it was colonized by Britain and Italy. Somalia regained its independence in 1960. The military under general Siad Barre seized power in 1969. Siad Barre unsuccessfully tried to root out the country's clan system. In 1991 he was overthrown. The country has been without a functioning government ever since.
gd: 'S e dùthaich air Còrn Afraga a tha ann an Somàilia. Bha Somàilia 'na mheadhan malairt sna linntean o shean. Chaidh a thuineachadh le Breatann 's an Eadailt aig deireadh na 19mh linne. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd air ais ann an 1960. Ghlac an t-arm fo Siad Barre cumhachd san dùthaich ann an 1969. Rinn Siad Barre oidhirp ach cha do shoirbhich leis cur às dha rian nan cinnidhean san dùthaich. Chaidh a chur à rèim ann an 1991. Cha robh riaghaltas gnìomhach aig an dùthaich a-mach on àm sin.

en: Sorbian
gd: Muinntir na Sòirbe

en: ?plural:Sorbs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Sòirbe

en: The Sorbs are West Slavic people living in the East of Germany in Eastern Saxony and Southern Brandenburg (Lusatia). The region has historically been associated with Poland and Bohemia.
gd: 'S e sluagh Slàbhach Siarach a tha sna Sòrbaich agus tha iad a' fuireach ann an taobh an ear na Gearmailte eadar Saxony an Ear agus Brandenburg a Deas (Lusatia). Tha ceanglaichean eachdraidheil aig an sgìre ris a' Phòlainn agus Bohemia.

en: South African
gd: Muinntir Afraga a Deas

en: ?plural:South Africans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Afraga a Deas

en: Dutch settlers began colonizing southern Africa in the 17th century. After many wars between primarily Boers (descendants of Dutch settlers), British forces and Zulus, the Union of South Africa was created in 1910. The South African government became notorious for its "apartheid" policy of legal inequality based on the color of a citizen's skin. Following the adoption of the country's first non-racist constitution in 1994, long-time political prisoner Nelson Mandela became the first truly democratically elected president of South Africa.
gd: Thòisich tuinichean Duitseach air taobh a deas Afraga a thuineachadh san 17mh linn. Chaidh Aonadh Afraga a Deas a chruthachadh ann an 1910 an dèidh iomadh cogadh, gu h-àraidh eadar na Boer (sìol nan tuinichean Duitseach), feachdan Bhreatainn agus na Zulu. Choisinn riaghaltas Afraga a Deas droch chliù air sgàth a' phoileasaidh "apartheid" a bha a' stèidhich neo-chothromachd laghail eadar dhaoine air sgàth dath an craicinn. Chaidh Nelson Mandela a thaghadh mar a' ciad cheann-suidhe fìor dheamocratach às dèidh do dh'Afraga a Deas gabhail ri bun-reachd nach robh claon-bhreitheach ann an 1994.

en: South American
gd: Muinntir Aimeireaga a Deas

en: ?plural:South Americans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Aimeireaga a Deas

en: The Union of South American Nations was formed in 2008, modeled after the European Union, but panamericanism has already existed since the 19th century.
gd: Chaidh Aonadh Nàiseanan Aimeireaga a Deas a chur air bhonn ann an 2008, stèidhichte air modail an Aonaidh Eòrpaich ach rugadh pan-aimeireagachd san 19mh linn.

en: South Korean
gd: Muinntir Choirèa a Deas

en: ?plural:South Koreans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Choirèa a Deas

en: Formerly the site of a unified Korean state, the Korean peninsula is today divided into two states - North and South Korea - as a result of the stalemate after the Korean War in 1953. The South Korean government was formed from the nationalist and anti-communist "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in 1948.
gd: 'S e aon stàit aonaichte a b' àbhaist a bhith ann an Coirèa ach tha ceann-tìre Choirèa air a sgoltadh ann an dà stàit an-diugh - Coirèa a Deas is a Tuath - ri linn clos-cluiche aig deireadh Cogadh Choirèa ann an 1953. Chaidh Riaghaltas Choirèa a Deas a chruthachadh ann an 1948, stèidhichte air "Riaghaltas Sealadach Poblachd Choirèa" a bha an dà chuid nàiseantach agus an aghaidh nan co-mhaoineach.

en: South Vietnamese
gd: Muinntir Bhiet-Nam a Deas

en: ?plural:South Vietnamese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhiet-Nam a Deas

en: South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was the American-backed state during the Vietnam War. The country was reunited with North Vietnam after it was conquered by communist forces in 1975.
gd: B' e Bhiet-Nam a Deas - air an robh Poblachd Bhiet-Nam gu h-oifigeach - an stàit ris an dug na h-Aimeireaganaich taic rè Cogadh Bhiet-Nam. Chaidh a cho-aonadh le Bhiet-Nam a Tuath nuair a thug na feachdan co-mhaoineach buaidh oirre ann an 1975.

en: Madame %s
gd: Bà %s

en: South Yemeni
gd: Muinntir Eaman a Deas

en: ?plural:South Yemenis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Eaman a Deas

en: The area around Aden was colonized by the British in 1839. South Yemen declared independence in 1967 and joined the communist bloc. It was united with North Yemen in 1990.
gd: Chaidh sgìre Aden a thuineachadh leis na Breatannaich ann an 1839. Ghairm Eaman a Deas neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1967 agus chaidh i an sàs bloc nan co-mhaoineach. Chaidh a cho-aonadh le Eaman a Tuath ann an 1990.

en: Soviet
gd: Muinntir an Aonaidh Sovietach

en: ?plural:Soviets
gd: ?plural:Muinntir an Aonaidh Sovietach

en: The history of the Soviet Union starts in November 1917, when under Lenin's leadership a Bolshevik revolution occurred. On December 31 1922, four Soviet republics integrated into one country. The Soviet Union became one of the most powerful states in the 20th century, but by the end of 1991 it had disintegrated into fifteen independent countries due to social and economic problems.
gd: Thòisich eachdraidh an Aonaidh Sovietaich ann an 1917 nuair a dh'èirich reabhlaid Bolshevik fo cheannardas Lenin. Thàinig ceithir poblachdan Sovietach còmhla mar aon dùthaich 31 dhen Dùbhlachd 1922. B' e an t-Aonadh Sovietach aon dhe na stàitean a bu chumhachdaiche san 20mh linn ach bha i air briseadh ann an còigh dùthchannan neo-eisimeileach deud aig deireadh 1991 an cois dhuilgheadasan sòisealta is eaconamach.

