Eeschema_zh_CN - en to zh translation catalogue (1335 entries)

note: Note to translators: you do not need to translate this table by hand. It is generated from KiCad using the Dump Hotkeys button that is shown in the hotkeys editor if you add the line `HotkeysDumper=1` to your advanced config file (`kicad_advanced` file in the config directory) type: Title ===
en: Schematic Editor
zh: 原理图编辑器

note: type: Plain text
en: _Reference manual_
zh: _参考手册_

note: type: Plain text
en: This manual is in the process of being revised to cover the latest stable
          release version of KiCad.  It contains some sections that have not yet
          been completed.  We ask for your patience while our volunteer technical
          writers work on this task, and we welcome new contributors who would like
          to help make KiCad's documentation better than ever.
zh: 本手册正在修订中，以涵盖KiCad的最新稳定发布版本。 它包含一些内容尚未编写完成。
    我们希望您能耐心等待我们的志愿技术作者完成这项工作。
    同时我们也欢迎新的贡献者加入我们的行列，帮助我们使 KiCad 的文档比以前更好。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Copyright*
zh: *版权*

note: type: Plain text
en: This document is Copyright (C) 2010-2023 by its contributors as listed below. You may distribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), version 3.0 or later.
zh: 本文件的版权 (C) 2010-2023 由下列贡献者拥有。您可以根据 GNU 通用公共许可证（http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html）第 3 版或更高版本，或知识共享署名许可证（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/）第 3.0 版或更高版本的条款发布或修改它。

note: type: Plain text
en: All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.
zh: 本指南中的所有商标均属于其合法所有者。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Contributors*
zh: *贡献人员*

note: type: Plain text
en: Jean-Pierre Charras, Fabrizio Tappero, Wayne Stambaugh, Graham Keeth
zh: Jean-Pierre Charras， Fabrizio Tappero， Wayne Stambaugh， Graham Keeth

note: type: Plain text
en: *Feedback*
zh: *反馈*

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad project welcomes feedback, bug reports, and suggestions related to the software or its documentation. For more information on how to sumbit feedback or report an issue, please see the instructions at https://www.kicad.org/help/report-an-issue/
zh: KiCad 项目欢迎与软件或其文档相关的反馈、错误报告和建议。有关如何汇总反馈或报告问题的详细信息，请参阅 https://www.kicad.org/help/report-an-issue/

note: type: Title ==
en: Actions reference
zh: 操作参考

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is a list of every available *action* in the KiCad Schematic Editor: a command that can be assigned to a hotkey.
zh: 以下是 KiCad 原理图编辑器中可用 *操作* 的列表：您可以为以下命令设置快捷键。

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available in the Schematic Editor. Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh: 以下操作在原理图编辑器中可用。可以在偏好设置的 **快捷键** 部分中将快捷键分配给这些操作中的任何一个。

note: type: Table
en: | Action | Default Hotkey | Description
    | Align Elements to Grid
      |
      | 
    | Annotate Schematic...
      |
      | Fill in schematic symbol reference designators
    | Annotate Automatically
      |
      | Toggle automatic annotation of new parts symbols
    | Assign Footprints...
      |
      | Run footprint assignment tool
    | Clear Net Highlighting
      | kbd:[~]
      | Clear any existing net highlighting
    | Export Drawing to Clipboard
      |
      | Export drawing of current sheet to clipboard
    | Edit Library Symbol...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+E]
      | Open the library symbol in the Symbol Editor
    | Edit Sheet Page Number...
      |
      | Edit the page number of the current or selected sheet
    | Edit Symbol Fields...
      |
      | Bulk-edit fields of all symbols in schematic
    | Edit Symbol Library Links...
      |
      | Edit links between schematic and library symbols
    | Edit with Symbol Editor
      | kbd:[Ctrl+E]
      | Open the selected symbol in the Symbol Editor
    | Export Netlist...
      |
      | Export file containing netlist in one of several formats
    | Export Symbols to Library...
      |
      | Add symbols used in schematic to an existing symbol library
    (does not remove other symbols from this library)
    | Export Symbols to New Library...
      |
      | Create a new symbol library using the symbols used in the schematic
    (if the library already exists it will be replaced)
    | Generate BOM...
      |
      | Generate a bill of materials for the current schematic
    | Highlight Net
      | kbd:[`]
      | Highlight net under cursor
    | Highlight Nets
      |
      | Highlight wires and pins of a net
    | Import Footprint Assignments...
      |
      | Import symbol footprint assignments from .cmp file created by board editor
    | Line Mode for Wires and Buses
      |
      | Constrain drawing and dragging to horizontal, vertical, or 45-degree angle motions
    | Line Mode for Wires and Buses
      |
      | Draw and drag at any angle
    | Line Mode for Wires and Buses
      | kbd:[Shift+Space]
      | Switch to next line mode
    | Line Mode for Wires and Buses
      |
      | Constrain drawing and dragging to horizontal or vertical motions
    | Remap Legacy Library Symbols...
      |
      | Remap library symbol references in legacy schematics to the symbol library table
    | Repair Schematic
      |
      | Run various diagnostics and attempt to repair schematic
    | Rescue Symbols...
      |
      | Find old symbols in project and rename/rescue them
    | Simulator...
      |
      | Simulate circuit in SPICE
    | Save Current Sheet Copy As...
      |
      | Save a copy of the current sheet to another location or name
    | Schematic Setup...
      |
      | Edit schematic setup including annotation styles and electrical rules
    | Select on PCB
      |
      | Select corresponding items in PCB editor
    | Show ERC Errors
      |
      | Show markers for electrical rules checker errors
    | Show ERC Exclusions
      |
      | Show markers for excluded electrical rules checker violations
    | Show ERC Warnings
      |
      | Show markers for electrical rules checker warnings
    | Show Hidden Fields
      |
      | Toggle display of hidden text fields
    | Show Hidden Pins
      |
      | Toggle display of hidden pins
    | Switch to PCB Editor
      |
      | Open PCB in board editor
    | Scripting Console
      |
      | Show the Python scripting console
    | Hierarchy Navigator
      | kbd:[Ctrl+H]
      | Show or hide the schematic sheet hierarchy navigator
    | Symbol Checker
      |
      | Show the symbol checker window
    | Electrical Rules Checker
      |
      | Perform electrical rules check
    | Show Datasheet
      | kbd:[D]
      | Opens the datasheet in a browser
    | Add Arc
      |
      | Add an arc
    | Add Circle
      |
      | Add a circle
    | Add Rectangle
      |
      | Add a rectangle
    | Add Sheet
      | kbd:[S]
      | Add a hierarchical sheet
    | Add Text Box
      |
      | Add a text box
    | Finish Sheet
      |
      | Finish drawing sheet
    | Import Sheet Pin
      |
      | Import a hierarchical sheet pin
    | Add Wire to Bus Entry
      | kbd:[Z]
      | Add a wire entry to a bus
    | Add Net Class Directive
      |
      | Add a net class directive label
    | Add Global Label
      | kbd:[Ctrl+L]
      | Add a global label
    | Add Hierarchical Label
      | kbd:[H]
      | Add a hierarchical label
    | Add Image
      |
      | Add bitmap image
    | Add Junction
      | kbd:[J]
      | Add a junction
    | Add Label
      | kbd:[L]
      | Add a net label
    | Add No Connect Flag
      | kbd:[Q]
      | Add a no-connection flag
    | Add Power
      | kbd:[P]
      | Add a power symbol
    | Add Text
      | kbd:[T]
      | Add text
    | Add Symbol
      | kbd:[A]
      | Add a symbol
    | Add Bus
      | kbd:[B]
      | Add a bus
    | Add Lines
      | kbd:[I]
      | Add connected graphic lines
    | Add Wire
      | kbd:[W]
      | Add a wire
    | Finish Wire or Bus
      | kbd:[K]
      | Complete drawing at current segment
    | Finish Bus
      |
      | Complete bus with current segment
    | Finish Lines
      |
      | Complete connected lines with current segment
    | Finish Wire
      |
      | Complete wire with current segment
    | Switch Segment Posture
      | kbd:[/]
      | Switches posture of the current segment.
    | Undo Last Segment
      | kbd:[Back]
      | Walks the current line back one segment.
    | Unfold from Bus
      | kbd:[C]
      | Break a wire out of a bus
    | Assign Netclass...
      |
      | Assign a netclass to nets matching a pattern
    | Autoplace Fields
      | kbd:[O]
      | Runs the automatic placement algorithm on the symbol or sheet's fields
    | Break
      |
      | Divide into connected segments
    | Change Symbol...
      |
      | Assign a different symbol from the library
    | Change Symbols...
      |
      | Assign different symbols from the library
    | Cleanup Sheet Pins
      |
      | Delete unreferenced sheet pins
    | Edit Footprint…
      | kbd:[F]
      | Displays footprint field dialog
    | Edit Reference Designator...
      | kbd:[U]
      | Displays reference designator dialog
    | Edit Text & Graphics Properties...
      |
      | Edit text and graphics properties globally across schematic
    | Edit Value…
      | kbd:[V]
      | Displays value field dialog
    | Mirror Horizontally
      | kbd:[X]
      | Flips selected item(s) from left to right
    | Mirror Vertically
      | kbd:[Y]
      | Flips selected item(s) from top to bottom
    | Pin Table...
      |
      | Displays pin table for bulk editing of pins
    | Properties…
      | kbd:[E]
      | Displays item properties dialog
    | Repeat Last Item
      | kbd:[Ins]
      | Duplicates the last drawn item
    | Rotate Counterclockwise
      | kbd:[R]
      | Rotates selected item(s) counter-clockwise
    | Rotate Clockwise
      |
      | Rotates selected item(s) clockwise
    | De Morgan Alternate
      |
      | Switch to alternate De Morgan representation
    | De Morgan Standard
      |
      | Switch to standard De Morgan representation
    | Slice
      |
      | Divide into unconnected segments
    | Swap
      | kbd:[Shift+S]
      | Swaps selected items' positions
    | Symbol Properties...
      |
      | Displays symbol properties dialog
    | Change to Directive Label
      |
      | Change existing item to a directive label
    | Change to Global Label
      |
      | Change existing item to a global label
    | Change to Hierarchical Label
      |
      | Change existing item to a hierarchical label
    | Change to Label
      |
      | Change existing item to a label
    | Change to Text
      |
      | Change existing item to a text comment
    | Change to Text Box
      |
      | Change existing item to a text box
    | De Morgan Conversion
      |
      | Switch between De Morgan representations
    | Update Symbol...
      |
      | Update symbol to include any changes from the library
    | Update Symbols from Library...
      |
      | Update symbols to include any changes from the library
    | Move Activate
      |
      | 
    | Drag
      | kbd:[G]
      | Drags the selected item(s)
    | Move
      | kbd:[M]
      | Moves the selected item(s)
    | Select Connection
      | kbd:[Alt+4]
      | Select a complete connection
    | Select Node
      | kbd:[Alt+3]
      | Select a connection item under the cursor
    | Navigate Back
      | kbd:[Alt+Left]
      | Move backward in sheet navigation history
    | Change Sheet
      |
      | Change to provided sheet's contents in the schematic editor
    | Enter Sheet
      |
      | Display the selected sheet's contents in the schematic editor
    | Navigate Forward
      | kbd:[Alt+Right]
      | Move forward in sheet navigation history
    | Leave Sheet
      | kbd:[Alt+Back]
      | Display the parent sheet in the schematic editor
    | Next Sheet
      | kbd:[PgDn]
      | Move to next sheet by number
    | Previous Sheet
      | kbd:[PgUp]
      | Move to previous sheet by number
    | Navigate Up
      | kbd:[Alt+Up]
      | Navigate up one sheet in the hierarchy
    | Push Pin Length
      |
      | Copy pin length to other pins in symbol
    | Push Pin Name Size
      |
      | Copy pin name size to other pins in symbol
    | Push Pin Number Size
      |
      | Copy pin number size to other pins in symbol
    | Create Corner
      |
      | Create a corner
    | Remove Corner
      |
      | Remove corner
    | Add a simulator probe
      |
      | 
    | Select a value to be tuned
      |
      | 
    | Add Lines
      |
      | Add connected graphic lines
    | Add Text Box
      |
      | Add a text box item
    | Finish Drawing
      |
      | Finish drawing shape
    | Move Symbol Anchor
      |
      | Specify a new location for the symbol anchor
    | Add Pin
      | kbd:[P]
      | Add a pin
    | Add Text
      |
      | Add a text item
    | Add Symbol to Schematic
      |
      | Add Symbol to Schematic
    | Copy
      |
      | 
    | Cut
      |
      | 
    | Delete Symbol
      |
      | Remove the selected symbol from its library
    | Duplicate Symbol
      |
      | Make a copy of the selected symbol
    | Edit Symbol
      |
      | Show selected symbol on editor canvas
    | Export…
      |
      | Export a symbol to a new library file
    | Export Symbol as SVG…
      |
      | Create SVG file from the current symbol
    | Export View as PNG…
      |
      | Create PNG file from the current view
    | Hide Symbol Tree
      |
      | 
    | Import Symbol...
      |
      | Import a symbol to the current library
    | New Symbol...
      | kbd:[N]
      | Create a new symbol
    | Paste Symbol
      |
      | 
    | Rename Symbol...
      |
      | Rename the selected symbol
    | Save Library As...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+S]
      | Save the current library to a new file.
    | Save As…
      |
      | Save the current symbol to a different library.
    | Set Unit Display Name...
      |
      | Set the display name for a unit
    | Show Pin Electrical Types
      |
      | Annotate pins with their electrical types
    | Show Pin Numbers
      |
      | Annotate pins with their numbers
    | Show Symbol Tree
      |
      | 
    | Synchronized Pins Mode
      |
      | Synchronized Pins Mode
    When enabled propagates all changes (except pin numbers) to other units.
    Enabled by default for multiunit parts with interchangeable units.
    | Update Symbol Fields...
      |
      | Update symbol to match changes made in parent symbol
    | Symbol Move Activate
      |
      |
zh: | 操作 | 默认快捷键 | 描述
    | 将元素对齐到网格
      |
      | 
    | 批注原理图...
      |
      | 填写原理图符号位号
    | 自动批注
      |
      | 切换新元件符号的自动批注
    | 分配封装...
      |
      | 运行封装分配工具
    | 清除网络高亮显示
      | kbd:[~]
      | 清除所有的高亮网络
    | 导出图纸到剪贴板
      |
      | 将当前图纸导出到剪贴板上
    | 编辑库符号...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+E]
      | 在符号编辑器中打开库的符号
    | 编辑图纸页码...
      |
      | 编辑当前或选定页面的页码
    | 编辑符号字段...
      |
      | 批量编辑原理图中所有符号的字段
    | 编辑符号库链接...
      |
      | 编辑原理图和库中符号之间的链接
    | 用符号编辑器进行编辑
      | kbd:[Ctrl+E]
      | 在符号编辑器中打开选定的符号
    | 导出网表...
      |
      | 导出包含网表的文件, 格式有多种
    | 将符号导出到库...
      |
      | 将原理图中使用的符号添加到已有的符号库
    (不删除该库中的其他符号)
    | 将符号导出到新的库...
      |
      | 使用原理图中使用的符号创建一个新的符号库
    (如果库已存在, 将会被覆盖)
    | 生成 BOM...
      |
      | 为当前的原理图生成一个物料清单
    | 高亮显示网络
      | kbd:[`]
      | 高亮显示光标下的网络
    | 高亮显示网络
      |
      | 高亮显示网络的走线和引脚
    | 导入封装分配...
      |
      | 将PCB编辑器创建的 .cmp 文件中导入符号封装分配
    | 走线和总线的线路模式
      |
      | 将绘图和拖动限制在水平、垂直或45度角的动作上
    | 走线和总线的线路模式
      |
      | 以任何角度绘制和拖动
    | 走线和总线的线路模式
      | kbd:[Shift+Space]
      | 切换到线路模式
    | 走线和总线的线路模式
      |
      | 将绘图和拖动限制在水平或垂直运动上
    | 重新映射旧版本库的符号...
      |
      | 将旧版本原理图中的库符号引用重新映射到符号库表中
    | 修复原理图
      |
      | 运行各种诊断程序，并尝试修复原理图
    | 恢复符号...
      |
      | 查找工程中的旧符号，并重新命名/恢复它们
    | 仿真...
      |
      | 在SPICE中仿真电路
    | 将当前图纸另存为...
      |
      | 将当前图纸的副本保存到其他位置或名称
    | 原理图设置...
      |
      | 编辑原理图设置，包括批注样式和电气规则
    | 在PCB中选择
      |
      | 在PCB编辑器中选择相应的对象
    | 显示 ERC 错误
      |
      | 显示电气规则检查器错误的标记
    | 显示排除ERC
      |
      | 显示被排除的违反电气规则检查器的标记
    | 显示ERC警告
      |
      | 显示电气规则检查器警告的标记
    | 显示隐藏字段
      |
      | 切换显示隐藏文本字段
    | 显示隐藏的引脚
      |
      | 切换显示隐藏的引脚
    | 切换到 PCB 编辑器
      |
      | 在电路板编辑器中打开 PCB
    | 脚本控制台
      |
      | 显示 Python 脚本控制台
    | 层次结构导航器
      | kbd:[Ctrl+H]
      | 显示或隐藏原理图页的层次导航器
    | 符号检查器
      |
      | 显示符号检查器窗口
    | 电气规则检查
      |
      | 执行电气规则检查
    | 显示数据手册
      | kbd:[D]
      | 在浏览器中打开数据手册
    | 添加圆弧
      |
      | 添加圆弧
    | 添加圆形
      |
      | 添加圆形
    | 添加矩形
      |
      | 添加一个圆形
    | 添加原理图页
      | kbd:[S]
      | 添加一个层次化的原理图页
    | 添加文本框
      |
      | 添加一个文本框
    | 完成原理图页
      |
      | 完成绘制原理图页
    | 导入页面引脚
      |
      | 导入层次化原理图页的引脚
    | 在总线入口处添加导线
      | kbd:[Z]
      | 在总线上增加一个导线入口
    | 添加网络类标识符
      |
      | 添加一个网络类标识符
    | 添加全局标签
      | kbd:[Ctrl+L]
      | 添加全局标签
    | 添加层次标签
      | kbd:[H]
      | 添加层次标签
    | 添加图片
      |
      | 添加位图图片
    | 添加结点
      | kbd:[J]
      | 添加结点
    | 添加标签
      | kbd:[L]
      | 添加标签
    | 增加一个不连接的标志
      | kbd:[Q]
      | 增加一个不连接的标志
    | 添加电源
      | kbd:[P]
      | 添加一个电源符号
    | 添加文本
      | kbd:[T]
      | 添加文本
    | 添加符号
      | kbd:[A]
      | 添加符号
    | 添加总线
      | kbd:[B]
      | 添加总线
    | 添加线条
      | kbd:[I]
      | 添加连接的图形线条
    | 添加导线
      | kbd:[W]
      | 添加导线
    | 完成导线或总线
      | kbd:[K]
      | 完成当前线段的绘制
    |  完成总线
      |
      | 完成当前段的总线
    | 完成线条
      |
      | 完成当前段的线条
    |  完成导线
      |
      | 完成当前段的导线
    | 切换线段的姿势
      | kbd:[/]
      | 切换当前线段的姿势
    | 撤销上一个线段
      | kbd:[Back]
      | 将当前线段往回走一段
    | 从总线上断开
      | kbd:[C]
      | 从总线上断开一条线
    | 分配网络类...
      |
      | 为所选导线的网络分配一个网络类
    | 自动放置字段
      | kbd:[O]
      | 在符号或图纸的字段上运行自动放置算法
    | 断开
      |
      | 分成相连的线段
    | 更改符号...
      |
      | 从库中指定一个不同的符号
    | 变更符号...
      |
      | 从库中指定不同的符号
    | 清理图纸引脚
      |
      | 删除未引用的图纸引脚
    | 编辑封装……
      | kbd:[F]
      | 显示封装字段对话框
    | 编辑位号...
      | kbd:[U]
      | 显示位号对话框
    | 编辑文本和图形属性...
      |
      | 编辑整个原理图的文本和图形属性
    | 编辑值…
      | kbd:[V]
      | 显示值字段对话框
    | 水平镜像
      | kbd:[X]
      | 将所选对象从左向右翻转
    | 垂直镜像
      | kbd:[Y]
      | 将所选项目从上到下翻转
    | 引脚表...
      |
      | 显示引脚表, 用于批量编辑引脚
    | 属性…
      | kbd:[E]
      | 显示项目属性对话框
    | 重复上一个项目
      | kbd:[Ins]
      | 复制上一个绘制的项目
    | 逆时针旋转
      | kbd:[R]
      | 逆时针旋转所选项目
    | 顺时针旋转
      |
      | 顺时针旋转所选项目
    | 德摩根替换
      |
      | 切换到备用的德摩根表示法
    | 德摩根标准
      |
      | 切换到标准德摩根表示法
    | 切割
      |
      | 分成不相连的线段
    | 交换
      | kbd:[Shift+S]
      | 交换所选对象的位置
    | 符号属性...
      |
      | 显示符号属性对话框
    | 更改为标识符标签
      |
      | 更改现有项目为标识符标签
    | 更改为全局标签
      |
      | 更改现有项目为全局标签
    | 更改为层次标签
      |
      | 更改现有项目为层次标签
    | 更改为标签
      |
      | 更改现有项目为标签
    | 更改为文本
      |
      | 更改现有项目为文本注释
    | 更改为文本框
      |
      | 更改现有项目为文本注释框
    | 德摩根转换
      |
      | 在德摩根表示法之间切换
    | 更新符号...
      |
      | 更新符号以包括库中的任何变化
    | 从库中更新符号...
      |
      | 更新符号以包括库中的任何变化
    | 移动激活
      |
      | 
    | 拖动
      | kbd:[G]
      | 拖动选定的项目(s)
    | 移动
      | kbd:[M]
      | 移动所选的项目(s)
    | 选择连接
      | kbd:[Alt+4]
      | 选择一个完整的连接
    | 选择节点
      | kbd:[Alt+3]
      | 选择光标下的一个连接对象
    | 向后导航
      | kbd:[Alt+Left]
      | 在页面导航历史中向后移动
    | 更改原理图页面
      |
      | 在原理图编辑器中更改所提供的页面的内容
    | 进入原理图页
      |
      | 在原理图编辑器中显示所选页面的内容
    | 向前导航
      | kbd:[Alt+Right]
      | 在原理图页导航历史中向前移动
    | 离开原理图页
      | kbd:[Alt+Back]
      | 在原理图编辑器中显示父原理图页
    | 下一个原理图页
      | kbd:[PgDn]
      | 按编号移至下一原理图页
    | 上一个原理图页
      | kbd:[PgUp]
      | 按编号移至上一原理图页
    | 向上导航
      | kbd:[Alt+Up]
      | 在层次结构中向上浏览一个原理图页
    | 复制引脚长度
      |
      | 将引脚长度复制到符号中的其他引脚上
    | 复制引脚名称尺寸
      |
      | 将引脚名称尺寸复制到符号中的其他引脚上
    | 复制引脚编号尺寸
      |
      | 将引脚编号的尺寸复制到符号中的其他引脚上
    | 创建转角
      |
      | 创建一个转角
    | 移除转角
      |
      | 移除转角
    | 添加一个仿真器探针
      |
      | 
    | 选择一个要调整的值
      |
      | 
    | 添加线条
      |
      | 添加连接的图形线条
    | 添加文本框
      |
      | 添加一个文本框对象
    | 完成绘图
      |
      | 完成绘制形状
    | 移动符号锚点
      |
      | 为符号锚点指定一个新的位置
    | 添加引脚
      | kbd:[P]
      | 添加一个引脚
    | 添加文本
      |
      | 添加一个文本对象
    | 添加符号到原理图
      |
      | 添加符号到原理图
    | 复制
      |
      | 
    | 剪切
      |
      | 
    | 删除符号
      |
      | 从库中删除所选符号
    | 复制符号
      |
      | 复制所选符号
    | 编辑符号
      |
      | 在编辑器画布上显示选定的符号
    | 导出…
      |
      | 将一个符号导出到一个新的库文件
    | 导出符号为 SVG…
      |
      | 从当前符号创建 SVG 文件
    | 将视图导出为 PNG…
      |
      | 从当前视图中创建 PNG 文件
    | 隐藏符号树
      |
      | 
    | 导入符号...
      |
      | 导入一个符号到当前库中
    | 添加符号...
      | kbd:[N]
      | 创建一个新的符号
    | 粘贴符号
      |
      | 
    | 重命名符号...
      |
      | 重命名所选符号n
    | 将库另存为..
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+S]
      | 将当前库保存为一个新文件
    | 另存为…
      |
      | 将当前的符号保存到一个不同的库中
    | 设置单元显示名称...
      |
      | 为一个单元设置显示名称
    | 显示引脚电气类型
      |
      | 用电气类型来标注引脚
    | 显示引脚号
      |
      | 用引脚号标注引脚
    | 显示符号树
      |
      | 
    | 同步引脚模式
      |
      | 同步引脚模式
    启用后会将所有的变化（除了引脚编号）传播到其他单元。
    对于具有可互换单元的多单元部件，默认情况下是启用的。
    | 更新符号字段...
      |
      | 更新符号以匹配父符号中的变化
    | 符号移动激活
      |
      |

note: type: Title ===
en: Common
zh: 通用

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available across KiCad, including in the Schematic Editor.  Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh: 以下操作可在 KiCad 中使用，包括在原理图编辑器中。 可以在偏好设置的 **快捷键** 页面将快捷键分配给这些操作中的任何一个。

note: type: Table
en: | Action | Default Hotkey | Description
    | Exclude Marker
      |
      | Mark current violation in Checker window as an exclusion
    | Next Marker
      |
      | Go to next marker in Checker window
    | Previous Marker
      |
      | Go to previous marker in Checker window
    | Add Library…
      |
      | Add an existing library folder
    | Click
      | kbd:[Return]
      | Performs left mouse button click
    | Double-click
      | kbd:[End]
      | Performs left mouse button double-click
    | Cursor Down
      | kbd:[Down]
      | 
    | Cursor Down Fast
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Down]
      | 
    | Cursor Left
      | kbd:[Left]
      | 
    | Cursor Left Fast
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Left]
      | 
    | Cursor Right
      | kbd:[Right]
      | 
    | Cursor Right Fast
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Right]
      | 
    | Cursor Up
      | kbd:[Up]
      | 
    | Cursor Up Fast
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Up]
      | 
    | Switch to Fast Grid 1
      | kbd:[Alt+1]
      | 
    | Switch to Fast Grid 2
      | kbd:[Alt+2]
      | 
    | Switch to Next Grid
      | kbd:[N]
      | 
    | Switch to Previous Grid
      | kbd:[Shift+N]
      | 
    | Grid Properties...
      |
      | Set grid dimensions
    | Reset Grid Origin
      | kbd:[Z]
      | 
    | Grid Origin
      | kbd:[S]
      | Set the grid origin point
    | Inactive Layer View Mode
      |
      | Toggle inactive layers between normal and dimmed
    | Inactive Layer View Mode (3-state)
      | kbd:[H]
      | Cycle inactive layers between normal, dimmed, and hidden
    | Inches
      |
      | Use inches
    | Millimeters
      |
      | Use millimeters
    | Mils
      |
      | Use mils
    | New...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+N]
      | Create a new document in the editor
    | New Library…
      |
      | Create a new library folder
    | Open...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+O]
      | Open existing document
    | Page Settings...
      |
      | Settings for paper size and title block info
    | Pan Down
      | kbd:[Shift+Down]
      | 
    | Pan Left
      | kbd:[Shift+Left]
      | 
    | Pan Right
      | kbd:[Shift+Right]
      | 
    | Pan Up
      | kbd:[Shift+Up]
      | 
    | Pin Library
      |
      | Keep the library at the top of the list
    | Plot...
      |
      | Plot
    | Print...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+P]
      | Print
    | Quit
      |
      | Close the current editor
    | Reset Local Coordinates
      | kbd:[Space]
      | 
    | Revert
      |
      | Throw away changes
    | Save
      | kbd:[Ctrl+S]
      | Save changes
    | Save All
      |
      | Save all changes
    | Save As…
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+S]
      | Save current document to another location
    | Save a Copy...
      |
      | Save a copy of the current document to another location
    | Select Columns
      |
      | 
    | 3D Viewer
      | kbd:[Alt+3]
      | Show 3D viewer window
    | Show Context Menu
      |
      | Perform the right-mouse-button action
    | Footprint Library Browser
      |
      | Browse footprint libraries
    | Footprint Editor
      |
      | Create, delete and edit footprints
    | Symbol Library Browser
      |
      | Browse symbol libraries
    | Symbol Editor
      |
      | Create, delete and edit symbols
    | Draw Bounding Boxes
      |
      | Draw Bounding Boxes
    | Always Show Cursor
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+X]
      | Display crosshairs even in selection tool
    | Full-Window Crosshairs
      |
      | Switch display of full-window crosshairs
    | Show Grid
      |
      | Display background grid in the edit window
    | Polar Coordinates
      |
      | Switch between polar and cartesian coordinate systems
    | Switch units
      | kbd:[Ctrl+U]
      | Switch between imperial and metric units
    | Unpin Library
      |
      | No longer keep the library at the top of the list
    | Update PCB from Schematic…
      | kbd:[F8]
      | Update PCB with changes made to schematic
    | Update Schematic from PCB...
      |
      | Update schematic with changes made to PCB
    | Center on Cursor
      | kbd:[F4]
      | Center on Cursor
    | Zoom to Objects
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Home]
      | Zoom to Objects
    | Zoom to Fit
      | kbd:[Home]
      | Zoom to Fit
    | Zoom In at Cursor
      | kbd:[F1]
      | Zoom In at Cursor
    | Zoom In
      |
      | Zoom In
    | Zoom Out at Cursor
      | kbd:[F2]
      | Zoom Out at Cursor
    | Zoom Out
      |
      | Zoom Out
    | Refresh
      | kbd:[F5]
      | Refresh
    | Zoom to Selection
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F5]
      | Zoom to Selection
    | Cancel
      |
      | Cancel current tool
    | Copy
      | kbd:[Ctrl+C]
      | Copy selected item(s) to clipboard
    | Cut
      | kbd:[Ctrl+X]
      | Cut selected item(s) to clipboard
    | Cycle arc editing mode
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Space]
      | Switch to a different method of editing arcs
    | Delete
      | kbd:[Del]
      | Deletes selected item(s)
    | Interactive Delete Tool
      |
      | Delete clicked items
    | Duplicate
      | kbd:[Ctrl+D]
      | Duplicates the selected item(s)
    | Find
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F]
      | Find text
    | Find and Replace
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Alt+F]
      | Find and replace text
    | Find Next
      | kbd:[F3]
      | Find next match
    | Find Next Marker
      | kbd:[Shift+F3]
      | 
    | Paste
      | kbd:[Ctrl+V]
      | Paste item(s) from clipboard
    | Paste Special...
      |
      | Paste item(s) from clipboard with annotation options
    | Redo
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Y]
      | Redo last edit
    | Replace All
      |
      | Replace all matches
    | Replace and Find Next
      |
      | Replace current match and find next
    | Show Search Panel
      | kbd:[Ctrl+G]
      | Show/hide the search panel
    | Select All
      | kbd:[Ctrl+A]
      | Select all items on screen
    | Undo
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Z]
      | Undo last edit
    | Measure Tool
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+M]
      | Interactively measure distance between points
    | Select item(s)
      |
      | Select item(s)
    | Configure Paths…
      |
      | Edit path configuration environment variables
    | Donate
      |
      | Open "Donate to KiCad" in a web browser
    | Get Involved
      |
      | Open "Contribute to KiCad" in a web browser
    | Getting Started with KiCad
      |
      | Open “Getting Started in KiCad” guide for beginners
    | Help
      |
      | Open product documentation in a web browser
    | List Hotkeys...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F1]
      | Displays current hotkeys table and corresponding commands
    | Preferences...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+,]
      | Show preferences for all open tools
    | Report Bug
      |
      | Report a problem with KiCad
    | Manage Footprint Libraries...
      |
      | Edit the global and project footprint library lists
    | Manage Symbol Libraries…
      |
      | Edit the global and project symbol library lists
zh: | 操作 | 默认快捷键 | 描述
    | 排除标记
      |
      | 将检查器窗口中的当前违规行为标记为排除项
    | 下一个标记
      |
      | 前往检查器窗口中的下一个标记
    | 上一个标记
      |
      | 前往检查器窗口中的上一个标记
    | 添加库…
      |
      | 添加一个现有的库文件夹
    | 点击
      | kbd:[Return]
      | 执行鼠标左键点击
    | 双击
      | kbd:[End]
      | 执行鼠标左键双击
    | 光标下移
      | kbd:[Down]
      | 
    | 光标快速下移
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Down]
      | 
    | 光标左移
      | kbd:[Left]
      | 
    | 光标快速左移
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Left]
      | 
    | 光标右移
      | kbd:[Right]
      | 
    | 光标快速右移
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Right]
      | 
    | 光标上移
      | kbd:[Up]
      | 
    | 光标快速上移
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Up]
      | 
    | 切换到快速网格 1
      | kbd:[Alt+1]
      | 
    | 切换到快速网格 2
      | kbd:[Alt+2]
      | 
    | 切换到下一个网格
      | kbd:[N]
      | 
    | 切换到上一个网格
      | kbd:[Shift+N]
      | 
    | 网格属性...
      |
      | 设置网格尺寸
    | 重置网格原点
      | kbd:[Z]
      | 
    | 网格原点
      | kbd:[S]
      | 设置网格原点
    | 非活动层查看模式
      |
      | 切换非活动图层为正常或暗显
    | 非活动层查看模式 (3种状态)
      | kbd:[H]
      | 将非活动层在正常、暗显和隐藏之间切换
    | 英寸
      |
      | 使用英寸
    | 毫米
      |
      | 使用毫米
    | Mils
      |
      | 使用Mils
    | 新建...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+N]
      | 在编辑器中创建一个新的文件
    | 新建库…
      |
      | 创建一个新的库文件夹
    | 打开...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+O]
      | 打开现有文件
    | 页面设置...
      |
      | 图纸大小和标题块信息的设置
    | 向下平移（触摸板）
      | kbd:[Shift+Down]
      | 
    | 向左平移（触摸板）
      | kbd:[Shift+Left]
      | 
    | 向右平移（触摸板）
      | kbd:[Shift+Right]
      | 
    | 向上平移（触摸板）
      | kbd:[Shift+Up]
      | 
    | 引脚库
      |
      | 将库保持在列表的顶部
    | 绘制...
      |
      | 绘制
    | 打印...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+P]
      | 打印
    | 退出
      |
      | 关闭当前编辑器
    | 重置本地坐标
      | kbd:[Space]
      | 
    | 还原
      |
      | 放弃修改
    | 保存
      | kbd:[Ctrl+S]
      | 保存更改
    | 全部保存
      |
      | 保存所有更改
    | 另存为…
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+S]
      | 将当前文件保存到其他位置
    | 保存副本为...
      |
      | 将当前文档的副本保存到另一个位置
    | 3D 查看器
      | kbd:[Alt+3]
      | 显示 3D 查看器窗口
    | 显示上下文菜单
      |
      | 执行鼠标右键动作
    | 封装库浏览器
      |
      | 浏览封装库
    | 封装编辑器
      |
      | 创建、删除和编辑封装
    | 符号库浏览器
      |
      | 浏览符号库
    | 符号编辑器
      |
      | 创建、删除和编辑符号
    | 始终显示光标
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+X]
      | 即使在选择工具中也显示十字准线
    | 全窗口十字准线
      |
      | 切换全窗口十字准线的显示
    | 显示网格
      |
      | 在编辑窗口中显示网格点或网格线
    | 极坐标
      |
      | 在极坐标系和卡迪尔坐标系之间切换
    | 切换单位
      | kbd:[Ctrl+U]
      | 在英制和公制单位之间切换
    | 取消固定库位置
      |
      | 不再将库保持在列表的顶部
    | 从原理图更新 PCB…
      | kbd:[F8]
      | 将原理图的变化更新到 PCB
    | 从 PCB 更新原理图...
      |
      | 将 PCB 的变化更新到原理图
    | 居中
      | kbd:[F4]
      | 居中
    | 缩放到对象
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Home]
      | 缩放到对象
    | 缩放至适合
      | kbd:[Home]
      | 缩放至适合
    | 放大到适合
      | kbd:[F1]
      | 在光标处放大
    | 放大
      |
      | 放大
    | 在光标处放大
      | kbd:[F2]
      | 在光标处放大
    | 缩小
      |
      | 缩小
    | 刷新
      | kbd:[F5]
      | 刷新
    | 缩放选择
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F5]
      | 缩放选择
    | 取消
      |
      | 取消当前工具
    | 变更编辑方式
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Space]
      | 变更编辑方法约束
    | 复制
      | kbd:[Ctrl+C]
      | 将选定的项目复制到剪贴板上
    | 剪切
      | kbd:[Ctrl+X]
      | 将选定的项目剪贴到剪贴板上
    | 删除
      | kbd:[Del]
      | 删除所选项目
    | 交互式删除工具
      |
      | 删除被点击的项目
    | 复制
      | kbd:[Ctrl+D]
      | 复制选定的项目
    | 查找
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F]
      | 查找文本
    | 查找和替换
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Alt+F]
      | 查找并替换文本
    | 查找下一个
      | kbd:[F3]
      | 查找下一个匹配
    | 查找下一个标记
      | kbd:[Shift+F3]
      | 
    | 粘贴
      | kbd:[Ctrl+V]
      | 从剪贴板上粘贴项目
    | 特殊粘贴...
      |
      | 从剪贴板中粘贴项目（可选项设置）
    | 重做
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Y]
      | 重做最后的编辑
    | 全部替换
      |
      | 替换所有匹配的内容
    | 替换并查找下一个
      |
      | 替换当前匹配项并查找下一个
    | 全选
      | kbd:[Ctrl+A]
      | 选择屏幕上的所有项目
    | 撤消
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Z]
      | 撤消最后的编辑
    | 测量工具
      | kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+M]
      | 交互式测量点之间的距离
    | 选择项目
      |
      | 选择项目
    | 配置路径…
      |
      | 编辑路径配置环境变量
    | 捐赠
      |
      | 在网页浏览器中打开 “捐赠 KiCad”
    | 参与贡献
      |
      | 在网页浏览器中打开 “为 KiCad 做贡献”
    | 开始使用 KiCad
      |
      | 打开 “KiCad 入门” 的初学者指南
    | 帮助
      |
      | 在网络浏览器中打开产品文档
    | 列出快捷键...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+F1]
      | 显示当前的快捷键列表和相应的命令
    | 偏好设置...
      | kbd:[Ctrl+，]
      | 显示所有打开的工具的偏好设置
    | 报告 Bug
      |
      | 报告 KiCad 的问题
    | 管理封装库...
      |
      | 编辑全局和工程封装库列表
    | 管理符号库…
      |
      | 编辑全局和工程的符号库列表

note: type: Title ==
en: Advanced Topics
zh: 高级主题

note: type: Title ===
en: Configuration and Customization
zh: 配置和定制

note: type: Plain text
en: This section of the KiCad documentation has not yet been written.  We
          appreciate your patience as our small team of volunteer documentation
          writers work to update and expand the documentation.
zh: KiCad 文档的这一部分尚未编写。 感谢您的耐心等待，我们的志愿文档编写者正在努力更新和扩展文档。

note: type: Title ====
en: Text variables
zh: 文本变量

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad supports text variables, which allow you to substitute the variable name with a defined text string. This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh: KiCad 支持文本变量，它允许您用定义的文本字符串替换变量名称。 这种替换发生在变量名称在 ${VARIABLENAME} 的变量替换语法中使用的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can define your own text variables in the <<schematic-setup-text-variables,schematic>> or xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[board setup] dialogs, but there are also a number of built-in system text variables. System text variables may be available in some contexts and not others.
zh: 您可以在 <<schematic-setup-text-variables,原理图>> 或 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[电路板设置] 对话框中定义自己的文本变量，除此之外还有一些内置的系统文本变量。 系统文本变量可能在某些上下文中可用，而在其他上下文中不可用。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following variables can be used in schematic text, label names, label fields, hierarchical sheet fields, symbol text, and symbol fields. There are also a number of xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#text-variables[variables that can be used in the PCB Editor].
zh: 以下变量可用于原理图文本、标签名称、标签字段、层次表字段、符号文本和符号字段。 还有一些 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#text-variables[在PCB 编辑器中可以使用的变量]。

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables used in hierarchical sheet fields refer to the properties of the hierarchical sheet, not the parent, unless otherwise noted. For example, `${#}` returns the subsheet's page number when used in a hierarchical sheet field, but the parent sheet's page number when used in graphic text in the parent sheet.
zh: 除非另有说明，否则层次化原理图字段中使用的变量指的是子原理图页的属性，而不是父图的属性。 例如，`${#}` 在层次化原理图字段中使用时返回子原理图的页码，在父原理图中的图形文本中使用时才返回父原理图的页码。

note: type: Table
en: | Variable name | Description
    | `#`
      | Sheet number.
    | `##`
      | Total number of schematic sheets.
    | `SHEETPATH`
      | Sheet path of the current sheet.
    | `FILENAME`
      | Filename of the *root schematic sheet*, with a file extension.
    | `PROJECTNAME`
      | Project name, without a file extension.
    | `ISSUE_DATE`
      | Contents of drawing sheet's `Issue Date` field.
    | `CURRENT_DATE`
      | Today's date, in ISO format.
    | `REVISION`
      | Contents of drawing sheet's `Revision` field.
    | `TITLE`
      | Contents of drawing sheet's `Title` field.
    | `COMPANY`
      | Contents of drawing sheet's `Company` field.
    | `COMMENT1` - `COMMENT9`
      | Contents of drawing sheet's `Comment<n>` field.
    | `<variablename>`
      | Contents of <<schematic-setup-text-variables,project text variable>>
      `<variablename>`.
    | `<fieldname>`
      | Contents of symbol field, hierarchical sheet field, or label field
        `<fieldname>`. Fields can only be accessed from within of their parent
        object, so symbol fields can be accessed from other text or fields within
        the symbol, and hierarchical sheet fields can be accessed within the sheet
        or in other sheet fields of the sheet.
        