en: Sri Vijaya
gd: Muinntir Sri Vijaya

en: ?plural:Sri Vijaya
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Sri Vijaya

en: Sri Vijaya was an empire centered on Palembang in eastern Sumatra and extended its control through much of the coastal regions of Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Malay peninsula. It was founded sometime in the 3rd century CE and lasted until roughly 1400, falling first to Jambi, then to Singhasari and other regional powers, including the South Indian Chola dynasty.
gd: 'S e impireachd a bha ann an Sri Vijaya a bha a meadhan ann am Palembang air taobh an ear Sumatra agus aig an robh smachd air cuid mhath de chladach Sumatra, Java, Borneo agus ceann-tìre Mhalaidhsea. Chaidh a chur air bhonn uaireigin san 3s linn AD agus mhair e gu ruige 1400 mu thuaiream agus thug Jambi agus an uairsin Singhasari agus cumhachdan ionadail eile buaidh oirre a-mach o sin, a' gabhail a-steach tànaisteachd Chola à taobh a deas nan Innseachan.

en: Sudanese
gd: Muinntir Shudàn

en: ?plural:Sudanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shudàn

en: In 1820 Sudan came under Egyptian rule and later British rule. Sudan became independent in 1956.
gd: Thàinig Sudàn fo smachd na h-Èiphite ann an 1820 agus an uairsin fo smachd nam Breatannach. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1956.

en: Surinamese
gd: Muinntir Shuranaim

en: ?plural:Surinamese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shuranaim

en: Suriname is the smallest independent country of South America. Originally it was inhabited by Arawak Indians. It was first colonized by the English who traded it with the Dutch for New Amsterdam, modern New York, in 1667. Suriname was granted self government in 1954 and became fully independent in 1975.
gd: 'S i Suranam an dùthaich neo-eisimeileach as lugha ann an Aimeireaga a Deas. B' iad na h-Arawak an sluagh tùsanach ann. Chaidh a thuineachadh an uairsin leis na Sasannaich a thug an dùthaich dha na Duitsich ann am malairt airson New Amsterdam, New York ar làithean-sa, ann an 1667. Fhuair Suranam fèin-riaghladh ann an 1954 agus fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd iomlan ann an 1975.

en: Sergeant %s
gd: Sàirdseant %s

en: ?female:Sergeant %s
gd: ?female:Sàirdseant %s

en: Swazi
gd: Muinntir nan Suasaidh

en: ?plural:Swazis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Suasaidh

en: The Swazi are a Bantu people of southern Africa. Under the leadership of Mswati II (1820 - 1868), the Swazis expanded their territory and stabilized the southern frontier with the Zulus.
gd: 'S e sluagh Bantu ann an Afraga a Deas a tha sna Suasaidh. Leudaich na Suasaidh an talamh aca fo cheannardas Mswati II (1820-1868) agus dhaingnich iad a' chrìoch dheas aca ris na Zulu.

en: Swiss
gd: Muinntir na h-Eilbheise

en: ?plural:Swiss
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Eilbheise

en: Switzerland has existed as a state in its present form since the adoption of the Swiss Federal Constitution in 1848. The precursors of modern Switzerland established a protective alliance at the end of the 13th century, forming a loose confederation of states which persisted for centuries.
gd: Tha stàit na h-Eilbheise mar a tha i an-diugh air a bhith ann on a chaidh Bun-reachd Fheadarail na h-Eilbheise aontachadh ann an 1848. Stèidhich sinnsirean Eilbheis ar làithean caidreachas dìon aig deireadh na 13s linne, co-nasgadh fuasgailte de stàitean a mhair fad linntean.

en: Federal Councillor %s
gd: Bundesrat %s

en: ?female:Federal Councillor %s
gd: ?female:Bundesrätin %s

en: Syrian
gd: Muinntir Shiridhea

en: ?plural:Syrians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Shiridhea

en: The modern Syrian Arab Republic was formed from a French mandate and gradually gained independence during the 1940s.
gd: Chaidh Poblachd Arabach Shiridhea ar làithean a stèidheachadh air mandat Frangach agus fhuai i neo-eisimeileachd mean air mhean sna 1940an.

en: Tairona
gd: Muinntir nan Tairona

en: ?plural:Tairona
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Tairona

en: A Chibchan-speaking people related to the Kuna of Panama and the Muisca of central Colombia, the Tairona inhabit the modern Magdalena and La Guajira Departments of northern Colombia. Their city of Teyuna was founded sometime around 500 BCE. The Tairona, living in a mountainous area, built stone steps and terraces on steep hillsides in order to farm the region. Though they fought against the Spanish for 75 years, eventually they succumbed to the various pressures that all Native American peoples were subject to during this period.
gd: Tha na Tairona a' fuireach far a bheil roinntean Madgalena is La Guajira ann an taobh a tuath Choloimbia an-diugh. Tha iad a' bruidhinn cànan dhen teaghlach Chibcha agus tha dàimh aca ris na Kuna ann am Panama agus na Mwiska ann am meadhan Choloimbia. Chaidh am baile aca, Teyuna, a chur air bhonn uaireigin mun bhliadhna 500 RC. Leis gun robh na Tairona a' fuireach ann an sgìre bheanntach, thog iad staidhrichean is uchdanan cloiche air bruthaichean casa gus àiteachas a dhèanamh ann. Ged a rinn iad strì ris na Spàinntich fad 75 bliadhna, strìochd iad dha na na h-èiginnean a bha a' tighinn air gach sluagh tùsanach sna h-Aimeireagan san linn sin.

en: Taiwanese
gd: Muinntir Thaidh-Bhàn

en: ?plural:Taiwanese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thaidh-Bhàn

en: The Republic of China was established in 1912 as the successor state of the Qing Empire, ending over two millennia of imperial rule in China. When the Chinese Nationalists who ruled the Republic lost a civil war against the Chinese Communists in 1949, the Nationalist government evacuated to the island of Taiwan, establishing Taipei as the provisional capital of the Republic of China.
gd: Chaidh Poblachd na Sìne a stèidheachadh ann an 1912 mar oighre stàit Impireachd nan Qīng agus thàinig barrachd air dà mhìle bliadhna de riaghladh impireil gu crìoch san t-Sìn leis a sin. Nuair a chaill Nàiseantaich na Sìne a' bha a' riaghladh na poblachd cogadh catharra an aghaidh Co-Mhaoinich na Sìne ann an 1949, theich riaghaltas nan Nàiseantach a dh'eilean Thaidh-Bhàn le Taipei mar phrìomh bhaile sealadach Poblachd na Sìne.