        Both built-in and user-defined fields are available. Built-in fields use all
        uppercase letters: for example, to access the value of `U1`, use
        `${U1:VALUE}`.
    
        Built-in symbol fields are `DATASHEET`, `DNP`, `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD`,
        `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM`, `FOOTPRINT`, `FOOTPRINT_LIBRARY`, `FOOTPRINT_NAME`,
        `REFERENCE`, `SYMBOL_DESCRIPTION`, `SYMBOL_KEYWORDS`, `SYMBOL_LIBRARY`,
        `SYMBOL_NAME`, `UNIT`, `VALUE`.
    
        Built-in sheet fields are `SHEETNAME` and `SHEETFILE`.
    
        Built-in label fields are `CONNECTION_TYPE`, `SHORT_NET_NAME`, `NET_NAME`,
        `NET_CLASS`, and `INTERSHEET_REFS` (global labels only).
    
    | `<refdes>:<fieldname>`
      | Contents of field `<fieldname>` in symbol `<refdes>`.
        
        Both built-in and user-defined fields are available. Built-in fields use all
        uppercase letters: for example, to access the value of `U1`, use
        `${U1:VALUE}`.
        
        Built-in symbol fields are `DATASHEET`, `DNP`, `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD`,
        `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM`, `FOOTPRINT`, `FOOTPRINT_LIBRARY`, `FOOTPRINT_NAME`,
        `REFERENCE`, `SYMBOL_DESCRIPTION`, `SYMBOL_KEYWORDS`, `SYMBOL_LIBRARY`,
        `SYMBOL_NAME`, `UNIT`, `VALUE`.
zh: | 变量名称 | 描述
    | `#`
      | 页码.
    | `##`
      | 原理图总页数
    | `SHEETPATH`
      | 当前原理图页的页面路径.
    | `FILENAME`
      | *根原理图页* 的文件名, 带文件扩展名。
    | `PROJECTNAME`
      | 工程名，不带文件扩展名。
    | `ISSUE_DATE`
      | 原理图内容 `发布日期` 字段。
    | `CURRENT_DATE`
      | 当前日期, 用ISO格式。
    | `REVISION`
      | 原理图内容 `版本` 字段。
    | `TITLE`
      | 原理图内容的 `标题` 字段。
    | `COMPANY`
      | 原理图内容的 `公司` 字段。
    | `COMMENT1` - `COMMENT9`
      | 原理图内容的 `注释<n>` 字段.
    | `<variablename>`
      | <<schematic-setup-text-variables,工程文本标量>>的内容
      `<variablename>`.
    | `<fieldname>`
      | 符号字段、层次原理图字段或标签字段 `<fieldname>` 的内容
        字段只能从其父对象内部访问，
        因此可以从符号内的其他文本或字段访问符号字段，
        可以在层次原理图页面内或层次原理图页的其他字段中访问层次原理图页面字段
        访问层次原理图页面字段。
        
        内置和用户定义的字段都可用。 内置字段全部使用
        大写字母：例如，要访问 U1 的值，请使用
         `${U1:VALUE}`.
    
        内置符号字段包括 `DATASHEET`, `DNP`, `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD`,
        `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM`, `FOOTPRINT`, `FOOTPRINT_LIBRARY`, `FOOTPRINT_NAME`,
        `REFERENCE`, `SYMBOL_DESCRIPTION`, `SYMBOL_KEYWORDS`, `SYMBOL_LIBRARY`,
        `SYMBOL_NAME`, `UNIT`, `VALUE`.
    
        内置页面字段包括 `SHEETNAME` and `SHEETFILE`.
    
        内置标签字段包括 `CONNECTION_TYPE`, `SHORT_NET_NAME`, `NET_NAME`,
        `NET_CLASS`, 以及 `INTERSHEET_REFS` (仅全局标签)。
    
    | `<refdes>:<fieldname>`
      | 符号 `<refdes>` 字段 `<fieldname>` 的内容。
        
       内置和用户定义的字段都可用。 内置字段全部使用
        大写字母：例如，要访问 U1 的值，请使用
        `${U1:VALUE}`.
    
        内置符号字段包括 `DATASHEET`, `DNP`, `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD`,
        `EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM`, `FOOTPRINT`, `FOOTPRINT_LIBRARY`, `FOOTPRINT_NAME`,
        `REFERENCE`, `SYMBOL_DESCRIPTION`, `SYMBOL_KEYWORDS`, `SYMBOL_LIBRARY`,
        `SYMBOL_NAME`, `UNIT`, `VALUE`.

note: [[preferences-common]] ===== Common Preferences NOTE: This section of the KiCad documentation has not yet been written.  We appreciate your patience as our small team of volunteer documentation writers work to update and expand the documentation. image::images/en/options_common.png[alt="Common setti
en: Database Libraries
zh: 数据库关联库文件

note: type: Plain text
en: A database library is a type of KiCad symbol library that holds data about parts in an external SQL database.  Database libraries do not contain any symbol or footprint definitions by themselves.  Instead, they **reference** symbols and footprints found in other KiCad libraries. Each database library entry maps a KiCad symbol (from another library) to a set of properties (fields) and usually a KiCad footprint (from a footprint library).
zh: 数据库关联库是 KiCad 符号库的一种类型，它在外部 SQL 数据库中保存有关零件的数据。 数据基础库本身不包含任何符号或封装的定义。 相反，它们 **引用** 其他 KiCad 库中的符号和封装。每个数据库关联库文件条目都将一个 KiCad 符号（来自其他库）映射到一组属性（字段），通常还有一个 KiCad 封装（来自封装库）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Using database libraries allows you to create fully-defined parts (sometimes called *atomic parts*)  out of KiCad symbols and footprints without needing to store all the part properties in a symbol library.  The external database can be linked to third-party tools for managing part data and lifecycles.  Database library workflows are generally more complex than the standard KiCad library workflows, and so this type of library is typically only used in situations where it makes managing a large library of fully-defined parts more efficient (such as in organization or team settings).
zh: 使用数据库关联库可以抛开 KiCad 符号库和封装，而创建完全自定义的元件（也可称为 *最小元件*），而无需在符号库中存储所有元件属性。 外部数据库可以链接到第三方工具，用于管理元件数据和生命周期。 数据库关联库的工作流程通常比标准 KiCad 库的工作流程更复杂，因此这种类型的库通常只用于大规模的元件库，因为完全自定义的元件库可以使得效率提高（这在组织或团队协同中很常见）。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not provide a GUI for editing a SQL database or defining a database library.  It is up to the user to find the most appropriate workflow and toolchain for creating and updating the database itself.  Some users may want to directly edit the database through a third-party database client, and some may use other third-party software such as a part lifecycle management (PLM) tool to create and edit data.
zh: KiCad 不提供编辑 SQL 数据库或定义数据库关联库的图形界面。 用户可以自行寻找最合适的工作流程和工具链来创建并更新数据库。 有些用户可能希望通过第三方数据库客户端直接编辑数据库，有些用户可能使用其他第三方软件，如元件生命周期管理（PLM）工具来创建和编辑数据。

note: type: Plain text
en: In a database library, there are one or more **tables** that generally represent a single type of part (such as Resistors or Capacitors).  Each table can have an independent schema, meaning that different types of parts can have different properties that are translated into symbol fields in KiCad.  Each table must have a unique ID column which is used as the identifier for a symbol placed from that table.  This unique ID will typically be a part number (either a manufacturer's part number, or an internal organization part number).  Each table must also have a column that contains a mapping to a KiCad symbol, in the form `LibraryNickname:SymbolName`.  The `LibraryNickname` must match a symbol library that is present in the KiCad library tables.  Tables may also contain a column containing a KiCad footprint, in the form `LibraryNickname:FootprintName`.  If this column is present, symbols placed from the table will include a footprint mapping.
zh: 在数据库关联库中，有一个或多个 **表**，每个表通常代表单一类型的元件（如电阻或电容）。 每个表可以有一个独立的结构，这意味着不同类型的元件可以有不同的属性，这些属性在 KiCad 中被转化为符号字段。 每个表必须有一个唯一的 ID 列，作为从该表放置的符号的标识符。 这个唯一的 ID 通常是一个物料号（制造商零件编号，或内部组织的零件编号）。 每张表还必须有一列包含 KiCad 符号的映射，形式为 `LibraryNickname:SymbolName`。 `LibraryNickname` 必须与 KiCad 库表中的符号库相匹配。 表也可以包含一个包含 KiCad 封装的列，形式为 `LibraryNickname:FootprintName`。 如果这一列存在，从表中放置的符号将包括一个封装映射。

note: type: Plain text
en: Tables may also contain arbitrary additional columns that may optionally be mapped to symbol fields in KiCad.  The KiCad database library configuration file controls how these fields should be named, whether or not to make the fields visible, and whether or not to include the fields in the data displayed in the Symbol Chooser.
zh: 表也可以包含任意的额外列，这些列可以选择性地映射到 KiCad 中的符号字段。 KiCad 数据库关联库的配置文件控制这些字段的命名方式，是否使字段可见，以及是否将字段包含在符号选择器中显示的数据。

note: type: Title ====
en: Database Library Configuration Files
zh: 数据库关联库配置文件

note: type: Plain text
en: To create a database library, you must create a configuration file that contains the necessary information for KiCad to connect to your database and retrieve data from tables.  Copy the template below into a new file and save it with a `kicad_dbl` extension.  You can then add this file to your global symbol library table using the Configure Symbol Libraries dialog.
zh: 要创建一个数据库关联库，你必须创建一个配置文件，其中包含 KiCad 连接到你的数据库的必要信息并从表中获取数据。 将下面的模板复制到一个新文件中，并以 `kicad_dbl` 为扩展名保存。 然后你可以使用配置符号库对话框将此文件添加到你的全局符号库表中。

note: type: Title =====
en: Configuring the source
zh: 配置数据源

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad currently only supports ODBC connections to SQL databases.  You can either connect with a DSN or a connection string.  If a DSN name is supplied, the optional `username` and `password` fields will be used to connect to the DSN.  If a connection string is supplied, the `dsn`, `username`, and `password` fields are ignored.  The connection string will be passed directly to the ODBC driver, so you can include any parameters your ODBC driver supports.
zh: KiCad 目前只支持 ODBC 连接到 SQL 数据库。 你可以用 DSN 或连接字符串进行连接。 如果提供了 DSN 名称，可选的 `username` 和 `password` 字段将被用来连接到 DSN。 如果提供了一个连接字符串，`dsn`， `username`， 和 `password` 字段将被忽略。 连接字符串将直接传递给 ODBC 驱动程序，这样就可以包含 ODBC 驱动程序支持的任何参数。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not recommend or endorse any particular ODBC driver or database server, but has been tested to work with Sqlite, MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL.
zh: KiCad 不推荐或认可任何特定的 ODBC 驱动程序或数据库服务器，但经测试可与 Sqlite、MySQL、MariaDB 和 PostgreSQL 兼容。

note: type: Plain text
en: Flatpak users: Due to Flatpak sandboxing, the only way to connect to database servers running on your local machine is via TCP/IP.  Using the default UNIX domain socket connections for i.e. MySQL, MariaDB, or PostgreSQL is not possible.  First, make sure that your database server allows TCP/IP connections, and then add the required `Port` parameter to your connection string. For example, add `Port=3306;` for the default TCP port of MySQL/MariaDB, or `Server=localhost;Port=5432;` to force PostgreSQL to use a TCP connection to the local server.
zh: Flatpak 用户：由于 Flatpak 的沙盒功能，连接到本地机器上运行的数据库服务器的唯一方法是通过 TCP/IP。 使用默认的 UNIX 域套接字连接，如 MySQL、MariaDB 或 PostgreSQL 是不可能的。 首先，确保你的数据库服务器允许 TCP/IP 连接，然后在你的连接字符串中添加所需的 `Port` 参数。例如，为 MySQL/MariaDB 的默认 TCP 端口添加 `Port=3306;`，或 `Server=localhost;Port=5432;`，强制 PostgreSQL 使用 TCP 连接到本地服务器。

note: type: Title =====
en: Configuring libraries
zh: 配置库

note: type: Plain text
en: Each database library can contain "sub-libraries" mapped to a single database table.  The `libraries` entry in the configuration file contains a list of objects that each define a single library.  The following settings must exist for each library:
zh: 每个数据库关联库可以包含映射到单个数据库表的 "子库"。 配置文件中的 `libraries` 条目包含一个对象列表，每个对象定义一个库。 每个库必须存在以下设置:

note: type: Plain text
en: `name`: The name of the table that will be shown in the KiCad UI.
zh: `name`: 将显示在 KiCad 图形界面中的表的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `table`: The name of the table in the database.
zh: `table`: 数据库中的表的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `key`: The column name containing a unique key that will be used to identify parts from the table.
zh: `key`: 包含唯一键的列名，将用于识别表中的器件。

note: type: Plain text
en: `symbols`: The column name containing KiCad symbol references.
zh: `symbols`: 包含 KiCad 符号引用的列名。

note: type: Plain text
en: `footprints`: The column name containing KiCad footprint references.
zh: `footprints`: 包含 KiCad 封装引用的列名。

note: type: Plain text
en: `fields`: A list of field definitions.  Each field defined here will be added to the symbol when it is placed on the schematic.  If a field with a matching name is already defined in the source symbol, the value from the database table will override whatever value was defined in the source symbol. Each field definition may contain:
zh: `fields`: 一个字段定义的列表。 在这里定义的每个字段都会在符号被放置在原理图上时被添加到符号中。 如果源符号中已经定义了一个名称相同的字段，那么数据库表中的值将覆盖源符号中定义的任何值。每个字段定义都可以包含：

note: type: Plain text
en: `column`: The name of the database table column that should be mapped to a field.
zh: `column`: 应该被映射到一个字段的数据库表列的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `name`: The name of the KiCad field to populate from the database.
zh: `name`: 要从数据库中填充的 KiCad 字段的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `visible_on_add`: If `true`, this field will be visible in the schematic when a symbol is added. If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `visible_on_add`: 如果是 `true`，当符号被添加时，这个字段将在原理图中可见。如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `visible_in_chooser`: If `true`, this field will be shown in the Symbol Chooser as a column. If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `visible_in_chooser`: 如果 `true`，这个字段将在符号选择器中显示为一个列。如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `show_name`: If `true`, the field's name will be shown in addition to its value in the schematic.  If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `show_name`: 如果是 `true`，除显示其值之外，该字段的名称将在原理图中显示。 如果没有指定这个设置，将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `inherit_properties`: If `true`, and a field with the given `name` already exists on the source symbol, only the field contents will be updated from the database, and the other properties (`visible_on_add`, `show_name`, etc) will be kept as they were set in the source symbol.  If the given field name does not exist in the source symbol, this setting is ignored.  If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `inherit_properties`: 如果是 `true`，并且源符号中已经存在一个给定的 `name` 字段，那么只有字段内容将从数据库中更新，其他属性（`visible_on_add`，`show_name` 等）将保持源符号中的设置。 如果给定的字段名在源符号中不存在，这个设置将被忽略。 如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `properties`: A map of symbol properties to database columns.  All properties are optional; any that are not specified in the database library configuration will be inherited from the values set for the source symbol.  The following properties are supported:
zh: `properties`: 符号属性与数据库列的映射。 所有的属性都是可选的；任何没有在数据库库配置中指定的属性都将从为源符号设置的值中继承下来。 支持以下属性：

note: type: Plain text
en: `description`: The symbol's Description property.
zh: `description`: 符号的描述属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: `footprint_filters`: Reserved for future expansion.
zh: `footprint_filters`: 预留给未来的扩展。

note: type: Plain text
en: `keywords`: The symbol's Keywords property.
zh: `keywords`: 符号的关键词属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: `exclude_from_bom`: The symbol's "Exclude from Bill of Materials" setting.  The column named here must be a numeric type, and will be taken as a boolean (0 for false, 1 for true).
zh: `exclude_from_bom`: 符号的 "不包括在 BOM 中" 设置。 该列必须是数字类型，并将被视为布尔值（`0` 代表假，`1` 代表真）。

note: type: Plain text
en: `exclude_from_board`: The symbol's "Exclude from PCB" setting. The column named here must be a numeric type, and will be taken as a boolean (0 for false, 1 for true).
zh: `exclude_from_board`: 符号的 "排除在 PCB 之外" 设置。该列必须是数字类型，并将被当作布尔值（`0` 代表假，`1` 代表真）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Database columns may be mapped to custom (user-defined) fields, or to certain built-in KiCad fields, including `Value` and `Datasheet`.
zh: 数据库列可以被映射到自定义（用户定义的）字段，或某些内置的 KiCad 字段，包括 `Value` 和 `Datasheet`。

note: type: Title ====
en: Using database libraries
zh: 使用数据库关联库

note: type: Plain text
en: After creating your configuration file and adding it to your symbol library table, you can place parts from the database tables using the Symbol Chooser.  Parts placed from a database library can be updated using the Update Symbols from Library function, which will update any fields that were changed in the database as well as updating the underlying symbol if it was changed in the source library.
zh: 创建配置文件并将其添加到符号库表中后，您可以使用符号选择器从数据库表中放置元件。 从数据库关联库中放置的元件可以使用 "从库中更新符号" 功能进行更新，该功能将更新数据库中被改变的任何字段，以及更新源库中被改变的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Note that any source library referenced by a database table must also be present in the symbol library table for the database library to function.  If you want to use a library only as a source of symbols for a database library, you can hide it from the Symbol Chooser by clearing the "Visible" checkbox in the Manage Symbol Libraries dialog.
zh: 请注意，数据库表所引用的任何源库也必须存在于符号库表中，这样数据库关联库库才能正常工作。 如果你想把一个库只作为数据库关联库的符号源，你可以通过清除 "管理符号库" 对话框中的 "可见" 复选框将其从符号选择器中隐藏起来。

note: type: Title ===
en: Custom Netlist and BOM Formats
zh: 自定义网表和 BOM 格式

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can output netlists and BOMs in various formats, and users can define new formats if desired.
zh: KiCad 可以导出各种格式的网表和 BOM，如果需要，用户可以定义新的格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The process of exporting a netlist is described in the <<netlist-export,netlist export section>>. BOM output is described in the <<bom-export,BOM export section>>.
zh: 导出网表的过程在 <<netlist-export,netlist export section>>中描述。BOM 导出在<<bom-export,BOM导出章节>>中描述。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following section describes how to create an exporter for a new output format.
zh: 下文描述了如何为一个新的导出格式创建一个导出器。

note: type: Title ====
en: Adding new netlist generators
zh: 添加新的网表生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: New netlist generators are added to the **Export Netlist** dialog by clicking the **Add Generator...** button.
zh: 新的网表生成器可以通过点击 **添加生成器...** 按钮添加到 **导出网表** 对话框中。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Custom Netlist Generator
zh: 自定义网表生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: New generators require a name and a command. The name is shown in the tab label, and the command is run whenever the **Export Netlist** button is clicked.
zh: 新的生成器需要一个名称和一个命令。名称显示在标签中，只要点击 **导出网表** 按钮，就会运行该命令。

note: type: Plain text
en: When the netlist is generated, KiCad creates an intermediate XML file which contains all of the netlist information from the schematic. The generator command is then run in order to transform the intermediate netlist into the desired netlist format.
zh: 当网表生成时，KiCad 会创建一个中间的 XML 文件，其中包含原理图中所有的网表信息。然后运行生成器命令，以将中间网表转换为所需的网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The netlist command must be set up properly so that the netlist generator script takes the intermediate netlist file as input and outputs the desired netlist file. The exact netlist command will depend on the generator script used. The <<generator-command-line-format,command format>> is described below.
zh: 网表命令必须正确设置，以便网表生成器脚本将中间网表文件作为输入并输出所需的网表文件。确切的网表命令将取决于所使用的生成器脚本。下面描述了<<generator-command-line-format,命令格式>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: Python and XSLT are commonly used tools to create custom netlist generators.
zh: Python 和 XSLT 是创建自定义网表生成器的常用工具。

note: type: Title ====
en: Adding a new BOM generator
zh: 添加新的 BOM 生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad also uses the intermediate netlist file to generate BOMs with the <<bom-export,Generate BOM tool>>.
zh: KiCad 还使用中间网表文件，通过 <<bom-export,BOM生成工具>>生成 BOM。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: BOM dialog
zh: BOM 对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: Additional scripts can be added to the list of BOM generator scripts by clicking the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] button. Scripts can be removed by clicking the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Delete icon] button. The image:images/icons/small_edit_16.png[Edit icon] button opens the selected script in a text editor.
zh: 通过点击 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 按钮，可以在 BOM 生成器脚本列表中添加其他脚本。点击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除图标] 按钮，可以删除脚本。image:images/icons/small_edit_16.png[编辑图标] 按钮在文本编辑器中打开所选的脚本。

note: type: Plain text
en: Generator scripts written in Python and XSLT can contain a header comment that describes the generator's functionality and usage. This header comment is displayed in the BOM dialog as the description for each generator. The header comment must contain the string `@package`. Everything following that string until the end of the comment is used as the description for the generator.
zh: 用 Python 和 XSLT 编写的生成器脚本可以包含一个标题注释，描述生成器的功能和用法。这个标题注释会作为每个生成器的描述显示在 BOM 对话框中。标题注释必须包含字符串 `@package`。该字符串之后直到注释结束的所有内容都被用作生成器的描述。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad automatically fills the command line field when a new generator script is added, but the command line might need to be adjusted by hand depending on the generator script. KiCad attempts to automatically determine the output file extension from the example command line in the generator script's header.
zh: 当添加新的生成器脚本时，KiCad 会自动填充命令行字段，但根据生成器脚本的情况，可能需要手工调整命令行。KiCad 试图从生成器脚本标题中的示例命令行自动确定输出文件扩展名。

note: type: Title ====
en: Generator command line format
zh: 生成器命令行格式

note: type: Plain text
en: The command line for a netlist or BOM exporter defines the command that KiCad will run to generate the selected output file.
zh: 网表或 BOM 导出器的命令行定义了 KiCad 将运行的命令，用以生成所选输出文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: For a netlist exporter using `xsltproc`, an example is:
zh: 对于使用 `xsltproc` 的网表导出器，以下为一个示例：

note: type: Plain text
en: For a BOM exporter using Python, an example is:
zh: 对于使用 Python 的 BOM 导出器，以下为一个示例：

note: type: Plain text
en: It is recommended to surround arguments in the command line with quotes (`"`) in case they contain spaces or other special characters.
zh: 建议在命令行中用引号 （`"`） 将参数括起来，以防它们包含空格或其他特殊字符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some character sequences like `%I` and `%O` have a special meaning in the command line, because KiCad replaces them with a filename or path before executing the command.
zh: 某些字符序列（如 `%I` 和 `%O`）在命令行中具有特殊含义，因为 KiCad 在执行命令之前将它们替换为文件名或路径。

note: type: Table
en: |Parameter |Replaced with... |Description
    |`%I` 
        |`<project path>/<project name>.xml`
        |Absolute path and filename of the intermediate netlist file, which is the input
        to the BOM or netlist generator plugin
    |`%O`
        |`<project path>/<project name>`
        |Absolute path and filename of the output BOM or netlist file (without file
        extension). An appropriate file extension may need to be specified after the
        `%O` sequence.
    |`%B`
        |`<project name>`
        |Base filename of the output BOM or netlist file (without path or file
        extension). An appropriate file extension may need to be specified after the
        `%B` sequence.
    |`%P`
        |`<project path>`
        |Absolute path of the project directory, without trailing slash.
zh: |参数 |替换为... |描述
    |`%I` 
        |`<工程路径>/<工程名称>.xml`
        |中间网表文件的绝对路径和文件名，它是 BOM 或网表生成器插件的输入。
        
    |`%O`
        |`<工程路径>/<工程名称>`
        |输出 BOM 或网表文件的绝对路径和文件名（没有文件扩展名）。
        适当的文件扩展名可能需要在 `%O` 序列后指定。
    |`%B`
        |`<工程名称>`
        |输出 BOM 或网表文件的基本文件名（没有路径或文件扩展名）。
        适当的文件扩展名可能需要在 `%B` 序列后指定。
    |`%P`
        |`<工程路径>`
        |工程目录的绝对路径，没有尾部斜线

note: type: Title ====
en: Intermediate Netlist File
zh: 中间网表文件格式

note: type: Plain text
en: When exporting BOM files and netlists, KiCad creates an intermediate netlist file and then runs a separate tool which post-processes the intermediate netlist into the desired netlist or BOM format.
zh: 当输出 BOM 文件和网表时，KiCad 会创建一个中间网表文件，然后运行一个单独的工具，将中间网表后期处理成所需的网表或 BOM 格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The intermediate netlist uses XML syntax. It contains a large amount of data about the design. Depending on the output (BOM or netlist), different subsets of the complete intermediate netlist file will be included in the final output file.
zh: 中间网表使用 XML 语法。它包含有关设计的大量数据。根据输出（BOM 或网表），完整中间网表文件的不同子集将包含在最终输出文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The structure of the intermediate netlist file is described in detail <<intermediate-netlist-structure,below>>.
zh: 中间网表文件的结构详述 <<intermediate-netlist-structure,如下>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: Because the conversion from intermediate netlist file to output netlist or BOM is a text-to-text transformation, the post-processing filter can be written using Python, XSLT, or any other tool capable of taking XML as input.
zh: 由于从中间网表文件到输出网表或 BOM 的转换是文本到文本的转换，因此可以使用 Python、XSLT 或任何其他能够将 XML 作为输入的工具编写后处理过滤器。

note: type: Plain text
en: XSLT is not recommended for new netlist or BOM exporters; Python or another tool should be used instead. Beginning with KiCad 7, `xsltproc` is no longer installed with KiCad, although it can be installed separately.  Nevertheless, several examples of netlist exporters using XSLT are included below.
zh: 不建议新的网表或 BOM 导出器使用 XSLT；应该改用 Python 或其他工具。从 KiCad 7 开始，`xsltproc` 不再随 KiCad 一起安装，尽管它可以单独安装。 不过，下面列出了使用 XSLT 的网表导出器的几个示例。

note: type: Title ====
en: Intermediate Netlist structure
zh: 中间网表结构

note: type: Plain text
en: This sample gives an idea of the netlist file format.
zh: 此示例提供了网表文件格式的概览。

note: type: Title =====
en: General netlist file structure
zh: 通用网表文件结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The intermediate Netlist accounts for five sections.
zh: 中间网表由五个部分组成。

note: type: Plain text
en: The header section.
zh: “标题” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The components section.
zh: “元件” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The lib parts section.
zh: “库元件” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The libraries section.
zh: “库” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The nets section.
zh: “网络” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The file content has the delimiter `<export>`
zh: 文件内容带有分隔符 `<export>`

note: type: Title =====
en: The header section
zh: “标题”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The header has the delimiter `<design>`
zh: 标题带有分隔符 `<design>`

note: type: Plain text
en: This section can be considered a comment section.
zh: 此部分可视为评论。

note: type: Title =====
en: The components section
zh: “元件”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The component section has the delimiter `<components>`
zh: 元件部分带有分隔符 `<components>`

note: type: Plain text
en: This section contains the list of components in your schematic. Each component is described like this:
zh: 本部分包含原理图中的元件列表。 每个元件都是这样描述的：

note: type: Table
en: |Element name |Element description
    
    |`libsource` |name of the lib where this component was found.
    |`part` |component name inside this library.
    |`sheetpath` |path of the sheet inside the hierarchy: identify the sheet
    within the full schematic hierarchy.
    |`tstamps` |timestamp of the component.
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`libsource` |找到该元件的库的名称。
    |`part` |该库中的元件名称。
    |`sheetpath` |层次结构中的图纸路径：用于识别图纸。
    |`tstamps` |元件的时间戳。

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Note about time stamps for components
zh: ====== 关于元件时间戳的注意事项

note: type: Plain text
en: To identify a component in a netlist and therefore on a board, the timestamp reference is used as unique for each component. However KiCad provides an auxiliary way to identify a component which is the corresponding footprint on the board. This allows the re-annotation of components in a schematic project and does not lose the link between the component and its footprint.
zh: 为了识别网表中的元件以及电路板上的元件，时间戳引用作为每个元件的唯一标识。然而，KiCad 提供了一种辅助的方式来识别一个元件，即电路板上的对应封装。在原理图工程中重新标注元件，不会失去元件和其封装之间的联系。

note: type: Plain text
en: A time stamp is an unique identifier for each component or sheet in a schematic project. However, in complex hierarchies, the same sheet is used more than once, so this sheet contains components having the same time stamp.
zh: 时间戳是原理图工程中每个元件或图纸的唯一标识符。但是， 在复杂的层次结构中， 同一个图纸会被多次使用， 因此该图纸包含具有相同时间戳的元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: A given sheet inside a complex hierarchy has an unique identifier: its sheetpath. A given component (inside a complex hierarchy) has a unique identifier: the sheetpath and its timestamp.
zh: 在一个复杂的层次结构中，一个给定的图纸有一个唯一的标识符：它的图纸路径。一个给定的元件（在一个复杂的层次结构内）有一个唯一的标识符：图纸路径和它的时间戳。

note: type: Title =====
en: The libparts section
zh: “库文件”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The libparts section has the delimiter `<libparts>`, and the content of this section is defined in the schematic libraries.
zh: 库文件部分带有分隔符 `<libparts>` 该部分的内容在原理图库中定义。

note: type: Table
en: |Element name |Element description
    
    |`<footprints>` | The symbol's footprint filters. Each footprint filter is in a separate `<fp>` tag.
    |`<fields>` |The symbol's fields. Each field's name and value is given in a separate `<field name="fieldname">...</field> tag.
    |`<pins>` |The symbol's pins. Each pin is given in a separate `<pin num="pinnum" type="pintype"/>` tag. Possible pintypes are described below.
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`<footprints>` | 符号的封装。每个封装都在一个单独的 `<fp>` 标签中。
    |`<fields>` |符号的字段。每个字段的名称和值都在一个单独的 `<field name="字段名称">...<field>` 标签中给出
    |`<pins>` |符号的引脚。每个引脚都在一个单独的 `<pin num="引脚编号" type="pintype"/>` 标签中给出。可能的引脚类型描述如下。

note: type: Plain text
en: Possible electrical pin types are:
zh: 可能的电气引脚类型有：

note: type: Table
en: |Pintype |Description
    
    |Input |Usual input pin
    |Output |Usual output
    |Bidirectional |Input or Output
    |Tri-state |Bus input/output
    |Passive |Usual ends of passive components
    |Unspecified |Unknown electrical type
    |Power input |Power input of a component
    |Power output |Power output like a regulator output
    |Open collector |Open collector often found in analog comparators
    |Open emitter |Open emitter sometimes found in logic
    |Not connected |Must be left open in schematic
zh: |引脚类型 |描述
    
    |Input |通用输入引脚
    |Output |通用输出引脚
    |Bidirectional |输入或输出（双向）
    |Tri-state |总线输入/输出（三态）
    |Passive |无源元件的通用端头
    |Unspecified |未知的电气类型
    |Power input |元件电源输入引脚
    |Power output |电源输出，如稳压器输出
    |Open collector |模拟比较器中常见的集电极开路
    |Open emitter |有时出现在逻辑器件中的发射极开路
    |Not connected |必须在原理图中保持未连接状态

note: type: Title =====
en: The libraries section
zh: 库部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The libraries section has the delimiter `<libraries>`. This section contains the list of schematic libraries used in the project.
zh: 库部分带有分隔符 `<libraries>`。该部分包含工程中使用的原理图库的列表。

note: type: Title =====
en: The nets section
zh: “网络” 部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The nets section has the delimiter `<nets>`. This section describes the connectivity of the schematic by listing all nets and the pins connected to each net.
zh: 网络部分的分隔符为 `<nets>`。这一部分通过列出所有的网络和连接到每个网络的引脚来描述原理图的连接性。

note: type: Plain text
en: A possible net contains the following.
zh: 一个网络可能包含以下内容。

note: type: Table
en: |Element name | Element Description
    
    |`net code` | an internal identifier for this net
    |`name` | the net name
    |`node` | the pin (identified by `pin`) of a symbol (identified by `ref`) which is connected to the net
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`net code` | 该网络的内部标识符
    |`name` | 网络的名称
    |`node` | 符号（由 `ref` 标识）的引脚（由 `pin` 标识），该引脚与网络连接。

note: type: Title ====
en: Example netlist exporters
zh: 网表导出器实例

note: type: Plain text
en: Some example netlist exporters using XSLT are included below.
zh: 下面包括一些使用 XSLT 的网表导出器的例子。

note: type: Plain text
en: XSLT itself is an XML language very suitable for XML transformations.  http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/xsltproc.html[The `xsltproc` program] can be used to read the Intermediate XML netlist input file, apply a style-sheet to transform the input, and save the results in an output file. Use of `xsltproc` requires a style-sheet file using XSLT conventions. The full conversion process is handled by KiCad, after it is configured once to run `xsltproc` in a specific way.
zh: XSLT 本身是一种 XML 语言，非常适用于 XML 转换。 http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/xsltproc.html[`xsltproc` 程序] 可以用来读取中间的 XML 网表输入文件，应用样式表来转换输入，并将结果保存在输出文件中。使用 `xsltproc` 需要一个使用 XSLT 惯例的样式表文件。整个转换过程由 KiCad 处理，在它被配置为以特定方式运行 `xsltproc` 之后。

note: type: Plain text
en: The document that describes XSL Transformations (XSLT) is available here: http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt
zh: 描述 XSL 变换（XSLT）的文件可在此获得: http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt

note: type: Plain text
en: When writing a new netlist exporter, consider using Python or another tool rather than XSLT.
zh: 当编写一个新的网表导出器时，考虑使用 Python 或其他工具而不是 XSLT。

note: type: Title =====
en: PADS netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 PADS 网表实例

note: type: Plain text
en: The following example shows how to create an exporter for the PADS netlist format using `xlstproc`.
zh: 下面的例子显示了如何使用 `xlstproc` 为 PADS 网表格式创建一个输出器。

note: type: Plain text
en: The PADS netlist format is comprised of two sections:
zh: PADS 网表格式由两部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of footprints
zh: 封装列表

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of nets, together with the pads connected to each net.
zh: 一个网络的列表，以及与每个网络相连的焊盘。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the PADS netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 PADS 网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: And here is the PADS netlist output file after running `xsltproc`:
zh: 这是运行 `xsltproc` 后的 PADS 网表输出文件：

note: type: Plain text
en: The command line to make this conversion is:
zh: 进行这种转换的命令行是：

note: type: Title =====
en: Cadstar netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 Cadstar 网表例子

note: type: Plain text
en: The following example shows how to create an exporter for the Cadstar netlist format using `xlstproc`.
zh: 下面的例子显示了如何使用 `xlstproc` 为 Cadstar 网表格式创建一个输出器。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Cadstar format is comprised of two sections:
zh: Cadstar 的格式由两部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: The footprint list
zh: 封装列表

note: type: Plain text
en: The Nets list: grouping pads references by nets
zh: 网络列表：按网络对焊盘进行分组

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the Cadstar netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 Cadstar 网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is the Cadstar output file.
zh: 这是 Cadstar 输出文件。

note: type: Title =====
en: OrcadPCB2 netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 OrcadPCB2 网表示例

note: type: Plain text
en: This format has only one section which is the footprint list. Each footprint includes a list of its pads with reference to a net.
zh: 这种格式只有一个部分，就是封装列表。每个封装都包括其焊盘的列表，并引用一个网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the Orcad netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 Orcad 网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is the OrcadPCB2 output file.
zh: 这是 OrcadPCB2 输出文件。

note: type: Title ==
en: Assigning Footprints
zh: 分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Before routing a PCB, footprints need to be selected for every component that will be assembled on the board. Footprints define the copper connections between physical components and the routed traces on a circuit board.
zh: 在对 PCB 进行布线之前，需要为每一个将要装配在电路板上的元件选择封装。封装定义了物理元件和电路板上的布线之间的铜连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbols come with footprints pre-assigned, but for many symbols there are multiple possible footprints, so the user needs to select the appropriate one.
zh: 有些符号预分配了封装，但对许多符号来说，有多种可能的封装，所以用户需要选择合适的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad offers several ways to assign footprints:
zh: KiCad 提供了几种分配封装的方法：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Properties
zh: 符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol Properties Dialog
zh: 符号属性对话框

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Fields Table
zh: 符号字段表

note: type: Plain text
en: While placing symbols
zh: 在放置符号的同时

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 封装分配工具

note: type: Plain text
en: Each method will be explained below. Which to use is a matter of preference; one method may be more convenient depending on the situation. All of these methods are equivalent in that they store the name of the selected footprint in the symbol's `Footprint` field.
zh: 下面将对每种方法进行解释。使用哪种方法是一个偏好的问题；根据情况，某种方法可能更方便。所有这些方法都是等效的，它们在符号的 `封装` 字段中存储所选封装的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Library Table needs to be configured before footprints can be assigned. For information on configuring the Footprint Library Table, please see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[PCB Editor manual].
zh: 封装库表需要在分配封装之前进行配置。关于配置封装库表的信息, 请参见 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew_footprints_and_libraries.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[PCB Editor manual]。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints in Symbol Properties
zh: 在符号属性中分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol's `Footprint` field can be edited directly in the symbol's Properties window.
zh: 符号的 `封装` 字段可以直接在符号的属性窗口中编辑。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Assigning footprint in Symbol Properties
zh: 在符号属性中分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking the image:images/icons/small_library_16.png[library icon] button in the `Footprint` field opens the Footprint Library Browser, which shows the available footprints and footprint libraries. Single clicking a footprint name selects the footprint and displays it in the preview pane on the right, while double clicking on a footprint closes the browser and sets the symbol's `Footprint` field to the selected footprint.
zh: 点击 image:images/icons/small_library_16.png[库图标] 按钮在 `封装` 字段打开封装库浏览器，显示可用的封装和封装库。单击一个封装名称可以选择该封装，并在右边的预览窗格中显示，而双击一个封装则可以关闭浏览器，并将符号的 `封装` 字段设置为所选的封装。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Selecting a footprint in Footprint Library Browser
zh: 在封装库浏览器中选择一个封装

note: type: Title ====
en: Assigning Footprints with the Symbol Fields Table
zh: 用符号字段表分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Rather than editing the properties of each symbol individually, the Symbol Fields Table can be used to view and edit the properties of all symbols in the design in one place. This includes assigning footprints by editing the `Footprint` field of each symbol.
zh: 和单独编辑每个符号的属性相比，符号字段表可以用来在一个地方查看和编辑设计中所有符号的属性。这包括通过编辑每个符号的 `封装` 字段来分配封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Fields Table is accessed with **Tools** -> **Edit Symbol Fields...**, or with the image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[Symbol Fields Table Icon] button on the top toolbar.
zh: 符号字段表可以通过 **工具** -> **编辑符号字段...**，或者通过顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[符号字段表图标] 按钮进入。

note: type: Plain text
en: The `Footprint` field behaves the same here as in the Symbol Properties window: it can be edited directly, or footprints can be selected visually with the Footprint Library Browser.
zh: `封装`字段在这里的作用与符号属性窗口的作用相同：可以直接编辑，也可以用封装库浏览器直观地选择封装。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bulk editing footprint assignments with the Symbol Fields Table
zh: 用符号字段表批量编辑封装

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on the Symbol Fields Table, see the <<symbol-fields-table,section on editing symbol properties>>.
zh: 关于符号字段表的更多信息，请参见<<symbol-fields-table,关于编辑符号属性章节>>。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints While Placing Symbols
zh: 放置符号时分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprints can be assigned to symbols when the symbol is first added to the schematic.
zh: 当符号第一次被添加到原理图中时，可以为符号分配封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbols are defined with a default footprint. These symbols will have this footprint preassigned when they are added to the schematic. The default footprint is shown in the Add Symbol dialog. For symbols without a default symbol defined, the footprint dropdown will say "No default footprint", and the footprint preview canvas will say "No footprint specified".
zh: 有些符号被定义为关联一个默认的封装。当这些符号被添加到原理图中时，它们将预先被分配这个封装。默认的封装会显示在添加符号对话框中。对于没有定义默认封装的符号，封装下拉菜单会显示 "没有默认封装"，而封装预览画布会显示 "没有指定封装"。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Default footprint in Add Symbol dialog
zh: 添加符号对话框中的默认封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can have footprint filters that specify which footprints are appropriate to use with that symbol. If footprint filters are defined for the selected symbol, all footprints that match the footprint filters will appear as options in the footprint dropdown. The selected footprint will be displayed in the preview canvas and will be assigned to the symbol when the symbol is added to the schematic.
zh: 符号可以有封装过滤器，指定哪些封装适合与该符号一起使用。如果为选定的符号定义了封装过滤器，那么所有符合封装过滤器的封装都会作为选项出现在封装下拉菜单中。选定的封装将显示在预览画布中，当符号被添加到原理图中时，将被分配给该符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint options will not appear in the footprint dropdown unless the footprint libraries are loaded. Footprint libraries are loaded the first time the Footprint Editor or Footprint Library Browser are opened in a session.
zh: 除非加载封装库，否则封装选项不会出现在封装下拉菜单中。在一个会话中第一次打开 "封装编辑器" 或 "封装库浏览器" 时，将加载封装库。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on footprint filters, see the <<footprint-filters,Symbol Editor Documentation>>.
zh: 关于封装过滤器的更多信息，请参阅<<footprint-filters,符号编辑器文档>>。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 用封装分配工具分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool allows you to associate symbols in your schematic to footprints used when laying out the printed circuit board. It provides footprint list filtering, footprint viewing, and 3D component model viewing to help ensure the correct footprint is associated with each component.
zh: 封装分配工具允许你将原理图中的符号与印制电路板布线时用到的封装关联起来。它提供了封装列表过滤、封装查看和3D元件模型查看，以确保将正确的封装与每个元件联系起来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Components can be assigned to their corresponding footprints manually or automatically by creating equivalence files (.equ files). Equivalence files are lookup tables associating each component with its footprint.
zh: 元件可以手动或通过创建等效文件（.equ 文件）自动分配到其相应的封装。等效文件是将每个元件与它的封装联系起来的查找表。

note: type: Plain text
en: Run the tool with **Tools** -> **Assign Footprints...**, or by clicking the image:images/icons/icon_cvpcb_24_24.png[Footprint Assignment Tool icon] icon in the top toolbar.
zh: 点击 **工具** -> **分配封装...** 来运行该工具，或者点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/icon_cvpcb_24_24.png[封装分配工具的图标] 图标。

note: type: Title ====
en: Footprint Assignment Tool Overview
zh: 封装分配工具概述

note: type: Plain text
en: The image below shows the main window of the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 下面的图片显示了封装分配工具的主窗口。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: The main window of the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 封装分配工具的主窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: The left pane contains the list of available footprint libraries associated with the project.
zh: 左边的窗格包含了与该工程相关的可用封装库的列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The center pane contains the list of symbols in the schematic.
zh: 中间窗格包含原理图中的符号列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The right pane contains the list of available footprints loaded from the project footprint libraries.
zh: 右边的窗格包含了从工程封装库加载的可用封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The bottom pane describes the filters that have been applied to the footprint list and prints information about the footprint selected in the rightmost pane.
zh: 底部的窗格描述了应用于封装列表的过滤器，并打印了在最右边窗格中选择的封装的信息。

note: type: Plain text
en: The top toolbar contains the following commands:
zh: 顶部的工具条包含以下命令：