en: Tajik
gd: Muinntir Thaidigeastàn

en: ?plural:Tajiks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thaidigeastàn

en: Tajikistan is a nation in Central Asia. The Tajiks trace the foundation of their nation back to the Samanid Empire, one of the first Persian states to appear after the Arab conquest.
gd: 'S e nàisean ann an Àisea Mheadhanach a tha ann an Taidigeastàn. Tha freumhan an nàisean a' dol air ais gu Impireachd nan Samanideach a-rèir nan Taidigich, aon dhe na stàitean Peirseach tràtha a nochd an dèidh ceannsachadh nan Arabach.

en: Tanzanian
gd: Muinntir na Tansaine

en: ?plural:Tanzanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Tansaine

en: Tanzania was formed as a merger of the former British colonies of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964. For two decades the country was ruled by Julius Nyerere, who followed the tenets of African socialism. In 1985 Nyerere was the first African head of state to voluntarily step down.
gd: Chaidh an Tansan a chruthachadh tro cho-aonadh dà sheann tuineachasan Breatannach, Tanganyika agus Zanzibar, ann an 1964. Bha an dùthaich fo smachd Julius Nyerere fad fichead bliadhna, fear a bha a' leantainn feallsanachd sòisealachais Afragaich. Nuair a ghèill e a chumhachdan gu saor-thoileach ann an 1985, b' e Nyerere a' chiad cheann stàite ann an Afraga a rinn sin a-riamh.

en: Tatar
gd: Muinntir nan Tatarach

en: ?plural:Tatars
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Tatarach

en: The Tatars are a Turkic-speaking nation. Various Tatar states existed in the Middle Ages: Kazan, Crimea, Astrakhan, Sibir and other khanates. Nowadays Tatars live in many places in the former USSR. They have their own republic called Tatarstan in the Russian Federation and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine.
gd: 'S e nàisean agi a bheil cànan Turcach a tha sna Tataraich. Bha grunn stàitean Tatarach ann sna Meadhan-Aoisean: Kazan, a' Chrim, Astrachan, Sibir agus khanataichean eile. Tha a' chuid as motha dha na Tataraich sgapte air feadh seann USSR. Tha poblachd aca fhèin, Tatarstan, ann an Co-nasgadh na Ruise agus Poblachd Fèin-riaghladh na Crime san Ucràin.

en: Knights Templar
gd: Ridirean an Teampaill

en: ?plural:Templars
gd: ?plural:Ridirean an Teampaill

en: The Knights Templar were formed after the first Crusade in order to protect Pilgrims on their journeys in the Holy Land. The organization grew to immense power and wealth in the next 200 years, and were the innovators of many modern concepts such as Banking.
gd: Chaidh Ridirean an Teampaill a stèidheachadh an dèidh a' chiad chogaidh-chroise gus taistealaichean a dhìon a bha a' dol dhan Fhearann Naomh. Dh'fhàs an t-òrdugh seo fìor chumhachdach is beairteach san 200 bliadhna an dèidh sin agus dh'innlich iad iomadh rudan ùra leithid bancaireachd.

en: Teutonic
gd: Ridirean nan Teutonach

en: ?plural:Teutonic Order
gd: ?plural:Ridirean nan Teutonach

en: The Teutonic Order led a series of crusades against pagan Balts during the High Middle Ages. In 1224 it founded the 'Ordenstaat' or State of the Order, which remained a powerful country for three centuries. The State was secularized and replaced by the Duchy of Prussia in the 16th century.
gd: Dh'fhalbh an t-Òrdugh Teutonach air grunn chogaidhean-croise an aghaidh nam pàganach Baltach aig àirde nam Meadhan-Aoisean. Stèidhich iad n 'Ordenstaat', Stàir an Òrduigh, ann an 1224 agus bha e 'na dhùthaich chumhachdach fad trì ceud bliadhna. Chaidh an stàit a shaoghalachadh agus chaidh Diùcachd na Pruise a chur 'na àite san 16mh linn.

en: Texan
gd: Muinntir Texas

en: ?plural:Texans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Texas

en: Thracian
gd: Muinntir Thrace

en: ?plural:Thracians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thrace

en: The second most numerous people in the ancient western world.
gd: B' iad-san an dàrna sluagh a bu phailte san t-saoghal siarach àrsaidh.

en: Tibetan
gd: Muinntir Thibeit

en: ?plural:Tibetans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thibeit

en: The Tibetan homeland is sometimes called the "Roof of the World", the highest elevated region in the world. In the 7th century, Tibet emerged as a formidable empire under the leadership of king Songtsen Gampo, being recognized by both China and India. This dynasty lasted until the 11th century, when Tibet was overrun by the Mongols. Centuries later when Mongol rule had weakened, Lozang Gyatso - born 1617 and the 5th Dalai Lama - established a buddhist religious state under the control of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism.
gd: Thathar a' cur "Mullach an t-Saoghail" air dachaigh nan Tibeiteach uaireannan, an sgìre as àirde san t-saoghal. Nochd Tibeit mar impireachd mhòr san 7mh linn fo cheannardas Rìgh Songtsen Gampo agus bha an dà chuid an t-Sìn agus na h-Innseachan 'ga h-aithneachadh. Mhair an sliochd seo gus an 11d linn nuair a bhris na Mongolaich a-steach air an dùthaich. Nuair a bha rìoghachd nam Mongolach air lagachadh linntean an dèidh sin, stèidhich Lozang Gyatso - a rugadh 1617 agus a bha 'na 5mh Dalai Lama - stàit chreidmheach Bhudastach fo smachd sgoil Gelugpa Budastachd Tibeit.

en: Timurid
gd: Muinntir Thimur

en: ?plural:Timurids
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thimur

en: Timur was a military genius who claimed lineage from Chinggis Khan and from his capital in Samarkand conquered all of Central Asia as well as parts of the Middle East and India. The court culture of Timurid Empire was heavily Persianized, while the imperial administration and military organization displayed influences from the Timurid ruling elite's Mongolian and Turkic origins.
gd: 'S e fear-airm sàr bhuadhach a bha ann an Timur agus bha e a' cumail a-mach gur ann de shliochd Chinggis Khaan a bha e. Cheannsaich e Meadhan Àisea gu lèir, cuid dhen Ear-Mheadhan agus nan Innseachan on phrìomh bhaile aig ann an Samarkand. Bha cùirt sliochd Thimur fo bhuaidh mhòr cultar nam Peirseach ach bha lorg tùsan Mongolach is Turcach air rianachd na h-impireachd agus rian an airm.