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/save_24.png[]
    |Transfer the current footprint associations to the schematic.
    
    |image:images/icons/library_table_24.png[]
    |Edit the global and project footprint library tables.
    
    |image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[]
    |View the selected footprint in the footprint viewer.
    
    |image:images/icons/left_24.png[]
    |Select the previous symbol without a footprint association.
    
    |image:images/icons/right_24.png[]
    |Select the next symbol without a footprint association.
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[]
    | Undo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[]
    | Redo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[]
    |Perform automatic footprint association using an equivalence file.
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_association_24.png[]
    |Delete all footprint assignments.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by footprint filters defined in the selected symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by pin count of the selected symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by selected library.
zh: |image:images/icons/save_24.png[]
    |将当前的封装关联到原理图中。
    
    |image:images/icons/library_table_24.png[]
    |编辑全局和工程封装库表。
    
    |image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[]
    |在封装查看器中查看选定的封装。
    
    |image:images/icons/left_24.png[]
    |选择没有封装关联的前一个符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/right_24.png[]
    |选择下一个没有封装关联的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[]
    | 撤消上次的编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[]
    | 重做最后一次编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[]
    |使用等效文件执行自动封装关联
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_association_24.png[]
    |删除所有的封装分配。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |通过所选符号中定义的封装过滤器来过滤封装列表。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |按所选符号的引脚数过滤封装列表。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]
    |按选定的库过滤封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following table lists the keyboard commands for the Footprint Assignment Tool:
zh: 下表列出了封装分配工具的键盘命令：

note: type: Table
en: |Right Arrow / Tab|Activate the pane to the right of the currently activated pane.
    Wrap around to the first pane if the last pane is currently activated.
    
    |Left Arrow |Activate the pane to the left of the currently activated
    pane. Wrap around to the last pane if the first pane is currently activated.
    
    |Up Arrow |Select the previous item of the currently selected list.
    
    |Down Arrow |Select the next item of the currently selected list.
    
    |Page Up |Select the item one full page upwards of the currently selected
    item.
    
    |Page Down |Select the item one full page downwards of the currently selected
    item.
    
    |Home |Select the first item of the currently selected list.
    
    |End |Select the last item of the currently selected list.
zh: |向右箭头/Tab|激活当前窗格右侧的窗格。
    如果当前激活的是最后一个窗格，则绕到第一个窗格。
    
    |向左箭头|激活当前窗格左侧的窗格。
    如果当前激活的是第一个窗格，则绕到最后一个窗格。
    
    |向上箭头 |选择当前所选列表中的前一个项目。
    
    |向下箭头 |选择当前选择的列表中的下一个项目。
    
    |Page Up |选择当前所选项目向上翻一整页的项目。
    
    |Page Down |选择当前所选项目向下一整页的项目。
    
    |Home |选择当前选择的列表中的第一个项目。
    
    |End |选择当前所选列表的最后一个项目。

note: type: Title ====
en: Manually Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 使用 "封装分配工具" 手动分配 "封装"

note: type: Plain text
en: To manually associate a footprint with a component, first select a component in the component (middle) pane. Then select a footprint in the footprint (right)  pane by double-clicking on the name of the desired footprint. The footprint will be assigned to the selected component, and the next component without an assigned footprint is automatically selected.
zh: 要手动将一个封装与一个元件关联起来，首先在元件（中间）窗格中选择一个元件。然后在封装（右）窗格中选择一个封装，双击所需封装的名称。封装将被分配给选定的元件，而下一个没有分配封装的元件将被自动选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: If no footprints appear in the footprint pane, check that the <<filtering-the-footprint-list,footprint filter options>> are correctly applied.
zh: 如果没有封装出现在封装窗格中，检查<<filtering-the-footprint-list,封装过滤选项>>是否正确应用。

note: type: Plain text
en: When all components have footprints assigned to them, click the **OK** button to save the assignments and exit the tool. Alternatively, click **Cancel** to discard the updated assignments, or **Apply, Save Schematic & Continue** to save the new assignments without exiting the tool.
zh: 当所有的元件都有封装时，点击 **OK** 按钮来保存分配并退出工具。或者，点击 **取消**，放弃更新的赋值，或者点击 **应用，保存原理图并继续**，保存新的赋值，而不退出工具。

note: type: Title =====
en: Filtering the Footprint List
zh: 筛选 "封装" 列表

note: type: Plain text
en: There are four filtering options which restrict which footprints are displayed in the footprint pane. The filtering options are enabled and disabled with three buttons and a textbox in the top toolbar.
zh: 有四个过滤选项可以限制哪些封装显示在封装窗格中。过滤选项是通过顶部工具栏的三个按钮和一个文本框来启用和禁用的。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]: Activate <<footprint-filters,filters that can be defined in each symbol>>.  For example, an opamp symbol might define filters that show only SOIC and DIP footprints.
zh: image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]：激活 <<footprint-filters,过滤器可以在每个符号中定义>>。 例如，一个运算放大器符号可以定义过滤器，只显示 SOIC 和 DIP 封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]: Only show footprints that match the selected symbol's pin count.
zh: image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]：只显示符合所选符号引脚数的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]: Only show footprints from the library selected in the left pane.
zh: image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]：只显示左侧窗格中选择的库的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Entering text in the textbox hides footprints that do not match the text. This filter is disabled when the box is empty.
zh: 在文本框中输入文本，会隐藏与文本不匹配的封装。当文本框为空时，该过滤器被禁用。

note: type: Plain text
en: When all filters are disabled, the full footprint list is shown.
zh: 当所有的过滤器被禁用时，会显示完整的封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The applied filters are described in the bottom pane of the window, along with the number of footprints that meet the selected filters. For example, when the symbol's footprint filters and pin count filters are enabled, the bottom pane prints the footprint filters and pin count:
zh: 窗口的底部窗格中描述了应用的过滤器，以及符合所选过滤器的封装数量。例如，当符号的封装过滤器和引脚数过滤器被启用时，底部窗格会打印封装过滤器和引脚数：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Filter details when symbol footprint filters and pin count filter are enabled
zh: 启用符号封装过滤器和引脚数过滤器时的过滤器细节

note: type: Plain text
en: Multiple filters can be used at once to help narrow down the list of possibly appropriate footprints in the footprint pane. The symbols in KiCad's standard library define footprint filters that are designed to be used in combination with the pin count filter.
zh: 可以同时使用多个过滤器来帮助缩小封装窗格中可能合适的封装列表。KiCad 标准库中的符号定义了封装过滤器，旨在与引脚数过滤器结合使用。

note: type: Title ====
en: Automatically Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 使用封装分配工具自动分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool allows you to store footprint assignments in an external file and load the assignments later, even in a different project. This allows you to automatically associate symbols with the appropriate footprints.
zh: 封装分配工具允许你在一个外部文件中存储封装分配，并在以后加载这些分配，甚至在不同的工程中。这使你能够自动将符号与适当的封装联系起来。

note: type: Plain text
en: The external file is referred to as an equivalence file, and it stores a mapping of a symbol value to a corresponding footprint. Equivalence files typically use the `.equ` file extension. Equivalence files are plain text files with a simple syntax, and must be created by the user using a text editor. The syntax is described below.
zh: 外部文件被称为等效文件，它存储了一个符号到相应的封装的映射。等效文件通常使用 `.equ` 文件扩展名。等效文件是具有简单语法的纯文本文件，必须由用户用文本编辑器来创建。语法描述如下。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can select which equivalence files to use by clicking **Preferences** -> **Manage Footprint Association Files** in the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 你可以在 "封装分配工具" 中点击 **偏好设置** -> **管理 "封装关联文件" ** 来选择使用哪些等效文件。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Managing equivalence files
zh: 管理等效文件

note: type: Plain text
en: Add new equivalence files by clicking the *Add* button.
zh: 通过点击 *添加* 按钮添加新的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Remove the selected equivalence file by clicking the *Remove* button.
zh: 点击 *删除* 按钮，删除所选的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Change the priority of equivalence files by clicking the *Move Up* and *Move Down* buttons. If a symbol's value is found in multiple equivalence files, the footprint from the last matching equivalence file will override earlier equivalence files.
zh: 通过点击 *上移* 和 *下移* 按钮改变等效文件的优先级。如果一个符号的值在多个等效文件中被发现，最后一个匹配的等效文件的封装将覆盖早期的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Open the selected equivalence file by clicking the *Edit File* button.
zh: 点击 *编辑文件* 按钮，打开所选的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Relevant environment variables are shown at the bottom of the window. When the *Relative* path option is checked, these environment variables will automatically be used to make paths to selected equivalence files relative to the project or footprint libraries.
zh: 相关的环境变量显示在窗口的底部。当 *相对* 路径选项被选中时，这些环境变量将被自动用于使所选等效文件的路径与项目或封装库相对。

note: type: Plain text
en: Once the desired equivalence files have been loaded in the correct order, automatic footprint association can be performed by clicking the image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[Perform automatic footprint assignment icon] button in the top toolbar of the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 一旦所需的等效文件以正确的顺序载入，就可以通过点击封装分配工具顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[执行自动封装分配图标] 按钮来进行自动封装分配。

note: type: Plain text
en: All symbols with a value found in a loaded equivalence file will have their footprints automatically assigned. However, symbols that already have footprints assigned will not be updated.
zh: 所有在加载的等效文件中找到的符号都将自动分配其封装。然而，已经分配了封装的符号将不会被更新。

note: type: Title =====
en: Equivalence File Format
zh: 等效文件格式

note: type: Plain text
en: Equivalence files consist of one line for each symbol value. Each line has the following structure:
zh: 等效文件中每一行代表一个符号。每行都有以下结构：

note: type: Plain text
en: Each name/value must be surrounded by single quotes (`'`) and separated by one or more spaces. Lines starting with `#` are comments.
zh: 每个名称/值必须用单引号（`'`）包围，并由一个或多个空格隔开。以 `#` 开头的行是注释。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, if you want all symbols with the value `LM4562` to be assigned the footprint `Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9_P1.27mm`, the line in the equivalence file should be:
zh: 例如，如果你想让所有值为 `LM4562` 的符号被分配到 `Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9_P1.27mm` 的封装，等效文件中的一行应该是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is an example equivalence file:
zh: 下面是一个等效文件的例子：

note: type: Title ====
en: Viewing the Current Footprint
zh: 查看当前封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool contains a footprint viewer. Clicking the image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[footprint viewer icon] button in the top toolbar launches the footprint viewer and shows the selected footprint.
zh: 封装分配工具包含一个封装查看器。点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[封装查看器图标] 按钮可以启动封装查看器，并显示选定的封装。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Viewing a footprint
zh: 查看封装

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[]
    |Refresh view
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[]
    |Zoom in
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[]
    |Zoom out
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[]
    |Zoom to fit drawing in display area
    
    |image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[]
    |Show 3D viewer
zh: |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[]
    |刷新视图
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[] 
    |放大
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[]
    |缩小
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[]
    |放大到适合显示区域
    
    |image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[]
    |显示 3D 查看器

note: type: Plain text
en: The left toolbar contains the following commands:
zh: 左边的工具条包含以下命令：

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[]
    |Use the select tool
    
    |image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[]
    |Interactively measure between two points
    
    |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[]
    |Display grid dots or lines
    
    |image:images/icons/polar_coord_24.png[]
    |Switch between polar and cartesian coordinate systems
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[]
    |Use inches
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[]
    |Display coordinates in mils (1/1000 of an inch)
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[]
    |Display coordinates in millimeters
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[]
    |Toggle display of full-window crosshairs
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_number_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing pads in sketch or normal mode
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_sketch_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing pads in normal mode or outline mode
    
    |image:images/icons/text_sketch_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing text in normal mode or outline mode
    
    |image:images/icons/show_mod_edge_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing graphic lines in normal mode or outline mode
zh: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[]
    |使用选择工具
    
    |image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[]
    |在两点之间交互测量
    
    |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[]
    |显示网格点或线
    
    |image:images/icons/polar_coord_24.png[]
    |在极坐标系和卡迪尔坐标系之间切换
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[]
    |使用英寸
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[]
    |以mil（1/1000英寸）为单位显示坐标
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[]
    |以毫米为单位显示坐标
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[]
    |切换全窗口十字准线的显示
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_number_24.png[]
    |在草图或正常模式下的焊盘显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_sketch_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或轮廓模式下的焊盘显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/text_sketch_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或大纲模式下的文本显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/show_mod_edge_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或大纲模式下的图形线显示切换

note: type: Title =====
en: Viewing the Current 3D Model
zh: 查看当前 3D 模型

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking the image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[3D Viewer icon] button opens the footprint in the 3D model viewer.
zh: 点击 image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[3D 视图图标] 按钮在 3D 模型查看器中打开封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a 3D model does not exist for the current footprint, only the footprint itself will be shown in the 3D Viewer.
zh: 如果当前的封装不存在 3D 模型，那么在 3D 浏览器中只显示封装本身。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: 3D-Model view
zh: 3D 模型查看

note: type: Plain text
en: The 3D Viewer is described in the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#threed-viewer[PCB Editor manual].
zh: 3D查看器在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew_inspecting.adoc#threed-viewer[PCB Editor manual]中描述。

note: type: Title ==
en: Generating Outputs
zh: 生成输出

note: type: Title ===
en: Printing
zh: 打印

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can print the schematic to a standard printer using **File**->**Print...**.
zh: KiCad 可以使用 **文件** -> **打印...** 将原理图发送到标准打印机。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Print dialog
zh: 打印对话框

note: type: Title ====
en: Printing options
zh: 打印选项

note: type: Plain text
en: **Print drawing sheet:** Include the drawing sheet border and
    title block in the printed schematic.
zh: **打印图框：** 在打印的原理图中包括图纸的边框和标题块。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Output mode:** Print the schematic in color or black and white.
zh: **输出模式：** 以彩色或黑白方式打印原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Print background color:** Include the background color in the printed
    schematic. This option is only enabled if **Print in black and white only** is
    disabled.
zh: **打印背景色：** 包括打印的原理图中的背景色。该选项只在 **仅以黑白打印** 被禁用时才会启用。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Use a different color theme for printing:** Select a different color scheme
    for printing than the one selected for display in the Schematic Editor.
zh: **使用不同的颜色主题进行打印：** 选择不同的颜色方案进行打印，与在原理图编辑器中选择的显示方案不同。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Page Setup...:** Opens a page setup dialog for setting paper size and
    orientation.
zh: **页面设置...：** 打开一个页面设置对话框，用于设置纸张大小和方向。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Preview:** Opens a print preview dialog.
zh: **预览：** 打开一个打印预览对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Close:** Closes the dialog without printing.
zh: **关闭：** 关闭对话框，不打印。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Print:** Opens the system print dialog.
zh: **打印：** 打开系统打印对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: Printing uses platform- and printer-specific drivers and may have unexpected results. When printing to a file, *Plotting* is recommended instead of *Printing*.
zh: 打印时使用平台及打印机特有的驱动程序，可能会产生意想不到的结果。当打印到一个文件时，建议使用 *绘图* 而不是 *打印*。

note: type: Title ===
en: Plotting
zh: 绘图

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can plot schematics to a file using **File** -> **Plot...**.
zh: KiCad 可以使用 **文件** -> **绘图...** 将原理图绘制到文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The supported output formats are Postscript, PDF, SVG, DXF, and HPGL.
zh: 支持的输出格式是 Postscript、PDF、SVG、DXF 和 HPGL。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Plot dialog
zh: 绘制对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Output Messages** pane displays messages about the generated files.  Different kinds of messages can be shown or hidden using the checkboxes, and the messages can be saved to a file using the **Save...** button.
zh: **输出信息** 窗格显示有关生成文件的信息。 可以用复选框显示或隐藏不同种类的信息，还可以用 **保存...** 按钮将信息保存到文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Plot Current Page** button plots the current page of the schematic. The **Plot All Pages** button plots all pages of the schematic. One file is generated for each page, except for PDF output, which plots each schematic page as a separate page in a single PDF file.
zh: 点击**绘制当前页** 按钮绘制原理图的当前页。**绘制全部页面** 按钮可以绘制原理图的所有页面。每一页都会生成一个文件，但 PDF 输出除外，它将原理图的每一页作为单独的一页绘制在一个 PDF 文件中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Plotting options
zh: 绘制选项

note: type: Plain text
en: **Output directory:** Specify the location to save plotted files. If this is a
    relative path, it is created relative to the project directory.
zh: **输出目录：** 指定保存绘图文件的位置。如果是一个相对路径，它是相对于项目目录创建的。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Output Format:** Select the format to plot in. Some formats have different
    options than others.
zh: **输出格式：** 选择要绘制的格式。有些格式有不同的选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Page size:** Sets the page size to use for the plotted output. This can be set
    to match the schematic size or to another sheet size.
zh: **页面大小：** 设置用于绘制输出的页面大小。这可以被设置为匹配原理图的尺寸或其他页面尺寸。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Plot drawing sheet:** Include the drawing sheet border and title block in the
    printed schematic.
zh: **绘制图框：** 在打印的原理图中包括图纸边框和标题块。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Output mode:** Sets the output to color or black and white. Not all output
    formats support color.
zh: **输出模式：** 设置输出为彩色或黑白。不是所有的输出格式都支持彩色。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Plot background color:** Includes the schematic background color in the
    plotted output. The background color will not be plotted if the output format
    does not support color or the output mode is black and white.
zh: **绘图背景色：** 绘图输出包含原理图背景色。如果输出格式不支持彩色，或者输出模式是黑白，则不会绘制背景色。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Color theme:** Selects the color theme to use for the plotted output.
zh: **颜色主题：** 选择用于绘制输出的颜色主题。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Default line width:** Selects the default width for lines without a specified
    thickness (lines that have thickness set to 0). Lines that have a set thickness
    will be plotted at that thickness instead.
zh: **默认线宽：** 选择没有指定宽度的默认线宽（厚度设置为 0 的线）。有设定宽度的线条将以指定宽度绘制。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Position and units:** Sets the plotter origin and units. This option only
    applies for HPGL output.
zh: **位置和单位：** 设置绘图仪原点和单位。这个选项只 适用于 HPGL 输出。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Pen width:** Sets the plotter's pen width. This option only applies for HPGL output.
zh: **笔宽：** 设置绘图仪的笔宽。这个选项只适用于 HPGL 输出。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Open file after plot:** automatically opens the plotted output file when
    plotting is complete.
zh: **绘制后打开文件：** 在绘制完成后自动打开绘制的输出文件。

note: type: Title ====
en: Interactive PDF features
zh: PDF 交互功能

note: type: Plain text
en: Plotted PDFs have several interactive features.
zh: 绘图的 PDF 有交互功能。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol fields popup
zh: 符号字段弹出

note: type: Plain text
en: Hyperlinks can be clicked.
zh: 可以点击超链接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The table of contents is populated with schematic sheets as well as the symbols and hierarchical labels in each sheet.
zh: 目录中填充了原理图页以及每张页面中的符号和层次标签。

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking on many schematic elements displays a popup menu containing relevant information.
zh: 点击原理图对象会弹出一个包含相关信息的菜单。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols display their symbol fields.
zh: 符号显示其符号字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical subsheets display their sheetname and filename, as well as an option to enter the sheet itself.
zh: 层次的子页显示它们的原理图页名称和文件名，以及一个可以进入子页的选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels display the resolved net and netclass.
zh: 标签显示已解决的网络和网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Buses display their members.
zh: 总线显示其成员。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some of these features are not supported in all PDF readers.
zh: 其中一些功能并非所有 PDF 阅读器都支持。

note: type: Title ===
en: Generating a Bill of Materials
zh: 生成物料清单

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can generate a Bill of Materials using **Tools** -> **Generate BOM...** or the image:images/icons/post_bom_24.png[BOM icon] button on the top toolbar. The generated BOM lists all of the components in the design, except for components with the <<editing-symbol-properties,**Exclude from bill of materials** property>> set.
zh: KiCad 可以使用 **工具** -> **生成 BOM...** 或顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/post_bom_24.png[BOM 图标] 按钮生成物料清单。生成的 BOM 列出了设计中的所有元件，除了勾选了<<editing-symbol-properties,**不包含在物料清单中**属性>> 的元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: The BOM tool uses an external script to process the design information into the desired output format. Several BOM generator scripts are included with KiCad, and users can also create their own. BOM generator scripts generally use Python or XSLT, but other tools can be used as long as you can specify a <<generator-command-line-format,command line>> for KiCad to execute when running the generator.
zh: BOM 工具使用一个外部脚本将设计信息转换成所需的输出格式。KiCad 中包含几个 BOM 生成器脚本，用户也可以创建自己的脚本。BOM 生成器脚本一般使用 Python 或 XSLT，但也可以使用其他工具，只要你能指定一个 <<generator-command-line-format,命令行>> 让 KiCad 在运行生成器时执行。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can select which BOM generator to use in the *BOM generator scripts* list.  The rest of the dialog displays information about the selected generator. You can change the displayed name of the generator with the *Generator nickname* textbox.
zh: 您可以在 *BOM 发生器脚本* 列表中选择要使用的 BOM 生成器。 对话框的其余部分显示所选生成器的信息。您可以用 *生成器昵称* 文本框来改变生成器的显示名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pane at right displays information about the selected script. When the generator is executed, the right pane instead displays output from the script.
zh: 右边的窗格显示所选脚本的信息。当生成器被执行时，右边的窗格会显示脚本的输出。

note: type: Plain text
en: The text box at the bottom contains the command that KiCad will use to execute the generator. It is automatically populated when a script is selected, but the command may need to be hand-edited for some generators. KiCad saves the command line for each generator when the BOM tool is closed, so command line customizations are preserved. For more details about the command line, see the <<generator-command-line-format,advanced documentation>>.
zh: 底部的文本框包含了 KiCad 用来执行生成器的命令。当选择脚本时，该文本框会自动填充，但对于某些生成器来说，该命令可能需要手工编辑。当关闭 BOM 工具时，KiCad 会保存每个生成器的命令行，因此定制的命令行会被保留下来。关于命令行的更多细节，请参阅 <<generator-command-line-format,高级文档>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: On Windows, the BOM Generator dialog has an additional option *Show console window*. When this option is unchecked, BOM generators run in a hidden console window and any output is redirected and printed in the dialog. When this option is checked, BOM generators run in a visible console window, which may be necessary if the generator plugin provides a graphical user interface.
zh: 在 Windows 下，BOM 生成器对话框有一个额外的 *显示控制台窗口*选项。当这个选项未被选中时，BOM 生成器在一个隐藏的控制台窗口中运行，任何输出都会被重定向并打印在对话框中。当该选项被选中时，BOM 生成器在一个可见的控制台窗口中运行，如果生成器插件提供了一个图形用户界面，这可能是必要的。

note: type: Title ====
en: BOM generator scripts
zh: BOM 生成器脚本

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, the BOM tool presents three output script options.
zh: 默认情况下，BOM 工具提供三个输出脚本选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_extra` outputs a CSV with a single section containing every component in the design. Components are grouped by value, footprint, DNP (do not populate), and any additional fields that are specified on the command line. To specify extra fields, add the desired field names as quoted strings at the end of the command line. For example, to include the `MPN` field, the end of the command line would be: `<path to script>/bom_csv_grouped_extra.py "%I" "O.csv" "MPN"`. The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_extra` 输出一个 CSV 文件，其中包含设计中的每个元件。元件按值、封装、DNP（不使用）和命令行中指定的任何额外字段分组。要指定额外的字段，在命令行的末尾用引号字符串添加所需的字段名。例如，要包括  `MPN` 字段，命令行的结尾应该是 `<脚本路径>/bom_csv_grouped_extra.py "%I" "O.csv" "MPN"`。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Line item number
zh: 行编号

note: type: Plain text
en: Reference designator(s)
zh: 位号

note: type: Plain text
en: Quantity
zh: 数量

note: type: Plain text
en: Value
zh: 值

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint
zh: 封装

note: type: Plain text
en: DNP
zh: 不安装

note: type: Plain text
en: Specified extra fields
zh: 指定的额外字段

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value` outputs a CSV with two sections. The first section contains every component in the design, with a single component on each line.  The second section also contains every component, but components are grouped by symbol name, value, footprint, and DNP (do not populate). The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value` 输出的CSV有两个部分。第一部分包含了设计中的每个元件，每行都有一个元件。 第二部分也包含每个元件，但元件是按符号名称、值、封装和 DNP（不安装）分组的。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol library and symbol name
zh: 符号库和符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: Datasheet
zh: 数据手册

note: type: Plain text
en: Any other symbol fields
zh: 任何其他符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value_with_fp` outputs a CSV with a single section containing every component in the design. Components are grouped by value, footprint, and DNP (do not populate). The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value_with_fp` 输出一个 CSV，其中有一个单独的部分，包含设计中的每个元件。元件按值、封装和 DNP（不安装）进行分组。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol name
zh: 符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol description
zh: 符号描述

note: type: Plain text
en: Vendor
zh: 供应商

note: type: Plain text
en: Additional generator scripts are installed with KiCad but are not populated in the generator script list by default. The location of these scripts depends on the operating system and may vary based on installation location.
zh: 额外的生成器脚本与 KiCad 一起安装，但默认情况下不会在生成器脚本列表中填入。这些脚本的位置取决于操作系统，并可能根据安装位置而有所不同。

note: type: Table
en: |Operating System |Location
    |Windows |`C:\Program Files\KiCad\6.0\bin\scripting\plugins\`
    |Linux |`/usr/share/kicad/plugins/`
    |macOS |`/Applications/KiCad/KiCad.app/Contents/SharedSupport/plugins/`
zh: |运行系统 |位置
    |Windows |`C:\Program Files\KiCad\6.0\bin\scripting\plugins\`
    |Linux |`/usr/share/kicad/plugins/`
    |macOS |`/Applications/KiCad/KiCad.app/Contents/SharedSupport/plugins/`

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on creating and using custom BOM generators, see the <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,advanced documentation>>.
zh: 关于创建和使用自定义 BOM 生成器的更多信息，请参见 <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,高级文档>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: Other ways to generate a BOM
zh: 生成 BOM 的其他方法

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad offers several additional ways to generate a BOM, although the BOM tool is recommended.
zh: KiCad 提供了几种额外的方法来生成 BOM，尽管推荐使用 BOM 工具。

note: type: Plain text
en: The <<symbol-fields-table,Symbol Fields Table>> can export a CSV which can be used as a BOM. This option includes all symbol information but offers limited control over the output.
zh: <<symbol-fields-table符号字段表>> 可以导出一个 CSV，可以作为 BOM 使用。这个选项包括所有的符号信息，但对输出的控制有限。

note: type: Plain text
en: The PCB Editor can export a BOM through **File** -> **Fabrication Outputs** -> **BOM...**. This method provides no control over the output format and does not include all symbol information.
zh: PCB 编辑器可以通过 **文件** -> **制造输出** -> **BOM...** 输出 BOM。这种方法不提供对输出格式的控制，也不包括所有符号信息。

note: type: Title ===
en: Generating a Netlist
zh: 生成网表

note: type: Plain text
en: A netlist is a file which describes electrical connections between symbol pins.  These connections are referred to as nets. Netlist files contain:
zh: 网表是一个描述符号引脚之间电气连接的文件。 这些连接被称为网络。网表文件包含：

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en: A list of symbols and their pins.
zh: 符号及其引脚的列表。

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en: A list of connections (nets) between symbol pins.
zh: 符号引脚之间的连接（网络）列表。

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en: Many different netlist formats exist. Sometimes the symbols list and the list of nets are two separate files. This netlist is fundamental in the use of schematic capture software, because the netlist is the link with other electronic CAD software, such as PCB layout software, simulators, and programmable logic compilers.
zh: 存在许多不同的网表格式。有时符号表和网表是两个独立的文件。网表是使用原理图设计软件的基础，因为网表建立了与其他电子 CAD 软件，如 PCB 布局软件、仿真器和可编程逻辑编译器的联系。

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en: KiCad supports several netlist formats:
zh: KiCad 支持几种网表格式：

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en: KiCad format, which can be imported by the KiCad PCB Editor. However, the <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"Update PCB from Schematic">> tool should be used instead of importing a KiCad netlist into the PCB editor.
zh: KiCad 格式，可由 KiCad PCB 编辑器导入。然而，应该使用 <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"从原理图更新 PCB">> 工具而不是将 KiCad 网表导入 PCB 编辑器。

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en: OrCAD PCB2 format, for designing PCBs with OrCAD.
zh: OrCAD PCB2 格式，用于 OrCAD 设计 PCB。

note: type: Plain text
en: CADSTAR format, for designing PCBs with CADSTAR.
zh: CADSTAR 格式，用于 CADSTAR 设计 PCB。

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en: Spice format, for use with various external circuit simulators.
zh: Spice 格式，用于各种外部电路仿真器。

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en: In KiCad version 5.0 and later, it is not necessary to create a netlist
          for transferring a design from the schematic editor to the PCB editor.
          Instead, use the
          <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"Update PCB from Schematic">> tool.
zh: 在 KiCad 5.0 及以后的版本中，将设计从原理图编辑器转移到 PCB 编辑器时，没有必要创建网表。推荐使用 <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"从原理图更新PCB">> 工具。

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en: Other software tools that use netlists may have restrictions on spaces and
          special characters in component names, pins, nets, and other fields. For
          compatibility, be aware of such restrictions in other tools you plan to
          use, and name components, nets, etc. accordingly.
zh: 其他使用网表的软件工具可能对元件名称、引脚、网络和其他字段中的空格和特殊字符有限制。为了兼容性，请注意其他工具中的这种限制，并相应地命名元件、网络等。

note: type: Title ====
en: Netlist formats
zh: 网表格式

note: type: Plain text
en: Netlists are exported with the Export Netlist dialog (**File**->**Export**->**Netlist...**).
zh: 网表是通过导出网表对话框（**文件** -> **导出** -> **网表...**）导出的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: KiCad netlist export
zh: KiCad 网表导出

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad supports exporting netlists in several formats: KiCad, OrcadPCB2, CADSTAR, Spice, and Spice Model. Each format can be selected by selecting the corresponding tab at the top of the window. Some netlist formats have additional options.
zh: KiCad 支持导出多种格式的网表。KiCad、OrcadPCB2、CADSTAR、Spice 和 Spice Model。每种格式都可以通过选择窗口顶部的相应标签来选择。一些网表格式有额外的选项。

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en: Clicking the **Export Netlist** button prompts for a netlist filename and saves the netlist.
zh: 点击 **导出网表** 按钮，会提示输入网表文件名并保存网表。

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en: Netlist generation can take up to several minutes for large schematics.
zh: 对于大型原理图，网表的生成可能需要几分钟。

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en: Custom generators for other netlist formats can be added by clicking the **Add Generator...** button. Custom generators are external tools that are called by KiCad, for example Python scripts or XSLT stylesheets. For more information on custom netlist generators, see <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,the section on adding custom netlist generators>>.
zh: 其他网表格式的自定义生成器可以通过点击 **添加生成器...** 按钮添加。自定义生成器是由 KiCad 调用的外部工具，例如 Python 脚本或 XSLT 样式表。关于自定义网表生成器的更多信息，请参见<<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,添加自定义网表生成器>>章节。

note: type: Title =====
en: Spice Netlist Format
zh: Spice 网表格式

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Spice netlist export
zh: Spice 网表导出

note: type: Plain text
en: The Spice netlist format offers several options.
zh: Spice 网表格式提供了几个选项。

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en: When the **use current sheet as root** is selected, only the current sheet is exported to a subcircuit model. Otherwise, the entire schematic sheet is exported.
zh: 当选择 **使用当前图纸作为根图纸** 时，只有当前页图纸导出到子电路模型中。否则，所有原理图图纸将被导出。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **save all voltages** option adds a `.save all` command to the netlist, which causes the simulator to save all node voltages. The **save all currents** option adds a `.probe alli` command to the netlist, which causes the simulator save all node currents.
zh: **保存所有电压** 选项为网表添加了一个 `.save all` 命令，这会让仿真器保存所有节点的电压。**保存所有电流** 选项在网表中增加了一个 `.probe all` 命令，会让仿真器保存所有节点的电流。

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en: Exact behavior may vary between simulation tools.
zh: 不同仿真工具之间的行为可能有所不同。

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en: Passive symbol values are automatically adjusted to be compatible with various Spice simulators. Specifically:
zh: 无源符号值会自动调整，以便与各种 Spice 仿真器兼容。具体而言：

note: type: Plain text
en: `&mu;` and `M` as unit prefixes are replaced with `u` and `Meg`, respectively
zh: `&mu;` 和 `M` 作为单位前缀，分别被替换成 `u` 和 `Meg`

note: type: Plain text
en: Units are removed (e.g. `4.7k&ohm;` is changed to `4.7k`)
zh: 单位被删除（例如，`4.7k&ohm;` 被改为 `4.7k`）

note: type: Plain text
en: Values in RKM format are rewritten to be Spice-compatible (e.g. `4u7` is changed to `4.7u`)
zh: RKM 格式的数值被改写为与 Spice 兼容（例如，`4u7` 被改成 `4.7u`）

note: type: Plain text
en: The Spice netlist exporter also provides an easy way to simulate the generated netlist with an external simulator. This can be useful for running a simulation without using <<simulator,KiCad's internal ngspice simulator>>, or for running an ngspice simulation with options that are not supported by KiCad's simulator tool.
zh: Spice 网表导出器还提供了一种简单的方法，可以用外部仿真器对生成的网表进行仿真。这对于在不使用<<simulator,KiCad 的内部 ngspice 仿真器>>的情况下运行仿真，或者使用 KiCad 的仿真器工具不支持的选项运行 ngspice 仿真是很有用的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Enter the path to the external simulator in the text box, with `%I` representing the generated netlist. Click the **Create Netlist and Run Simulator Command** button to generate the netlist and automatically run the simulator.
zh: 在文本框中输入外部模拟器的路径，其中 `%I` 代表生成的网表。点击 **创建网表和运行仿真器命令** 按钮，生成网表并自动运行仿真器。

note: type: Plain text
en: The default simulator command (`spice "%I"`) must be adjusted to point to
          a simulator installed on your system.
zh: 默认的仿真器命令（`spice "%I"`）必须调整为指向系统上安装的仿真器。

note: type: Plain text
en: Spice simulators expect simulation commands (`.PROBE`, `.AC`, `.TRAN`, etc.) to be included in the netlist. Any text line included in the schematic diagram starting with a period (`.`) will be included in the netlist. If a text object contains multiple lines, only the lines beginning with a period will be included.
zh: Spice 仿真器预期仿真命令（`.PROBE`， `.AC`， `.TRAN` 等）包含在网表中。原理图中包含的任何以句号（`.`）开始的文本行都将被包含在网表中。如果一个文本对象包含多行，只有以句号开头的行将被包含在内。

note: type: Plain text
en: `.include` directives for including model library files are automatically added to the netlist based on the Spice model settings for the symbols in the schematic.
zh: 根据原理图中符号的 Spice 模型设置，用于包括模型库文件的 `.include` 指令被自动添加到网表。

note: type: Title =====
en: Spice Model Netlist Format
zh: Spice 模型网表格式

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can also export a netlist of the schematic as a Spice subcircuit model, which can be included in a separate Spice simulation. Any hierarchical labels in the schematic are used as pins for the subcircuit model. Each pin in the model is annotated with a comment describing the pin's electrical direction:
zh: KiCad 还可以将原理图的网表导出为 Spice 子电路模型，这可以包含在一个单独的 Spice 仿真中。原理图中的任何层次标签都被用作子电路模型的引脚。模型中的每个引脚都有批注，描述该引脚的电气方向：

note: type: Plain text
en: `Input` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `input` annotation
zh: `输入` 的层次标签被映射到一个 `输入` 的批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Output` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `output` annotation
zh: `输出` 的层次化标签被映射到 `输出` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Bidirectional` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `inout` annotation
zh: `双向` 层次标签被映射到 `输入输出` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Tri-state` hierarchical labels are mapped to a `tristate` annotation
zh: `三态` 的层次标签被映射到 `三态` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Passive` hierarchical labels are mapped to a `passive` annotation
zh: `被动` 层次标签被映射到 `被动` 批注上

note: type: Title ====
en: Netlist examples
zh: 网表示例

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is the schematic from the `sallen_key` project included in KiCad's simulation demos.
zh: 下面是 KiCad 仿真示例的 `sallen_key` 工程的原理图。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: sallen_key demo schematic
zh: sallen_key 演示原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad format netlist for this schematic is as follows:
zh: 该原理图的 KiCad 格式网表如下：

note: type: Plain text
en: In Spice format, the netlist is as follows:
zh: 在 Spice 格式中，网表如下：

note: type: Title ==
en: Hierarchical schematics
zh: 层次原理图

note: type: Title ===
en: Introduction
zh: 简介

note: type: Plain text
en: In KiCad, multi-sheet schematics are hierarchical: there is a single root sheet, and additional sheets are created as subsheets of either the root sheet or another subsheet. Sheets can be included in a hierarchy multiple times, if desired.
zh: 在 KiCad 中，多张原理图可以形成层次结构：有一个根原理图，其他图作为根原理图或另一个子原理图的子原理图被创建。如果需要的话，原理图可以被多次包含在一个层次结构中。

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en: Carefully drawing a schematic as a hierarchical design improves schematic legibility and reduces repetitive drawing.
zh: 仔细地将原理图绘制成层次设计，可以提高原理图的可读性，减少重复绘制。

note: type: Plain text
en: Creating a hierarchical schematic starts from the root sheet. The process is to create a subsheet, then draw the circuit in the subsheet and make the necessary electrical connections between sheets. Connections can be made between nets in a subsheet and nets in the parent sheet using hierarchical pins and labels, or between any two nets in the hierarchy using global labels.
zh: 创建层次原理图是从根原理图开始的。其过程是创建一个子原理图，然后在子原理图中绘制电路，并在原理图之间进行必要的电气连接。可以使用层次引脚和标签为子原理图和父原理图的网络建立连接，也可以使用全局标签为层次中的任意网络建立连接。

note: type: Title ===
en: Adding sheets to a design
zh: 在设计中添加原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: You can add a subsheet to a design with the Add Hierarchical Sheet tool (kbd:[S] hotkey, or the image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[Add Hierarchical Sheet icon] button in the right toolbar). Launch the tool, then click twice in the canvas to draw the upper left and lower right corners of the subsheet symbol. Make the sheet outline large enough to fit the <<hierarchical-sheet-pins,hierarchical pins you will add later>>.
zh: 你可以用 "添加层次原理图" 工具（kbd:[S] 快捷键，或右边工具栏上的 image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[添加层次原理图图标]按钮）在设计中添加一个子原理图。启动该工具，然后在画布上点击两次，绘制子原理图符号的左上角和右下角。使子原理图符号的轮廓足够大，以放下<<hierarchical-sheet-pins,后续添加的层次引脚>>。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Drawing a hierarchical sheet
zh: 绘制层次原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The Sheet Properties dialog will appear and prompt you for a sheet name and filename.
zh: 原理图属性对话框将出现，并提示输入原理图名称和文件名。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Hierarchical sheet properties
zh: 层次原理图属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The *sheet name* must be unique, as it is used in the full net name for any nets in the subsheet. For example, a net with the local label `net1` in the sheet `sheet1` would have a full net name of `/sheet1/net1`. The sheet name is also used to refer to the sheet in various places in the GUI, including the <<sheet-title-block,title block>> and the <<navigating-between-sheets,hierarchy navigator>>.
zh: *Sheetname* 原理图名称必须是唯一的，因为它被用于子原理图中任何网络的全局网络名称中。例如，在原理图 `sheet1` 中具有局部标签 `net1` 的网络将具有 `/sheet1/net1` 的全局网络名称。原理图名称也被用来在图形用户界面的不同地方指代原理图，包括<<sheet-title-block,原理图标题块>>和<<navigating-between-sheets,层次导航>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *sheet file* specifies the file that the new sheet will be saved to or loaded from. The path to the sheet file can be relative or absolute. It is usually preferable to save subsheet files in the project directory and use a relative path so that the project is portable.
zh: *Sheetfile* 原理图文件指定将被保存或加载的原理图文件。原理图文件的路径可以是相对的或绝对的。通常最好是将子原理图文件保存在工程目录中，并使用相对路径，这样便于工程的移植。

note: type: Plain text
en: A single sheet file can be used more than once in a project by specifying the same filename for each repeated sheet; the circuit drawn in the sheet will be instantiated once per usage, and any edits in once instance will be reflected in the other instances.
zh: 通过为每个重复的原理图指定相同的文件名，一个原理图文件可以在一个工程中使用多次；原理图中绘制的电路将在每次使用时被实例化一次，任意实例中的任何编辑都将反映在其他实例中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Sheet files can be shared between multiple projects to allow design reuse between projects. However, this is not recommended due to path portability concerns and the risk of unintentionally changing other projects while editing a shared sheet.
zh: 原理图文件可以在多个工程之间共享，以允许在工程之间的设计复用。然而，对路径可移植性的考量，以及在编辑共享图纸时无意中改变其他工程的风险，不建议这样做。

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet's *page number* is configurable here. The page number is displayed in the sheet <<sheet-title-block,title block>> and the <<navigating-between-sheets,hierarchy navigator>>, and sheets are sorted by page number in the hierarchy navigator and when <<generating-outputs,printing or plotting>>.
zh: 原理图的 *页码* 在这里是可以配置的。页码显示在原理图<<sheet-title-block,标题块>>和<<navigating-between-sheets,层次导航>>中，原理图在层次导航器及<<generating-outputs,打印或绘制>>中按页码排序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several graphical options are also available. *Border width* sets the width of the border around the sheet shape. *Border color* and *Background fill* set the color for the border and fill of the sheet shape, respectively. If no color is set, a checkerboard swatch is shown and the default values from the color theme are used.
zh: 还有几个图形选项可用。*边界宽度* 设置图纸形状周围的边界宽度。*边界颜色* 和 *背景填充* 分别设置图纸形状的边界和填充的颜色。如果没有设置颜色，就会显示一个棋盘式的色块，并使用颜色主题的默认值。

note: type: Plain text
en: Sheets support arbitrary custom fields, which can be added and removed with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[plus icon] and image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[trash icon] buttons, respectively. Sheet fields can be optionally displayed on the schematic by checking their **Show** box, and they can be accessed from inside the sheet or in other sheet fields using <<text-variables,text variables>>.
zh: 原理图页支持任意自定义字段，可以分别使用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 和 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 按钮添加和删除。 通过选中它们的 **显示** 框，可以选择在原理图上显示页面字段，并且可以使用 <<text-variables,文本变量>> 从图纸内部或其他图纸字段中访问它们。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Sheet Properties dialog can be accessed at any time by selecting a sheet symbol and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, or by right-clicking on a sheet symbol and selecting **Properties...**.
zh: 通过选择一个页面符并使用 kbd:[E] 快捷键，或者通过右键单击页面符并选择 **属性...**，可以随时访问页面符属性对话框。

note: type: Title ===
en: Navigating between sheets
zh: 原理图之间导航器

note: type: Plain text
en: You can enter a hierarchical sheet from the parent sheet by double-clicking the child sheet's shape, or right-clicking the child sheet and selecting **Enter Sheet**.
zh: 你可以通过双击父原理图的图框，或右击图框并选择 **进入原理图，从父原理图进入一个层次化的子原理图**。

note: type: Plain text
en: Return to the parent sheet by using the image:images/icons/up_24.png[up arrow icon] button in the top toolbar, or by right-clicking in an empty part of the schematic and clicking **Leave Sheet**.
zh: 通过使用顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/up_24.png[向上箭头图标] 按钮，或者在原理图的空白部分点击右键，然后点击 **离开原理图**，返回到父原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can jump to the next sheet with the image:images/icons/right_24.png[right arrow icon] button, or to the previous sheet with the image:images/icons/left_24.png[left arrow icon] button.
zh: 你可以用 image:images/icons/right_24.png[右箭头图标] 按钮跳到下一个原理图，或者用 image:images/icons/left_24.png[左箭头图标] 按钮跳到上一个原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: Alternatively, you can jump to any sheet with the hierarchy navigator. To open the hierarchy navigator, click the image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[Hierarchy navigator icon] button in the left toolbar. The hierarchy navigator docks at the left of the screen. Each sheet in the design is displayed as an item in the tree. Clicking a sheet name opens that sheet in the editing canvas.
zh: 另外，你也可以通过层次结构导航器跳转到任何原理图。要打开层次结构导航器，请点击左边工具栏上的 image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[层次结构导航器图标] 按钮。层次结构导航器会停靠在屏幕的左边。设计中的每个原理图都显示为工作区中的一个项目。点击原理图的名字就可以在编辑画布上打开该原理图。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: hierarchy navigator
zh: 层次结构导航器

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical connections between sheets
zh: 原理图之间的电气连接

note: type: Title ====
en: Label overview
zh: 标签概述

note: type: Plain text
en: Electrical connections between sheets are made with <<labels,labels>>. There are several kinds of labels in KiCad, each with a different connection scope.
zh: 原理图之间的电气连接是通过 <<labels,标签>>进行的。在 KiCad 中，有几种标签，每种都有不同的连接范围。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Local labels* only make connections within a sheet. Therefore local
    labels cannot be used to connect between sheets. Local labels are added with
    the image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[Local Label icon] button.
zh: *局部标签* 只在某个原理图内部有效。因此，局部标签不能用于不同原理图之间的连接。局部标签的添加方法是 image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[局部标签图标] 按钮添加。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Global labels* make connections anywhere in a schematic, regardless of sheet.
    Global labels are added with the
    image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[Global Label icon] button.
zh: *全局标签* 在所有的原理图中有效，无论是哪个子原理图。 全局标签可以使用 image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[全局标签图标] 按钮添加。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Hierarchical labels* connect to *hierarchical sheet pins* accessible in the
    parent sheet. Hierarchical designs rely on hierarchical labels and pins to
    make connections between parent sheets and child sheets; you can think of
    hierarchical pins as defining the interface for a sheet. Hierarchical labels
    are added with the
    image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[Hierarchical Label icon]
    button.
zh: *层次化标签* 连接到父原理图中*层次原理图引脚*。层次化设计依靠层次化标签和层次原理图引脚来实现父原理图和子原理图之间的连接；你可以把层次原理图引脚看成是父原理图与子原理图的接口。层次化标签可以使用 image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[分层标签图标] 按钮添加。

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels that have the same name will connect, regardless of the label type,
          if they are in the same sheet.
zh: 如果在同一个原理图页面，无论标签类型如何，具有相同名称的标签将被连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<hidden-power-pins,Hidden power pins>> can also be considered global
          labels, because they connect anywhere in the schematic hierarchy.
zh: <<hidden-power-pins,隐藏电源引脚>>也可以被认为是全局标签，因为它们可以连接到原理图层次结构中的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical sheet pins
zh: 层次原理图引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: After placing hierarchical labels within the subsheet, matching *hierarchical pins* can be added to the subsheet symbol in the parent sheet. You can then make connections to the hierarchical pins with wires, labels, and buses. Hierarchical pins in a subsheet symbol are connected to the matching hierarchical labels in the subsheet itself.
zh: 在子原理图内放置层次标签后，可以在父原理图内的子原理图符号上添加匹配的 *层次原理图引脚*。然后，你可以用导线、标签及总线与层次原理图引脚进行连接。子原理图符号中的层次原理图引脚与子原理图中匹配的层次化标签相连。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical labels must be defined in the subsheet before the
          corresponding hierarchical sheet pin can be imported in the sheet symbol.
zh: 在原理图页面符中导入相应的层次原理图引脚之前，必须先在子原理图中定义层次化标签。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: hierarchical sheet symbol with pins
zh: 带层次原理图引脚的层次化原理图页面符

note: type: Plain text
en: For every hierarchical label in the subsheet, import the corresponding hierarchical pin into the sheet symbol by clicking the image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[Import Hierarchical Pin icon] button in the right toolbar, then clicking on the sheet symbol. A sheet pin for the first unmatched hierarchical label will be attached to the cursor, where it can be placed anywhere along the border of the sheet symbol. Clicking again with the tool will continue to import additional sheet pins until there are no more hierarchical pins to import from the subsheet. Sheet pins can also be imported by selecting **Import Sheet Pin** in a sheet symbol's right-click context menu.
zh: 对于子原理图中的每一个层次化标签，可以通过点击右侧工具栏中的 image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[导入分层标签图标] 按钮，然后点击原理图页面符，将相应的层次化标签导入原理图页面符中。第一个与层次化标签匹配的层次化引脚将附在光标上，可以将它放在原理图页面符边界的任何地方。再次点击该工具将继续导入更多的层次原理图引脚，直到没有更多的层次化标签需要从子原理图中导入。层次原理图引脚也可以通过在原理图页面符的右键菜单中选择 **导入层次原理图引脚** 来导入。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can edit the properties of a sheet pin in the Sheet Pin Properties dialog.  Open this dialog by double-clicking a sheet pin, selecting a sheet pin and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, or right-clicking a sheet pin and selecting **Properties...**.
zh: 你可以在原理图页面引脚属性对话框中编辑页面引脚的属性。 通过双击原理图页面引脚，或选择页面引脚并使用快捷键 kbd:[E] ，或者右击原理图页面引脚并选择 **属性...** 来打开这个对话框。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Sheet Pin Properties dialog
zh: 原理图页面引脚属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet pin's *name* can be edited in the textbox or by selecting from the dropdown list of hierarchical labels in the subsheet. A sheet pin's name has to match the corresponding hierarchical label in the subsheet, so if a pin name is changed the label must change as well.
zh: 原理图页面引脚的 *名称* 可以在文本框中编辑，也可以从子原理图的层次化标签的下拉列表中选择。原理图页面引脚的名称必须与子原理图中相应的层次化标签相匹配，所以如果页面引脚的名称被改变，标签也必须改变。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Shape* changes the shape of the sheet pin, and has no electrical
    effect. It can be set to Input, Output, Bidirectional, Tri-state, or Passive.
    The pin's *font*, *text size*, *color*, and emphasis (bold or italic) can also
    be changed.
zh: *形状* 区域可以改变页面引脚的形状，但没有电气效果。它可以被设置为输入、输出、双向、三态或无源。 引脚的*字体*、*文本大小*、*颜色*和强调（粗体或斜体）也可以
    被改变。

note: type: Title ===
en: Hierarchical design examples
zh: 层次化设计实例

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical designs can be put into one of several categories:
zh: 层次化设计可以被归入几个类别中的一个：

note: type: Plain text
en: *Simple:* each sheet is used only once.
zh: *简单：* 每张原理图只使用一次。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Complex:* some sheets are instantiated multiple times.
zh: *复杂：* 一些原理图被多次使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Flat:* a sub-case of a *simple* hierarchy, without connections between
    subsheets and their parent. Flat hierarchies can be used to represent a
    non-hierarchical design.
zh: *扁平化：* *简单的* 层次结构的一个子案例，在子原理图和其父原理图之间没有连接。扁平的层次结构可以用来表示一种非层次结构设计。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each hierarchy model can be useful; the most appropriate one depends on the design.
zh: 每种层次结构模型都可能是有用的；最合适的模型取决于设计需求。

note: type: Title ====
en: Simple hierarchy
zh: 简单的层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: An example of a simple hierarchy is the `video` demo project included with KiCad. The root sheet contains seven unique subsheets, each with hierarchical labels and sheet pins linking the sheets to each other in the root sheet. Two of the subsheet symbols are shown below.
zh: 一个简单的层次结构的例子是 KiCad 包含的 `video` 演示工程。根原理图包含七个独特的子原理图，每个子原理图都有层次化标签和原理图页面引脚，将子原理图与根原理图相互连接。下面是其中两个子原理图的页面符。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Simple hierarchy from video demo project
zh: 这个 video 演示工程的简单层次结构

note: type: Title ====
en: Complex Hierarchy
zh: 复杂的层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The `complex_hierarchy` demo project is an example of a complex hierarchy.  The root sheet contains two subsheet symbols, which both refer to the same sheet file (`ampli_ht.kicad_sch`). This allows the design to include two copies of the same amplifier circuit. Although the two sheet symbols refer to the same filename, the sheet names are unique (`ampli_ht_vertical` and `ampli_ht_horizontal`). Inside each subsheet the circuits are identical except for the reference designators, which as always are unique.
zh: `复杂的层次结构` 演示工程是一个复杂层次结构的例子。 根原理图包含两个子原理图页面符，它们都指向同一个原理图文件（`ampli_ht.kicad_sch`）。这使得设计中包含了同一个放大器电路的两个副本。尽管这两个原理图页面符指向同一个文件名，但原理图的名称是唯一的（`ampli_ht_vertical` 和 `ampli_ht_horizontal`）。在每个子原理图内，除了位号外，其他的电路都是相同的，而位号也是唯一的。

note: type: Plain text
en: This project contains no sheet pin connections. The only connections between the root sheet and the subsheets are global power connections made with <<power-symbols,power symbols>>. However, sheets in a complex hierarchy could include sheet pin connections if appropriate for the design.
zh: 这个工程不包含原理图层次引脚连接。根原理图和子原理图之间的唯一连接是用<<power-symbols,电源符号>>进行的全局连接。如果设计需要，复杂层次结构中的原理图可以包括原理图层次引脚的连接。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Complex hierarchy from complex_hierarchy demo project
zh: Complex_hierarchy 演示工程中的复杂层次结构

note: type: Title ====
en: Flat hierarchy
zh: 扁平化层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The `flat_hierarchy` demo project is an example of a flat hierarchy. The root sheet contains two unique subsheet symbols with no hierarchical sheet pins. The root sheet in this project does nothing except hold the subsheets, and the subsheets are used only as additional pages in the schematic.
zh: `flat_hierarchy` 演示工程是一个扁平化层次结构的例子。根原理图包含两个不同的子原理图页面符，没有层次化原理图引脚。在这个工程中，根原理图除了容纳子原理图外没有任何作用，子原理图只是作为原理图中的附加页使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: This is the simplest way to create multi-page schematics in KiCad.
zh: 这是在 KiCad 中创建多页原理图的最简单方法。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Flat hierarchy from flat_hierarchy demo project
zh: 这是 flat_hierarchy 演示工程的扁平化层次结构

note: type: Title ==
en: Inspecting a schematic
zh: 检查原理图

note: type: Title ===
en: Find tool
zh: 查找工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool searches for text in the schematic, including reference designators, pin names, symbol fields, and graphic text. When the tool finds a match, the canvas is zoomed and centered on the match and the text is highlighted. Launch the tool using the image:images/icons/find_24.png[Find icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 查找工具在原理图中搜索文本，包括位号、引脚名称、符号字段和图形文本。当该工具找到一个匹配的文本时，画布会被放大并居中显示该匹配的文本。使用顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/find_24.png[查找图标] 按钮启动该工具。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Find dialog
zh: 查找对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool has several options:
zh: 查找工具有几个选项：

note: type: Plain text
en: *Match case:* Selects whether the search is case-sensitive.
zh: *区分大小写：* 选择搜索是否对大小写敏感。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Words:* When selected, the search will only match the search term with complete
    words in the schematic. When unselected, the search will match if the search
    term is part of a larger word in the schematic.
zh: *关键词：* 选择后，搜索将只与原理图中完整的搜索词相匹配。当未选择时，如果搜索词是原理图中一个较大的关键词的一部分，搜索将匹配。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Wildcards:* When selected, wildcards can be used in the search terms. `?`
    matches any single character, and `\*` matches any number of characters. Note
    that when this option is selected, partial matches are not returned: searching
    for `abc*` will match the string `abcd`, but searching for `abc` will not.
zh: *通配符:* 当选择时，通配符可以在搜索词中使用。`?` 匹配任何单个字符，而 `\*` 则匹配任何数量的字符。请注意，当选择这个选项时，不会返回部分匹配：搜索 `abc*` 将匹配字符串 `abcd`，但搜索 `abc` 不会。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Search pin names and numbers:* Selects whether the search should apply to pin
    names and numbers.
zh: *搜索引脚名称和编号：* 选择搜索是否应用于引脚名称和编号。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Search hidden fields:* Selects whether the search should apply only to visible
    fields or if it should include hidden symbol fields.
zh: *搜索隐藏字段：* 选择搜索是否只应用于可见字段，或是否应包含隐藏的符号字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Search the current sheet only:* Selects whether the search should be limited to
    the current schematic sheet or to the entire schematic.
zh: *仅搜索当前原理图：* 选择搜索是否应限于当前原理图或整个原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: There is also a Find and Replace tool which is activated with the image:images/icons/find_replace_24.png[Find and Replace icon] button in the top toolbar. This tool behaves the same as the Find tool, but additionally can replace some or all matches with different text.
zh: 还有一个查找和替换工具，可以通过顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/find_replace_24.png[查找和替换图标] 按钮激活。这个工具的作用与查找工具相同，但还可以用不同的文本替换部分或全部匹配的文本。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Find and Replace dialog
zh: 查找和替换对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: If the *Replace matches in reference designators* option is checked, reference designators will be modified if they contain matching text. Otherwise reference designators will not be affected.
zh: 当选中 *替换位号中的匹配内容* 选项时，如果包含匹配的文本，位号将被修改。否则，位号将不会受到影响。

note: type: Title ===
en: Net highlighting
zh: 网络高亮显示

note: type: Plain text
en: An electrical net can be highlighted in the schematic editor to visualize all of the places it appears in the schematic. Net highlighting can be activated in the Schematic Editor or by highlighting the corresponding net in the PCB editor when cross-probe highlighting is enabled (see below). When net highlighting is active, the highlighted net will be shown in a different color. By default this color is pink, but it is configurable in the Color section of the Preferences dialog.
zh: 在原理图编辑器中，电气网络可以在原理图中所有出现的位置高亮显示。网络高亮显示可以在原理图编辑器中激活，也可以在启用交叉探测高亮时在 PCB 编辑器中高亮相应的网络是激活（见下文）。当网络高亮显示激活时，高亮的网络将以不同的颜色显示。默认情况下，这种颜色是粉红色，但可以在 "偏好设置" 对话框的颜色部分进行配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Nets can be highlighted by clicking on a wire or pin using the Highlight Net tool in the right toolbar (image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[Net Highlight icon]). Alternatively, the Highlight Net hotkey (kbd:[`]) highlights the net under the cursor.
zh: 可以通过点击右边工具栏中的高亮显示网络工具（image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[Net Highlight图标]）高亮显示网络。另外，高亮网络的快捷键（kbd:[`]）也可以高亮显示光标下的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Net highlighting can be cleared by using the Clear Net Highlight action (hotkey kbd:[~]) or by using the Highlight net tool on an empty region in the schematic.  By default, kbd:[Esc] also clears net highlighting, but this can be disabled if desired in **Preferences** -> **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options**.
zh: 可以使用清除网络高亮操作（快捷键 kbd:[~]）或在原理图中的空白区域使用网络高亮显示工具来清除网络高亮网络。 默认情况下，kbd:[Esc] 也可以清除网络高亮显示，但如果需要，可以在 **首选项** -> **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 中将其禁用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Cross-probing from the PCB
zh: 从 PCB 上交叉探测

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad allows bi-directional cross-probing between the schematic and the PCB.  There are several different types of cross-probing.
zh: KiCad 允许在原理图和 PCB 之间进行双向交叉探测。 有几种不同类型的交叉探测。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Selection cross-probing* allows you to select a symbol or pin in the schematic
    to select the corresponding footprint or pad in the PCB (if one exists) and
    vice-versa. By default, cross-probing will result in the display centering on
    the cross-probed item and zooming to fit. This behavior can be disabled in the
    Display Options section of the Preferences dialog.
zh: *选择交叉探测* 允许你在原理图中选择一个符号或引脚的同时选中 PCB 中相应的封装或焊盘（如果存在的话），反之亦然。默认情况下，交叉探测会将交叉探测的对象缩放到合适的大小并中心显示。可以在偏好设置对话框的显示选项部分禁用这一行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Highlight cross-probing* allows you to highlight a net in the schematic and PCB
    at the same time. If the option "Highlight cross-probed nets" is enabled in the
    Display Options section of the Preferences dialog, highlighting a net or bus in
    the schematic editor will cause the corresponding net or nets to be highlighted
    in the PCB editor, and vice versa.
zh: *高亮显示交叉探测* 允许你在原理图和 PCB 中同时高亮显示一个网络。 如果在 "偏好设置" 对话框的 "显示选项" 部分启用了 "高亮显示交叉探测的网络" 选项，那么在原理图编辑器中高亮显示一个网络或总线将导致 PCB 编辑器中相应的网络或网络被高亮显示，反之亦然。

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical Rules Check
zh: 电气规则检查

note: type: Plain text
en: The Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool checks for certain errors in your schematic, such as unconnected pins, unconnected hierarchical symbols, shorted outputs or other illegal connections, etc. ERC violations are reported as errors or warnings depending on the severity of the issue detected.
zh: 电气规则检查（ERC）工具检查你的原理图中特定的错误，如未连接的引脚、未连接的层次符号、短路的输出或其他非法连接，等等。ERC 的违规会根据检测到的问题的严重程度，以错误或警告的形式报告。

note: type: Plain text
en: ERC is imperfect and cannot detect all errors, but it can detect many common issues and oversights. All detected issues should be checked and addressed before proceeding. The quality of the ERC is directly related to the care taken in declaring <<pin-electrical-types,electrical pin properties>> during symbol creation. If symbols are designed incorrectly, ERC will not report accurate information.
zh: ERC 不是完美的，无法检测所有的错误，但它可以检测到许多常见的问题和疏忽。在继续设计之前，所有检测到的问题都应该进行检查和处理。ERC 的质量与符号创建过程中声明<<pin-electrical-types,电气引脚属性>>的谨慎程度直接相关。如果符号设计不正确，ERC 将不会报告准确的信息。

note: type: Plain text
en: ERC can be started by clicking on the image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC icon] button in the top toolbar and clicking the **Run ERC** button.
zh: ERC 可以通过点击顶部工具栏的 image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC 图标] 按钮并点击 **运行 ERC** 按钮来启动。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC dialog
zh: ERC 对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: Any warnings or errors are reported in the **Violations** tab, and markers for each violation are placed in the schematic so that they point to the relevant part of the schematic. Warnings are indicated by yellow arrows, and errors have red arrows. Excluded violations are shown as green arrows.
zh: 任何警告或错误都会在 **违规行为** 标签中报告，每个违规行为的标记都会放在原理图中，指向原理图的相关部分。警告用黄色箭头表示，错误用红色箭头表示。被排除的违规行为显示为绿色箭头。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting a violation in the ERC window jumps to the selected violation
          marker in the schematic.
zh: 在 ERC 窗口中选择一个违规，就会跳转到原理图中相应的违规行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: The numbers at the bottom of the window show the number of errors, warnings, and exclusions. Each type of violation can be filtered from the list using the respective checkboxes. Clicking **Delete Markers** will clear all violations until ERC is run again.
zh: 窗口底部的数字显示错误、警告和排除的违规数量。每种类型的违规行为都可以用各自的复选框从列表中过滤出来。点击 **删除标记** 将清除所有违规行为，直到 ERC 再次运行。

note: type: Plain text
en: Violations can be right-clicked in the dialog to ignore them or change their severity:
zh: 可以在对话框中右键点击违规行为，以忽略它们或改变其严重程度：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Ignore ERC warning
zh: 忽略 ERC 警告

note: type: Plain text
en: *Exclude this violation:* ignores this particular violation, but does not
    affect any other violations.
zh: *排除此违规行为：* 忽略此特定违规行为，但不影响其他违规行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Change severity:* changes a type of violation from warning to error, or error
    to warning. This affects all violations of a given type.
zh: *改变严重程度：* 将一个违规类型从警告改为错误，或将错误改为警告。这会影响到给定类型的所有违规行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Ignore all:* ignores all violations of a given type. This test will now
    appear in the **Ignored Tests** tab rather than the **Violations** tab.
zh: *忽略所有：* 忽略所有给定类型的违规行为。这个测试现在将出现在 **忽略的测试** 标签，而不是 **违规** 标签。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also exclude the selected marker with **Inspect** -> **Exclude Marker**, and show or hide each category of marker (errors, warnings, and exclusions) with the **View** menu.
zh: 你也可以用 **检查** -> **排除标记** 排除所选标记，用 **查看** 菜单显示或隐藏每一类标记（错误、警告和排除）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Excluded and ignored violations are remembered between runs of the design rule checker.
zh: 在设计规则检查器运行期间，排除的和忽略的违规行为会被记住。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC example
zh: ERC 例子

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC pointers
zh: ERC 的指向

note: type: Plain text
en: There are three errors in the screenshot above.
zh: 在上面的截图中，有三个错误。

note: type: Plain text
en: Two outputs have been connected together (red arrow at right).
zh: 两个输出被连接在一起（右边的红色箭头）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Two inputs have been left unconnected (red arrows at left). This is actually two errors per pin: each pin is unconnected, and each pin is an input pin that is not driven by an output pin.
zh: 有两个输入没有连接（左边的红色箭头）。实际上每个引脚都有两个错误：引脚未连接，而且每个引脚都是没有被输出引脚驱动的输入引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting an ERC marker displays a description of the violation in the message pane at the bottom of the window.
zh: 选择一个 ERC 标记会在窗口底部的信息窗格中显示违规描述。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC violation description in message pane
zh: 信息窗格中的 ERC 违规描述

note: type: Title ====
en: Power pins and power flags
zh: 电源引脚和电源标志

note: type: Plain text
en: It is common to have an "Input Power pin not driven by any Output Power pins" error on power pins, as shown in the example below, even though the power pins seem to be properly connected to a power rail. This happens in designs where the power is provided through connectors or other components that are not marked as power outputs. In these cases ERC won't detect any Output Power pins connected to the net and will determine the Input Power pin is not driven by a power source.
zh: 如下面的例子所示，在电源引脚上出现 "输入电源引脚未被任何输出电源引脚驱动" 的错误是很常见的，即使电源引脚似乎正确地连接到电源导线。这种情况发生在通过连接器或其他没有被标记为电源输出的元件提供电源的设计中。在这些情况下，ERC 不会检测到任何连接到网络的输出电源引脚，而会判断输入电源引脚没有被电源驱动。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power pins and error flags
zh: 电源引脚和错误标志

note: type: Plain text
en: To avoid this warning, connect the net to `PWR_FLAG` symbol on such a power net as shown in the following example. The `PWR_FLAG` symbol is found in the `power` symbol library. Alternatively, connect any power output pin to the net; `PWR_FLAG` is simply a symbol with a single power output pin.
zh: 为了避免这个警告，可以将类似的电源网络连接到 `PWR_FLAG` 符号上，如下例所示。`PWR_FLAG` 符号可以在 `power` 符号库中找到。当然，也可以将任意电源输出引脚连接到该网络；`PWR_FLAG` 只是一个具有单一电源输出引脚的符号。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power pins with PWR_FLAGs
zh: 带有 PWR_FLAG 的电源引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Ground nets often need a `PWR_FLAG` as well, because voltage regulators have outputs declared as power outputs, but their ground pins are typically marked as power inputs. Therefore grounds can appear unconnected to a source unless a `PWR_FLAG` symbol is used.
zh: 接地网络通常也需要一个 `PWR_FLAG`，因为电压调节器的输出被声明为电源输出，但其接地引脚通常被标记为电源输入。因此，除非使用 `PWR_FLAG` 符号，否则地线可能看起来没有与电源相连。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information about power pins and power flags, see the <<pwr-flag,`PWR_FLAG` documentation>>.
zh: 关于电源引脚和电源标志的更多信息，请参见<<pwr-flag,`PWR_FLAG` 文档>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC Configuration
zh: ERC 配置

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Violation Severity** panel in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> lets you configure what types of ERC messages should be reported as Errors, Warnings, or ignored.
zh: <<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中的 **违规严重性** 面板让你配置哪些类型的 ERC 应被报告为错误、警告或忽略。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic ERC severity settings
zh: 原理图 ERC 严重程度设置

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Pin Conflicts Map** panel in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> allows you to configure connectivity rules to define electrical conditions for errors and warnings based on what types of pins are connected to each other. For example, by default an error is produced when an output pin is connected to another output pin.
zh: <<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中的 **引脚冲突映射** 面板允许你配置连接规则，根据哪些类型的引脚相互连接来定义错误和警告的电气条件。例如，默认情况下，当一个输出引脚与另一个输出引脚连接时，会产生错误。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic ERC Pin Conflicts Map
zh: 原理图 ERC 引脚冲突图

note: type: Plain text
en: Rules can be changed by clicking on the desired square of the matrix, causing it to cycle through the choices: allowed, warning, error.
zh: 可以通过点击矩阵中的方块来改变规则，使其在各种选择中循环：允许、警告、错误。

note: type: Title ====
en: List of ERC checks
zh: ERC 检查清单

note: type: Plain text
en: The table below lists the electrical rules that KiCad checks and the default violation severity for each check. All severities are configurable.
zh: 下表列出了 KiCad 检查的电气规则和每个检查的默认违规严重程度。所有严重程度都是可配置的。

note: TODO this one seems to be impossible to hit and may be removed from the type: Table
en: | Violation
      | Description
      | Default Severity
    | Pin not connected
      | All symbol pins must be connected to a net, unless the pin has a
        <<no-connection-symbol,no-connect flag>> or has electrical type Unconnected.
      | Error
    | Input pin not driven by any Output pins
      | All Input pins must be connected to an Output pin.
      | Error
    | Input Power pin not driven by any Output Power pins
      | All Input Power pins must be connected to an Output Power pin. A common
        cause of this violation is <<power-pins-and-power-flags,described above>>.
      | Error
    | A pin with a "no connection" flag is connected
      | Pins with <<no-connection-symbol,no connection flags>> cannot be connected
        to anything else.
      | Warning
    | Unconnected "no connection" flag
      | <<no-connection-symbol,No connection flags>> cannot be left unconnected.
        They must be connected to a pin or label.
      | Warning
    | Label not connected to anything
      | Global, hierarchical, and local labels must be connected to a pin or another
        label.
      | Error
    | Global label not connected anywhere else in the schematic
      | Global labels must appear multiple times in a schematic; otherwise they are
        not connecting anything.
      | Warning
    | Wires not connected to anything
      | Wires must be connected to a pin or label.
      | Error
    | Bus Entry needed
      | This violation only applies to projects imported from EAGLE projects. It
        indicates places where the importer was unable to automatically add bus
        entries to the imported schematic, so you must add them by hand.
      | Error
    | Symbol pin or wire end off grid
      | Symbol pins and wire ends need to be aligned to the grid in order to connect
        to each other.
      | Warning
    | Duplicate reference designators
      | Two symbols cannot have the same reference designator.
      | Error
    | Units of same symbol have different values
      | All units of a single symbol must have the same value.
      | Error
    | Different footprint assigned in another unit of the symbol
      | All units of a single symbol must have the same footprint assigned.
      | Error
    | Different net assigned to a shared pin in another unit of the symbol
      | Any pins that are shared between multiple units of a symbol must have the
        same net connected across all units.
      | Error
    | Duplicate sheet names within a given sheet
      | All hierarchical sheets within a given sheet must have unique names.
      | Error
    | Mismatch between hierarchical labels and sheet pins
      | All hierarchical labels must have a corresponding hierarchical sheet pin in
        the parent sheet, and all hierarchical sheet pins must have a matching
        hierarchical label in the child sheet.
      | Error
    | More than one name given given to this bus or net
      | Nets can only have a single name, so if multiple labels are attached to a
        net, one name will be selected and used as the canonical name.
      | Warning
    | Conflict between bus alias definitions across schematic sheets
      | If the same bus alias name is used in multiple sheets, the members of the
        alias must be the same for each sheet.
      | Error
    | Buses are graphically connected but share no bus members
zh: | 违规行为
      | 描述
      | 默认严重程度
    | 引脚未连接
      | 所有符号的引脚都必须连接到网络上，除非该引脚有
        <<no-connection-symbol,无连接标志>> 或其电气类型为无连接
      | 错误
    | 输入引脚没有被任何输出引脚驱动。
      | 所有的输入引脚都必须连接到一个输出引脚。
      | 错误
    | 输入电源引脚没有被任何输出电源引脚所驱动。
      | 所有的输入电源引脚都必须连接到一个输出电源引脚。 造成这种违规的常见原因
         <<power-pins-and-power-flags,如上所述。>>
      | 错误
    | 一个带有 "无连接" 标志的引脚被连接了
      | 带有 <<no-connection-symbol,无连接标志>>的引脚不能被连接
        到其它对象.
      | 警告
    | 未连接的 "无连接" 标志
      | <<no-connection-symbol,无连接标志>> 不能不连接。
        它们必须连接到一个引脚或标签上.
      | 警告
    | 标签没有连接到任何东西
      | 全局标签、层次标签和局部标签必须连接到一个引脚或另一个标签上。
        
      | 错误
    | 全局标签没有连接到原理图中的任意地方
      | 全局标签必须在原理图中多次出现，否则它们就
        没有任何连接。
      | 警告
    | 导线没有连接到任何东西
      | 导线必须连接到一个引脚或标签。
      | 错误
    | 需要总线入口
      | 这种违规行为只适用于从 EAGLE 工程导入的工程。
        它表示在某些地方，导入器无法自动将总线入口添加到导入的原理图中。
        因此你必须手工添加它们。
      | 错误
    | 符号引脚或导线端点不在网格上
      | 符号引脚和导线末端需要对准网格，以便
        相互连接。
      | 警告
    | 重复的位号
      | 两个符号不能有相同的位号。
      | 错误
    | 同一符号的单元有不同的值
      | 同一符号的所有单元必须具有相同的值。
      | 错误
    | 符号的另一个单元中分配了不同的封装。
      | 同一符号的所有单元必须有相同的封装分配。
      | 错误
    | 符号的另一个单元中的共享引脚分配的网络不同
      | 同一符号的多个单元之间共享的任何引脚必须在所有单元中连接相同的网络。
        
      | 错误
    | 同一个子原理图有重复的图纸名称
      | 所有层次结构的子原理图必须有唯一的图纸名称。
      | 错误
    | 层次标签和原理图页面符引脚不匹配。
      | 所有层次化标签必须对应父原理图中的层次化页面符引脚。
        所有的层次化页面符引脚必须在子原理图中存在对应的层次化标签
        
      | 错误
    | 该总线或网络的名称超过一个
      | 网络只能有一个名称，所以如果一个网络上有多个标签，
        将选择一个名称作为标准名称。
      | 警告
    | 不同原理图页面的总线别名定义冲突
      | 如果在多个原理图中使用相同的总线别名，
        每个原理图中的别名成员必须相同。
      | 错误
    | 总线在图形上有连接，但没有共享的总线成员

note: severity panel type: Table
en:   | Buses that are graphically connected must have bus members in common.
      | Error
    | Invalid connection between bus and net items
      | Buses cannot be connected to net items such as wires, labels referring to
        single nets, or sheet pins referring to single nets. Labels and sheet pins
        can only be connected to buses if they refer to buses rather than individual
        signals.
      | Error
    | Net is graphically connected to a bus but not a bus member
      | Nets can only be connected to a bus with a bus entry if they are a member of
        the bus.
      | Warning
    | Conflicting netclass assignments
      | Only one netclass can be assigned to a net.
      | Error
    | Symbol is not annotated
      | Symbols must be <<reference-designators-and-symbol-annotation,annotated with
        a unique reference designator>>.
      | Error
    | Unresolved text variable
      | Text variables (`${variable_name}`) must be defined in
        <<schematic-setup-text-variables,Schematic Setup>> before they can be used.
      | Error
    | SPICE model issue
      | SPICE models must not have syntax errors or other problems.
      | Error
    | Labels are similar (lower/upper case difference only)
      | If two labels are similar and differ only by the case of some letters, this
        may be a typo causing two labels to be disconnected when they are intended
        to be connected.
      | Warning
    | Library symbol issue
      a| Several symbol library issues are checked:
zh:   | 图形化连接的总线必须有共同的总线成员。
      | 错误
    | 总线和网络对象之间的连接无效
      | 总线不能与导线、代表单个网络的标签或页面符引脚等网络对象连接。
        标签和原理图页面符引脚只有在指代总线而不是单个信号时
        才能与总线连接。
        
      | 错误
    | 网络在图形上连接到总线，但不是总线成员
      | 网络只有在是总线的成员时，才能用总线入口连接到总线上。
      | 警告
    | 冲突的网络类分配
      | 一个网络只能分配一个网络类。
      | 错误
    | 符号没有被批注
      | 符号必须 <<reference-designators-and-symbol-annotation,用唯一的位号批注>>.
      | 错误
    | 无法解析的文本变量
      | 文本变量(`${variable_name}`) 必须在 <<schematic-setup,原理图设置>> 中定义，才可以被使用。
      | 错误
    | SPICE 模型问题
      | SPICE 模型不能有语法错误或其他问题。
      | 错误
    | 标签相似（仅小写/大写差异）
      | 如果两个标签相似，仅有几个字母大小写不同，
        打字错误就可能造成两个原本应当相连的网络
        没有连接。
      | 警告
    | 符号库问题
      a| 检查几个符号库问题：

note: type: Table
en: The symbol library for each symbol is included and enabled in the 
    <<managing-symbol-libraries, library table>>
zh: 每个符号的符号库都被包含在
    <<managing-symbol-libraries, 库表>>中

note: type: Table
en: Each symbol in the schematic exists in its symbol library
zh: 原理图中的每个符号都存在于其符号库中

note: type: Table
en: Each symbol in the schematic matches the copy in its symbol library
zh: 原理图中的每个符号与它的符号库中的副本相匹配

note: type: Table
en: | Warning
    | Symbol has more units than are defined
      | Symbols cannot have more units placed in the schematic than are defined in
        the symbol. Units in the schematic must correspond exactly to the symbol
        definition.
      | Error
    | Symbol has units that are not placed
      | All of the units in a multi-unit symbol should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has input pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with input pins that are not placed, so those
        input pins will not be connected to anything. All units with input pins
        should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has bidirectional pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with bidirectional pins that are not placed,
        so those bidirectional pins will not be connected to anything. All units
        with bidirectional pins should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has power input pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with power input pins that are not placed,
        so those power input pins will not be connected to anything. All units with
        power input pins should be placed in the schematic.
      | Error
    | Conflict problem between pins
      | Connections between pins must match the allowed connections in the
        <<erc-configuration,Pin Conflicts Map>>.
      | From Pin Conflicts Map
zh: | 警告
    | 符号的单元多于定义的单元
      | 符号在原理图中放置的单元不能多于符号中的定义。原理图中的单元必须与符号定义完全对应。
      | 错误
    | 符号中有未被放置的单元
      | 多单元符号中的所有单元都应放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号有未放置的输入引脚
      | 多单元符号中有单元的输入引脚没有被放置，所以这些输入引脚不会被连接到任何东西。所有带有输入引脚的单元都应该被放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号中有未被放置的双向引脚
      | 多单元符号有未被放置的双向引脚的单元，因此这些双向引脚不会连接到任何东西。所有具有双向引脚的单元都应该被放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号中有未被放置的电源输入引脚
      | 一个多单元符号有未被放置的电源输入引脚的单元，因此这些电源输入引脚将不会被连接到任何东西。所有带有电源输入引脚的单元都应放在原理图中。
      | 错误
    | 引脚之间的冲突问题
      | 引脚之间的连接必须符合<<erc-configuration,引脚冲突图映射表>>中的允许连接。
      |

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC report file
zh: ERC 报告文件

note: type: Plain text
en: An ERC report file can be generated and saved by clicking the **Save...** button in the ERC dialog. The file extension for ERC report files is `.rpt`. An example ERC report file is given below.
zh: 可以通过点击 ERC 对话框中的 **保存...** 按钮来生成和保存 ERC 报告文件。ERC 报告文件的扩展名为 `.rpt`。下面给出一个 ERC 报告文件的例子。

note: type: Title ==
en: Introduction to the KiCad Schematic Editor
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器简介

note: type: Title ===
en: Description
zh: 描述

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad Schematic Editor is a schematic capture software distributed as a part of KiCad and available under the following operating systems:
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器用于原理图设计，属于 KiCad 的发行的一部分，可在以下操作系统下使用：

note: type: Plain text
en: Apple macOS
zh: Apple OS X

note: type: Plain text
en: Regardless of the OS, all KiCad files are 100% compatible from one OS to another.
zh: 无论是什么操作系统，所有的 KiCad 文件都能 100% 兼容所有操作系统。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor is an integrated application where all functions of drawing, control, layout, library management and access to the PCB design software are carried out within the editor itself.
zh: 原理图编辑器是一个集成的应用程序，所有绘图、控制、布局、库管理和访问 PCB 编辑器功能都在原理图编辑器中进行。