en: Tocharian
gd: Muinntir Tocharia

en: ?plural:Tocharians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Tocharia

en: The Tocharians were an Indo-European people living in what is now Xinjiang in western China. Because of their unique geopolitical position, their kingdoms of Shanshan, Kucha, and Khotan (as well as other, smaller ones) were influenced by Chinese, Persian, Indian, Sogdian, Scythian, and Tibetan cultures. Their religion, dress, writing, and art all reflect these varied influences. They lived in oasis towns and cities along the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was carried into China. The area was at various times a military protectorate of China, such as during the Han and Tang dynasties. During the decline of the latter dynasty, the Turkic Uyghur tribe moved into the Tarim basin, settling in and expanding their khanate through the Tocharian lands. The Uyghur intermarried with the Tocharians and supplanted their language for all but liturgical purposes. Even this use fell when Islam spread and took the place of Buddhism as the predominant religion in the region.
gd: 'S e sluagh Innd-Eòrpach a bha sna Tocharianaich agus bha iad a' fuireach far a bheil Xīnjiāng ann an taobh an iar na Sìne an-diugh. Air sgàth an ionaid àraidh a bha aca ann, bha buaidh cultar na Sìne, na Peirse, nan Innseachan, nan Sogdianach, nan Scythianach is Thibeit air na rìoghachdan Tocharianach, Shanshan, Kucha agus Khotan (agus fheadhainn nas lugha na sin). Chithear lorg nan cultaran sin uile 'nan creideamh, aodach, sgrìobhadh agus ealain. Bha iad a' fuireach ann am bailtean is cathraichean ann an innsean-fàsaich ri taobh Rathad na Sìoda, an t-slighe air an dàinig Budastachd dhan t-Sìn cuideachd. Bha 'na cosantaireachd aig an t-Sìn aig amannan, mar eisimpleir rè nan tànaisteachdan Hàn is Táng. Nuair a chrìon na Táng, ghluais treubh Turcach nan Ùigiurach a-steach a Lagan Tarim far an do thuinich iad agus leudaich iad an khanat aca a-steach air dùthaich na Tocharianach. Phòs mòran dhiubh Tocharianaich agus chaidh an cànan aca an àite Tocharianais ach a-mhàin ann an raon a' chreidimh. Chaidh fiù seo à bith nuair a sgaoil Ioslam agus nuair e ghabh e àite Bhudastachd mar a' phrìomh chreideamh san sgìre.

en: Togolese
gd: Muinntir Thogo

en: ?plural:Togolese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thogo

en: Togo became a German protectorate in 1885 and was conquered by the French and British in World War II. Togo became independent in 1960. Since the late 1960s the country's politics have been dominated by general Gnassingbe Eyadema, who was succeeded by his son Faure upon his death in 2005.
gd: Bha Togo 'na cosantaireachd aig a' Ghearmailt ann an 1885 agus chaidh a cheannsachadh leis na Frangaich is na Breatannaich san Dàrna Chogadh Mhòr. Fhuair i neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1960. Bha saoghal poileataigeach na dùthcha fo smachd an t-seanalair Gnassingbé Eyadéma a-mach o na 1960an agus nuair a chaochail e ann an 2005, ghabh a mhac Faure àite.

en: Toltec
gd: Muinntir nan Toltec

en: ?plural:Toltecs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Toltec

en: The Toltecs were a Meso-American civilization that existed from the 10th to the 12th century. The Toltec Empire was founded by Ce Tecpatl Mixcoatl, who led his nomadic people from the north to settle on the Mexican High Plain. Mixcoatl was murdered by his enemies but was later avenged by his son Ce Acatl Topilitzin Quetzalcoatl, who would lead the Toltec civilization to untold heights. Toltec culture continued to thrive until the 12th century. Their capital Tollan was violently destroyed in 1168 and the Toltec area fragmented into rivaling city-states. Toltec cultural influences have been identified from New Mexico to Nicaragua, though historians do not agree on the political history of the Toltecs. Since most of the history of the Toltecs is based on Aztec mythology, some claim there was never a Toltec Empire, but that Aztec references to the Toltecs were an allegory for civilization.
gd: 'S e sìobhaltas ann am Meadhan Aimeireaga a bha sna Toltecich eadar an 10mh agus an 12na linn. Chaidh Impireachd nan Toltec a stèidheachadh le Ce Tecpatl Mixcoactl a threòraich a mhuinntir iniltearach on tuath gu ruige tuineachas air Àrd Mhaghan Mheagsago. Chaidh Mixcoatl a mhurt leis a nàimhdean ach chaidh a dhìoladh le mhac Ce Acatl Topilitzin Quetzalcoatl a thug sìobhaltas nan Toltec gu àirde an neirt an dèidh sin. Bhlàthaich cultar nan Toltec gu ruige an 12na linn. Chaidh am prìomh bhaile aca, Tollan, a sgriosadh ann an 1168 agus bhris impireachd nan Toltec ann an stàit-bhailtean a bha a' strì an aghaidh a chèile. Ged nach eil na h-eachdraichean ann an aon inntinn a thaobh eachdraidh phoileataigeach nan Toltec, chithear lorgan na h-impireachd eadar New Mexico gu Niocaragua. A chionn 's gu bheil cuid mhòr de dh'eachdraidh na Toltec a' tighinn thugainn tro fhionn-sgeulan nan Azteceach, tha cuid a' cumail a-mach nach robh a leithid ann a-riamh agus nach robh sna h-iomraidhean a thug na h-Aztecich air na Toltecich ach mac-samhla air sìobhaltas.

en: Tongan
gd: Muinntir Thonga

en: ?plural:Tongans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thonga

en: An island group in the Southern Pacific, Tonga was settled by Polynesians around 1000 BCE. Although the islands became a British protectorate in the 19th century, they are the only country in Oceania to have escaped actual colonization.
gd: Tha Tonga 'na bhadan de dh'eileanan ann an taobh a deas a' Chuain Sèimh agus chaidh a thuineachadh leis na Poilinèisich mun bhliadhna 1000 RC. Ged a bha na h-eileanan 'nan cosantaireachd Bhreatannach san 19mh linn, 's i Tonga an aon dùthaich ann an Roinn a' Chuain Sèimh nach deach a thuineachadh.

en: Transylvanian
gd: Muinntir Transylvania

en: ?plural:Transylvanians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Transylvania

en: Transylvania is a historical territory in what is now Romania, inhabited by Romanians, Hungarians and Saxon Germans. Transylvania became a principality under nominal Hungarian suzereignty when that country started to crumble under the Ottoman incursions. During the Reformation, Transylvania was the first country in Europe to proclaim religious freedom. The principality lost its independence to Habsburg Austria in 1711.
gd: 'S e ranntair eachdraidheil ann an Romàinia a tha ann an Transylvania far a bheil Romàinianaich, Ungairich agus Gearmailtich Saxonach a' fuireach ann. Bha Transylvania 'na prionnsalachd fo uachdranachd na h-Ungaire ann an ainm nuair a chrìon an Ungair an cois ionnsaighean nan Otomanach. B' e Transylvania a' chiad dùthaich san Roinn-Eòrpa a ghairm saoirse a' chreidimh aig àm an Ath Leasachaidh. Chaill a' phrionnsalachd a neo-eisimeileachd do dh'Ostair nan Habsburgach ann an 1711.