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad Schematic Editor is intended to cooperate with the KiCad PCB Editor, which is KiCad's printed circuit design software. It can also export netlist files, which lists all the electrical connections, for other packages.
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器旨在与 KiCad PCB 编辑器协同，后者是 KiCad 的印刷电路设计软件。它还可以为其他软件包输出网表文件，网表列出了所有的电气连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor includes a symbol library editor, which can create and edit symbols and manage libraries.  It also integrates the following additional but essential functions needed for modern schematic capture software:
zh: 原理图编辑器包括一个符号库编辑器，它可以创建和编辑符号并管理库。 它还集成了现代原理图设计软件所需的额外但基本的功能：

note: type: Plain text
en: Electrical rules check (ERC) for the automatic control of incorrect and missing connections
zh: 电气规则检查（ERC），用于自动查找错误和缺失的连接

note: type: Plain text
en: Export of plot files in many formats (Postscript, PDF, HPGL, and SVG)
zh: 以多种格式导出绘图文件（Postscript，PDF，HPGL 和 SVG）

note: type: Plain text
en: Bill of Materials generation (via Python or XSLT scripts, which allow many flexible formats).
zh: 物料清单生成（通过 Python 或 XSLT 脚本，允许许多灵活的格式）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor supports multi-sheet schematics in several ways:
zh: 原理图编辑器以几种方式支持多原理图设计：

note: type: Plain text
en: Flat hierarchies (schematic sheets are not explicitly connected in a master diagram).
zh: 扁平的层次结构（原理图页面在主图中没有明确的连接）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Simple hierarchies (each schematic sheet is used only once).
zh: 简单的层次结构（每张原理图只使用一次）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Complex hierarchies (some schematic sheets are used multiple times).
zh: 复杂的层次结构（有些原理图页面被多次使用）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical schematics are described in detail <<hierarchical-schematics,later in the manual>>.
zh: 层次结构原理图会<<hierarchical-schematics,在后续章节>>详细描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Initial Configuration
zh: 初始配置

note: type: Plain text
en: When the Schematic Editor is run for the first time, if the the global symbol library table file `sym-lib-table` is not found in the KiCad configuration folder then KiCad will ask how to create this file:
zh: 当原理图编辑器首次运行时，如果在 KiCad 配置文件夹中没有找到全局符号库表文件 `sym-lib-table`，那么 KiCad 将询问如何创建该文件：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol library table initial configuration
zh: 符号库表的初始配置

note: type: Plain text
en: The first option is recommended (*Copy default global symbol library table (recommended)*). The default symbol library table includes all of the standard symbol libraries that are installed as part of KiCad.
zh: 推荐使用第一个选项（*复制默认全局符号库表（推荐）*）。默认的符号库表包括所有标准符号库，作为 KiCad 的一部分安装。

note: type: Plain text
en: If this option is disabled, KiCad was unable to find the default global symbol library table. This probably means you did not install the standard symbol libraries with KiCad, or they are not installed where KiCad expects to find them. On some systems the KiCad libraries are installed as a separate package.
zh: 如果该选项被禁用，则 KiCad 无法找到默认的全局符号库表。这可能意味着你没有和 KiCad 一起安装标准符号库，或者它们没有被安装在 KiCad 期望找到的地方。在某些系统中，KiCad 库是作为一个单独的软件包安装的）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you have installed the standard KiCad symbol libraries and want to use them, but the first option is disabled, select the second option and browse to the `sym-lib-table` file in the directory where the KiCad libraries were installed.
zh: 如果你已经安装了标准的 KiCad 符号库并想使用它们，但第一个选项被禁用，请选择第二个选项并浏览到安装 KiCad 库的目录中的 `sym-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you already have a custom symbol library table that you would like to use, select the second option and browse to your `sym-lib-table` file.
zh: 如果你已经有一个你想使用的自定义符号库表，选择第二个选项并浏览你的 `sym-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you want to construct a new symbol library table from scratch, select the third option.
zh: 如果你想从头开始构建一个新的符号库表，选择第三个选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol library management is described in more detail <<managing-symbol-libraries,later>>.
zh: 符号库管理将在<<managing-symbol-libraries,待续>>中详细描述。

note: type: Title ===
en: The Schematic Editor User Interface
zh: 原理图编辑器的用户界面

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic Editor overview
zh: 原理图编辑器概览

note: type: Plain text
en: The main Schematic Editor user interface is shown above. The center contains the main editing canvas, which is surrounded by:
zh: 原理图编辑器的主要用户界面如上图所示。中间包含主编辑画布，其周围有：

note: type: Plain text
en: Top toolbars (file management, zoom tools, editing tools)
zh: 顶部工具栏（文件管理、缩放工具、编辑工具）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Left toolbar (display options)
zh: 左侧工具栏（显示选项）

note: type: Plain text
en: Message panel and status bar at bottom
zh: 信息面板和底部的状态栏

note: type: Plain text
en: Right panel (drawing and design tools)
zh: 右侧面板（绘图和设计工具）

note: type: Title ===
en: Navigating the editing canvas
zh: 浏览编辑画布

note: type: Plain text
en: The editing canvas displays the schematic being designed. You can pan and zoom to different parts of the schematic and open any schematic sheet in the design.
zh: 编辑画布显示正在设计的原理图。你可以平移和缩放到原理图的不同部分，并打开设计中的任何原理图页。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, dragging with the middle or right mouse button will pan the canvas view and scrolling the mouse wheel will zoom the view in or out. You can change this behavior in the Mouse and Touchpad section of the preferences (see <<configuration-and-customization,Configuration and Customization>> for details).
zh: 默认情况下，用鼠标中键或右键拖动会平移画布视图，滚动鼠标滚轮会放大或缩小视图。你可以在偏好设置中的鼠标和触摸板部分改变这一行为（详见<<configuration-and-customization,配置和定制>> ）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several other zoom tools are available in the top toolbar:
zh: 在顶部的工具栏中还有其他几个缩放工具：

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[Zoom In icon] zooms in on the center of the viewport.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[放大图标] 放大视口中心。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[Zoom Out icon] zooms out from the center of the viewport.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[缩小图标] 缩小视口中心。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[Zoom to Page icon] zooms to fit the frame around the drawing sheet.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[放大到页面图标] 放大到适合原理图页大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[Zoom to Objects icon] zooms to fit every item in the schematic (not including the drawing sheet). For instance, if there are items placed outside of the drawing sheet, they will be visible after zooming to objects.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[缩放到对象图标] 缩放到适合原理图中的每个对象（不包括图框）。例如，如果有对象放置在图框之外，在放大到对象之后，它们就会显现出来。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[Zoom to Selection icon] allows you to draw a box to determine the zoomed area.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[缩放到选择图标] 允许你画一个方框来确定缩放的区域。

note: type: Plain text
en: The cursor's current position is displayed at the bottom of the window (X and Y), along with the current zoom factor (Z), the cursor's relative position (dx, dy, and dist), the grid setting, and the display units.
zh: 光标的当前位置显示在窗口的底部（X 和 Y），还有当前的缩放系数（Z）、光标的相对位置（dx、dy 和 dist）、网格设置和显示单位。

note: type: Plain text
en: The relative coordinates can be reset to zero by pressing kbd:[Space]. This is useful for measuring distance between two points or aligning objects.
zh: 按 kbd:[Space] 可以将相对坐标重置为零(dx, dy, and dist)。这对于测量两点之间的距离或对齐物体很有用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Hotkeys
zh: 快捷键

note: type: Plain text
en: The kbd:[Ctrl+F1] shortcut displays the current hotkey list. The default hotkey list is included in the <<eeschema-actions-reference,Actions Reference>> section of the manual.
zh: 按 kbd:[Ctrl+F1] 快捷键显示当前快捷键列表。默认的快捷键列表包括在本手册的 <<eeschema-actions-reference,操作参考>> 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The hotkeys described in this manual use the key labels that appear on a standard PC keyboard. On an Apple keyboard layout, use the kbd:[Cmd] key in place of kbd:[Ctrl], and the kbd:[Option] key in place of kbd:[Alt].
zh: 本手册中描述的快捷键使用了标准 PC 键盘上的按键布局。在苹果键盘布局中，使用 kbd:[Cmd] 键来代替 kbd:[Ctrl]，使用 kbd:[Option] 键来代替 kbd:[Alt]。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many actions do not have hotkeys assigned by default, but hotkeys can be assigned or redefined using the hotkey editor (**Preferences** -> **Preferences...** -> **<<preferences-controls,Hotkeys>>**).
zh: 许多操作默认没有分配快捷键，但可以使用快捷键编辑器（**偏好设置** -> **偏好设置...** -> **<<preferences-controls,快捷键>>**）分配或重新定义快捷键。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many of the actions available through hotkeys are also available in context menus. To access the context menu, right-click in the editing canvas.  Different actions will be available depending on what is selected or what tool is active.
zh: 许多通过快捷键进行的操作也可以在上下文菜单中使用。要访问上下文菜单，在编辑画布上点击右键。 根据所选择的内容或所使用的工具，将有不同的操作。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hotkeys are stored in the file `user.hotkeys` in KiCad's configuration directory. The location is platform-specific:
zh: 快捷键存储在 KiCad 的配置目录下的 `user.hotkeys` 文件中。这个位置是平台相关的：

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can import hotkey settings from a `user.hotkeys` file using the **Import Hotkeys** button in the hotkey editor.
zh: KiCad 可以使用快捷键编辑器中的 **导入快捷键** 按钮从 `user.hotkeys` 文件中导入快捷键设置。

note: type: Title ===
en: Mouse operations and selection
zh: 鼠标操作和选择

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting items in the editing canvas is done with the left mouse button.  Single-clicking on an object will select it. Clicking and dragging will perform a box selection. A box selection from left to right will only select items that are fully inside the box. A box selection from right to left will select any items that touch the box. A left-to-right selection box is drawn in yellow, with a cursor that indicates exclusive selection, and a right-to-left selection box is drawn in blue with a cursor that indicates inclusive selection.
zh: 使用鼠标左键选择编辑画布中的对象。 单击一个对象将选择它。点击并拖动将执行一个框选。从左到右的框选将只选择完全在框内的对象。从右到左的方框选择将选择任何接触到方框的对象。从左到右的选择框是用黄色画的，光标表示排他性选择，从右到左的选择框是用蓝色画的，光标表示包容性选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: The selection action can be modified by holding modifier keys while clicking or dragging. The following modifier keys apply when clicking to select single items:
zh: 在点击或拖动时按住辅助按键，可以修改选择动作。在点击选择单个对象时，以下辅助键适用：

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Keys (Windows) | Modifier Keys (Linux)   | Modifier Keys (macOS)
      | Selection Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Cmd]
      | Toggle selection.
    | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]
      | Add the item to the existing selection.
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | Remove the item from the existing selection.
    | long click              | long click or kbd:[Alt] | long click or kbd:[Option]
      | Clarify selection from a pop-up menu.
zh: | 辅助键 (Windows) | 辅助键 (Linux) | 辅助键 (macOS)
      | 选择效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Cmd]
      | 切换选择。
    | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]
      | 将对象添加到现有的选择中。
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | 从现有的选择中删除对象。
    | 长按              | 长按或 kbd:[Alt] | 长按或 kbd:[Option]
      | 从弹出菜单中澄清选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following modifier keys apply when dragging to perform a box selection:
zh: 以下辅助键适用于使用拖拽执行框选操作时：

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Keys (Windows)   | Modifier Keys (Linux)     | Modifier Keys (macOS)
      | Selection Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Cmd]
      | Toggle selection.
    | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift]
      | Add item(s) to the existing selection.
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | Remove item(s) from the existing selection.
zh: | 辅助键 (Windows) | 辅助键 (Linux) | 辅助键 (macOS)
      | 选择效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Cmd]
      | 切换选择。
    | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift]
      | 在现有的选择中添加对象。
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | 从现有的选择中删除对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting an object displays information about the object in the message panel at the bottom of the window. Double-clicking an object opens a window to edit the object's properties.
zh: 选择一个对象会在窗口底部的信息面板上显示该对象的信息。双击一个对象可以打开一个窗口来编辑该对象的属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pressing kbd:[Esc] will always cancel the current tool or operation and return to the selection tool. Pressing kbd:[Esc] while the selection tool is active will clear the current selection.
zh: 按 kbd:[Esc] 将取消当前的工具或操作并返回到选择工具。在选择工具处于活动状态时按下 kbd:[Esc] 将清除当前的选择。

note: type: Title ===
en: Left toolbar display controls
zh: 左侧工具栏显示控制

note: type: Plain text
en: The left toolbar provides options to change the display of items in the Schematic Editor.
zh: 左侧工具栏提供了改变原理图编辑器中对象显示的选项。

note: type: Table
en: | image:images/icons/grid_24.png[grid visibility icon]
        | Turns grid display on/off.
    
        *Note:* by default, hiding the grid will disable grid snapping.
        This behavior can be changed in the Display Options section of Preferences.
    
    | image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[inch unit icon]
    
      image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[mil unit icon]
    
      image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[millimeter unit icon]
        | Display/entry of coordinates and dimensions in inches, mils, or millimeters.
    
    | image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[cursor shape icon]
        | Switches between full-screen and small editing cursor (crosshairs).
    
    | image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[hidden pin icon]
        | Turns invisible pin display on/off.
    
    | image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon]
    
      image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90deg angle wire icon]
    
      image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45deg angle wire icon]
    
        | Switches between free angle, 90 degree mode, and 45 degree mode for
          placement of new wires, buses, and graphical lines.
    
    | image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[hierarchy navigator icon]
        | Opens and closes the docked hierarchy navigator pane.
zh: | image:images/icons/grid_24.png[网格可见性图标]
        | 打开/关闭网格显示。
    
        *注意：* 默认情况下，隐藏网格将禁用网格捕捉功能。这个行为可以在偏好设置中的显示选项部分改变。
    
    | image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[英寸单位图标]
    
      image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[密尔单位图标]
    
      image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[毫米单位图标]
        | 以英寸、mil或毫米为单位显示/输入坐标和尺寸。
    
    | image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[光标形状图标]
        | 在全屏十字光标和小的编辑光标之间切换。
    
    | image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[隐藏的引脚图标]
        | 打开/关闭隐藏引脚的显示。
    
    | image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[自由角度的线图标]
        | 在自由角度和水平/垂直之间进行切换。
    
    | image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 度角导线图标]
    
        | 放置导线、总线及图形线时，在自由角度、90 度模式和 45 度模式之间切换。
    
    | image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[层次结构导航器图标]
        | 打开和关闭停靠的层次结构导航面板。

note: type: Title ==
en: Schematic Creation and Editing
zh: 原理图创建和编辑

note: type: Plain text
en: A schematic designed with KiCad is more than a simple graphic representation of an electronic device. It is normally the entry point of a development chain that allows for:
zh: 用 KiCad 设计的原理图不仅仅是一个电子设计的简单图形表示。它通常是开发链的切入点，可用于：

note: type: Plain text
en: Validating against a set of rules (<<erc,Electrical Rules Check>>) to detect errors and omissions.
zh: 根据一套规则（<<erc,电气规则检查>>）进行验证，以发现错误和遗漏。

note: type: Plain text
en: Automatically generating a <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,bill of materials>>.
zh: 自动生成<<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,物料清单>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,Generating a netlist>> for simulation software such as SPICE.
zh: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,生成网表>>用于仿真软件，如 SPICE。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,Defining a circuit>> for transferring to PCB layout.
zh: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,定义电路>>，同步到 PCB 布局布线。

note: type: Plain text
en: A schematic mainly consists of symbols, wires, labels, junctions, buses and power symbols. For clarity in the schematic, you can place purely graphical elements like bus entries, comments, and polylines.
zh: 原理图主要由符号、导线、标签、结点、总线和电源符号组成。为了使原理图更清晰，你可以放置纯图形元素，如总线入口、注释和折线。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols are added to the schematic from symbol libraries. After the schematic is made, the set of connections and footprints is imported into the PCB editor for designing a board.
zh: 符号是从符号库中添加到原理图中的。原理图制作完成后，网络连接和封装的集合被导入 PCB 编辑器，用于设计电路板。

note: type: Plain text
en: Schematics can be contained in a single sheet or split among multiple sheets. In KiCad, multi-sheet schematics are organized hierarchically, with a root sheet and sub-sheet(s). Each sheet is its own `.kicad_sch` file and is itself a complete KiCad schematic. Working with hierarchical schematics is described in the <<hierarchical-schematics,Hierarchical Schematics>> chapter.
zh: 原理图可以使用单一的原理图页面，也可以分割成多个原理图页面。在 KiCad 中，多张原理图是按层次组织的，有一个根原理图和子原理图。每个原理图都是它自己的 `.kicad_sch` 文件，它本身就是一个完整的 KiCad 原理图。层次原理图的工作在<<hierarchical-schematics,层次原理图>>章节中描述。

note: type: Title ===
en: Schematic editing operations
zh: 原理图编辑操作

note: type: Plain text
en: Schematic editing tools are located in the right toolbar.  When a tool is activated, it stays active until a different tool is selected or the tool is canceled with the kbd:[Esc] key. The selection tool is always activated when any other tool is canceled.
zh: 原理图编辑工具位于右侧工具栏中。 当一个工具被激活时，它将一直处于活动状态，直到选择了另一个工具或用 kbd:[Esc] 键取消该工具。当其他工具被取消时，选择工具总是被激活。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[Selection tool icon]
    |Selection tool (the default tool)
    
    |image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[Highlight net icon]
    |Highlight a net by marking its wires and net labels with a different color.
    If the PCB Editor is also open then copper corresponding to the selected net
    will be highlighted as well. Net highlighting can be cleared by clicking with
    the highlight tool in an empty space, or by using the Clear Net Highlighting
    hotkey (kbd:[~]).
    
    |image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[New Symbol icon]
    |Display the symbol selector dialog to place a new symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[Add Power icon]
    |Display the power symbol selector dialog to place a new power symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[Draw Wire icon]
    |Draw a wire.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[Draw Bus icon]
    |Draw a bus.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line2bus_24.png[Draw wire to bus icon]
    |Draw wire-to-bus entry points. These elements are only graphical and do not create
    a connection, thus they should not be used to connect wires together.
    
    |image:images/icons/noconn_24.png[draw no connect flag icon]
    |Place a "No Connect" flag. These flags should be placed on symbol pins which
    are meant to be left unconnected. "No connect" flags indicate to the Electrical
    Rule Checker that the pin is intentionally unconnected and not an error.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[place junction icon]
    |Place a junction. This connects two crossing wires or a wire and a pin, which
    can sometimes be ambiguous without a junction (i.e. if a wire end or a pin is
    not directly connected to another wire end).
    
    |image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[Local label icon]
    |Place a local label. Local labels connect items located **in the same sheet**.
    For connections between two different sheets, use global or hierarchical labels.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_class_flag_24.png[Local label icon]
    |Place a net class directive label.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[Global label icon]
    |Place a global label. All global labels with the same name are connected, even
    when located on different sheets.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[Hierarchical label icon]
    |Place a hierarchical label. Hierarchical labels are used to create a connection
    between a subsheet and the sheet's parent sheet. See the
    <<hierarchical-schematics,Hierarchical Schematics>> section for more information
    about hierarchical labels, sheets, and pins.
    
    
    |image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[Hierarchical subsheet icon]
    |Place a hierarchical subsheet. You must specify the file name for this subsheet.
    
    |image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[Import hierarchical label icon]
    |Import a hierarchical pin from a subsheet. This command can be executed only on
    hierarchical subsheets. It will create hierarchical pins corresponding to hierarchical
    labels placed in the target subsheet.
    
    |image:images/icons/text_24.png[place text icon]
    |Place a text comment.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_textbox_24.png[place textbox icon]
    |Place a text box.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[draw rectangle icon]
    |Draw a rectangle.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[draw circle icon]
    |Draw a circle.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[draw arc icon]
    |Draw an arc.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_dashed_line_24.png[draw dashed line icon]
    |Draw lines.
    
    *Note:* Lines are graphical objects and are not the same as wires
    placed with the Wire tool. They do not connect anything.
    
    |image:images/icons/image_24.png[place bitmap icon]
    |Place a bitmap image.
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_cursor_24.png[interactive delete tool icon]
    |Delete clicked items.
zh: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[选择工具图标]
    |选择工具（默认工具）
    
    |image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[高亮网络的图标]
    |如果 PCB 编辑器也处于打开状态，那么与所选网络相对应的对象也会被高亮显示。可以用高亮工具在空白处点击来清除网络高亮，或者使用清除网络高亮的快捷键（kbd:[~]）来清除。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[新建符号图标]
    |打开符号选择器对话框来放置一个新的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[添加电源图标]
    |打开电源符号选择器对话框，放置一个新的电源符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[画导线图标]
    |画一条导线。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[画总线图标]
    |画总线。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line2bus_24.png[画导线到总线的图标]
    |绘制导线到总线的入口。这些元素只是图形化的，并不产生连接，因此它们不应该被用来连接不同导线。
    
    |image:images/icons/noconn_24.png[绘制无连接标志的图标]
    |放置一个 "不连接" 标志。这些标志应该放置在那些无需连接的符号引脚上。"不连接" 标志向电气规则检查器表明，该引脚是故意不连接的，而不是一个错误。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[放置结点图标]
    |放置一个结点。连接了两根交叉的导线或一根电线和一个引脚，如果没有结点，有时会产生歧义（即如果一个导线端点或一个引脚没有直接连接到另一个电线的端点）。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[局部标签图标]
    |放置一个局部标签。局部标签可以连接位于 **同一原理图页的** 对象。对于两个不同原理图之间的连接，请使用全局或分层标签。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[全局标签图标]
    |放置一个全局标签。所有具有相同名称的全局标签都会被连接起来，即使位于不同的原理图上。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[层次标签图标]
    |放置一个层次标签。层次标签用于在子原理图和该子原理图的父原理图之间建立联系。关于分层标签、原理图和页码的更多信息，请参见<<hierarchical-schematics,层次原理图>>部分。
    
    
    |image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[层次子原理图图标]
    |放置一个层次的子原理图。必须指定这个子原理图的文件名。
    
    |image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[导入层次标签图标]
    |从子原理图中导入层次原理图引脚。这个命令只能在层次结构设计中执行。它会根据对应的子原理图层次标签创建原理图层次引脚并进行放置。
    
    |image:images/icons/text_24.png[放置文本图标]
    |放置一个文字注释。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_textbox_24.png[放置文本框图标]
    |放置一个文本框。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[绘制矩形图标]
    |绘制一个矩形
    
    |image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[绘制圆形图标]
    |绘制一个圆形。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[绘制圆弧图标]
    |绘制一个圆弧。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_dashed_line_24.png[绘制虚线图标]
    |绘制一条线条。
    
    *注意：* 线条是图形对象，与用导线工具放置的导线不同。它们并不连接任何东西。
    
    |image:images/icons/image_24.png[放置位图图标]
    |放置一个位图图像。
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_cursor_24.png[交互式删除工具图标]
    |删除点击的对象。

note: type: Title ===
en: Grids
zh: 网格

note: type: Plain text
en: In the Schematic Editor the cursor always moves over a grid. The grid can be customized:
zh: 在原理图编辑器中，光标总是在一个网格上移动。网格可以自定义：

note: type: Plain text
en: Size can be changed using the right click menu or using **View** -> **Grid Properties...**.
zh: 网格大小可以通过右键菜单或使用 **视图** -> **网格属性...** 来改变。

note: type: Plain text
en: Color can be changed in the **Colors** page of the **Preferences** dialog (menu **Preferences** -> **General Options**).
zh: 颜色可以在 **偏好设置** 对话框的 **颜色** 页中改变（菜单 **偏好设置** -> **常规选项**）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Visibility can be switched using the left-hand toolbar button.
zh: 可见性可以通过左侧工具栏按钮进行切换。

note: type: Plain text
en: The default grid size is 50 mil (0.050") or 1.27 millimeters.
zh: 默认的网格尺寸是 50 mil（0.050 英寸）或 1.27 mm。

note: type: Plain text
en: This is the recommended grid for placing symbols and wires in a schematic, and for placing pins when designing a symbol in the Symbol Editor.
zh: 这是推荐的网格，用于在原理图中放置符号和导线，以及在符号编辑器中设计符号时放置引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires connect with other wires or pins only if their ends coincide
          *exactly*. Therefore it is very important to keep symbol pins and wires
          aligned to the grid. It is recommended to always use a 50 mil grid when
          placing symbols and drawing wires because the KiCad standard symbol
          library and all libraries that follow its style also use a 50 mil grid.
          *Using a grid size other than 50 mil will result in schematics without
          proper connectivity!*
zh: 导线只有在两端完全重合的情况下才能与其他导线或引脚连接。因此，保持符号引脚和导线与网格对齐是非常重要的。建议在放置符号和绘制导线时始终使用 50 mil 的网格，因为 KiCad 标准符号库和所有遵循其风格的库也使用 50 mil 的网格。*使用 50 mil 以外的网格尺寸将导致原理图没有正确的连接！*。

note: type: Plain text
en: Smaller grids can also be used, but this is intended only for text and symbol graphics, and not recommended for placing pins and wires.
zh: 也可以使用较小的网格，但这只适用于文本和符号图形，不建议用于放置引脚和导线。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols, wires, and other elements that are not aligned to the grid can be
          snapped back to the grid by selecting them, right clicking, and clicking
          **Align Elements to Grid**.
zh: 符号、导线和其他没有对准网格的元素，可以通过选择它们，点击右键，并点击 **将元素对准网格**，将它们重新对准网格。

note: type: Title ===
en: Snapping
zh: 捕捉

note: type: Plain text
en: Schematic elements such as symbols, wires, text, and graphic lines are snapped to the grid when moving, dragging, and drawing them. Additionally, the wire tool snaps to pins even when grid snapping is disabled. Both grid and pin snapping can be disabled while moving the mouse by using the modifier keys in the table below.
zh: 符号、导线、文本和图形线等原理图元素在移动、拖动和绘制时都会被固定在网格上。此外，即使在禁用网格捕捉的情况下，导线工具也会捕捉到引脚。在移动鼠标时，可以通过使用下表中的辅助键来禁用网格和引脚的捕捉。

note: type: Plain text
en: On Apple keyboards, use the kbd:[Cmd] key instead of kbd:[Ctrl].
zh: 在苹果键盘上，使用 kbd:[Cmd] 键而不是 kbd:[Ctrl]。

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Key | Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | Disable grid snapping.
    | kbd:[Shift] | Disable snapping wires to pins.
zh: | 辅助键 | 效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | 禁用网格捕捉。
    | kbd:[Shift] | 禁用将导线捕捉在引脚上。

note: type: Title ===
en: Editing object properties
zh: 编辑对象属性

note: type: Plain text
en: All objects have properties that are editable in a dialog. Use the hotkey kbd:[E] or select Properties from the right-click context menu to edit the properties of selected item(s). You can only open the properties dialog if all the items you have selected are of the same type. To edit the properties of different types of items at one time, see the section below on bulk editing tools.
zh: 所有对象都可在对话框中编辑属性。使用快捷键 kbd:[E] 或从右键菜单中选择属性来编辑所选对象的属性。只有当你选择的所有对象都是同一类型时，你才能打开属性对话框。要想一次编辑不同类型的项目的属性，请参阅下面关于批量编辑工具的章节。

note: type: Plain text
en: In properties dialogs, any field that contains a numeric value can also accept a basic math expression that results in a numeric value. For example, a dimension may be entered as `2 * 2mm`, resulting in a value of `4mm`. Basic arithmetic operators as well as parentheses for defining order of operations are supported.
zh: 在属性对话框中，任何包含数字值的字段也可以接受一个基本的数学表达式，从而得到一个数字值。例如，一个尺寸可以被输入为 `2 * 2 mm`，结果是 `4 mm` 的值。支持基本算术运算符以及用于定义运算顺序的圆括号。

note: type: Title ===
en: Working with symbols
zh: 使用符号

note: type: Title ====
en: Placing symbols
zh: 放置符号

note: type: Plain text
en: To place a symbol in your schematic, use the image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[New Symbol icon] button or the kbd:[A] hotkey. The Choose Symbols dialog appears and lets you select a symbol to add.  Symbols are grouped by symbol library.
zh: 要将符号摆放到原理图中，可以使用图标 image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[新建符号图标] 或者快捷键 kbd:[A] 。 出现选择符号对话框，让您选择要添加的符号。 符号按符号库分组。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Choose Component dialog
zh: 选择元件对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, only the symbol/library name and description columns are shown.  Additional columns can be added by right-clicking the column header and selecting **Select Columns**.
zh: 默认情况下，仅显示符号/库名称和描述列。 可以通过右键单击列标题并选择“**选择列**”来添加其他列。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Choose Symbol dialog filters symbols by name, keywords, description, and all additional symbol fields according to what you type into the search field.
zh: “选择符号”对话框根据您在搜索字段中键入的内容，按名称、关键字、描述和所有其他符号字段过滤符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some advanced filters are available:
zh: 有一些高级筛选器可用：

note: type: Plain text
en: *Wildcards:* `*` matches any number of any characters, including none, and `?`
    matches any single character.
zh: *通配符：* `*` 匹配任意数量的任意字符，包括无字符，而 `?` 匹配任意单个字符。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Key-value pairs:* if a library part's description or keywords contain a tag
    of the format "Key:123", you can match relative to that by typing
    "Key>123" (greater than), "Key<123" (less than), etc. Numbers may include
    one of the following case-insensitive suffixes:
zh: *键值对：* 如果一个库部分的描述或关键词包含一个格式为 "Key:123" 的标签，你可以通过输入 "Key>123"（大于）、"Key<123"（小于）等进行相对匹配。数字可以包括以下不区分大小写的后缀之一。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Regular expressions:* if you're familiar with regular expressions, these
    can be used too. The regular expression flavor used is the
    http://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[wxWidgets
    Advanced Regular Expression style], which is similar to Perl regular
    expressions.
zh: *正则表达式：* 如果您熟悉正则表达式，也可以使用。 使用的正则表达式风格是 http://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[wxWidgets 高级正则表达式风格]，类似于 Perl 正则表达式。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the symbol specifies a default footprint, this footprint will be previewed in the lower right. If the symbol includes footprint filters, alternate footprints that satisfy the footprint filters can be selected in the footprint dropdown menu at right.
zh: 如果符号指定了一个默认的封装，这个封装将在右下方预览。如果符号包括封装过滤器，可以在右边的封装下拉菜单中选择满足封装过滤器的备用封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: After selecting a symbol to place, the symbol will be attached to the cursor.  Left clicking the desired location in the schematic places the symbol into the schematic. Before placing the symbol in the schematic, you can rotate it, mirror it, and edit its fields, by either using the hotkeys or the right-click context menu. These actions can also be performed after placement.
zh: 选择一个要放置的符号后，该符号将被吸附在光标上。 左键点击原理图中所需要摆放的位置，将符号放入原理图中。在将符号放入原理图之前，可以通过快捷键或右键菜单来旋转、镜像或编辑它的字段。这些操作也可以在放置后进行。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the *Place repeated copies* option is checked, after placing a symbol KiCad will start placing another copy of the symbol. This process continues until the user presses kbd:[Esc].
zh: 如果 *放置重复副本* 选项被选中，在放置一个符号后 KiCad 将开始放置该符号的另一个副本。这个过程一直持续到用户按下 kbd:[Esc]。

note: type: Plain text
en: For symbols with multiple units, if the *Place all units* option is checked, after placing the symbol KiCad will start placing the next unit in the symbol.  This continues until the last unit has been placed or the user presses kbd:[Esc].
zh: 对于有多个单元的符号，如果 *放置所有单元* 选项被选中，在放置符号后 KiCad 将开始放置该符号中的下一个单元。 这将持续到最后一个单元被放置或用户按下 kbd:[Esc]。

note: type: Title ====
en: Placing power symbols
zh: 放置电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A <<power-symbols,power symbol>> is a symbol representing a connection to a power net.  The symbols are grouped in the `power` library, so they can be placed using the symbol chooser.  However, as power placements are frequent, the image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[Add Power icon] tool is available. This tool is similar, except that the search is done directly in the `power` library and any other library that contains power symbols.
zh: <<power-symbols,电源符号>>是代表与电源网络连接的符号。 这些符号被分组在 `power` 库中，所以可以使用符号选择器来放置。 然而，由于电源的放置很频繁，image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[添加电源图标] 工具是可用的。这个工具使用方法类似，只是搜索是直接在 `power` 库和其他包含电源符号的库中进行。

note: type: Title ====
en: Moving symbols
zh: 移动符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can be moved using the Move (kbd:[M]) or Drag (kbd:[G]) tools. These tools act on the selected symbol, or if no symbol is selected they act on the symbol under the cursor.
zh: 符号可以用移动（kbd:[M]）或拖动（kbd:[G]）工具移动。这些工具将作用于选定的符号，如果没有选定符号，则作用于光标下的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *Move* tool moves the symbol itself without maintaining wired connections to the symbol pins.
zh: *移动* 工具移动符号本身，而不保持与符号引脚的导线连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *Drag* tool moves the symbol without breaking wired connections to its pins, and therefore moves the connected wires as well.
zh: *拖动* 工具在移动符号时不会破坏其引脚的导线连接，因此也会移动连接的导线。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also Drag symbols by clicking and dragging them with the mouse, depending on the *Left button drag gesture* setting in the *Mouse and Touchpad* section of Preferences.
zh: 你也可以用鼠标点击并拖动符号，这取决于偏好设置中 *鼠标和触摸板* 部分的 *左键拖动手势* 设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can also be rotated (kbd:[R]) or mirrored in the X (kbd:[X]) or Y (kbd:[Y]) directions.
zh: 符号也可以旋转（kbd:[R]）或在X（kbd:[X]）或Y（kbd:[Y]）方向上进行镜像。

note: type: Title ====
en: Editing symbol properties
zh: 编辑符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol's fields can be edited in the symbol's Properties window. Open the Symbol Properties window for a symbol with the kbd:[E] hotkey or by double-clicking on the symbol.
zh: 符号的字段可以在符号的属性窗口中进行编辑。用快捷键 kbd:[E] 或通过双击符号来打开符号属性窗口。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Properties dialog
zh: 符号属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Properties window displays all the fields of a symbol in a table. New fields can be added, and existing fields can be deleted, edited, reordered, moved, or resized.
zh: 符号属性窗口在一个表格中显示一个符号的所有字段。新的字段可以被添加，现有的字段可以被删除、编辑、重新排序、移动或调整大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each field's name and value can be visible or hidden, and there are several formatting options: horizontal and vertical alignment, orientation, position, font, text color, text size, and bold/italic emphasis. Field autoplacement can also be enabled on a per-field basis. The displayed position is always indicated for a normally displayed symbol (no rotation or mirroring) and is relative to the anchor point of the symbol.
zh: 每个字段的名称和值可以是可见的或隐藏的，并且有几个格式化选项：水平和垂直对齐、方向、位置、字体、文本颜色、文本大小和黑体/斜体。字段的自动放置也可以在每个字段的基础上启用。显示位置始终针对正常显示的符号（无旋转或镜像）指示，并且与符号的锚点相关。

note: type: Plain text
en: Formatting options for symbol fields can be shown or hidden by
          right-clicking on the header row of the symbol field table and enabling or
          disabling the desired columns. Not all columns are shown by default.
zh: 符号字段的格式化选项可以通过右击符号字段表的标题行来显示或隐藏，并启用或禁用所需的列。默认情况下，不是所有的列都显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Update Symbol from Library...** button is used to update the schematic's copy of the symbol to match the copy in the library. The **Change Symbol...** button is used to swap the current symbol to a different symbol in the library.
zh: **从库中更新符号...** 按钮用于更新原理图中的符号副本，使其与库中的副本相匹配。**变更符号...** 按钮用于将当前符号换成库中的不同符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Edit Symbol...** opens the Symbol Editor to edit the copy of the symbol in
    the schematic. Note that the original symbol in the library will not be
    modified. The **Edit Library Symbol...** button opens the Symbol Editor to
    edit the original symbol in the library. In this case, the symbol in the
    schematic will not be modified until the user clicks the **Update Symbol from
    Library...** button.
zh: **编辑符号...** 打开符号编辑器，编辑原理图中的符号副本。注意，库中的原始符号将不会被修改。**编辑库中的符号...** 按钮可以打开符号编辑器来编辑库中的原始符号。在这种情况下，原理图中的符号将不会被修改，直到用户点击 **更新库中的符号...** 按钮。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols have several attributes that affect how the symbols are treated by other parts of KiCad.
zh: 符号有几个属性，它们会影响 KiCad 其他部分对符号的处理方式。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Exclude from simulation** prevents the symbol from being included in SPICE
    simulations.
zh: **从仿真中排除** 防止该符号被包括在 SPICE 模拟中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Exclude from bill of materials** prevents the component from being included in
    <<bom-export,BOM exports>>.
zh: **从 BOM 中排除** 防止该元件被包括在<<bom-export,BOM 导出>>中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Exclude from board** means that the symbol is schematic-only, and a
    corresponding footprint will not be added to the PCB.
zh: **从电路板中排除** 意味着该符号仅用于原理图，相应的封装不会被添加到 PCB 上。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Do not populate** means that the component should not be attached to the PCB,
    although a corresponding footprint should still be added to the board. DNP
    symbols appear desaturated and with a red "X" over them in the schematic, as
    shown below.
zh: **不安装** 意味着该元件不应该被安装到 PCB 上，虽然相应的封装仍然应该被添加到电路板上。如下图所示，DNP 符号在原理图中显示为不饱和状态，上面有一个红色的 "X"。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol with DNP property set
zh: 设置有 DNP 属性的符号

note: type: Title =====
en: Editing symbol fields individually
zh: 单独编辑符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: An individual symbol text field can be edited directly with the kbd:[E] hotkey (with a field selected instead of a symbol) or by double-clicking on the field.
zh: 可以用 kbd:[E] 快捷键直接编辑单个符号文本字段（选择字段而不是符号），或者双击字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbol fields have their own hotkey to edit them directly. With the symbol selected, the Reference, Value, and Footprint fields can be edited with the kbd:[U], kbd:[V], or kbd:[F] hotkeys, respectively.
zh: 一些符号字段有自己的快捷键，可以直接编辑它们。选定符号后，可分别用 kbd:[U]、kbd:[V] 或 kbd:[F] 快捷键编辑位号、值和封装字段。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Edit Value Field dialog
zh: 编辑值字段对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The options in this dialog are the same as those in the full Symbol Properties dialog, but are specific to a single field.
zh: 该对话框中的选项与完整的 "符号属性" 对话框中的选项相同，但都是针对单个字段的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol fields can be automatically moved to an appropriate location with the Autoplace Fields action (select a symbol and press kbd:[O]). Field autoplacement is configurable in the Schematic Editor's Editing Options, including a setting to always autoplace fields.
zh: 符号字段可以通过自动放置字段操作（选择一个符号并按 kbd:[O]）自动移动到一个适当的位置。字段自动放置可在原理图编辑器的编辑选项中进行配置，包括设置为总是自动放置字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Fields Table allows you to view and modify field values for all symbols in a spreadsheet interface. You can open the Symbol Fields Table with the image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[Symbol Fields Table icon] button.
zh: 符号字段表允许你在电子表格界面中查看和修改所有符号的字段值。你可以用 image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[符号字段表图标] 按钮打开符号字段表。

note: type: Plain text
en: Cells are navigated with the arrow keys, or with kbd:[Tab] / kbd:[Shift+Tab] to move right / left and kbd:[Enter] / kbd:[Shift+Enter] to move down / up, respectively.
zh: 单元格可以用方向键导航，或者用 kbd:[Tab] / kbd:[Shift+Tab] 向右/向左移动，kbd:[Enter] / kbd:[Shift+Enter] 向下/向上移动。

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en: A range of cells can be selected by clicking and dragging. The whole range of selected cells will be copied (kbd:[Ctrl+C]) or pasted into (kbd:[Ctrl+V]) on a copy or paste action. Copying a range of cells from the table can be useful for creating a BOM. More details of copying and pasting cells are described below.
zh: 通过点击和拖动可以选择一个单元格范围。选定的整个单元格范围可以通过（kbd:[Ctrl+C]）或（kbd:[Ctrl+V]）进行复制或粘贴。从表中复制单元格的对于创建 BOM 非常有用。下面将介绍复制和粘贴单元格的更多细节。

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en: Any symbol field can be shown or hidden using the *Show* checkboxes on the left, or by right-clicking on the header of the table. New symbol fields can be added using the *Add Field...* button.
zh: 任何符号字段都可以通过左边的 *显示* 复选框或者通过右键点击表格的标题来显示或隐藏。新的符号字段可以用 *添加字段...* 按钮添加。

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en: Similar symbols can optionally be grouped by any symbol field using the *Group By* checkboxes. Grouped symbols are shown in a single row in the table. The grouped row can be expanded to show the individual symbols by clicking the arrow at the left of the row. The **Group Symbols** checkbox enables or disables symbol grouping, and the image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[refresh icon] button recalculates groupings.
zh: 可以选择使用 *分组* 复选框按任何符号字段对相似符号进行分组。 分组符号显示在表中的一行中。 通过单击行左侧的箭头，可以展开分组行以显示各个符号。 **分组符号** 复选框启用或禁用符号分组，image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[刷新图标] 按钮重新计算分组。

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en: Symbols can be filtered using the **Filter** textbox at the top. The filter supports wildcards: `*` matches any number of any characters, including none, and `?` matches any single character.
zh: 可以使用顶部的 **过滤器** 文本框过滤符号。 过滤器支持通配符：`*` 匹配任意数量的任意字符，包括无字符，`?` 匹配任意单个字符。

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en: You can use the **Export as CSV...** button to save the symbol fields to an external file. This can be used as a simple BOM generation tool, although the <<bom-export,BOM tool>> provides better control over the generated output.
zh: 你可以使用 **导出为 CSV...** 按钮，将符号字段保存到外部文件。这可以作为一个简单的 BOM 生成工具，尽管 <<bom-export,BOM 工具>>提供了对生成的输出的更好控制。

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en: Tricks to simplify filling fields
zh: 简化填写字段的技巧

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en: There are several special copy/paste methods in the spreadsheet for pasting values into larger regions, including auto-incrementing pasted cells. These features may be useful when pasting values that are shared in several symbols.
zh: 电子表格中有几种特殊的复制/粘贴方法，用于将数值粘贴到更大的区域，包括自动增加粘贴的单元格。这些功能在粘贴几个符号中共享的数值时可能很有用。

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en: These methods are illustrated below.
zh: 这些方法如下所示。

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en: |1. Copy (kbd:[Ctrl+C]) |2. Select target cells |3. Paste (kbd:[Ctrl+V])
    
    |image:images/copypaste11.png["1copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste12.png["1selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste13.png["1paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste21.png["2copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste22.png["2selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste23.png["2paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste31.png["3copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste32.png["3selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste33.png["3paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste41.png["4copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste42.png["4selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste43.png["4paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste51.png["5copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste52.png["5selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste53.png["5paste"]
zh: |1. 复制（kbd:[Ctrl+C]） |2. 选择目标单元格 |3. 粘贴 (kbd:[Ctrl+V])
    
    |image:images/copypaste11.png["1复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste12.png["1选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste13.png["1粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste21.png["2复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste22.png["2选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste23.png["2粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste31.png["3复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste32.png["3选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste33.png["3粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste41.png["4复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste42.png["4选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste43.png["4粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste51.png["5复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste52.png["5选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste53.png["5粘贴"]

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en: These techniques are also available in other dialogs with a grid control element.
zh: 这些技巧在其他带有网格控制元素的对话框中也可以使用。

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en: Reference Designators and Symbol Annotation
zh: 位号和符号批注

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en: Reference designators are unique identifiers for components in a design. They are often printed on a PCB and in assembly diagrams, and allow you to match symbols in a schematic to the corresponding components on a board.
zh: 位号是设计中元件的唯一标识符。它们通常被印在 PCB 和装配图上，使你能够将原理图中的符号与电路板上的相应元件相匹配。

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en: In KiCad, reference designators consist of a letter indicating the type of component (`R` for resistor, `C` for capacitor, `U` for IC, etc.) followed by a number. If the symbol has multiple units then the reference designator will also have a trailing letter indicating the unit. Symbols that don't have a reference designator set have a `?` character instead of the number. Reference designators must be unique.
zh: 在 KiCad 中，位号由一个表示元件类型的字母（`R` 表示电阻，`C` 表示电容，`U` 表示集成电路，等等）及后面的数字组成。如果符号有多个单元，那么位号也会有一个表示单位的尾部字母。没有设置位号的符号有一个 `?` 字符，而不是数字。位号必须是唯一的。

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en: Reference designators can be automatically set when symbols are added to the schematic, and you can set or reset reference designators yourself by manually editing an individual symbol's reference designator field or in bulk using the Annotation tool.
zh: 位号可以在符号添加到原理图时自动设置，也可以通过手动编辑单个符号的位号字段或使用批注工具批量设置或重置位号。

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en: The process of setting a symbol's reference designator is called *annotation*.
zh: 设置一个符号的位号的过程被称为 *批注*。

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en: Auto-annotation
zh: 自动批注

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en: When auto-annotation is enabled, symbols will be automatically annotated when they are added to the schematic. You can enable auto-annotation by checking the **Automatically annotate symbols** checkbox in the **Schematic Editor** -> **Annotation Options** pane in **Preferences**. Auto-annotation can also be toggled using the image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[auto-annotate icon] button in the left toolbar.
zh: 启用自动批注后，符号被添加到原理图中时将被自动批注。你可以在 **偏好设置** 中 **原理图编辑器** -> **批注选项** 窗格中选中 **自动批注符号** 复选框来启用自动批注。自动批注也可以通过左侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[自动批注图标] 按钮进行切换。

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en: When multiple symbols are added simultaneously, they are annotated according to the **Order** setting, sorted by either X or Y position.
zh: 当同时添加多个符号时，它们会根据 **顺序** 设置进行批注，按 X 或 Y 位置排序。

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en: The **Numbering** option sets the starting number for new reference designators.  This can be the lowest available number, or a number based on the sheet number.
zh: **编号** 选项为新的位号设置起始编号。 可以是最小的可用数字，也可以是基于原理图页码的数字。

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en: For more information about annotation options, see the documentation for the <<annotation-tool, Annotation tool>>.
zh: 关于批注选项的更多信息，请参见<<annotation-tool,批注工具>>的文档。

note: type: Title ====
en: Annotation tool
zh: 批注工具

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en: The Annotation tool automatically assigns reference designators to symbols in the schematic. To launch the Annotation tool, click the image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[Annotate icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 批注工具会自动为原理图中的符号指定位号。要启动批注工具，请点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[批注图标] 按钮。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: annotate dialog
zh: 批注对话框

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en: The tool provides several options to control how symbols are annotated.
zh: 该工具提供了几个选项来控制符号的批注方式。

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en: *Scope:* Selects whether annotation is applied to the entire schematic, to only
    the current sheet, or to only the selected symbols. If the
    **Recurse into subsheets** option is selected, symbols in subsheets of the
    selected scope will be reannotated; otherwise symbols in subsheets will not be
    reannotated. For example, if **Recurse into subsheets** and **Selection only**
    selected, symbols in any selected subsheets will be reannotated.
zh: *范围：* 选择批注是否适用于整个原理图、仅适用于当前原理图或仅适用于选定的符号。如果选择了 **递归到子原理图** 的选项，所选范围内子原理图中的符号将被重新批注；否则子原理图中的符号将不会被重新批注。例如，如果同时选择**递归到子原理图** 和 **仅选择**，所有选定范围内子原理图中的符号将被重新批注。

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en: *Options:* Selects whether annotation should apply to all symbols and reset
    *existing reference designators, or apply only to unannotated symbols.
zh: *选项：* 选择批注是否应适用于所有符号，或重置 *现有的位号*，或仅应用于未批注的符号。

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en: *Order:*  Chooses the direction of numbering. If symbols are sorted by X
    position, all symbols on the left side of a schematic sheet will be lower
    numbered than symbols on the right side of the sheet. If symbols are sorted by Y
    position, all symbols on the top of a sheet will be lower numbered than symbols
    at the bottom of the sheet.
zh: *顺序：* 选择编号的方向。如果符号按 X 位置排序，原理图页面左侧的所有符号将比页面右侧的符号编号小。如果符号按 Y 位置排序，则原理图顶部的所有符号的编号将小于原理图底部的符号的编号。

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en: *Numbering:* Selects the starting point for numbering reference designators. The
    lowest unused number above the starting point is picked for each reference
    designator. The starting point can be an arbitrary number (typically zero), or
    it can be the sheet number multiplied by 100 or 1000 so that each part's
    reference designator corresponds to the schematic page it is on.
zh: *编号：* 选择位号的起始编号。每一个位号都会选择在起始编号之上的最小的未使用的数字。起始编号可以是一个任意的数字（通常是 0），也可以是原理图页码乘以 100 或 1000，这样每个元件的位号就与它所在的原理图页相对应。

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en: The **Clear Annotation** button clears all reference designators in the selected scope.
zh: **清除批注** 按钮可以清除所选范围内的所有位号。

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en: Annotation messages can be filtered with the checkboxes at the bottom or saved to a report using the **Save...** button.
zh: 批注信息可以用底部的复选框进行过滤，或用 **保存...** 按钮保存到报告中。

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical Connections
zh: 电气连接

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en: There are two primary ways to establish connections: wires and labels. Wires make direct connections, while labels connect to other labels with the same name. Both wires and labels are shown in the schematic below.
zh: 有两种主要的方式来建立连接：导线和标签。导线进行直接连接，而标签则与具有相同名称的其他标签连接。下面的原理图中显示了导线和标签的情况。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Wires labels
zh: 导线标签

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en: Connections can also be made with buses and with implicit connections via hidden power pins.
zh: 可以用总线进行连接，也可以通过隐藏的电源引脚进行隐性连接。

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en: This section will also discuss two special types of symbols that can be added with the "Power symbol" button on the right toolbar:
zh: 本节还将讨论两种特殊类型的符号，可以用右侧工具栏上的 "电源符号" 按钮添加：

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en: *Power symbols*: symbols for connecting wires to a power or ground net.
zh: *电源符号*：用于将导线连接到电源或地网络的符号。

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en: *PWR_FLAG*: a specific symbol for indicating that a net is powered when it is
    not connected to a power output pin (for example, a power net that is supplied
    by an off-board connector).
zh: *PWR_FLAG*：一个特定的符号，用于表示一个电源网络在没有连接到电源输出引脚时（例如，一个由板外连接器提供的电源网络）。

note: type: Title ====
en: Wires
zh: 导线

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en: Wires are used to directly establish electrical connections between two points.  To establish a connection, a segment of wire must be connected by its end to another segment or to a pin. Only wire ends create connections; if a wire crosses the middle of another wire, a connection will not be made.
zh: 导线用于在两点之间直接建立电气连接。 要建立连接，必须将一段导线的末端与另一段导线或一个引脚相连。只有导线的末端才能建立连接；如果一根导线穿过另一根导线的中间，不会建立连接。

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en: Unconnected wire ends have a small square that indicates the connection point.  The square disappears when a connection is made to the wire end. Unconnected pins have a circle, which also disappears when a connection is made.
zh: 未连接的导线端有一个小方块，表示连接点。 当连接到导线端时，这个方块就会消失。未连接的引脚有一个圆圈，连接完成时时也会消失。

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en: Wires connect with other wires or pins only if their ends coincide
          exactly. Therefore it is important to keep symbol pins and wires aligned
          to the grid. It is recommended to always use a 50 mil grid when placing
          symbols and drawing wires because the KiCad standard symbol library and
          all libraries that follow its style also use a 50 mil grid.
zh: 导线只有在两端完全重合的情况下才能与其他导线或引脚连接。因此，保持符号引脚和导线与网格对齐很重要。建议在放置符号和绘制导线时始终使用 50 mil 的网格，因为 KiCad 标准符号库和所有遵循其风格的库也使用 50 mil 的网格。

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en: Symbols, wires, and other elements that are not aligned to the grid can be
          snapped back to the grid by selecting them, right clicking, and selecting
          **Align Elements to Grid**.
zh: 符号、导线和其他没有对准网格的元素，可以通过选择它们，右键点击，并选择 **将元素对准网格**，来将它们重新对准网格。

note: type: Title =====
en: Drawing and editing wires
zh: 绘制和编辑导线

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en: To begin connecting elements with wire, use the Wire tool image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[line tool icon] in the right toolbar (kbd:[w]). Wires can also be automatically started by clicking on an unconnected symbol pin or wire end.
zh: 用导线连接对象，请使用右侧工具栏中的导线工具 image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[导线工具图标]（kbd:[w]）。也可以通过点击未连接的符号引脚或导线末端进行导线连接。

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en: You can restrict wires to 90 degree angles using the image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon] button in the left toolbar, or to 45 degree angles with the image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon] button. The image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon] button allows you to place wires at any angle. You can cycle through these modes using kbd:[Shift+Space], or select the desired mode in **Preferences** -> **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options**. These modes affect <<graphic-lines,graphic lines>> in addition to wires.
zh: 可以用左侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 度导线图标] 按钮将导线限制在 90 度角，或者用 image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 度导线图标] 按钮将导线限制在 45 度角。image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[自由角度导线图标] 按钮允许你以任何角度放置导线。可以使用 kbd:[Shift+Space] 在这些模式中循环，或者在 **偏好设置** -> **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 中选择所需的模式。这些模式除了影响导线外，还影响 <<graphic-lines,图形线>>。

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en: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[As in the PCB editor], the kbd:[/] hotkey switches wire posture.
zh: 与 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[PCB编辑器中一样], 快捷键 kbd:[/] 切换导线的模式。

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en: Wires can be moved and edited using the Move (kbd:[M]) or Drag (kbd:[G]) tools.  As with symbols, the *Move* tool moves only the selected segment, without maintaining existing connections to other segments. The *Drag* tool maintains existing connections.
zh: 可以使用移动（kbd:[M]）或拖动（kbd:[G]）工具来移动和编辑导线。 与符号一样，*移动* 工具只移动选定的线段，而不保持与其他导线的现有连接。而 *拖动* 工具则保持现有的连接。

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en: You can select connected wires using the **Select Connection** tool (kbd:[Alt+4]). This tool selects all connected wire segments until it reaches a junction, starting with the selected segment or the segment under the cursor.  Using the tool again expands the existing selection to the next junction.
zh: 可以使用 **选择连接** 工具（kbd:[Alt+4]）选择连接的导线。这个工具可以从所选导线或光标下的导线开始，选择所有与之相连的导线，直到到达一个结点。 再次使用该工具可以将现有的选择范围扩大到下一个结点。

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en: You can break a wire segment into two pieces by right-clicking a wire and selecting **Slice**. The segment will be separated at the current mouse position. You can also separate a wire segment from the adjacent segments by right-clicking the segment and selecting **Break**.
zh: 你可以通过右击导线并选择 **分割** 将一个导线分成两段。该导线将在当前的鼠标位置被分开。你也可以通过右击一个导线并选择 **断开** 将其与相邻的导线分开。

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en: Normally the line style of a wire follows the net's <<schematic-setup-netclasses,netclass settings>> (nets are in the `Default` netclass if no other netclass is specified). However, the line style for the selected wire segments can be overridden in the wire's properties dialog (kbd:[E] when a wire segment is selected). The wire's width, color, and line style (solid, dashed, dotted, etc.) can be set. Setting the width to `0`, clearing the color, and using the `Default` line style uses the default width, color, and style, respectively, from the netclass settings. If a wire junction is included in the selection, the junction size can also be edited here.
zh: 通常情况下，导线的样式遵照网络的<<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类设置>>（如果没有指定其他网络类，网络就属于 `默认` 网络类）。然而，所选导线的样式可以在导线的属性对话框中被覆盖（当导线被选中时点击 kbd:[E]）。可以设置导线的宽度、颜色和导线的样式（实线、虚线、点线等）。将宽度设置为 `0`，清除颜色，并使用 `默认` 导线样式，将分别使用网络类设置中的默认宽度、颜色和样式。如果在选择中包含了一个导线结点，结点的大小也可以在这里进行编辑。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: wire and bus properties dialog
zh: 导线和总线属性对话框

note: type: Title =====
en: Wire Junctions
zh: 导线结点

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires that cross are not implicitly connected. It is necessary to join them by explicitly adding a junction dot if a connection is desired (image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[Add Junction icon] button in the right toolbar). Junction dots will be automatically added to wires that start or end on top of an existing wire.
zh: 交叉的导线不是隐式连接的。如果需要连接，必须明确地添加结点来连接它们（image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[添加结点图标]按钮在右侧工具栏）。结点将被自动添加到开始或结束于现有导线之上的导线。

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en: Junction dots are used in the schematic figure above on the wires connected to `P1` pins 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23.
zh: 在上面的原理图中，连接到 `P1` 引脚 18、19、20、21、22 和 23 的导线上使用了结点。

note: type: Plain text
en: Junction size automatically follows the schematic's **Junction dot size** setting in **Schematic Setup** -> **General** -> **Formatting**. Color follows the <<schematic-setup-netclasses,netclass setting>>. The automatic size and color can be overridden in each junction dot's properties; a size of `0` is equivalent to the schematic default size, and clearing the color uses the netclass color.
zh: 结点大小自动遵循原理图的 **结点大小** 设置，在 **原理图设置** -> **通用** -> **格式化**。颜色遵循 <<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类设置>>。自动尺寸和颜色可以在每个连接点的属性中被覆盖；尺寸为 `0` 相当于原理图的默认尺寸，而清除颜色则使用网络类颜色。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: junction properties dialog
zh: 结点属性对话框

note: type: Title ====
en: Labels
zh: 标签

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en: Labels are used to assign net names to wires and pins. Wires with the same net name are considered to be connected, so labels can be used to make connections without drawing direct wire connections.
zh: 标签是用来给导线和引脚分配网络名称的。具有相同网络名称的导线被认为是连接在一起的，所以标签可以用来进行连接，而不需要直接画线连接。

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en: A net can only have one name. If two different labels are placed on the same net, an ERC violation will be generated.  Only one of the net names will be used in the netlist. The final net name is determined according to the <<net-name-assignment,rules described below>>.
zh: 一个网络只能有一个名称。如果有两个不同的标签放在同一个网络上，将产生一个 ERC 违规。 在网表中只使用其中一个网络名称。最终的网络名称是根据下面描述的<<net-name-assignment,网络名称分配规则>>决定的。

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en: There are three types of labels, each with a different connection scope.
zh: 有三种类型的标签，每种都有不同的连接范围。

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en: *Local labels*, also referred to simply as labels, only make connections
    within a sheet. Add a local label with the
    image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[Local Label icon] button in the right
    toolbar.
zh: *局部标签*，也被简单地称为标签，只在一个原理图页面内有效。使用右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/add_label_24.png[局部标签图标] 按钮添加一个局部标签。

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en: *Global labels* make connections anywhere in a schematic, regardless of sheet.
    Add a global label with the
    image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[Global Label icon] button in the right
    toolbar.
zh: *全局标签* 可以在原理图的任何地方进行连接，无论在哪个原理图页面。用右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/add_glabel_24.png[全局标签图标] 按钮添加一个全局标签。

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en: *Hierarchical labels* connect to hierarchical sheet pins and are used in
    <<hierarchical-schematics,hierarchical schematics>> for connecting child
    sheets to their parent sheet. Add a hierarchical label with the
    image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[Hierarchical Label icon]
    button in the right toolbar.
zh: *层次标签* 连接到层次原理图引脚，在<<hierarchical-schematics,层次原理图>>中使用，用于连接子原理图和其父原理图。用右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_label_24.png[层次标签图标] 按钮添加层次标签。

note: type: Title =====
en: Adding and editing labels
zh: 添加和编辑标签

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en: After using the appropriate button or hotkey to create a label, the Label Properties dialog appears.
zh: 使用相应按钮或快捷键创建标签后，会出现标签属性对话框。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Global Label Properties dialog
zh: 全局标签属性对话框

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en: The *Label* field sets the label's text, which determines the net that the label assigns to its attached wire. Label text supports <<text-markup,markup>> for overbars, subscripts, etc., as well as <<text-variables,variable substitution>>.  Use the *Syntax help* link in the dialog for a summary.
zh: *标签* 字段设置了标签的文本，它决定了标签分配给其连接线的网络。标签文本支持上划线、下标等<<text-markup,标记>> ，也支持<<text-variables,变量替换>>。 使用对话框中的 *语法帮助* 链接获得帮助。

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en: There are several options to control the label's appearance. You can change the <<font,font>>, size, and color of the text, and set bold and italic emphasis.  You can also set the orientation of the text relative to the label's connection point. Hierarchical and global labels have several additional options: the *Auto* option automatically sets the label orientation based on the connected schematic elements, and *Shape* option controls the shape of the label outline (*Input*, *Output*, *Bidirectional*, *Tri-state*, or *Passive*). The outline shape is purely visual and has no electrical consequence.
zh: 有几个选项可以控制标签的外观。你可以改变文本的 <<font,字体>>、大小和颜色，并设置粗体和斜体以便强调。 你还可以设置文本相对于标签连接点的方向。层次和全局标签有几个额外的选项：*自动* 选项根据连接的原理图元素自动设置标签方向，*形状* 选项控制标签轮廓的形状（*输入*、*输出*、*双向*、*三态* 或 *被动*）。轮廓形状纯粹是视觉上的，没有电气上的影响。

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en: The default text size can be set for a schematic in
          <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>>, and the default font can
          be set in <<preferences-schematic-display-options,Preferences>>.
zh: 默认文本大小可以在<<schematic-setup-formatting,原理图设置>>中设置，默认字体可以在<<preferences-schematic-display-options,优选项>>中设置。

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en: Global labels have additional settings to control margins around the label
          text in the <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup dialog>>.
zh: 在<<schematic-setup-formatting,原理图设置对话框>> 中，全局标签有额外的设置来控制标签文本周围的边距。

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en: Labels can also have fields added to them. Two fields have special meaning (`Net Class` and `Sheet References`, described below), but arbitrary fields can also be added. Label fields behave like <<editing-symbol-properties,symbol fields>>: you can show or hide their name and value and adjust the alignment, orientation, position, size, font, color, and emphasis.
zh: 标签也可以添加字段。有两个字段有特殊的意义（"网络类" 和 "页面位号"，下面会介绍），但也可以添加任意字段。标签字段的行为类似于<<editing-symbol-properties,符号字段>>：你可以显示或隐藏它们的名称和值，调整对齐方式、方向、位置、大小、字体、颜色或进行强调。

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en: Formatting options for label fields can be shown or hidden by
          right-clicking on the header row of the label field table and enabling or
          disabling the desired columns. Not all columns are shown by default.
zh: 通过右击标签字段表的标题行，可以显示或隐藏标签字段的格式化选项，并启用或禁用所需的列。默认情况下，并非所有的列都显示。

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en: Like symbol fields, label fields can be edited individually by opening the properties of a specific label field from the schematic (double click the label field, or use kbd:[E]).
zh: 与符号字段一样，标签字段可以通过从原理图中打开特定标签字段的属性进行单独编辑（双击标签字段，或使用 kbd:[E]）。

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en: After accepting the label properties, the label is attached to the cursor for placement. The connection point for a label is the small square in the corner of the label. The square disappears when the label is connected to a wire or the end of a pin.
zh: 确认标签属性后，标签将被粘附到光标上进行放置。标签的连接点是标签角落里的小方块。当标签被连接到导线或引脚的末端时，这个方块就会消失。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Unconnected label
zh: 未连接的标签

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en: The connection point's position relative to the label text can be changed by choosing a different label orientation in the label's properties, or by mirroring/rotating the label.
zh: 连接点相对于标签文本的位置可以通过在标签的属性中选择不同的标签方向，或通过镜像/旋转标签来改变。

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en: The Label Properties dialog can be accessed at any time by selecting a label and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, double-clicking on the label, or with **Properties...** in the right-click context menu.
zh: 通过选择一个标签并使用 kbd:[E] 快捷键、双击该标签或在右键菜单中使用 **属性...**，可以随时访问标签属性对话框。

note: type: Title =====
en: Assigning net classes with labels
zh: 用标签分配网络类

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en: In addition to assigning net names, labels can be used to assign net classes. A label field named `Net Class` assigns the specified netclass to the net associated with the label. To make it easier to assign net classes in this way, `Net Class` is the default name for new label fields, and `Net Class` fields present a dropdown list of all the net classes in the design. Net classes must be created in the <<schematic-netclasses,Schematic Setup>> or xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[Board Setup] windows before they can be assigned with a label field.
zh: 除了分配网络名外，标签还可以用来分配网络类。一个名为 "网络类" 的标签字段将指定的网络类分配给与该标签相关的网络。为了便于以这种方式分配网络类，"网络类" 是新标签字段的默认名称，"网络类" 字段显示设计中所有网络类的下拉列表。网络类必须在<<schematic-netclasses,原理图设置>>或xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[电路板设置] 窗口中创建，然后才能为其分配标签字段。

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en: For more information about assigning netclasses, see the <<schematic-netclass,netclass documentation>>.
zh: 关于分配网络类的更多信息，请参见<<schematic-netclass,网络类文档>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Inter-sheet references
zh: 页面间引用

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en: Global labels can display inter-sheet references, which are a list of page numbers for other places in the schematic where the same global label appears.  Clicking an inter-sheet reference travels to the listed page. If multiple references are listed, clicking the reference list brings up a menu to select the desired page.
zh: 全局标签可以显示页面间引用，它展示了原理图中出现同一全局标签的其他地方的页码列表。 点击页面间引用就可以进入所列出的页面。如果列出了多个引用，点击引用列表会弹出一个菜单来选择所需的页面。

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en: Inter-sheet references are globally controlled in the <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>> window's Formatting page.  References can be enabled or disabled, and the displayed format for the list can be adjusted, including with optional prefix or suffix characters.
zh: 页面间引用在 <<schematic-setup-formatting, 原理图设置>> 窗口的格式页面中进行全局控制。 可以启用或禁用引用，并且可以调整列表的显示格式，包括可选的前缀或后缀字符。

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en: The image below shows a global label with inter-sheet references to two other schematic pages. A prefix and suffix of `[` and `]`, respectively, were added in Schematic Setup.
zh: 下图显示了一个全局标签，其中有对其他两个原理图页面的引用。在原理图设置中，分别添加了前缀和后缀 `[` 和 `]` 。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: global label with inter-sheet references
zh: 全局标签与表间参考

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en: A `Sheet References` field with value `${INTERSHEET_REFS}` is automatically added to global labels, and is used to control the appearance of inter-sheet references for that label. The `${INTERSHEET_REFS}` text variable gets expanded to the full list of inter-sheet references for the global label, as configured in Schematic Setup. Visibility of inter-sheet references is globally controlled in Schematic Setup rather than with the `Sheet References` field visibility control. The `Sheet References` field has no meaning for other types of labels.
zh: 全局标签会自动添加一个 "页面参考" 字段，其值为 "${INTERSHEET_REFS}"，用于控制该标签的页面间引用。`${INTERSHEET_REFS}` 文本变量会被扩展为全局标签页面间引用的完整列表，和在原理图设置中的一致。页面间引用的可见性在 "原理图设置" 中全局控制，而不是通过 "页面间引用" 字段的可见性控制。对于其他类型的标签，"页面间引用" 字段没有意义。

note: type: Title ====
en: Buses
zh: 总线

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en: Buses are a way to group related signals in the schematic in order to simplify complicated designs.  Buses can be drawn like wires using the bus tool image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[bus tool icon], and are named using labels the same way signal wires are.
zh: 总线是一种在原理图中分组相关信号的方法，以简化复杂的设计。 总线可以像导线一样用总线工具画出来 image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[总线工具图标]，并像信号线一样用标签命名。

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en: In the following schematic, many pins are connected to buses, which are the thick blue lines in the center.
zh: 在下面的原理图中，许多引脚都连接到总线上，也就是中间的蓝色粗线。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Example schematic with buses
zh: 带总线的原理图示例

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus members
zh: 总线成员

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en: There are two types of bus in KiCad 6.0 and later: vector buses and group buses.
zh: 在 KiCad 6.0 及以后版本中，有两种类型的总线：矢量总线和分组总线。

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en: A *vector bus* is a collection of signals that start with a common prefix and end with a number.  Vector buses are named `<PREFIX>[M..N]` where `PREFIX` is any valid signal name, `M` is the first suffix number, and `N` is the last suffix number.  For example, the bus `DATA[0..7]` contains the signals `DATA0`, `DATA1`, and so on up to `DATA7`.  It doesn't matter which order `M` and `N` are specified in, but both must be non-negative.
zh: 一个 *矢量总线* 是一个信号的集合，以一个共同的前缀开始，以一个数字结束。 矢量总线被命名为 `<前缀>[M..N]`，其中`前缀`是任何有效的信号名称，`M` 是第一个后缀数字，`N` 是最后的后缀数字。 例如，总线 `DATA[0...7]` 包含信号 `DATA0`、`DATA1`，以此类推，直到 `DATA7`。 指定 `M` 和 `N` 的顺序并不重要，但两者必须是非负数。

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en: A *group bus* is a collection of one or more signals and/or vector buses.  Group buses can be used to bundle together related signals even when they have different names.  Group buses use a special label syntax:
zh: 一个 *分组总线* 是一个或多个信号和/或矢量总线的集合。 分组总线可以用来把相关的信号捆绑在一起，即使它们有不同的名字。 分组总线使用一种特殊的标签语法：

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en: The members of the group are listed inside curly braces (`{}`) separated by space characters.  An optional name for the group goes before the opening curly brace.  If the group bus is unnamed, the resulting nets on the PCB will just be the signal names inside the group.  If the group bus has a name, the resulting nets will have the name as a prefix, with a period (`.`)  separating the prefix from the signal name.
zh: 该分组的成员被列在大括号（`{}`）内，用空格字符隔开。 在大括号的前面有一个可选的分组名。 如果分组总线没有命名，PCB 中产生的网络将作为该分组内的信号名称。 如果分组总线有名字，产生的网络将以名字为前缀，用句号（`.`）分隔前缀和信号名称。

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en: For example, the bus `{SCL SDA}` has two signal members, and in the netlist these signals will be `SCL` and `SDA`.  The bus `USB1{DP DM}` will generate nets called `USB1.DP` and `USB1.DM`.  For designs with larger buses that are repeated across several similar circuits, using this technique can save time.
zh: 例如，总线 `{SCL SDA}` 有两个信号成员，在网表中这些信号将是 `SCL` 和 `SDA`。 总线 `USB1{DP DM}` 将产生名为 `USB1.DP` 和 `USB1.DM` 的网表。 对于在几个类似电路中重复出现的较大的总线的设计，使用这种技术可以节省时间。

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en: Group buses can also contain vector buses.  For example, the bus `MEMORY{A[7..0] D[7..0] OE WE}` contains both vector buses and plain signals, and will result in nets such as `MEMORY.A7` and `MEMORY.OE` on the PCB.
zh: 分组总线也可以包含矢量总线。 例如，总线 `MEMORY{A[7..0] D[7..0] OE WE}` 同时包含了矢量总线和普通信号，并将在 PCB 上形成 `MEMORY.A7` 和 `MEMORY.OE` 这样的网络。

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en: Bus wires can be drawn and connected in the same manner as signal wires, including using junctions to create connections between crossing wires.  Like signals, buses cannot have more than one name -- if two conflicting labels are attached to the same bus, an ERC violation will be generated.
zh: 总线的绘制和连接方式与信号线相同，包括使用结点来创建交叉线之间的连接。 与信号线一样，总线不能有一个以上的名称--如果在同一总线上有两个冲突的标签，将产生一个 ERC 违规。

note: type: Title =====
en: Connections between bus members
zh: 总线成员之间的连接

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins connected between the same members of a bus must be connected by labels. It is not possible to connect a pin directly to a bus; this type of connection will be ignored by KiCad.
zh: 总线相同成员之间连接的引脚必须通过标签连接。不可能将一个引脚直接连接到总线上；这种连接方式将被 KiCad 忽略。

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en: In the example above, connections are made by the labels placed on wires connected to the pins. Bus entries (wire segments at 45 degrees) to buses are graphical only, and are not necessary to form logical connections.
zh: 在上面的例子中，连接是通过放置在连接到引脚的导线上的标签来实现的。连接总线的总线入口（45 度的线段）只是图形化的，并不是形成逻辑连接的必要条件。

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en: In fact, using the repetition command (kbd:[Insert]), connections can be very quickly made in the following way, if component pins are aligned in increasing order (a common case in practice on components such as memories, microprocessors...):
zh: 事实上，使用重复命令（kbd:[Insert]），如果元件引脚以递增的顺序排列，可以非常快速地进行连接（在实践中，这种情况常见于存储器、微处理器等元件）：

note: type: Plain text
en: Place the first label (for example `PCA0`)
zh: 放置第一个标签（例如：`PCA0`）。

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en: Use the repetition command as much as needed to place members.  KiCad will automatically create the next labels (`PCA1`, `PCA2`...)  vertically aligned, theoretically on the position of the other pins.
zh: 尽量使用重复命令来放置成员。 KiCad 将自动创建下一个标签（`PCA1`，`PCA2`...）垂直对齐，理论上是在其他引脚的位置上。

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en: Draw the wire under the first label. Then use the repetition command to place the other wires under the labels.
zh: 在第一个标签下画线。然后使用重复命令将其他导线放在标签下。

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en: If needed, place the bus entries by the same way (Place the first entry, then use the repetition command).
zh: 如果需要，以同样的方式放置总线入口（放置第一个入口，然后使用重复命令）。

note: type: delimited block =
en: In the **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options** section of the Preferences menu, you can set the repetition parameters:
zh: 在偏好设置菜单的 **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 部分，你可以设置重复的参数：

note: type: delimited block =
en: Horizontal pitch
zh: 水平间距

note: type: delimited block =
en: Vertical pitch
zh: 垂直间距

note: type: delimited block =
en: Label increment (labels can be incremented or decremented by 1, 2, 3, etc.)
zh: 标签递增（标签可以递增或递减 1、2、3，等等）。

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus unfolding
zh: 总线展开

note: type: Plain text
en: The unfold tool allows you to quickly break out signals from a bus.  To unfold a signal, right-click on a bus object (a bus wire, etc) and choose **Unfold from Bus**.  Alternatively, use the *Unfold Bus* hotkey (default: kbd:[C])  when the cursor is over a bus object.  The menu allows you to select which bus member to unfold.
zh: 展开工具允许你快速地从总线上分离出信号。 要展开一个信号，请右击一个总线对象（一个总线导线等），并选择 **从总线上展开**。 或者，当光标在一个总线对象上时，使用 *展开总线* 快捷键（默认：kbd:[C]）。 该菜单允许你选择要展开的总线成员。

note: type: Plain text
en: After selecting the bus member, the next click will place the bus member label at the desired location.  The tool automatically generates a bus entry and wire leading up to the label location.  After placing the label, you can continue placing additional wire segments (for example, to connect to a component pin) and complete the wire in any of the normal ways.
zh: 在选择总线成员后，下一次点击将把总线成员的标签放在所需的位置。 该工具会自动生成一个总线入口和通向标签位置的导线。 放置完标签后，你可以继续放置额外的导线（例如，连接到一个元件引脚），并以任何正常方式完成布线。

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus aliases
zh: 总线别名

note: type: Plain text
en: Bus aliases are shortcuts that allow you to work with large group buses more efficiently.  They allow you to define a group bus and give it a short name that can then be used instead of the full group name across the schematic.
zh: 总线别名是一种快捷方式，可以让你更有效地处理大型分组总线。 它允许你定义一个分组总线，并给它一个简短的名称，然后可以在整个原理图中代替完整的分组名称。

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en: To create bus aliases, open the **Bus Alias Definitions** pane in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>>.
zh: 要创建总线别名，请在<<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中打开 **总线别名定义** 窗格。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bus Alias Definitions
zh: 总线别名的定义

note: type: Plain text
en: An alias may be named any valid signal name.  Using the dialog, you can add signals or vector buses to the alias.  As a shortcut, you can type or paste in a list of signals and/or buses separated by spaces, and they will all be added to the alias definition.  In this example, we define an alias called `USB` with members `DP`, `DM`, and `VBUS`.
zh: 一个别名可以被命名为任何有效的信号名称。 使用该对话框，你可以向别名添加信号或矢量总线。 作为一种快捷方式，你可以输入或粘贴信号和/或总线的列表，用空格隔开，它们将全部被添加到别名定义中。 在这个例子中，我们定义了一个名为 `USB` 的别名，成员为 `DP`、`DM` 和 `VBUS`。

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en: After defining an alias, it can be used in a group bus label by putting the alias name inside the curly braces of the group bus: `{USB}`.  This has the same effect as labeling the bus `{DP DM VBUS}`.  You can also add a prefix name to the group, such as `USB1{USB}`, which results in nets such as `USB1.DP` as described above.  For complicated buses, using aliases can make the labels on your schematic much shorter.  Keep in mind that the aliases are just a shortcut, and the name of the alias is not included in the netlist.
zh: 定义别名后，可以在分组总线标签中使用，方法是将别名放在分组总线的大括号内：`{USB}`。 这与给总线贴上`{DP DM VBUS}` 标签的效果相同。 你也可以给分组添加一个前缀名，比如 `USB1{USB}`，这样就会产生如上面所说的 `USB1.DP` 这样的网路。 对于复杂的总线，使用别名可以使原理图上的标签短得多。 请记住，别名只是一个快捷方式，别名的名称不包括在网表中。

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en: Bus aliases are saved in the schematic file that is opened when the alias is created. The **Bus Alias Definitions** window shows the schematic file associated with the selected alias at the bottom of the alias list. Any aliases created in a given schematic sheet are available to use in any other schematic sheet that is in the same hierarchical design. If multiple sheets in a hierarchical design contain identically-named bus aliases, the aliases must all have the same members. <<list-of-erc-checks,ERC will report a violation>> if multiple bus aliases with the same name do not have consistent members.
zh: 总线别名被保存在创建别名时打开的原理图文件中。在 **总线别名定义** 窗口中，与所选别名相关的原理图文件显示在别名列表的底部。在一个给定的原理图页面中创建的任何别名都可以在同一层次设计中的任何其他原理图页面中使用。如果一个层次设计中的多个原理图包含相同名称的总线别名，这些别名必须都有相同的成员。如果多个同名的总线别名没有一致的成员，<<list-of-erc-checks,ERC 将报告违规情况>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Buses with more than one label
zh: 有多个标签的总线

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en: KiCad 5.0 and earlier allowed the connection of bus wires with different labels together, and would join the members of these buses during netlisting. This behavior has been removed in KiCad 6.0 because it is incompatible with group buses, and also leads to confusing netlists because the name that a given signal will receive is not easily predicted.
zh: KiCad 5.0 或更早的版本允许将具有不同标签的总线连接在一起，并在网表编制时将这些总线的成员连接起来。这种行为在 KiCad 6.0 中被移除了，因为它与分组总线不兼容，而且还会导致网表的混乱，因为一个给定的信号将得到的名称不容易预测。

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en: If you open a design that made use of this feature in a modern version of KiCad, you will see the Migrate Buses dialog which guides you through updating the schematic so that only one label exists on any given set of bus wires.
zh: 如果您在现代版本的 KiCad 中打开使用此功能的设计，您将看到“迁移总线”对话框，该对话框将指导您更新原理图，以便在任何给定的总线线路上只存在一个标签。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bus Migration Dialog
zh: 总线迁移对话框

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en: For each set of bus wires that has more than one label, you must choose the label to keep.  The drop-down name box lets you choose between the labels that exist in the design, or you can choose a different name by manually entering it into the new name field.
zh: 对于具有多个标签的每组总线，您必须选择要保留的标签。 下拉名称框允许您在设计中存在的标签之间进行选择，或者您可以选择一个不同的名称并手动将新名称输入名称字段。

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en: Hidden Power Pins
zh: 隐藏电源引脚

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en: When the power pins of a symbol are visible, they must be connected, as with any other signal. However, symbols such as gates and flip-flops are sometimes drawn with hidden power input pins which are connected implicitly.
zh: 当一个符号的电源引脚是可见的，它们必须被连接，就像其他信号一样。然而，诸如门和触发器等符号有时会存在隐藏的电源输入引脚，这些引脚是隐性连接的。

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en: KiCad automatically connects invisible pins with type "power input" to a global net with the same name as the pin. For example, if a symbol has a hidden power input pin named `VCC`, this pin will be globally connected to the `VCC` net on all sheets.
zh: KiCad 会自动将类型为 "电源输入" 的隐形引脚连接到与该引脚同名的全局网络。例如，如果一个符号有一个名为 `VCC` 的隐藏电源输入引脚，这个引脚将被全局连接到所有原理图上的 `VCC` 网络。

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en: Hidden pins can be shown in the schematic by checking the **Show hidden
          pins** option in the **Schematic Editor** -> **Display Options** section
          of the preferences, or by selecting **View** -> **Show hidden pins**.
          There is also a toggle icon image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[] on the
          left toolbar.
zh: 隐藏的引脚可以在原理图中显示，方法是在 **原理图编辑器** -> 偏好设置的 **显示选项** 部分勾选 **显示隐藏的引脚**，或者选择 **视图** -> **显示隐藏的引脚**。在左侧工具栏上还有一个切换是否显示隐藏引脚的图标 image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[] 。

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en: It may be necessary to join power nets of different names (for example, `GND` in TTL components and `VSS` in MOS components). To accomplish this, add a <<power-symbols,power symbol>> for each net and connect them with a wire.
zh: 有时将不同名称的电源网络连接起来可能是必要的（例如，TTL 元件中的 `GND` 和 MOS 元件中的 `VSS`）。为了达到这个目的，为每个网络添加一个 <<power-symbols,电源符号>>，并用一根导线连接它们。

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en: If hidden power pins are used, it is not recommended to use local labels for power connection, as they will not connect to hidden power pins on other sheets.
zh: 如果使用隐藏的电源引脚，不建议使用本地标签进行电源连接，因为它们不会连接到其他原理图页面的隐藏电源引脚。

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en: Care must be taken with hidden power input pins because they can create
          unintentional connections. By nature, hidden pins are invisible and do not
          display their pin name. This makes it easy to accidentally connect two
          power pins to the same net. For this reason, *using invisible power pins
          in symbols is not recommended* outside of power symbols, and is only
          supported for compatibility with legacy designs and symbols.
zh: 对隐藏的电源输入引脚必须小心，因为它们可能会产生意外的连接。从本质上讲，隐藏的引脚是不可见的，不显示其引脚名称。这使得很容易意外地将两个电源引脚连接到同一个网络。由于这个原因，除电源符号外，*不推荐使用隐形电源引脚*，且只支持与遗留设计和符号兼容。

note: type: Title ====
en: Power Symbols
zh: 电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Power symbols are symbols that are conventionally used to represent a connection to a power net, such as `VCC` or `GND`. In addition to being a visual indicator that the attached net is a power rail, power symbols make global connections: two power symbols with the same pin name connect to each other anywhere in the schematic, regardless of sheet.
zh: 电源符号通常用来表示与电源网络的连接，如`VCC` 或 `GND`。作为视觉标志，电源符号表示了与其相连的网络为电源。除此之外，电源符号还可以进行全局连接：两个具有相同引脚名称的电源符号在原理图中的任何地方都可以相互连接，无论是哪个原理图页面。

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en: In the figure below, power symbols are used to connect the positive and negative terminals of the capacitors to the `VCC` and `GND` nets, respectively.
zh: 在下图中，电源符号用于将电容器的正负极分别连接到 `VCC` 和 `GND` 网络上。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power symbols example
zh: 电源符号的示例

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en: In the KiCad standard library, power symbols are found in the `power` library, but power symbols can be created in any library. To create a custom power symbol, make a new symbol with a power input pin that is set to be invisible. Name the pin according to the desired power net. In addition, set the "Define as power symbol" symbol property. As described in the <<hidden-power-pins,hidden power pins section>>, invisible power input pins make global connections based on the hidden power pin's name. The process of creating a power symbol is described in more detail in the <<creating-power-symbols,Symbol Editor section>>.
zh: 在 KiCad 标准库中，电源符号可以在 `power` 库中找到，但电源符号可以在任何库中创建。要创建一个自定义的电源符号，先创建一个新的符号，将其电源输入引脚设置为不可见。根据所需的电源网络来命名该引脚。此外，设置 "定义为电源符号" 的符号属性。正如<<hidden-power-pins,隐藏的电源引脚部分>>所述，不可见的电源输入引脚会根据隐藏的电源引脚名称进行全局连接。创建电源符号的过程将在<<creating-power-symbols,符号编辑器部分>>中详细描述。