en: Tunisian
gd: Muinntir Thuinisea

en: ?plural:Tunisians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thuinisea

en: The Phoenicians founded Carthage in the area where Tunisia is today. Carthage later became a major power in the Mediterranean region until it was defeated by the Romans in 146 BCE. Later the Arab Muslim conquest in the 7th century led to migration from the Arab and Ottoman countries. But there were also a lot of Jews and Spanish Moors who moved there at the end of the 16th century. Tunisia became mostly autonomous from the Ottoman empire in 1861. But in 1881 Tunisia was invaded by the French and was made a French protectorate. The country became independent in 1956.
gd: Chuir na Foinìsich Cartago air bhonn far a bheil Tuinisea an-diugh. Bha Cartago 'na chumhachd mhòr sa Mhuir Mheadhanach an dèidh sin gus an dug na Ròmanaich buaidh orra ann an 146 RC. Dh'imrich mòran dhaoin ann às na dùthchannan Otomanach is Arabach às dèidh dha na h-Arabaich Mhuslamach an sgìre a cheannsachadh san 7mh linn. Chaidh àireamh mhòr de dh'Iùdhaich is Mùraichean na Spàinnte ann cuideachd aig deireadh na 16mh linne. Fhuair Tuinisea fèin-riadhladh cha mhòr iomlan o Impireachd nan Otomanach ann an 1861. Ach bhris na Frangaich a-steach air an dùthaich ann an 1881 agus rinn iad cosantaireachd Fhrangach dhith. Fhuair an dùthaich neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1956.

en: Turkmen
gd: Muinntir Thurcmanastàn

en: ?plural:Turkmens
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Thurcmanastàn

en: Turkmen tribes were first united in the 11th century CE under Togrul Beg, second ruler of the Seljuk Empire. As the Seljuk state broke down under the pressure from encroaching Mongols, the Turkmens started a westward migration. They eventually settled in the lands between the Amu Darya river and the Caspian Sea, approximately the location of today's Turkmenistan.
gd: Chaidh na treubhan Turcmanach a cho-aonadh fo Toghrul Beg, an dàrna riaghlaiche de dh'Impireachd nan Seljukach,  san 11d linn AD a' chiad turas. Nuair nach b' urrainn do stàit nan Seljuk seasamh ri ionnsaighean nam Mongol tuilleadh, thòisich iad air imrich dhan iar. Thuinich iad na sgìrean eadar an abhainn Amu Darya agus am Muir Caspach ri linn sin, cha mhòr far a bheil Turcmanastàn an-diugh.

en: Turkmenbashi %s
gd: Türkmenbaşy %s

en: ?female:Turkmenbashi %s
gd: ?female:Türkmenbaşy %s

en: Tuvan
gd: Muinntir Tuva

en: ?plural:Tuvans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Tuva

en: Tuvans are a Turkic people living in the Autonomous Republic of Tuva in the south of Siberia. Tuva split off from China in 1921 and then formed the independent republic of Tannu Tuva allied with the Soviet Union. In 1940 Tannu Tuva had the distinction of seeing the first non-monarchic female head of state of Modern History when Khertek Anchimaa-Toka became chairperson of the republic. In 1944 it was incorporated in the Soviet Union as a part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
gd: 'S e sluagh Turcach a tha sna Tuvanaich ann am Poblachd Fèin-riaghladh Tuva ann an taobh a deas na Sibìre. Dh'fhàg Tuva an t-Sìn ann an 1921 agus stèidhich iad poblachd neo-eisimeileach Tannu Tuva an uairsin agus chaidh iad ann an caidreachas leis an Aonadh Sovietach. Choisinn Tannu Tuva cliù ann an 1940 nuair a ghabh Khertek Anchimaa-Toka ceann-suidheachas na poblachd, a' chiad bhoireannach aig ceann stàite ann an eachdraidh ar linne nach robh 'na bànrigh. Chaidh a chur ris an Aonadh Sovietach ann an 1944 mar phàirt de Phoblachd Shòisealtach Fheadarail Shovietach na Ruise.

en: Tyrolian
gd: Muinntir Tirol

en: ?plural:Tyrolians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Tirol

en: Tyrol was a county in the Alps. In the 16th century its own dynasty died out and the region passed to Habsburg Austria. The southern part was annexed by Italy after World War I.
gd: 'S e dùthaich sna h-Alpan a bha ann an Tirol. Chaidh a tànaisteachd fhèin à bith san 16mh linn agus fhuair Ostair nan Habsburg grèim air an sgìre. Chaidh a ghabhail os làimh leis an Eadailt an dèidh a' Chiad Chogaidh Mhòir.

en: Ugandan
gd: Muinntir Uganda

en: ?plural:Ugandans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Uganda

en: The Republic of Uganda is located in eastern Africa. The country contains part of Lake Victoria, which is also in Kenya and Tanzania. In the past, the southern part of the country was part of the Buganda kingdom. Modern Uganda gained independence in 1962.
gd: Tha Poblachd Uganda ann an Afraga an Ear. Tha pìosan de Loch Victoria aig Uganda, Ceinia agus an Tansan. Bha taobh a deas na dùthcha 'na phàirt de Rìoghachd Buganda. Fhuair Uganda neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1962.

en: Ukrainian
gd: Muinntir na h-Ucràine

en: ?plural:Ukrainians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Ucràine

en: Ukraine is a vast region on the westernmost marches of the former Soviet Union. It includes some of the most fertile black-soil cropland on Earth.
gd: 'S e dùthaich anabarrach mòr air fìor iomall iar an t-seann Aonaidh Sovietach a tha san Ucràin. Tha cuid dhen talamh àiteachas dubh as torraich air uachdar an t-saoghail ann.

en: UN
gd: Muinntir nan NA

en: ?plural:UN
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan NA

en: The United Nations believe in human rights and the protection of the weak.
gd: Tha na Nàiseanan Aonaichte ag iomairt airson còraichean daonna agus dìon nan lag.