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en: The connected net name is determined by the power symbol's *pin name*, not
          the name or value of the symbol. This means that power symbol net names
          can only be changed in the symbol editor, not in the schematic.
zh: 连接的网络名称是由电源符号的 *引脚名称* 决定的，而不是符号的名称或值。这意味着电源符号的网络名称只能在符号编辑器中改变，不能在原理图中改变。

note: type: Title ====
en: Net name assignment rules
zh: 网络名分配规则

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en: Every net in the schematic is assigned a name, whether that name is specified by the user or automatically generated by KiCad.
zh: 原理图中的每个网络都被分配了一个名称，无论这个名称是由用户指定还是由 KiCad 自动生成。

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en: When multiple labels are attached to the same net, the final net name is determined in the following order, from highest priority to lowest:
zh: 当多个标签附加到同一个网时，最终的网络名将按以下顺序确定，从最高优先级到最低：

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en: Global labels
zh: 全局标签

note: type: Plain text
en: <<power-symbols,Power symbols>>
zh: <<power-symbols,电源符号>>

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en: Local labels
zh: 局部标签

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en: Hierarchical labels
zh: 层次标签

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en: If there are multiple labels of one type attached to a net, the names are sorted alphabetically and the first is used.
zh: 如果一个网络有多个同一类型的标签，则按字母顺序排序，使用第一个。

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en: If a net travels through multiple sheets of a <<hierarchical-schematics,hierarchy>>, it will take its name from the highest level of the hierarchy where it has a hierarchical label or local label. As usual, local labels take priority over hierarchical labels.
zh: 如果一个网络经过<<hierarchical-schematics,层次>>的多张原理图，它的名字将取决于层次结构中优先级最高的标签。通常，局部标签优先级高于层次标签。

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en: If none of the label types above are attached to a net, the net's name is automatically generated based on the connected symbol pins.
zh: 如果以上标签类型都没有添加到网络中，那么网络的名称将根据连接的符号引脚自动生成。

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en: Two `PWR_FLAG` symbols are visible in the screenshot above. They indicate to ERC that the two power nets `VCC` and `GND` are actually connected to a power source, as there is no explicit power source such as a voltage regulator output attached to either net.
zh: 上面的截图中可以看到两个 `PWR_FLAG` 符号。它们向 ERC 表明，两个电源网络 `VCC` 和 `GND` 实际上连接到一个电源上，虽然没有明确的电源输出（如电压调节器输出）连接到以上两个网络。

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en: Without these two flags, the ERC tool would diagnose: __Error: Input Power pin not driven by any Output Power pins.__
zh: 如果没有这两个标志，ERC 工具会诊断出：__错误：输入电源引脚没有被任何输出电源引脚驱动。__

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en: The `PWR_FLAG` symbol is found in the `power` symbol library. The same effect can be achieved by connecting any power output pin to the net.
zh: `PWR_FLAG` 符号可以在 `power` 符号库中找到。将任何电源输出引脚连接到网络上，可以达到同样的效果。

note: type: Title ====
en: No-connection flag
zh: 无连接标志

note: type: Plain text
en: No-connection flags (image:images/icons/noconn_24.png[No-connection icon]) are used to indicate that a pin is intentionally unconnected.  These flags do not have any effect on the schematic's connectivity, but they prevent "unconnected pin" ERC warnings for pins that are intentionally unconnected.
zh: 无连接标志（image:images/icons/noconn_24.png[无连接图标]）用来表示某个引脚是故意不连接的。 这些标志对原理图的连接性没有任何影响，但它们可以防止对故意不连接的引脚发出 "未连接引脚" 的 ERC 警告。

note: type: Title ===
en: Netclasses
zh: 网络类

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en: Netclasses are groups of nets that can be assigned design rules (for the PCB)  and graphical properties (for the schematic). In KiCad, each net is part of exactly one net class. If you do not add a net to a specific class, it will be part of the Default class, which always exists.
zh: 网络类是可以被分配设计规则（用于 PCB）和图形属性（用于原理图）的网络分组。在 KiCad 中，每个网络都是某个网络类的一部分。如果你没有将网络添加到一个特定的网络类中，它将是“默认类”的一部分，“默认类”总是存在。

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en: Net classes may be created and edited in either the Schematic or Board Setup dialogs. Nets can be added to netclasses in either the schematic or board using pattern-based assignments described below. Nets can also be assigned to netclasses in the schematic using graphical assignments with net class directives or <<label-netclass,net labels>>.
zh: 网络类可以在原理图或电路板设置对话框中创建和编辑。可以使用下面描述的基于模式的分配将网络添加到原理图或电路板的网络类中。在原理图中，也可以通过图形标识的方式，如网络类标识符或<<label-netclass,网络标签>>将网络分配到网络类中。

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en: Selecting a wire or label displays the net's netclass in the message panel at the bottom of the window.
zh: 选择一个导线或标签会在窗口底部的信息面板中显示该网络的网络类。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: selected wire's netclass displayed in status pane
zh: 所选导线的网络类显示在状态窗格中

note: type: Title ====
en: Managing netclasses in Schematic Setup
zh: 在原理图设置中管理网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: Netclasses are managed in the **Net Classes** panel of the **Schematic Setup** dialog.
zh: 网络类在 **原理图设置** 对话框的 **网络类** 面板中管理。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic Setup netclasses panel
zh: 原理图设置网络类面板

note: type: Plain text
en: The top pane lists the netclasses that exist in the design. The `Default` netclass always exists, and you can add additional netclasses with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[add netclass icon] button or remove the selected netclass with the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[delete netclass icon] button.
zh: 顶部的窗格列出了设计中存在的网络类。`默认` 网络类总是存在的，你可以通过 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[添加网络类图标] 按钮添加额外的网络类，或者通过 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除网络类图标] 按钮删除选定的网络类。

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en: Each netclass can have unique graphic properties that determine how wires of that netclass are displayed in the schematic. Wire and bus thicknesses, color, and line style (solid, dashed, dotted, etc.) can all be adjusted. Setting the color to transparent will use the theme's default wire/bus color for the netclass, which is configurable in <<preferences-colors,Preferences>>.
zh: 每个网络类可以有独特的图形属性，它决定该网络类的导线如何在原理图中显示。导线和总线的厚度、颜色和线条风格（实线、虚线、点线等）都可以调整。将颜色设置为透明将使用主题的默认导线/总线颜色，该颜色可在<<preferences-colors,偏好设置>>中配置。

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en: You can also set board design rules for each netclass, although the DRC fields are hidden by default. Right click the header row to show or hide additional columns. For more information about setting netclass design rules, see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[PCB editor documentation].
zh: 您还可以为每个网类设置电路板设计规则，但默认情况下 DRC 字段是隐藏的。 右键单击标题行以显示或隐藏其他列。 有关设置网络类设计规则的更多信息，请参阅 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[PCB editor documentation]。

note: type: Plain text
en: The bottom pane lists pattern-based netclass assignments. Each row has a net name pattern and a netclass; nets with names that match the pattern are assigned to the specified netclass. If a net matches multiple patterns, the first match is used. Pattern-based netclass assignments are dynamic: when a new net is added that matches an existing pattern, it will be assigned to the associated netclass automatically. Net patterns can use both wildcards (`*` to match any number of any characters, including none, and `?` to match any character) and https://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[regular expressions]. The nets that match the selected pattern are displayed to the right of the pattern list.
zh: 底部窗格列出了基于模式的网络类分配。 每行都有一个网络名称模式和一个网络类； 名称与模式匹配的网络被分配给指定的网络类。 如果网络匹配多个模式，则使用第一个匹配项。 基于模式的网络类分配是动态的：当添加与现有模式匹配的新网络时，它将自动分配给关联的网络类。 网络模式可以使用通配符（ `*` 匹配任意数量的任意字符，包括无字符，以及 `?` 匹配任意字符）和 https://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[正则表达式] 。匹配所选模式的网络显示在模式列表的右侧。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, the `net*` pattern matches nets named `net`, `net1`, `network`, and any other net name beginning with `net`. Because `\*` has a slightly different meaning in a regular expression (`*` matches zero or more of the preceding character), the `net*` pattern would also match a net named `ne`.
zh: 例如, `net*` 模式匹配名为 `net` , `net1`, `network`, 和任何其他以 `net` 开头的网络名称的网络。 因为 `\*` 在正则表达式中的含义略有不同（`*` 匹配零个或多个前面的字符）, `net*` 模式也匹配名为 `ne` 的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Remember that net names must include the full sheet path. For example, a
          locally labeled net in the root sheet has a name prefixed with `/`.
zh: 记住，网络名必须包括完整的原理图页面路径。例如，一个在根原理图中本地标记的网络有一个以 `/` 为前缀的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[add netclass icon] button to add a net class assignment pattern or the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[delete netclass icon] button to remove a pattern.
zh: 使用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[添加网络类图标] 按钮来添加网络类分配模式，或 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除网络类图标] 按钮来删除模式。

note: type: Plain text
en: A netclass pattern containing only the `\*` wildcard will match all
          explicitly named nets, but will not match unlabeled nets. To match
          unlabeled nets, you can include more of the net name before the wildcard
          character. All unlabeled nets have names that begin with `Net-`, so the
          pattern `Net-*` will match all unlabeled nets. You can also assign a
          netclass to an unlabeled net using a
          <<netclass-directive, net class directive>>.
zh: 仅包含 `\*` 通配符的网络类模式将匹配所有明确命名的网络，但不会匹配未标记的网络。 要匹配未标记的网络，您可以在通配符之前包含更多网络名称特点。 所有未标记的网络的名称都以 `Net-` 开头，因此模式 `Net-*` 将匹配所有未标记的网络。 您还可以使用 <<netclass-directive,网络类标识符>> 为未标记的网络分配一个网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Instead of adding netclass patterns in the Schematic Setup dialog, you can directly create netclass patterns from the schematic canvas. Right click a net and select **Assign Netclass...** to bring up the **Add Netclass Assignment** dialog. The netclass pattern is pre-filled with the name of the selected net, but the pattern can be changed if desired. All nets matching the pattern are displayed in the dialog.
zh: 您可以从原理图画布上直接创建网络类模式，而不是在原理图设置对话框中添加网络类模式。右击一个网络，选择**分配网络类...**，就会出现**添加网络类分配**对话框。网络类模式会预先填上所选网络的名称，但如果需要，也可以改变模式。所有符合该模式的网络都显示在对话框中。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: assigning a netclass from the schematic
zh: 从原理图中指定一个网络类

note: type: Title ====
en: Graphically assigning netclasses in the schematic
zh: 在原理图中以图形方式分配网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: As an alternative to pattern-based netclass assignment, netclasses can be graphically assigned to nets in the schematic using either *net class directives* or *labels*. Netclasses must be created in <<schematic-setup-netclasses,Schematic Setup>> before they can be assigned graphically.
zh: 作为基于模式的网络类分配的替代方法，网络类可以用 *网络类标识符* 或 *标签* 以图形方式分配给原理图中的网络。网络类必须在<<schematic-setup-netclasses,原理图设置>>中创建，然后才能以图形方式分配。

note: type: Plain text
en: In the image below, a net class directive is used to assign signals to the `50R` netclass.
zh: 在下面的图片中，一个网络类标识符被用来给 `50R` 网络类分配信号。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: a netclass directive attached to a bus
zh: 一个连接到总线的网络类标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: Net class directives are added with the image:images/icons/add_class_flag_24.png[net class directive icon] button in the right toolbar. They behave like <<labels,labels>>, except that they cannot be used to name a net. The attached net is assigned a netclass according to the value of the directive's `Net Class` field. The `Net Class` field presents a dropdown list of all the net classes in the design.
zh: 网络类标识符通过右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/add_class_flag_24.png[网络类指令图标] 按钮添加的。网络类标识符除了不能被用来命名网络之外，行为类似于<<labels,标签>>。根据标识符的 `网络类` 字段的值，与标识符关联的网络被分配了一个网络类。`网络类`字段提供了设计中所有网络类的下拉列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a directive is attached to a bus, all members of the bus are assigned to the specified net class.
zh: 如果一个标识符被附加到一个总线上，总线上的所有成员都被分配到指定的网络类。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: net class directive window
zh: 网络类标识符窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: In addition to the associated netclass, you can edit the directive's **shape** (dot, circle, diamond, or rectangle), **orientation**, **pin length**, and **color** in the directive's properties.
zh: 除了相关的网络类，你还可以在标识符的属性中编辑标识符的**形状**（点、圆、菱形或矩形）、**方向**、**引脚长度** 和 **颜色**。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<label-netclass,Net labels can also be used to assign netclasses>> to nets by adding a `Net Class` field to the label.
zh: <<label-netclass,也可以用网络标签给网络分配网络类>>，方法是在标签中添加一个 `网络类` 字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: If more than one different netclass is graphically assigned to a single net, <<list-of-erc-checks,ERC will report an issue>>. Graphical netclass assignments override pattern-based assignments: if a net matches a netclass pattern assignment and also has a netclass assigned graphically, the graphically assigned netclass will be used.
zh: 如果一个网络被图形化分配了两个不同的网络类，<<list-of-erc-checks,ERC 将报告一个问题>>。图形化的网络类分配优先于基于模式的分配：如果一个网络与网络类模式分配相匹配，并且也有一个图形化的网络类分配，那么将使用图形化的网络类分配。

note: type: Title ===
en: Graphical items
zh: 图形对象

note: type: Plain text
en: Text, graphic shapes, and images can be added to schematics for documentation purposes. These items do not have any electrical effect on the schematic.
zh: 文字、图形和图像可以被添加到原理图中，用于文档的目的。这些对象对原理图没有任何电气影响。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image below shows graphic lines and text ("COMMUNICATION DSP") in addition to symbols and several types of labels.
zh: 下面的图片除了符号和几种类型的标签外，还显示了图形线和文字（"COMMUNICATION DSP"）。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Frame with comment example
zh: 带注释的框架示例

note: type: Title ====
en: Text and Text Boxes
zh: 文本和文本框

note: type: Plain text
en: Two kinds of text can be added to schematics, which are referred to as text (image:images/icons/text_24.png[Add text icon]) and text boxes (image:images/icons/add_textbox_24.png[Add textbox icon]). Both are added using their respective buttons in the right toolbar.
zh: 有两种文本可以被添加到原理图中，分别为文本（image:images/icons/text_24.png[添加文本图标]）和文本框（image:images/icons/add_textbox_24.png[添加文本框图标]）。两者都可以通过右侧工具栏中各自的按钮添加。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: schematic text and textbox example
zh: 原理图文本和文本框示例

note: type: Plain text
en: Both kinds of text item support multiline text and basic formatting features, but text boxes wrap text to fit in the outline and have additional formatting options. All text has adjustable fonts, color, size, bold and italic emphasis, left and right alignment, and vertical and horizontal orientation. Text boxes additionally support horizontal centering, vertical alignment options, and colored borders and fill.
zh: 这两种文本项目都支持多行文本和基本的格式设置功能，文本框还可以将文本换行以适应文本框外框，并有额外的格式选项。所有的文本都有可调整的字体、颜色、大小、黑体和斜体，左右对齐，以及垂直和水平方向。文本框还支持水平居中，垂直对齐选项，以及彩色边框和填充。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: text box properties dialog
zh: 文本框属性对话框

note: type: Title =====
en: Links
zh: 链接

note: type: Plain text
en: Text and text boxes can be made into a link by entering a target in the *Link* box in the text properties. The link target can be a local file (using the `file://` protocol prefix followed by the file's path), to a website (using `http://` or `https://` followed by the rest of the URL), or to another page in the same schematic (using `#` followed by the page number). These can also be autofilled using the dropdown menu in the link target box.
zh: 文本和文本框可以通过在文本属性的 *链接* 框中输入一个目标而成为一个链接。链接目标可以是一个本地文件（使用 `file://` 协议前缀，后跟文件路径），或者是一个网站（使用 `http://` 或 `https://`，后跟其余的 URL），或导航到同一原理图设计中的另一个页面（使用 `#` 后跟页码）。这些也可以使用链接目标框中的下拉菜单自动填写。

note: type: Title =====
en: Fonts
zh: 字体

note: type: Plain text
en: Text and text boxes support custom fonts, which are selectable with the **Font** dropdown in the properties dialog for the text. In addition to the KiCad font, you can use any TTF font installed on your computer.
zh: 文本和文本框支持自定义字体，可通过文本的属性对话框中的 **字体** 下拉选择。除了 KiCad 字体外，你还可以使用安装在你电脑上的任何 TTF 字体。

note: type: Plain text
en: User fonts are not embedded in the project. If the project is opened on another computer that does not have the selected font installed, a different font will be substituted. For maximum compatibility, use the KiCad font.
zh: 用户字体不会被嵌入工程中。如果该工程在另一台没有安装所选字体的计算机上打开，将会被替换为不同的字体。为了获得最大的兼容性，请使用 KiCad 字体。

note: type: Title =====
en: Text Markup
zh: 文本标记

note: type: Plain text
en: Text supports markup for superscripts, subscripts, overbars, evaluating project variables, and accessing symbol field values.
zh: 文本标记支持上标, 下标, 评估工程变量和访问符号字段值。

note: type: Table
en: | Feature | Markup Syntax | Result
    | Superscript
      | `text^{superscript}`
      | text^superscript^
    | Subscript
      | `text_{subscript}`
      | text~subscript~
    | Overbar
      | `~{text}`
      | [overline]#text#
    | <<schematic-setup-text-variables,Variables>>
      | `${variable}`
      | _variable_value_
    | <<text-variables,Symbol Fields>>
      | `${refdes:field}`
      | _field_value_ of symbol _refdes_
zh: | 功能 | 标记语法 | 结果
    | 上标
      | `text^{superscript}`
      | text^superscript^
    | 下标
      | `text_{subscript}`
      | text~subscript~
    | 上划线
      | `~{text}`
      | [overline]#text#
    | <<原理图 - 设置 - 文本 - 变量，变量>>
      | `${variable}`
      | _variable_value_
    | <<文本 - 变量，符号字段>>
      | `${refdes:field}`
      | _field_value_ of symbol _refdes_

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables must be defined in
          <<schematic-setup-text-variables,Schematic Setup>> before they can be
          used. There are also a number of
          <<text-variables,built-in system text variables>>.
zh: 变量必须在
            <<schematic-setup-text-variables,原理图设置>> 中定义才可以
           使用。 还有一些
            <<text-variables,内置系统文本变量>> 。

note: type: Title ====
en: Graphic Shapes
zh: 图形形状

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphic rectangles (image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[Add rectangle icon]), circles (image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[Add circle icon]), arcs (image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[Add arc icon]), and lines (image:images/icons/add_dashed_line_24.png[Add line icon]) can all be added using their respective buttons in the right toolbar.
zh: 图形矩形（image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[添加矩形图标]）、圆形（image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[添加圆形图标]）、弧形（image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[添加弧形图标]）和直线（image:images/icons/add_dashed_line_24.png[添加直线图标]）都可以使用右侧工具栏中各自的按钮添加。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Graphic rectangle, circle, arc, and lines in a schematic
zh: 原理图中的矩形、圆形、圆弧和直线

note: type: Plain text
en: Line width, color, and style (solid, dashed, or dotted) can be configured in the properties dialog for each shape (kbd:[E]). Rectangles, circles, and arcs can also have a fill color set and have their outlines removed.
zh: 线宽、颜色和样式（实线、虚线或点线）可以在每个图形（kbd:[E]）的属性对话框中进行配置。矩形、圆形和弧形也可以设置填充颜色并去除其轮廓线。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: graphic rectangle properties dialog
zh: 图形矩形属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: Setting a shape's line width to 0 uses the schematic default line width, which is configurable in <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>>. Spacing for line dashes is also configurable there. Removing a line or fill color uses the color theme's graphics color, which is configurable in <<preferences-colors,Preferences>>.
zh: 将形状的线宽设置为 0，则使用原理图的默认线宽，该线宽可在 <schematic-setup,原理图设置>> 中配置。虚线的间距也可以在那里配置。移除线条或填充物的颜色将会使用颜色主题的图形颜色，这可以在 <<preferences-colors,偏好设置>> 中配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Like <<drawing-and-editing-wires,wires>>, graphic lines obey the line drawing mode setting (90 degree, 45 degree, or free angle), which you can set using the toggle buttons on the left toolbar (image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon], image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon], and image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon], respectively).  kbd:[Shift+Space] cycles through the modes.
zh: 与<<drawing-and-editing-wires,导线>>一样，图形的线条服从线条的绘制模式设置（90 度，45 度，或自由角度），可以用左侧工具栏的切换按钮来设置 (image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon], image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon], and image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon])。 kbd:[Shift+Space] 循环切换这些模式。

note: type: Plain text
en: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[As with PCB tracks], the kbd:[/] hotkey switches line posture.
zh: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[与 PCB 布线一样] ，kbd:[/] 快捷键切换线条模式。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bitmap Images
zh: 位图图像

note: type: Plain text
en: Bitmap images can be added to the schematic with the image:images/icons/image_24.png[Add bitmap image icon] button. Images in the schematic can be moved and scaled. The properties dialog allows setting a location and scale as well as converting the image to greyscale.
zh: 位图图像可以通过 image:images/icons/image_24.png[添加位图图像图标] 按钮添加到原理图中。原理图中的图像可以被移动和缩放。属性对话框允许设置位置和比例，以及将图像转换为灰度。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bulk editing text and graphics
zh: 批量编辑文本和图形

note: type: Plain text
en: Properties of text and graphics can be edited in bulk using the *Edit Text and Graphic Properties* dialog (**Tools** -> **Edit Text and Graphic Properties...**). The tool can also modify visual properties of wires and buses.
zh: 文本和图形的属性可以通过 *编辑文本和图形属性* 对话框（**工具** -> **编辑文本和图形属性...**）进行批量编辑。该工具还可以修改导线和总线的视觉属性。

note: type: Title =====
en: Scope and Filters
zh: 范围和筛选器

note: type: Plain text
en: *Scope* settings restrict the tool to editing only certain types of objects. If
    no scopes are selected, nothing will be edited.
zh: *范围* 设置限制了该工具只能编辑某些类型的对象。如果没有选择范围，就不会有任何东西被编辑。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Filters* restrict the tool to editing particular objects in the selected scope.
    Objects will only be modified if they match all enabled and relevant filters
    (some filters do not apply to certain types of objects. For example, symbol
    field filters do not apply to wires and are ignored for the purpose of changing
    wire properties). If no filters are enabled, all objects in the selected scope
    will be modified. For filters with a text box, wildcards are supported: `*`
    matches any number of any characters, including none, and `?` matches any single
    character.
zh: *过滤器* 将工具限制为编辑选定范围内的特定对象。
    仅当对象匹配所有已启用和相关过滤器时才会修改对象
    （某些过滤器不适用于某些类型的对象。例如，符号
    字段过滤器不适用于电线，并且出于更改导线属性的目的而被忽略）。
    如果未启用过滤器，则将修改所选范围内的所有对象。
    对于带有文本框的过滤器，支持通配符： `*` 匹配任意数量的任意字符，包括无字符，`?` 匹配任意单个
    字符。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Filter fields by name* filters to the specified symbol, label, or sheet field.
zh: *按名称筛选* 筛选指定的符号、标签或图纸页面字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Filter items by parent reference designator* filters to fields in the
    symbol with the specified reference designator. *Filter items by parent symbol
    library id* filters to fields in symbols with the specified library identifier.
    *Filter items by parent symbol type* filters to fields in symbols of the
    selected type (power or non-power).
zh: *按父级位号筛选* 筛选具有指定位号的符号中的字段。*通过父级符号库 ID* 筛选具有指定库位号的符号中的字段。*通过父级符号类型*筛选到选定类型（电源或非电源）的符号中的字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Filter items by net* filters to wires and labels on the specified net.
zh: *通过网络筛选* 筛选指定网络上的导线和标签。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Only include selected items* filters to the current selection.
zh: *仅包括选定的项目* 筛选当前选择。

note: type: Title =====
en: Editable Properties
zh: 可编辑的属性

note: type: Plain text
en: Properties for filtered objects can be set to new values in the bottom part of the dialog.
zh: 可以在对话框的底部为被筛选对象的属性设置新值。

note: type: Plain text
en: Drop-down lists and text boxes can be set to `-- leave unchanged --` to preserve existing values. Checkboxes can be checked or unchecked to enable or disable a change, but can also be toggled to a third "leave unchanged" state. Color properties must be checked to change the value; a checkerboard swatch indicates that the color will be inherited from the default value from the the schematic settings or netclass properties.
zh: 下拉列表和文本框可以被设置为 `--保持不变--` 以保留现有值。复选框可以被选中或不被选中来启用或禁用一个变化，但也可以切换到第三个 "保持不变" 的状态。颜色属性必须被选中以改变值；棋盘式的色块表示颜色将从原理图设置或网络类属性的默认值中继承下来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text properties that can be modified are *font*, *text size*, *text orientation* (right/up/leftdown), *horizontal* and *vertical alignment*, *text color*, emphasis (*bold* and *italic*), and *visibility* of fields and field names.
zh: 可以修改的文本属性有 *字体*、*文本大小*、*文本方向*（右/上/左/下）、*水平* 和 *垂直对齐*、*文本颜色*、强调（*粗体*和*斜体*）以及字段和字段名的 *可见性*。

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphic and wire properties that can be modified are *line width*, *line style* (solid, dashed, and dotted lines), *line color*, *fill color* for shapes, and *junction size* and *junction color* for wire junctions.
zh: 可以修改的图形和导线属性有：*线宽*、*线样式*（实线、虚线和点线）、*线颜色*、图形的 *填充颜色*，以及导线结点的 *结点尺寸* 和 *结点颜色*。

note: type: Title ====
en: Sheet title block
zh: 原理图标题栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The title block is edited with the Page Settings tool (image:images/icons/sheetset_24.png[Page Settings tool]).
zh: 标题栏是用页面设置工具（image:images/icons/sheetset_24.png[页面设置工具]）编辑的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Page settings dialog
zh: 页面设置对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: Each field in the title block can be edited, as well as the paper size and orientation. If the **Export to other sheets** option is checked for a field, that field will be updated in the title block of all sheets, rather than only the current sheet.
zh: 可以编辑标题栏中的每个字段，以及纸张大小和方向。 如果为某个字段选中了 **导出到其他原理图页** 选项，则该字段将在所有原理图页的标题栏中更新，而不仅仅是当前原理图页。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can set the date to today's or any other date by pressing the left arrow button next to **Issue Date**. Note that the date in the schematic will not be automatically updated.
zh: 你可以用 **发布日期** 旁的左箭头按钮将日期设置为今天或其他任何日期，但原理图中的日期不会自动更新。

note: type: Plain text
en: A drawing sheet template file can also be selected.
zh: 也可以选择一个原理图模板文件。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Title block
zh: 标题栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet number (Sheet X/Y) is automatically updated, but sheet page numbers can also be manually set using **Edit** -> **Edit Sheet Page Number...**.
zh: 原理图页码（页面X/Y）会自动更新，也可以用 **编辑** -> **编辑原理图页码...** 手动设置。

note: type: Title ===
en: Schematic Setup
zh: 原理图设置

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Setup window is used to set schematic options that are specific to the currently active schematic. For example, the Schematic Setup window contains formatting options, electrical rule configuration, netclass setup, and schematic text variable setup.
zh: 原理图设置窗口用于设置当前活动原理图的原理图选项。例如，原理图设置窗口包含格式化选项、电气规则配置、网络类设置和原理图文本变量设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can import schematic settings from an existing project using the **Import Settings from Another Project...** button. This allows you to choose a project to use as a template and select which settings to import (formatting preferences, field name templates, pin conflict map, violation severities, and net classes).
zh: 您可以使用 **从另一个项目导入设置...** 按钮从已有项目导入原理图设置。 这允许您选择一个项目用作模板并选择要导入的设置 (格式首选项, 字段名称模板, 管脚冲突映射, 违规严重性设置和网络类)。

note: type: Title ====
en: Schematic formatting
zh: 原理图格式

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup formatting
zh: 原理图设置格式

note: type: Plain text
en: The formatting panel contains settings for the appearance of symbols, text, labels, graphics, and wires.
zh: 格式化面板包含符号、文本、标签、图形和导线的外观设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Symbol unit notation* sets how each unit of a multi-unit symbol is referred to
    in its reference designator. By default, a different letter for each unit is
    appended to the reference designator with no separator, for example `U1B` for
    the second unit of symbol `U1`, but this can be changed. Numbers can be used
    instead of letters, and various separators can be used between the symbol
    designator and the unit identifier (`.`, `-`, `_`, or none).
zh: *符号单元表示法* 设置多单元符号的每个单元在其位号中的引用方式。 默认情况下，每个单元的不同字母会添加到到没有分隔符的位号后，例如符号 `U1` 的第二个单元为 `U1B` ，但这可以更改。 可以使用数字代替字母，并且可以在符号的位号和单元标识符之间使用各种分隔符（`.`、`-`、`_` 或无）。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Default text size* sets the default text height used by the text, text box, and
    label tools. *Label offset ratio* controls the vertical spacing between a local
    label's text and the attached wire, relative to the label's text size. This also
    affects the spacing between symbol pins and their pin number.
    *Global label margin* defines the size of the box around a global label,
    relative to the global label's text size. Increasing the margin may be useful
    to avoid overlapping text with overbars (`~{}`) or letters with descenders, but
    this may cause closely packed global labels to overlap with each other.
zh: *默认文本大小* 设置文本、文本框和标签工具使用的默认文本高度。 相对于标签的文本大小，*标签偏移率* 控制本地标签文本和连接线之间的垂直间距。 这也会影响符号引脚之间的间距及其引脚编号。
    相对于全局标签的文本大小，*全局标签边距* 定义了全局标签周围框的大小。
    增加边距可能有助于避免带上划线的文本 (`~{}`) 或下沉字母的重叠，但这可能会导致紧密排列的全局标签之间相互重叠。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Default line width* sets the default line width for symbol graphics, if the
    symbol does not override the default line width. *Pin symbol size* scales symbol
    pin graphic style annotations, such as the bubble on an inverted pin.
zh: 如果符号不覆盖默认线宽，*默认线宽* 设置定义了符号图形的默认线宽。 *引脚符号大小* 缩放符号引脚图形样式标注，例如倒置引脚上的气泡。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Junction dot size* sets the schematic's default wire junction dot size. The
    default size can be overridden by editing an individual junction dot's
    properties.
zh: *结点大小* 设置原理图的默认导线结点大小。 可以通过编辑单个结点的属性来覆盖默认大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Show inter-sheet references* enables or disables the display of
    <<intersheet-references,inter-sheet references>>, which are a list of page
    numbers next to a global labels that link to other places in the schematic where
    the same global label appears. *Show own page reference* controls whether the
    current page is included in the list of page numbers. *Standard* and
    *abbreviated* determine whether to display the complete list of page numbers or
    only the first and last page numbers. The *prefix* and *suffix* fields add
    optional characters before and after the list of page numbers. In the image
    of an inter-sheet reference below, a prefix and suffix of `[` and `]`,
    respectively, have been added.
zh: *显示页面间引用* 启用或禁用 <<intersheet-references,页面间引用>> 的显示，它是全局标签旁边的页码列表，链接到原理图中相同名称全局标签出现的位置。 *显示当前页面引用* 控制当前页面是否包含在页码列表中。 *标准* 和 *缩略* 确定是显示完整的页码列表还是仅显示第一页和最后一页的页码。 *前缀* 和 *后缀* 字段在页码列表前后添加可选字符。 在下面的页面间引用图例中，分别添加了 `[` 及 `]` 的前缀和后缀。

note: type: Plain text
en: Dashed line appearance is controlled in the Formatting section. *Dash length* controls the length of dashes, while *Gap length* controls the spacing between dashes and dots. The dash and gap lengths are relative to the line width: a gap length of `2` means twice the width of the line.
zh: 虚线外观在格式部分中控制。 *虚线长度* 控制破折号的长度，而 *间隙长度* 控制破折号和点之间的间距。 破折号和间隙长度是相对于线宽的：间隙长度为 `2` 则表示线宽的两倍。

note: type: Title ====
en: Field name templates
zh: 字段名称模板

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup field name templates
zh: 原理图设置字段名称模板

note: type: Plain text
en: Field name templates are empty symbol fields that are automatically added to all symbols in the schematic. These can be useful when every symbol in the schematic needs additional fields beyond the fields that are defined in the library symbols, for example a field for the manufacturer's part number.
zh: 字段名称模板是空的符号字段，会自动添加到原理图中的所有符号。 当原理图中的每个符号都需要在符号中定义的默认字段之外的其他字段时，这可能很有用，例如制造商部件号的字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Template fields can be set as visible or invisible, and can also be set as URL fields.
zh: 模板字段可以设置为可见或不可见，也可以设置为URL 字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Field name templates that are defined in schematic setup apply only to the current project. Field name templates can also be defined in <<preferences-field-name-templates,Preferences>>, which apply to all projects edited on your computer.
zh: 在原理图设置中定义的字段名称模板仅适用于当前项目。 字段名称模板也可以在<<preferences-field-name-templates,偏好设置>>中定义，它适用于在您的计算机上编辑的所有项目。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC violation severity and pin conflicts map
zh: ERC 违规严重性和管脚冲突映射

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Violation Severity** panel lets you configure what types of ERC messages should be reported as Errors, Warnings, or ignored.
zh: **违规严重性** 面板可让您配置应将哪些类型的 ERC 消息报告为错误、警告或忽略。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Pin Conflicts Map** allows you to configure connectivity rules to define electrical conditions for errors and warnings based on what types of pins are connected to each other. For example, by default an error is produced when an output pin is connected to another output pin.
zh: **引脚冲突映射** 允许您配置连接规则，以根据相互连接的引脚类型定义错误和警告的电气条件。 例如，默认情况下，当输出引脚连接到另一个输出引脚时会产生错误。

note: type: Plain text
en: These panels are explained in more detail in the <<erc-configuration,ERC section>>.
zh: 这些面板在 <<ERC - 配置，ERC 章节>> 中有更详细的解释。

note: type: Title ====
en: Net classes
zh: 网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Net Classes** panel allows you to manage netclasses for the project and assign nets to netclasses with patterns. Managing netclasses in this panel is equivalent to managing them in the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[Board Setup dialog].  Nets can also be assigned to netclasses in the schematic using graphical assignments with <<netclass-directive,net class directives>> or <<label-netclass,net labels>>.
zh: **网络类** 面板允许您管理项目的网络类，并使用模式将网络分配给网络类。 在此面板中管理网络类等同于在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[电路板设置对话框] 管理它们。 也可以使用带有 <<网络类 - 标识符，网络类标识符>>或 <<标签 - 网络类，网络标签>> 的图形分配方法将网络分配给原理图中的网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pattern-based netclass assigment is explained in more detail in the <<schematic-setup-netclasses,net classes section>>.
zh: 基于模式的网络类分配在 <<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类章节>> 中有更详细的解释。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bus alias definitions
zh: 总线别名的定义

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Bus Alias Definitions** panel allows you to create bus aliases, which are names for groups of signals in a bus. For more information about bus aliases, see the <<bus-aliases,bus alias documentation>>.
zh: **总线别名定义** 面板允许您创建总线别名，这是总线中信号组的名称。 有关总线别名的更多信息，请参阅 <<总线-别名，总线别名文档>>。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup text variables
zh: 原理图设置文本变量

note: type: Plain text
en: Text replacement variables can be created in the Text Variables section. These variables allow you to substitute the variable name for any text string. This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh: 文本替换变量可以在文本变量部分创建。 这些变量允许您用变量名替换任何文本字符串。 这种替换发生在变量名称在 `${VARIABLENAME}` 的变量替换语法中使用的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, you could create a variable named `VERSION` and set the text substitution to `1.0`. Now, in any text object on the PCB, you can enter `${VERSION}` and KiCad will substitute `1.0`. If you change the substitution to `2.0`, every text object that includes `${VERSION}` will be updated automatically. You can also mix regular text and variables. For example, you can create a text object with the text `Version: ${VERSION}` which will be substituted as `Version: 1.0`.
zh: 例如，您可以创建一个名为 `VERSION` 的变量并将文本替换设置为“1.0”。 现在，在 PCB 上的任何文本对象中，您可以输入 `${VERSION}`，KiCad 将其替换为 `1.0`。 如果将文本替换更改为 `2.0`，则包含 `${VERSION}` 的每个文本对象都将自动更新。 您还可以混合使用常规文本和变量。 例如，您可以使用文本 `Version: ${VERSION}` 创建一个文本对象，它将被替换为 `Version: 1.0`。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text variables can also be created in xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[Board Setup].  Text variables are project-wide; variables created in the schematic editor are also available in the board editor, and vice versa.
zh: 文本变量也可以在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[电路板设置]中创建。 文本变量是项目范围的； 在原理图编辑器中创建的变量在电路板编辑器中也可用，反之亦然。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are also a number of <<text-variables,built-in system text variables>>.
zh: 还有一些<<text-variables,内置系统文本变量>>。

note: type: Title ===
en: Rescuing cached symbols
zh: 恢复缓存的符号

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, KiCad loads symbols from the project libraries according to the set paths and
    library order. This can cause a problem when loading a very old project: if the symbols in the
    library have changed or have been removed or the library no longer exists since they were used
    in the project, the ones in the project would be automatically replaced with the new versions.
    The new versions might not line up correctly or might be oriented differently leading to a
     broken schematic.
zh: 默认情况下，KiCad 根据设定的路径和库的顺序从工程库中加载符号。当加载一个非常老的工程时，这可能会导致一个问题：如果库中的符号已经改变或被删除，或者库在工程中使用后不再存在，那么工程中的符号将被自动替换为新的版本。新的版本可能无法正确加载，或者方向不同，导致原理图被破坏。

note: type: Plain text
en: When a project is saved, a cache library with the contents of the current library symbols is saved along with the schematic. This allows the project to be distributed without the full libraries. If you load a project where symbols are present both in its cache and in the system libraries, KiCad will scan the libraries for conflicts. Any conflicts found will be listed in the following dialog:
zh: 当一个工程被保存时，一个包含当前库符号内容的缓存库会和原理图一起保存。这使得工程可以在没有完整库的情况下发布。如果你加载一个工程，它的库同时存在于缓存库和系统库中，KiCad 将扫描库中的冲突。任何发现的冲突将在以下对话框中列出：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Rescue conflicts dialog
zh: 恢复冲突对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: You can see in this example that the project originally used a diode with the cathode facing up, but the library now contains one with the cathode facing down. This change would break the schematic! Pressing OK here will cause the symbol cache library to be saved into a special `rescue` library and all the symbols are renamed to avoid naming conflicts.
zh: 在这个例子中你可以看到，该项目最初使用的是一个阴极朝上的二极管，但现在库中有一个阴极朝下的二极管。这种改变会破坏原理图！点击 "确定" 会导致符号缓存库被保存到一个特殊的 "恢复" 库中，所有的符号都被重新命名以避免命名冲突。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you press Cancel, no rescues will be made, so KiCad will load all the new components by default. If you save the schematic at this point, your cache will be overwritten and the old symbols will not be recoverable.  If you have saved the schematic, you can still go back and run the rescue function again by selecting "Rescue Cached Components" in the "Tools" menu to call up the rescue dialog again.
zh: 如果你按下 "取消" 键，将不会进行任何恢复，因此 KiCad 将默认加载所有的新元件。如果您在这时保存原理图，您的缓存将被覆盖，旧的符号将无法恢复。 如果你已经保存了原理图，你仍然可以回去再次运行恢复功能，在 "工具" 菜单中选择 "恢复缓存元件"，再次调出恢复对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you would prefer not to see this dialog, you can press "Never Show Again". The default will be to do nothing and allow the new components to be loaded. This option can be changed back in the Libraries preferences.
zh: 如果你不希望看到这个对话框，你可以按 "不再显示"。默认情况是什么都不做，让新的元件被加载。这个选项可以在 "库" 偏好设置中修改。

note: type: Title ==
en: Forward and back annotation
zh: 正向和反向批注

note: type: Title ===
en: Update PCB from Schematic (forward annotation)
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB（正向批注）

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the Update PCB from Schematic tool to sync design information from the Schematic Editor to the Board Editor. The tool can be accessed with **Tools** -> **Update PCB from Schematic** (kbd:[F8]) in both the schematic and board editors. You can also use the image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[Update PCB from Schematic icon] icon in the top toolbar of the Board Editor. This process is often called forward annotation.
zh: 使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将设计信息从原理图编辑器同步到电路板编辑器。在原理图编辑器和电路板编辑器中都可以用 **工具** -> **从原理图更新 PCB**（kbd:[F8]）来访问该工具。你也可以使用电路板编辑器顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[从原理图更新 PCB]图标。这个过程通常被称为正向批注。

note: type: Plain text
en: Update PCB from Schematic is the preferred way to transfer design information from the schematic to the PCB. In older versions of KiCad, the equivalent process was to export a netlist from the Schematic Editor and import it into the Board Editor. It is no longer necessary to use a netlist file.
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB 是将设计信息从原理图转移到 PCB 的首选方法。在旧版本的 KiCad 中，相应的过程是将网表从原理图编辑器中导出并导入到电路板编辑器中。现在已经没有必要使用网表文件了。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update PCB from schematic
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool adds the footprint for each symbol to the board and transfers updated schematic information to the board. In particular, the board's net connections are updated to match the schematic. Symbols with the <<editing-symbol-properties,**Exclude from board** attribute>> are not transferred to the PCB.
zh: 该工具将每个符号的封装添加到电路板上，并将更新的原理图信息传输到电路板上。同时，电路板的网络连接会被更新以匹配原理图。带有<<editing-symbol-properties,**排除在电路板**属性之外>> 的符号不会被更新到 PCB 上。

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the PCB are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The PCB is not modified until you click the **Update PCB** button.
zh: 将对 PCB 进行的修改列在 _待应用修改_ 窗格中。点击 **更新 PCB** 按钮之前，PCB 不会被修改。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can show or hide different types of messages using the checkboxes at the bottom of the window. A report of the changes can be saved to a file using the **Save...** button.
zh: 你可以使用窗口底部的复选框来显示或隐藏不同类型的信息。可以使用 **保存...** 按钮将更改的报告保存到文件中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Options
zh: 选项

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool has several options to control its behavior.
zh: 该工具有几个选项可以控制其行为。

note: type: Table
en: | Option | Description
    
    | Re-link footprints to schematic symbols based on their reference designators
    | Footprints are normally linked to schematic symbols via a unique identifier
    created when the symbol is added to the schematic. A symbol's unique identifier
    cannot be changed.
    