en: Secretary-General %s
gd: Rùnaire Seanalair %s

en: ?female:Secretary-General %s
gd: ?female:Rùnaire Seanalair %s

en: Uruguayan
gd: Muinntir Uruguaidh

en: ?plural:Uruguayans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Uruguaidh

en: Uruguay, a small South American country sometimes referred to as "Switzerland of the Americas" due to its once highly developed social welfare system.
gd: 'S e dùthaich bheag ann an Aimeireaga a Deas a tha ann an Uruguaidh agus tha cuid ag ràdh "Eilbheis nan Aimeireagan" ritha a chionn 's gun robh siostam de shochairean sòisealta cho adharta aca aig àm.

en: Uyghur
gd: Muinntir nan Ùigiurach

en: ?plural:Uyghurs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Ùigiurach

en: Uyghur was an east Turk empire and civilization. At its height in 820 CE it controlled most of Central and North Asia. After clashing with the Chinese for several centuries, they were finally subdued by the Qing dynasty in the 1700s. Today, descendants of the Uyghur form the populations of the Central Asian states of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. They are also the main minority of the Xinjiang province of China.
gd: Bha impireachd agus sìobhaltas Turcach nan ear aig na h-Ùigiuraich. Bha smachd aice air cuid mhòr de Mheadhan Àisea agus Àisea a Tuath aig àirde a neirt ann an 820 AD. Thug na Qīng buaidh orra mu dheireadh thall anns na 1700an an dèidh chogaidhean eadar an dà dhùthaich a mhair linntean. Tha sìol nan Ùigiurach a' fuireach ann an stàitean Meadhan Àisea and-iugh, eadar Usbagastàn, Casachstàn is Cìorgastan. 'S iad am beag-shluagh as motha ann am mòr-roinn Xīnjiāng san t-Sìn cuideachd.

en: Uzbek
gd: Muinntir Usbagastàn

en: ?plural:Uzbeks
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Usbagastàn

en: The Central Asian nation of Uzbekistan has been the site of many ancient states such as Khwarezm, the Khanate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Kokand. The Uzbeks regard themselves as descendants of Timur, founder of the Timurid dynasty, who ruled from his capital at Samarkand.
gd: Bha iomadh stàit àrsaidh ann far a bheil Usbagastàn an-diugh ann am Meadhan Àisea, leithid Khwarezm, Khanat Bukhara agus Khanat Kokand. Tha na h-Usbagaich a' coimhead orra fhèin mar shliochd Timur a stèidhich tànaisteachd Timur agus a bha a phrìomh bhaile ann an Samarkand.

en: Vampire
gd: Muinntir Dracula

en: ?plural:Vampires
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Dracula

en: Bloodsucking creatures of legend.
gd: Fuil-itheadairean nam fionn-sgeulan.

en: Vandalic
gd: Muinntir nam Vandalach

en: ?plural:Vandals
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nam Vandalach

en: The Vandals were an East Germanic people originating from what is now Southern Poland and Slovakia. They entered the Roman Empire in the early 5th century CE. Led by Geiseric, they eventually founded a kingdom in Carthage. The Vandals are perhaps best known for their sack of Rome in 455 CE. In 534 CE Belisarius conquered the Vandalic kingdom for the Byzantine Empire.
gd: 'S e sluagh Ear-Ghearmanach a bha sna Vandalaich agus thàinig iad às an sgìre far a bheil taobh a deas na Pòlainne agus an t-Slòbhac an-diugh. Bhris iad a-steach air Impireachd na Ròimhe san 5mh linn AD. Stèidhich iad rìoghachd ann an Cartago aig a' cheann thall fo Rìgh Geiserich. Tha mòran eòlach orra a chionn 's gun do chreach iad an Ròimh ann an 455 AD. Cheannsaich Belisarius Rìoghachd nam Vandalach airson Impireachd Bhiosaint ann an 534 AD.

en: The cradle of Ancient Indian civilization lay in the Indus river valley in modern-day Pakistan.
gd: Bha creathall sìobhaltas àrsaidh nan Innseachan ann an Srath Indus far a bheil Pagastàn an-diugh.

en: Mahatma %s
gd: Mahātmā %s

en: ?female:Mahatma %s
gd: ?female:Mahātmā %s

en: Venetian
gd: Muinntir Venetia

en: ?plural:Venetians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Venetia

en: The Republic of Venice emerged from the shadows of history when refugees from barbarian marauders gathered on the safety of the islands of a lagoon in northeast Italy. Originally a loyal subject of the Eastern Roman empire, it gradually acquired its independence and ranked among the superpowers of the Middle Ages. Its merchants grew rich on trade, and its navy was respected throughout the Mediterranean sea. After a long decline, it eventually fell to the armies of Bonaparte in 1796.
gd: Dh'èirich Poblachd Venetia à dubhar na h-eachdraidh nuair a theich fògarraich air eileanan beaga de lagùn ann an ear-thuath na h-Eadailte ri linn ionnsaigh shluaghan borba. Ged a bha iad 'nan ìochdarain dhìleas aig Impireachd na Ròimhe an Ear aig an toiseach, ghlac iad neo-eisimeileachd mean air mhean agus bha iad am measg nan dùthchannan a bu chumhachdaiche sna Meadhan-Aoisean. Dh'fhàs am marsantaich beairteach tro mhalairt agus bhathar a' toirt urram dhan chabhlach aca air feadh na Mara Meadhanaiche. Ghèill i ri airm Bonaparte ann an 1796 an dèidh dhi crìonadh fad ùine mhòr.

en: Venezuelan
gd: Muinntir na Beiniseala

en: ?plural:Venezuelans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Beiniseala

en: Vermont
gd: Muinntir Vermont

en: ?plural:Vermonters
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Vermont

en: Vermont was an independent state for 14 years before it joined the United States in 1791. Currently it is one of the smallest states of the United States, both in population and area. Vermont is famous for its dairy products and maple syrup.
gd: Bha Vermont 'na stàit neo-eisimeileach fad 14 bliadhna mus deach i an sàs nan Stàitean Aonaichte ann an 1791. 'S ise aon dhe na stàitean as lugha sna Stàitean Aonaichte, an dà chuid a thaobh meud is sluaigh. Tha Vermont ainmeil air a math na bà agus siorap craoibhe-malpais.

en: Vietnamese
gd: Muinntir Bhiet-Nam

en: ?plural:Vietnamese
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Bhiet-Nam

en: The Vietnamese nation was founded in the first century CE by twin sisters who became the war leaders of a revolt against a Chinese military governor.
gd: Chaidh nàisean Bhiet-Nam a stèidheachadh sa chiad linn AD le peathraichean leth-aon a ghabh dreuchd ceannardan cogaidh ann an aramach an aghaidh riaghlaiche arm na Sìne.

en: Vincentian
gd: Muinntir Naomh Bhionsaint

en: ?plural:Vincentians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Naomh Bhionsaint

en: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were amongst the last Caribbean islands to be colonized, as local Carib Indians intermarried with runaway slaves and fought off European colonizers. In the 18th century the islands were contested by the French and British. In 1783 the French relinquished their claims. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became independent from Britain in 1979 and are currently a Commonwealth realm.
gd: Bha Eileanan Naomh Bhionsaint agus Greanadach am measg nan eileanan mu dheireadh ann am Muir nan Caraib a chaidh a thuineachadh 's na Innseanaich Charaibeach ann a' pòsadh tràillean a bha air teicheadh agus iad a' seasamh an aghaidh nan tuinichean Eòrpach còmhla. Bha an dà chuid an Fraing agus Breatann a' sabaid airson nan eileanan san 18mh linn. Ghèill na Frangaich an tagradh aca ann an 1783. Fhuair Eileanan Naomh Bhionsaint agus Greanadach neo-eisimeileachd on Bhreatainn ann an 1979 agus 's e dùthaich a' Cho-fhlaitheis a tha annta aig an àm seo.

en: Visigothic
gd: Muinntir nan Iar-Ghothach

en: ?plural:Visigoths
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Iar-Ghothach

en: The Thervingi or Visigoths were an East Germanic people, one of the two tribes of the Goths. They probably originated from Scandinavia. In the 3rd century they migrated south, to modern Ukraine. They then crossed the Danube and sacked Rome in 410 CE. Recognized by the Romans as foederati, they eventually settled around Toulouse where they formed a kingdom. The Visigoths managed to conquer all of the Iberian Peninsula and moved their capital to Toledo. They lost all their territories north of the Pyrenees to the Franks but Visigothic rulers continued to rule the Romanized Iberians until the peninsula was eventually overrun by Muslim invaders in 711.
gd: 'S e sluagh Ear-Ghearmanach a bha sna Thervingi no na h-Iar-Ghothaich, aonan dhen dà threubh Gothach. Tha coltas gun dàinig iad às an Lochlann o thùs. Dh'imrich iad deas san 3s linn do dh'àite far a bheil an Ucràin an-diugh. Chaidh iad thairis air an Danub agus chreach iad an Ròimh ann an 410 AD. Thug na Ròmanaich inbhe 'foederati' dhaibh agus thuinich iad faisg air Toulouse agus stèidhich iad rìoghachd ann. Chaidh aca air Ceann-tìre Ìbeireach air fad a cheannsachadh agus ghluais iad am prìomh bhaile aca a Toledo. Chaill iad an talamh air fad tuath air na Beanntan Pirineach fo ionnsaigh nam Francach ach mhair riaghlaichean Iar-Ghothach san Ìbeir gus an deach an ceann-tìre a cheannsachadh leis na Muslamaich a bhris a-steach ann an 711.

en: Walloon
gd: Muinntir Walloonia

en: ?plural:Walloons
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Walloonia

en: The Walloons are the French speaking inhabitants of Belgium. In the 19th century, Wallonia was first region on the European continent to industrialize and the second in the world after England. It subsequently became a hotbed of socialist and labor union activity.
gd: 'S iad na Walloonich luchd-bruidhinn na Frangaise sa Bheilg. B' e Walloonia a' chiad sgìre air tìr-mòr na Roinn-Eòrpa a chaidh a thionnsgaladh san 19mh linn agus an dàrna dùthaich san t-saoghal an dèidh Shasainn. Tha i air a bhith an teis-mheadhan iomairtean sòisealtach is nan aonaidhean luchd-obrach on àm sin.

en: Welsh
gd: Muinntir na Cuimrigh

en: ?plural:Welsh
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Cuimrigh

en: The Welsh at one time controlled all of what is now England until being driven into the mountainous western reaches by invading Saxons.
gd: Bha smachd aig na Cuimrich aig àm air an sgìre ris an canar Sasann an-diugh gus an deach an ruagadh gu iomall beanntach an iar fo ionnsaigh nan Sasannach.

en: Western Pomeranian
gd: Muinntir Pomerania an Iar

en: ?plural:Western Pomeranians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Pomerania an Iar

en: Western Pomerania is a geographical and historical region in North West Poland and the extreme North East of Germany. Initially an independent Slavic state, Western Pomerania was twice conquered by the Polish. Later, Western Pomerania succumbed to Germanization and was divided into smaller feudal principalities which were gradually conquered by Brandenburg. For many years this land was part of Germany but in 1945 it was attached to Poland.
gd: 'S e sgìre eachdraidheil is chruinn-eòlach ann an iar-thuath na Pòlainne agus fìor ear-thuath na Gearmailte a tha ann am Pomerania an Iar. Bha i 'na stàit Shlàbhach neo-eisimeileach an toiseach ach chaidh a cheannsachadh dà thuras leis a' Phòlainn. Ghèill Pomerania an Iar ri Gearmailteachadh nas fhaide air adhart agus chaidh a bhriseadh ann am prionnsalachdan beaga fiùdail agus chaidh iad an ceannsachadh mean air mhean le Brandenburg. Bha an sgìre seo 'na phàirt dhen Ghearmailt fad iomadh bliadhna ach chaidh a chur ris a' Phòlainn ann an 1945.

en: Western Roman
gd: Muinntir na Ròimhe an Iar

en: ?plural:West Romans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Ròimhe an Iar

en: The Roman Empire was first divided by Diocletian in 286 and split for good upon Theodosius' death in 395. Unlike its Eastern counterpart, the Byzantine empire, the Western Roman Empire was not capable of resisting barbarian invasions and economic disintegration. The last Western Roman emperor was deposed in 476 CE.
gd: Chaidh Impireachd na Ròimhe a roinneadh le Diocletion ann an 286 agus chaidh a sgaradh gu buan nuair a bhàsaich Theodosius ann an 395. Ged a chaidh aig an taobh an ear, Impireachd Bhiosaint, seasamh ri briseadh a-steach nam borbach, cha deach aig Impireachd na Ròimhe an Iar seasamh ris na borbaich a bhris a-steach agus thuit a h-eaconamaidh às a chèile. Chaidh impire na Ròimhe an Iar mu dheireadh a chur à rèim ann an 476 AD.

en: West Indian
gd: Muinntir nan Innseachan an Iar

en: ?plural:West Indians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Innseachan an Iar

en: The West Indies, known for pirates, rum, cricket and beaches. The British West Indies formed the short-lived West Indies Federation in 1958. The federation failed to consolidate because of tensions between Trinidad, Jamaica and the smaller members. The federation fell apart in 1962. Some islands became independent countries, others returned to the status of a British dependency.
gd: Tha na h-Innseachan an Iar ainmeil air spùinneadairean-mara, ruma, criogaid agus an cuid thràighean. Stèidhich Innseachan an Iar Bhreatainn Co-nasgadh nan Innseachan an Iar ann an 1958 ach cha do mhair e fada. Cha deach an co-nasgadh a dhaingneachadh a chionn 's gun robh eas-aonta a' dol eadar Trianaid, Diameuga agus na buill bheaga. Thuit an co-nasgadh às a chèile ann an 1962. Thionndaidh cuid dhiubh slighe neo-eisimeileachd agus thill feadhainn eile gu inbhe eismeileachd Bhreatainn.

en: Westphalian
gd: Muinntir Westfalen

en: ?plural:Westphalians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Westfalen

en: Westphalia, before becoming a Prussian province, was the western region of the Duchy of Saxony. Today it makes up the northern part of the largest German federal state, North Rhine-Westphalia.
gd: B' e Westfalen an sgìre as fhaide iar ann an Diùcachd Saxony mus deach mòr-roinn na Pruise a dhèanamh dhith. 'S ise an taobh tuath de stàit fheadarail as motha na Gearmailte, Nordrhein-Westfalen.

en: Wuerttembergian
gd: Muinntir Württemberg

en: ?plural:Wuerttembergians
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Württemberg

en: Wuerttemberg was a country in Swabia, in southwestern Germany. After World War II it was merged with Baden and Hohenzollern to form the land of Baden-Wuerttemberg.
gd: 'S e siorrachd ann an Swabia ann an iar-dheas na Gearmailte a bha ann am Württemberg. Chaidh a cho-aonadh le Württemberg agus Hohenzollern mar Baden-Württemberg an dèidh an Dàrna Chogaidh Mhòir.

en: Yakut
gd: Muinntir Yakutia

en: ?plural:Yakuts
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Yakutia

en: Oral tradition indicates that the Yakuts - or Sakha as they call themselves - migrated north from the Central Asian steppes to the shores of Lake Baikal in the 10th century CE. They intermarried with the native population and established a nation along the Lena river, having diplomatic relations with at least the Chinese, the Mongols, and the various Turkic peoples of the region. By the 1620s, Cossacks had arrived in Yakut territory as agents of an expansionist Russia, eventually subduing the Yakut kings and securing Russian hegemony over Yakutia. Numbering about a million today, the Yakuts make up roughly half of the population of the vast Sakha Republic of Russia's Far Eastern district.
gd: A-rèir beul-aithris, thàinig na Yakut - no na Saxa mar a tha aca-san orra fhèin - tuath o steipean Meadhan Àisea gu cladach Loch Baikal san 10mh linn AD. Phòs iad daoine o mhuinntir an àite agus stèidhich iad nàisean ri taobh Abhainn Lena. Bha ceanglaichean dìoplomasach aca leis na Sìnich, na Mongolaich agus grunn chinnidhean Turcach san sgìre. Ràinig na Cossackaich mun bhliadhna 1620 mar thosgairean Ruiseach a bha airson fearann na Ruise a leudachadh agus cheannsaich iad rìghrean nan Yakut aig a' cheann thall agus dhaingnich iad ceannas aon-stàite na Ruise air Yakutia. Tha faisg air millean dhiubh ann an-diugh, mu thuaiream an dàrna leth de shluagh Poblachd Sakha, roinn anabarrach mòr ann am fìor ear na Ruise.

en: Yemeni
gd: Muinntir Eaman

en: ?plural:Yemenis
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Eaman

en: Yemen is the only republic on the Arabian Peninsula. Although it was the site of several ancient civilizations, Yemen only exists in its current form since North Yemen annexed South Yemen in 1990.
gd: 'S i an Eaman an aon phoblachd air a' Cheann-tìre Arabach. Ged a bha grunn shìobhaltasan àrsaidh san sgìre, cha robh an Eaman ann mar a tha i an-diugh gus an deach an Eaman a Deas a ghabhail os làimh leis an Eaman a Tuath ann an 1990.

en: Yucatecan
gd: Muinntir Yucatán

en: ?plural:Yucatecans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir Yucatán

en: Yugoslav
gd: Muinntir na h-Iùgoslaibhe

en: ?plural:Yugoslavs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na h-Iùgoslaibhe

en: Yugoslavia was a state consisting of the Slavic nations of the western Balkans. It was a kingdom until 1941, when it was occupied by the Axis powers. After a national liberation war the communists threw out the occupants and continued to rule until the 1980s. The 1990s saw the bloody breakup of Yugoslavia into independent republics.
gd: 'S e stàit a bha san Iùgoslabh a bha a' tional cruinn nàiseanan Slàbhach a' Bhalcain an Iar. Bha i 'na rìoghachd gu ruige 1941 nuair a ghabh cumhachdan an Aiseil seilbh oirre. Thilg na co-mhaoinich cumhachdan an Aiseil a-mach an dèidh cogadh saoirse nàiseanta agus bha iad an cumhachd gu ruige na 1980an. Bhris an Iùgoslabh às a chèile sna 1990an ann an sreath de chogaidhean fuilteach.

en: Zapotec
gd: Muinntir nan Zapotec

en: ?plural:Zapotecs
gd: ?plural:Muinntir nan Zapotec

en: Zimbabwean
gd: Muinntir na Sìombaibe

en: ?plural:Zimbabweans
gd: ?plural:Muinntir na Sìombaibe

en: Zimbabwe is a country in Southern Africa, named after the old Zimbabwe kingdom. It became a British colony called South Rhodesia in 1898. The white minority in South Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965. Prime Minister Ian Smith installed a racist regime which excluded blacks from power. A civil war forced Smith to end white minority rule in 1979. Since 1980 the country has been governed by Robert Mugabe, who has received an equally poor reputation internationally as the previous regime.
gd: 'S e dùthaich ann an taobh a deas Afraga a tha anns an t-Sìombab, ainmichte air seann rìoghachd na Sìombaibe. Bha i 'na tuineachas Breatannach air an robh Rhodesia a Deas a-mach o 1898. Ghairm beag-shluagh geal na Sìombaibe neo-eisimeileachd aon-taobhach ann an 1965. Stèidhich am Prìomh Mhinistear Ian Smith riaghaltas gràin-chinnidheach anns nach robh cothrom aig daoine dubha air cumhachd. B' fheudar do Smith crìoch a chur air riadhladh nan daoine geala ann an 1979 an dèidh cogaidh chatharra. Tha an dùthaich air a bhith fo smachd Robert Mugabe a-mach o 1980 agus tha cliù eadar-nàiseanta a cheart cho bochd aige 's a bha aig an fhear roimhe.