    If checked, each footprint in the PCB will be re-linked to the symbol that has
    the same reference designator as the footprint.
    
    If unchecked, footprints and symbols will be linked by unique identifier as
    usual, rather than by reference designator. Each footprint's reference
    designator will be updated to match the reference designator of its linked
    symbol.
    
    This option should generally be left unchecked. It is useful for specific
    workflows that rely on changing the links between schematic symbols and
    footprints, such as refactoring a schematic for easier layout or replicating
    layout between identical channels of a design.
    
    | Delete footprints with no symbols
    | If checked, any footprint in the PCB without a corresponding symbol in the
    schematic will be deleted from the PCB. Footprints with the "Not in schematic"
    attribute will be unaffected.
    
    If unchecked, footprints without a corresponding symbol will not be deleted.
    
    | Replace footprints with those specified in the schematic
    | If checked, footprints in the PCB will be replaced with the footprint that is
    specified in the corresponding schematic symbol.
    
    If unchecked, footprints that are already in the PCB will not be changed, even
    if the schematic symbol is updated to specify a different footprint.
zh: | 选项 | 描述
    
    | 根据位号将封装重新链接到原理图符号上
    | 封装通常是通过符号添加到原理图中时创建的唯一标识符与原理图符号相连。符号的唯一标识符不能被改变。
    
    如果选中，PCB 中的每个封装将被重新链接到与该封装具有相同位号的符号上。
    
    如果不勾选，封装和符号将像往常一样通过唯一的标识符连接，而不是通过位号。每个封装的位号将被更新以匹配其链接符号的位号。
    
    这个选项一般不应该被选中。它对于依赖改变原理图符号和封装之间的联系的特定工作流程是很有用的，例如重构原理图以方便布局，或者在设计的相同通道之间复制布局。
    
    | 删除没有符号的封装
    | 如果选中，PCB 中任何在原理图中没有相应符号的封装都将从 PCB 中删除。带有 "不在原理图中" 属性的封装将不受影响。
    
    如果不勾选，没有相应符号的封装将不会被删除。
    
    | 用原理图中指定的封装替换封装
    | 如果选中，PCB 中的封装将被替换成相应原理图符号中指定的封装。
    
    如果不勾选，即使原理图符号被更新以指定不同的封装，PCB 中已经存在的封装也不会被改变。

note: type: Title ===
en: Update Schematic from PCB (back annotation)
zh: 从 PCB 上更新原理图（反向批注）

note: type: Plain text
en: The typical workflow in KiCad is to make changes in the schematic and then sync the changes to the board using the Update PCB From Schematic tool. However, the reverse process is also possible: design changes can be made in the board and then synced back to the schematic using **Tools** -> **Update Schematic From PCB** in either the schematic or board editors. This process is also known as backannotation.
zh: KiCad 的典型工作流程是在原理图中进行修改，然后使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将修改内容同步到电路板上。然而，相反的过程也是可行的：可以在电路板上进行设计修改，然后在原理图或电路板编辑器中使用 **工具** -> **从 PCB 更新原理图** 同步回原理图。这个过程也被称为 "反向批注"。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update schematic from PCB
zh: 从 PCB 上更新原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool syncs changes in reference designators, values, footprint assignments, and net names from the board to the schematic. Each type of change can be individually enabled or disabled.
zh: 该工具将位号、数值、封装分配和网络名称的变化从电路板同步到原理图。每种类型的变化都可以单独启用或禁用。

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the schematic are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The schematic is not modified until you click the **Update Schematic** button.
zh: 将对原理图进行的修改列在 _待应用的修改_ 窗格中。在您点击 **更新原理图** 按钮之前，原理图不会被修改。

note: type: Table
en: | Option | Description
    | Re-link footprints to schematic symbols based on their reference designators
    | If checked, each footprint in the PCB will be re-linked to the symbol that has
    the same reference designator as the footprint. This option is incompatible with
    updating symbol reference designators.
    
    If unchecked, footprints and symbols will be linked by unique identifier as
    usual, rather than by reference designator.
    
    | Reference designators
    | If checked, symbol reference designators will be updated to match the
    reference designators of the linked footprints.
    
    If unchecked, symbol reference designators will not be updated.
    
    | Values
    | If checked, symbol values will be updated to match the values of the linked
    footprints.
    
    If unchecked, symbol values will not be updated.
    
    | Footprint assignments
    | If checked, footprint assignments will be updated for symbols which have had
    their footprints changed or replaced in the board. 
    
    If unchecked, symbol footprint assignments will not be updated.
    
    | Net names
    | If checked, the schematic will be updated with any net name changes that have
    been made in the board. Net labels will be updated or added to the schematic as
    necessary to match the board.
    
    If unchecked, net names will not be updated in the schematic.
zh: | 选项 | 描述
    | 根据位号将封装重新链接到原理图符号上
    | 如果选中，PCB 中的每个封装将被重新链接到与该封装具有相同位号的符号上。这个选项与更新符号位号不兼容。
    
    如果不勾选，封装和符号将像往常一样通过唯一的标识符连接，而不是通过位号。
    
    | 位号
    | 如果选中，符号位号将被更新，以匹配链接封装的位号。
    
    如果不勾选，符号位号将不会被更新。
    
    | 值
    | 如果选中，符号值将被更新以匹配链接封装的值。
    
    如果不勾选，符号值不会被更新。
    
    | 封装分配
    | 如果选中，符号的封装分配将被更新，这些符号的封装在电路板上被改变或替换。
    
    如果不勾选，符号的封装分配将不会被更新。
    
    | 网络名
    | 如果选中，原理图将根据电路板上的任何网络名变化进行更新。如有必要，网络标签将被更新或添加到原理图中，以符合电路板的要求。
    
    如果不勾选，网络名将不会在原理图中更新。

note: type: Plain text
en: The xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#geographical-re-annotation[Geographical Reannotation]
          feature can be used in combination with backannotating reference
          designators to reannotate all components in the design based on their
          location in the layout.
zh: The xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#geographical-re-annotation[按位置重新批注]
          该功能可以与反向批注位号结合使用
          根据设计中的元件的位置重新批注所有元件。

note: type: Title ====
en: Back annotation with CMP files
zh: 用 CMP 文件进行反向批注

note: type: Plain text
en: Select changes can also be synced from the PCB back to the schematic by exporting a CMP file from the PCB editor (**File** -> **Export** -> **Footprint Association (.cmp) File...**) and importing it in the Schematic Editor (**File** -> **Import** -> **Footprint Assignments...**).
zh: 通过从 PCB 编辑器中导出 CMP 文件（**文件** -> **导出** -> **封装关联（.cmp）文件...**）并在原理图编辑器中导入（**文件** -> **导入** -> **封装分配...**），也可以将变化从 PCB 同步到原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: This method can only sync changes made to footprint assignments and footprint fields. It is recommended to use the Update Schematic from PCB tool instead.
zh: 这种方法只能同步对封装分配和封装字段的修改。建议使用 "从 PCB 更新原理图" 工具来代替。

note: type: Title ==
en: Simulator
zh: 仿真器

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad provides an embedded electrical circuit simulator using http://ngspice.sourceforge.net[ngspice] as the simulation engine. All but the simplest simulations will require you to add simulation models to your symbols before you can simulate your schematic.
zh: KiCad 提供了一个嵌入式电路仿真器，使用 http://ngspice.sourceforge.net[ngspice] 作为模拟引擎。 除了最简单的模拟之外，所有仿真都需要您在仿真原理图之前将仿真模型添加到您的符号中。

note: type: Plain text
en: When working with the simulator, the official `Simulation_SPICE` symbol library may be useful. It contains common symbols used for simulation, like voltage/current sources and transistors with pins numbered to match the ngspice node order specification.
zh: 使用仿真器时，官方的 `Simulation_SPICE` 符号库可能会有用。 它包含用于仿真的常用符号，如电压/电流源和晶体管，其引脚编号与 ngspice 节点顺序规范相匹配。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad includes a few demo projects to illustrate the simulator's capabilities.  They can be found in the `demos/simulation` directory.
zh: 也有一些演示项目来说明仿真器的功能。 你可以在 _demos/simulation_ 目录下找到它们。

note: type: Title ===
en: Value notation
zh: 值的表示

note: type: Plain text
en: The simulator supports several notations for writing numerical values:
zh: 仿真器支持多种书面的数值表示法：

note: type: Plain text
en: Plain notation : `10100`, `0.003`,
zh: 简单表示法 : `10100`, `0.003`,

note: type: Plain text
en: Scientific notation: `1.01e4`, `3e-3`,
zh: 科学表示法: `1.01e4`, `3e-3`,

note: type: Plain text
en: Prefix notation: `10.1k`, `3m`.
zh: 前缀表示法: `10.1k`, `3m`.

note: type: Plain text
en: RKM notation: `4k7`, `10R`.
zh: RKM 表示法: `4k7`, `10R`.

note: type: Plain text
en: You can mix prefix and scientific notations. As such, `3e-4k` is a valid input and is equivalent to `0.3`. The list of valid prefixes is shown below. The prefixes are case sensitive.
zh: 您可以混合使用前缀和科学记数法。 因此， `3e-4k` 是一个有效输入，相当于 `0.3`。 有效前缀列表如下所示。 前缀区分大小写。

note: type: Table
en: | Prefix | Meaning | Value
    
    | a | atto | 10^-18^ 
    | f | femto | 10^-15^ 
    | p | pico | 10^-12^ 
    | n | nano | 10^-9^ 
    | u | micro | 10^-6^ 
    | m | milli | 10^-3^ 
    | k | kilo | 10^3^ 
    | M | mega | 10^6^ 
    | G | giga | 10^9^ 
    | T | tera | 10^12^ 
    | P | peta | 10^15^ 
    | E | exa | 10^15^
zh: | 前缀 | 含义 | 值
    
    | a | atto | 10^-18^ 
    | f | femto | 10^-15^ 
    | p | pico | 10^-12^ 
    | n | nano | 10^-9^ 
    | u | micro | 10^-6^ 
    | m | milli | 10^-3^ 
    | k | kilo | 10^3^ 
    | M | mega | 10^6^ 
    | G | giga | 10^9^ 
    | T | tera | 10^12^ 
    | P | peta | 10^15^ 
    | E | exa | 10^15^

note: type: Plain text
en: <<sim-builtin,Raw SPICE Element>> models and <<sim-directives,directives>> are passed to ngspice directly, without KiCad reformatting the values for ngspice to consume. Ngspice uses a different, case-insensitive notation: 1 mega (10^6^) is denoted there as `1Meg`, while `1M` is 1 milli (10^-3^). Depending on the compatibility mode selected, ngspice may not support the same value notations as KiCad, so care should be taken when using raw SPICE elements and simulation directives.
zh: <<sim-builtin,原始 SPICE 元素>> 模型和 <<sim-directives,标识符>> 直接传递给 ngspice，无需 KiCad 重新格式化值以供 ngspice 使用。 Ngspice 使用不同的、不区分大小写的表示法：1 兆 (10^6^) 表示为`1Meg`，而 `1M` 是 1 毫 (10^-3^)。 根据所选的兼容模式，ngspice 可能不支持与 KiCad 相同的值表示法，因此在使用原始 SPICE 元素和仿真标识符时应小心。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning models
zh: 分配模型

note: type: Plain text
en: You need to assign simulation models to symbols before you can simulate your circuit.
zh: 您需要先将仿真模型分配给符号，然后才能仿真您的电路。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each symbol can have only one model assigned, even if the symbol consists of multiple units. For symbols with multiple units, you should assign the model to the first unit.
zh: 每个符号只能分配一个模型, 即使该符号包含多个单元也是如此。 对于具有多个单元的符号, 您应该将模型分配给第一个单元。

note: type: Plain text
en: SPICE model information is stored as text in symbol fields. Therefore you may define it in either the symbol editor or the schematic editor. To assign a simulation model to a symbol, open the Symbol Properties dialog and click the **Simulation Model...** button, which opens the Simulation Model Editor dialog.
zh: SPICE 模型信息以文本形式存储在符号字段中。 因此，您可以在符号编辑器或原理图编辑器中定义它。 要将仿真模型分配给符号，请打开符号属性对话框并单击 **仿真模型...** 按钮，这将打开仿真模型编辑器对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can exclude a symbol from simulation entirely by checking the **exclude from simulation** checkbox in the Symbol Properties dialog.
zh: 您可以通过选中“符号属性”对话框中的**从仿真中排除**复选框从仿真中排除一个符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Inferred models
zh: 推断模型

note: type: Plain text
en: Resistor, inductor, and capacitor models can be inferred, which means that KiCad will detect that they are passives and automatically assign an appropriate simulation model. Therefore they do not require any special settings; users only need to set the `Value` field of the symbol.
zh: 电阻、电感和电容的模型是可以推断，这意味着 KiCad 将检测到它们是无源的并自动分配适当的仿真模型。 因此它们不需要任何特殊设置； 用户只需要设置符号的 `值` 字段即可。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad infers simulation models for symbols based on the following criteria:
zh: KiCad 根据以下标准推断符号的仿真模型：

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol has exactly two pins,
zh: 该符号恰好有两个引脚,

note: type: Plain text
en: The reference designator begins with `R`, `L` or `C`.
zh: 位号以 `R`, `L` 或 `C` 开头。

note: type: Plain text
en: Inferred models are ideal models. If the simulation requires a non-ideal model, you must explicitly assign a model.
zh: 推断模型是理想模型。 如果仿真需要非理想模型，则必须明确分配模型。

note: type: Title ====
en: Built-in models
zh: 内置模型

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad offers several standard simulation models. They do not require an external model file. The following devices are available:
zh: KiCad 提供多种标准仿真模型。 它们不需要外部模型文件。 以下元件可用：

note: type: Plain text
en: Resistors (including potentiometers), capacitors, inductors
zh: 电阻（包括电位器）、电容、电感

note: type: Plain text
en: Transmission lines
zh: 传输线

note: type: Plain text
en: Switches
zh: 开关

note: type: Plain text
en: Voltage and current sources
zh: 电压源和电流源

note: type: Plain text
en: Diodes
zh: 二极管

note: * XSPICE code models type: Plain text
en: Transistors (BJT, MOSFET, MESFET, and JFET)
zh: 晶体管 (BJT, MOSFET, MESFET 及 JFET)

note: type: Plain text
en: Raw SPICE elements
zh: 原始SPICE元素

note: TODO: XSPICE code models may not exist in v7 type: Plain text
en: To add a built-in model to a symbol, open the Simulation Model Editor dialog (**Symbol Properties** -> **Simulation Model...**) and select **Built-in SPICE model**.
zh: 要将内置模型添加到符号，请打开仿真模型编辑器对话框（**符号属性** -> **仿真模型...**）并选择**内置 SPICE 模型**。

note: type: Plain text
en: Refer to the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation] for more details about these models.
zh: 有关这些模型的更多详细信息，请参阅 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档]。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up built-in models
zh: 设置内置模型的界面

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/sim_SME_builtin.png
zh: images/zh/options_editing.png

note: type: Plain text
en: **Device** sets the type of device to simulate: a resistor, BJT, voltage source,
    etc. This value is stored in the symbol's `Sim.Device` field.
zh: **元件** 设置要仿真的元件类型：电阻、BJT、电压源等。此值存储在符号的 `Sim.Device` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Type** selects the type of model to use for the device. Most devices have
    several types of models to choose from, which may vary in their degree of
    accuracy, which characteristics they are optimized for, and what parameters they
    have available. Refer to the ngspice documentation for details. This value is
    stored in the symbol's `Sim.Type` field.
zh: **类型** 选择用于元件的模型类型。 大多数元件都有多种类型的模型可供选择，它们的准确度、优化的特性以及可用参数可能会有所不同。 有关详细信息，请参阅 ngspice 文档。 该值存储在符号的 `Sim.Type` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **parameters** tab displays the parameters of the model and lets you edit them. For example, a resistor's resistance, a voltage source's waveform, a MOSFET's width and length, etc. Any parameters that differ from the model's defaults are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: **参数** 选项卡显示元件的参数并允许您编辑它们。 例如，电阻器的电阻、电压源的波形、MOSFET 的宽度和长度等。任何与模型默认值不同的参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **code** tab displays the generated SPICE model as it will be written to the SPICE netlist for simulation.
zh: **编码** 选项卡显示生成的 SPICE 模型，因为它将被写入 SPICE 网表以进行仿真。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Save parameter '<parameter name>' in Value field** checkbox uses the symbol's `Value` field for storing parameters instead of the `Sim.Params` field.  This may make it easier to edit simple models from the schematic, without opening the Simulation Model Editor. This option is only available for ideal passive models (R, L, C) and DC sources. If the field `Sim.Params` exists in the symbol, it will take priority over the `Value` field.
zh: **在值字段中的保存参数 '<parameter name>'** 复选框使用符号的 `值` 字段而不是 `Sim.Params` 字段来存储参数。 这可以更轻松地从原理图编辑简单模型，而无需打开仿真模型编辑器。 此选项仅适用于理想的无源模型（R、L、C）和直流电源。 如果符号中存在 `Sim.Params` 字段，它将优先于 `值` 字段。

note: type: Title ====
en: Library models
zh: 库模型

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can load SPICE models from external files. The models must be in a standard SPICE format and not encrypted.
zh: KiCad 可以从外部文件加载 SPICE 模型。 模型必须采用标准 SPICE 格式且未加密。

note: type: Plain text
en: To load a model from an external file, open the Simulation Model Editor dialog (**Symbol Properties** -> **Simulation Model...**) and select **SPICE model from file**.
zh: 要从外部文件加载模型，请打开仿真模型编辑器对话框（**符号属性** -> **仿真模型...**）并从文件中选择 **SPICE 模型**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up library models from file
zh: 从文件设置库模型的接口

note: type: Plain text
en: **File** is the path to the model file to use. The path can be absolute or
    relative to the project folder. The path can also be relative to the value of 
    `SPICE_LIB_DIR` if you have
    xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[defined that path variable].
    The library filename is saved in the symbol's `Sim.Library` field.
zh: **File** 是要使用的模型文件的路径。 路径可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对于项目文件夹的路径。 路径也可以是相对于 `SPICE_LIB_DIR` 的值，如果你已经
    xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[定义该路径变量]。 库文件名保存在符号的 `Sim.Library` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Model** is the name of the desired model in the model file. If the file
    contains multiple models, they will all be listed in the dropdown. The selected
    model is listed in the symbol's `Sim.Name` field.
zh: **Model** 是模型文件中所需模型的名称。 如果文件包含多个模型，它们将全部列在下拉列表中。 所选模型列在符号的 `Sim.Name` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Parameters can be overridden (or additional parameters specified) using the **parameters** tab. All parameters specified in the selected model or the **parameters** tab are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: 可以使用 **parameters** 选项卡覆盖参数（或指定其他参数）。 在所选模型或 **参数** 选项卡中指定的所有参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not ship with SPICE models for symbols. SPICE models are usually available from device manufacturers.
zh: KiCad 不附带符号的 SPICE 模型。 SPICE 模型通常可从设备制造商处获得。

note: type: Title ====
en: Library models (IBIS)
zh: 库模型 (IBIS)

note: type: Plain text
en: IBIS (I/O Buffer Information Specification) files are an alternative to SPICE models for modeling the behavior of input/output buffers on digital parts. In order to load an IBIS file, users should follow the procedure for SPICE library models, but provide a `.ibs` file.
zh: IBIS（I/O 缓冲区信息规范）文件是 SPICE 模型的替代品，用于对数字部件上的输入/输出缓冲区的行为进行建模。 为了加载 IBIS 文件，用户应遵循 SPICE 库模型的相关流程，并提供一个 `.ibs` 文件。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up ibis models
zh: 设置Ibis模型的接口

note: type: Plain text
en: **File** is the path to the model file to use. The path can be absolute or
    relative to the project folder. The path can also be relative to the value of
    `SPICE_LIB_DIR` if you have
    xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[defined that path variable].
    The library filename is saved in the symbol's `Sim.Library` field. If an IBIS
    model file is loaded, the remaining fields in the dialog will relate to the IBIS
    model.
zh: **文件** 是要使用的模型文件的路径。 路径可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对于项目文件夹的路径。 路径也可以是相对于 `SPICE_LIB_DIR` 的值，如果你已经
    xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[定义该路径变量]。
    库文件名保存在符号的`Sim.Library`字段中。 如果加载了 IBIS 模型文件，对话框中的其余字段将与 IBIS 模型相关。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Component** selects which component from the IBIS file to use, as IBIS files
    can contain multiple components. The component name is saved in the symbol's
    `Sim.Name` field.
zh: **元件** 从 IBIS 文件中选择要使用的元件，因为 IBIS 文件可以包含多个元件。 元件名称保存在符号的
    `Sim.Name` 字段。

note: TODO, mention "differential" checkbox type: Plain text
en: **Pin** selects which pin in the IBIS model to simulate. The selected pin must
    be mapped to a symbol pin in the **Pin Assignments** tab. The chosen pin's
    number is saved in the symbol's `Sim.Ibis.Pin` field.
zh: **Pin** 选择 IBIS 模型中的哪个引脚进行仿真。 所选引脚必须映射到 **引脚分配** 选项卡中的符号引脚。 所选引脚的编号保存在符号的 `Sim.Ibis.Pin` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Model** is the list of models available for the selected pin, for example an
    input or an output. The chosen model name is saved in the symbol's
    `Sim.Ibis.Model` field.
zh: **模型** 是所选引脚可用的模型列表，例如输入或输出。 所选模型名称保存在符号的 `Sim.Ibis.Model` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Type** selects what the pin should do in the simulation. A pin can be a passive
    **device** that doesn't drive any value; it can be a **DC driver** that drives
    high, low, or high-impedance; or it can be a **rectangular wave** or
    **PRBS driver**.  This value is stored in the symbol's `Sim.Type` field.
zh: **类型** 选择引脚在仿真中应该做什么。 引脚可以是不驱动任何值的无源**元件**； 它可以是驱动高阻抗、低阻抗或高阻抗的 **DC 驱动器**； 或者它可以是 **矩形波** 或 **PRBS 驱动器**。 该值存储在符号的 `Sim.Type` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Parameters** tab lets you see and edit the parameters of the model. For each parameter, you can switch between a minimum, typical, or maximum value, as defined in the IBIS file. You can also choose the parameters of the driven waveform, depending on the pin's chosen **type**. Any parameters that differ from the defaults are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: **参数** 选项卡可让您查看和编辑模型的参数。 对于每个参数，您可以在 IBIS 文件中定义的最小值、典型值或最大值之间切换。 您还可以根据引脚选择的**类型**来选择驱动波形的参数。 任何不同于默认值的参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not ship with IBIS models for symbols. IBIS models are usually available from device manufacturers.
zh: KiCad 不附带符号的 IBIS 模型。 IBIS 模型通常可从设备制造商处获得。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's `Simulation_SPICE` symbol library provides several symbols that may be useful for IBIS simulations. `IBIS_DEVICE` can be used for device (input) pins, while `IBIS_DRIVER` can be used for simulating driver pins. There are also variants of each for differential pins.
zh: KiCad 的 `Simulation_SPICE` 符号库提供了几个可能对 IBIS 仿真有用的符号。 `IBIS_DEVICE` 可用于元件（输入）引脚，而 `IBIS_DRIVER` 可用于仿真驱动器引脚。 每个差分引脚也有类似符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Pin Assignment
zh: 引脚分配

note: type: Plain text
en: Simulation models may have their pins numbered differently than the corresponding symbol. For example, SPICE models for diodes usually consider pin 1 to be the anode, while schematic symbols are usually drawn with pin 1 as the cathode.
zh: 仿真模型的引脚编号可能与相应符号不同。 例如，二极管的 SPICE 模型通常将引脚 1 视为阳极，而原理图符号通常将引脚 1 视为阴极。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can use the Simulation Model Editor's **Pin Assignments** tab to map the symbol's pins to the simulation model pins.
zh: 您可以使用仿真模型编辑器的 **引脚分配** 选项卡将符号的引脚映射到仿真模型引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Always make sure symbol pins are correctly mapped to simulation model
          pins.
zh: 始终确保符号引脚正确映射到仿真模型引脚。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface for pin assignment
zh: 用于封装分配的导入工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The left column displays the name and number of each symbol pin. For each symbol pin, you can select the corresponding pin from the simulation model in the dropdown in the right column.
zh: 左列显示每个符号引脚的名称和编号。 对于每个符号引脚，您可以从右列下拉列表中的仿真模型中选择相应的引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: When you use a subcircuit model, the dialog displays the model's code under the pin assignments for use as a reference while assigning pins.
zh: 当您使用子电路模型时，该对话框会在引脚分配下显示模型代码，以在分配引脚时用作参考。

note: type: Title ===
en: SPICE directives
zh: SPICE 标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: It is possible to add SPICE directives by placing them in text fields on a schematic sheet. This approach is convenient for defining the default simulation type. The list of supported directives in text fields is:
zh: 可以在原理图图纸的文本字段中放置 SPICE 标识符。 这种方法便于定义默认模拟类型。 文本字段中支持的标识符列表是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Directives starting with a dot (e.g. `.tran 10n 1m`)
zh: 以点开头的标识符（例如 `.tran 10n 1m`）

note: type: Plain text
en: Coupling coefficients for inductors (e.g. `K1 L1 L2 0.89`)
zh: 电感耦合系数（例如 `K1 L1 L2 0.89`)

note: type: Plain text
en: It is not possible to place additional components using text fields.
zh: 无法使用文本字段放置其他元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a simulation command is included in schematic text, the simulator will use it as the simulation command when you open the simulator. However, you can override it in the Simulation Command dialog.
zh: 如果原理图文本中包含仿真命令，则当您打开仿真器时，仿真器将使用它作为仿真命令。 但是，您可以在“仿真命令”对话框中覆盖它。

note: type: Plain text
en: Refer to the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation] for more details about SPICE directives.
zh: 有关 SPICE 标识符的更多详细信息，请参阅 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档]。

note: type: Title ===
en: Running simulations
zh: 运行仿真

note: type: Title ====
en: User Interface
zh: 用户界面

note: type: Plain text
en: To run a simulation, open the SPICE simulator dialog by clicking **Inspect** -> **Simulator** in the schematics editor window or using the image:images/icons/simulator_24.png[simulator icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 要运行仿真，请在原理图编辑器窗口中单击 **检查** -> **仿真** 或使用顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/simulator_24.png[simulator icon] 按钮打开 SPICE 仿真器对话框。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Main simulation dialog
zh: 主仿真对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The dialog is divided into several sections:
zh: 该对话框分为几个部分：

note: type: Plain text
en: The top of the window has a toolbar with buttons for commonly used actions.
zh: 窗口顶部有一个工具栏，其中包含常用操作的按钮。

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en: The main part of the window graphically shows the simulation results. Signals need to be probed before they are displayed in the plot.
zh: 窗口的主要部分以图形方式显示仿真结果。 在图中显示信号之前需要对其进行探测。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below the plot panel, the output console shows logs from the ngspice simulation engine.
zh: 在绘图面板下方，输出控制台显示来自 ngspice 仿真引擎的日志。

note: type: Plain text
en: The right side of the window displays a list of plotted signals, a list of active cursors, and a tuning tool for adjusting component values based on simulation results.
zh: 窗口的右侧显示绘制信号列表、活动光标列表和用于根据仿真结果调整元件值的调整工具。

note: type: Title ====
en: Workbooks
zh: 工作簿

note: type: Plain text
en: Workbooks are files that store information about the simulation environment, including simulation setup parameters and the list of displayed signals.  They can be used to store the setup for a set of analyses, which can then be reloaded and rerun at a later time.
zh: 工作簿是存储有关仿真环境信息的文件，包括仿真设置参数和显示信号列表。 它们可用于存储一组分析的设置，然后可以重新加载并在以后重新运行。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can save and load a workbook using **File** -> **Save Workbook** and **File** -> **Open Workbook**.
zh: 您可以使用 **文件** -> **保存工作簿** 和 **文件** -> **打开工作簿** 保存和加载工作簿。

note: type: Plain text
en: Workbooks store simulation setup information, but they do not store
          simulation results. You can export simulation results to PNG (graphics) or
          CSV (data points) with **File** -> **Export Current Plot as PNG...** and
          **File** -> **Export Current Plot as CSV...**.
zh: 工作簿存储仿真设置信息，但不存储仿真结果。 您可以使用 **文件** -> **将当前图形导出为PNG...** 和 **文件** -> **将当前图形导出为CSV...**, 将仿真结果导出为 PNG（图形）或 CSV（数据点） 。

note: type: Title ====
en: Running a Simulation
zh: 运行仿真

note: type: Plain text
en: Before running a simulation, you need to select a simulation type and choose the simulation parameters. This can be done using **Simulation** -> **Settings...** or the **Sim Command** button (image:images/icons/config_24.png[]) and then selecting one of the available analysis types:
zh: 在运行仿真之前，您需要选择仿真类型并选择仿真参数。 这可以使用 **仿真** -> **设置...** 或 **仿真命令** 按钮 (image:images/icons/config_24.png[]) 然后选择一种可用的分析类型：

note: type: Plain text
en: AC
zh: 交流

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en: DC Transfer
zh: 直流传输

note: type: Plain text
en: Operating Point
zh: 工作点

note: type: Plain text
en: Transient
zh: 瞬态

note: type: Plain text
en: Custom
zh: 自定义

note: type: Plain text
en: Analysis types are further explained in the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation].
zh: 分析类型在 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档] 中有进一步解释。

note: type: Plain text
en: An alternative way to configure a simulation is to type <<sim-directives,SPICE directives>> into text fields on schematics. Any text field directives related to a simulation command are overridden by the settings selected in the dialog. This means that once a simulation has run, the dialog overrides the schematic directives until the simulator is reopened.
zh: 配置仿真的另一种方法是在原理图的文本字段中输入<<sim-directives,Spice 指令>>。任何与仿真类型有关的文本字段指令都会被对话框中选择的设置所覆盖。这意味着，一旦你开始使用仿真对话框，对话框就会覆盖原理图的指令，直到重新打开仿真器。

note: type: Plain text
en: Once the simulation command is set, users can start a simulation with **Simulation** -> **Start Simulation** (kbd:[Ctrl+R]) or the **Run/Stop Simulation** button (image:images/icons/sim_run_24.png[run simulation icon]).
zh: 设置仿真命令后，用户可以使用 **仿真** -> **开始仿真** (kbd:[Ctrl+R]) 或 **运行/停止仿真** 按钮 (image:images/icons/sim_run_24.png[运行模拟图标])开始仿真。

note: type: Title =====
en: AC analysis
zh: 交流分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: AC analysis window
zh: 交流分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: Calculates the small signal AC behavior of the circuit in response to a stimulus. Performs a decade sweep of stimulus frequency.
zh: 计算电路响应激励的小信号交流行为。执行激励频率频程为10的扫描。

note: type: Plain text
en: To run an AC analysis, you must choose a number of points to measure per decade and the start and end frequencies for the decade sweep.
zh: 要运行 AC 分析，您必须选择每十倍频程测量的点数以及十倍频程扫描的开始和结束频率。

note: type: Plain text
en: The output is displayed as a Bode plot (output magnitude and phase vs. a decade sweep of stimulus frequency).
zh: 输出显示为波特图（输出幅度和相位 vs. 激励频率频程为10的扫描）。

note: type: Title =====
en: DC transfer analysis
zh: 直流传输分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: DC analysis window
zh: 直流分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: Calculates the DC behavior of the circuit while sweeping one or two sources (voltage or current), resistors, or the simulation temperature.
zh: 在扫描一个或两个电压或电流源、电阻或模拟温度时计算电路的直流行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: To run a DC analysis, you must choose what type of sweep(s) to perform, which source, resistor, or temperature value(s) to sweep, and what the sweep range(s)  and step(s) should be.
zh: 要运行 DC 分析，您必须选择要执行的扫描类型、扫描时用什么源、电阻或温度值，以及扫描范围和步进值应该是什么。

note: type: Plain text
en: The output is displayed as a plot.
zh: 输出显示为绘图。

note: type: Title =====
en: Operating point analysis
zh: 工作点分析

note: type: Plain text
en: Calculates the DC operating point of the circuit. This analysis has no options, and results are printed to the SPICE log.
zh: 计算电路的直流工作点。 该分析没有选项，结果打印到 SPICE 日志中。

note: type: Title =====
en: Transient analysis
zh: 瞬态分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Transient analysis window
zh: 瞬态分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: Calculates the time-varying behavior of the circuit.
zh: 计算电路的时变行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: To run a transient analysis, you need to specify a suggested time step and a final simulation time. You can optionally specify a starting time to override the default of 0.
zh: 要运行瞬态分析，您需要指定建议的时间步长和最终仿真时间。 您可以选择指定一个开始时间来覆盖默认值 0。

note: type: Title =====
en: Custom analysis
zh: 自定义分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Custom analysis window
zh: 自定义分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: A custom analysis lets you write SPICE commands to set up the analysis. Press the **Load directives from schematic** button to copy any SPICE directives in schematic text into the custom analysis textbox.
zh: 自定义分析让您可以编写 SPICE 命令来设置分析。 按**从原理图中加载标识符**按钮，将原理图文本中的任何 SPICE 标识符复制到自定义分析文本框中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Refer to the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation] for more information about analysis commands.
zh: 有关分析命令的更多信息，请参阅 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档]。

note: type: Title =====
en: Additional simulation settings
zh: 额外的仿真设置

note: type: Plain text
en: There are several simulation options that apply to all types of simulations.
zh: 有几个仿真选项适用于所有类型的模拟。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Add full path for .include library directives** controls whether to convert
    relative paths to absolute in `.include` directives in schematic text.
zh: **为 .include 库标识符添加完整路径** 控制是否将原理图文本中的 `.include` 标识符的相对路径转换为绝对路径。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Save all voltages** and **Save all currents** controls whether the simulator
    saves voltages and currents, respectively, for internal nodes of devices. When
    unchecked, the simulator only saves voltages and currents for external nodes.
zh: **保存所有电压** 和 **保存所有电流** 控制仿真器是否分别为元件的内部节点保存电压和电流。 未选中时，仿真器仅保存外部节点的电压和电流。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Compatibility mode** dropdown selects the compatibility mode that the simulator uses to load models. The **User configuration** option refers to the user's `.spiceinit` ngspice configuration file. Compatibility modes are described in the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation].
zh: **兼容模式**下拉列表选择仿真器用于加载模型的兼容模式。 **用户配置** 选项是指用户的 `.spiceinit` ngspice 配置文件。 兼容模式在 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档] 中进行了描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Probing signals
zh: 探测信号

note: type: Title =====
en: Using the signal list
zh: 使用信号列表

note: type: Plain text
en: You can display a list of available signals with **Simulation** -> **Add signals** (kbd:[Ctrl+A] hotkey or image:images/icons/sim_add_signal_24.png[add signal icon] button). Double clicking an element in the list will add it to list of probed signals. Several signals can be selected at once using the kbd:[Ctrl] / kbd:[Shift] keys.
zh: 您可以使用 **仿真** -> **添加信号**（kbd:[Ctrl+A] 快捷键或 image:images/icons/sim_add_signal_24.png[添加信号图标] 按钮）显示可用信号列表。 双击列表中的元素会将其添加到探测信号列表中。 使用 kbd:[Ctrl] / kbd:[Shift] 键可以一次选择多个信号。

note: type: Title =====
en: Using the probe tool
zh: 使用探测工具

note: type: Plain text
en: A probe tool is available in the toolbar of the simulator window (image:images/icons/sim_probe_24.png[]), which provides a user-friendly way of selecting signals for plotting. When activated, users can click elements in the schematic editor. To probe a voltage, click a wire with the probe tool. When hovering over wires with the tool, the corresponding net is highlighted. To probe a current, click on a symbol pin. When hovering over a pin, the cursor will change from a voltage probe symbol to a current clamp symbol. It is not possible to probe power signals with this tool.
zh: 仿真器窗口的工具栏中提供了一个探测工具 (image:images/icons/sim_probe_24.png[])，它提供了一种友好的方式来选择信号进行绘图。 激活后，用户可以单击原理图编辑器中的元素。 要探测电压，请使用探测工具单击导线。 当使用该工具将鼠标悬停在导线上时，相应的网络会突出显示。 要探测电流，请单击符号引脚。 将鼠标悬停在引脚上时，光标将从电压探头符号变为电流钳符号。 无法使用此工具探测电源信号。

note: type: Title =====
en: Using a SPICE directive
zh: 使用SPICE标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: While ngspice supports the `.plot` directive, it cannot be used in current versions of KiCad.
zh: 虽然 ngspice 支持 `.plot` 标识符，但它不能在当前版本的 KiCad 中使用。

note: type: Title =====
en: Differential voltage
zh: 差分电压

note: type: Plain text
en: Probing differential voltages usually requires a simulation symbol. One is available in `Simulation_SPICE:VOLTMETER_DIFF` in the official libraries. This symbol has two terminals for differential voltage sensing, and one the user can probe.
zh: 探测差分电压通常需要仿真符号。 在官方库的 `Simulation_SPICE:VOLTMETER_DIFF` 中可用。 该符号有两个用于差分电压感测的端子，用户可以探测。

note: type: Plain text
en: A SPICE model called `kicad_builtin_vdiff` is preassigned to the built-in `VOLTMETER_DIFF` symbol. Users should not define a SPICE model with the same name.
zh: 名为 `kicad_builtin_vdiff` 的 SPICE 模型已预先分配给内置 `VOLTMETER_DIFF` 符号。 用户不应定义同名的 SPICE 模型。

note: type: Plain text
en: It is also possible to probe across two-terminal devices such as a resistor by placing the `.probe vd(X)` directive, where `X` is the name of the device (such as `R1`). Then in order to probe it, enter `vd_X` when adding a signal using the list of signals. Note that the signal will not appear in the list of signals, it should be typed in by the user. This method has the advantage of not adding extra symbols to the schematic sheet.
zh: 也可以通过放置 `.probe vd(X)` 标识符来探测电阻器等两端元件，其中 `X` 是设备的名称（例如 `R1`）。 为了探测它，在使用信号列表添加信号时输入 `vd_X` 。 请注意，该信号不会出现在信号列表中，它应该由用户输入。 这种方法的优点是不向原理图图纸添加额外的符号。

note: // TODO: AMMETER_DIFF is not in the official libs ===== Differential currents Probing differential currents can be performed using the `Simulation_SPICE:AMMETER_DIFF` symbol in the official libraries. It has four input terminals, and two that should be shunted together. The latter two are used for p
en: Remove a signal probe
zh: 删除信号探针

note: type: Plain text
en: In order to remove a signal probe, double click on it in the signal list, or right-click it and select **Remove Signal**.
zh: 要删除信号探针，请在信号列表中双击它，或右键单击它并选择 **Remove Signal**。

note: type: Title ====
en: Tuning components
zh: 调整元件

note: type: Plain text
en: It is possible to change passive (R, L, C) values using sliders to graphically adjust them. Whenever the slider is set to a new position, the simulation is run with the new parameters and plots are updated. In order to add a slider for a component, use **Simulation** -> **Tune Component Value** or the image:images/icons/sim_tune_24.png[tune icon] button in the toolbar, and then click on the component to tune.
zh: 可以使用滑块更改被动（R、L、C）值，以图形方式调整它们。 每当将滑块设置到新位置时，都会使用新参数运行仿真并更新绘图。 要为元件添加滑块，请使用 **仿真** -> **调整元件值** 或工具栏中的 image:images/icons/sim_tune_24.png[tune icon] 按钮，然后单击要调整的元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: The top text field sets the maximum component value.
zh: 顶部的文本字段设置了最大的元件值。

note: type: Plain text
en: The middle text field sets the actual component value.
zh: 中间的文本字段设置实际的元件值。

note: type: Plain text
en: The bottom text field sets the minimum component value.
zh: 底部的文本字段设置了最小元件值。

note: type: Plain text
en: The slider allows the user to modify the component value.
zh: 滑块允许用户修改元件值。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Save** button modifies component value on the schematic to the value selected with the slider.
zh: **保存** 按钮将原理图上的元件值修改为使用滑块选择的值。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[trash icon] button removes the component from the Tune panel and restores its original value.
zh: 单击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 按钮将元件从调整面板中删除并恢复其原始值。

note: type: Title ====
en: Visualizing results
zh: 可视化结果

note: type: Title =====
en: Plotted quantities
zh: 绘制数量

note: type: Plain text
en: This section applies to simulation commands that output vectors such as `.ac` and `.tran`.
zh: 本节适用于输出诸如 `.ac` 和 `.tran` 等向量的仿真命令。

note: type: Plain text
en: Simulation results are visualized as plots. There can be multiple plots opened in separate tabs, but only the active one is updated when a simulation is executed. This way it is possible to compare simulation results for different runs.
zh: 仿真结果为可视化的图形。 可以在单独的选项卡中打开多个图，但在执行仿真时只会更新活动图。 这样就可以比较运行多次的仿真结果。

note: type: Plain text
en: Plots can be customized by toggling grid and legend visibility using the **View** menu. When a legend is visible, it can be dragged to change its position. You can toggle the plot background from dark to light with **View** -> **White Background** and switch current and phase plots to use dotted lines instead of solid with **View** -> **Dotted Current/Phase**.
zh: 可以使用 **视图** 菜单切换网格和图例可见性来自定义绘图。 当图例可见时，可以拖动它来更改其位置。 您可以使用 **视图** -> **白色背景** 将绘图背景从暗切换到亮，并使用 **视图** -> **虚线电流/相位** 将电流和相位图切换为使用虚线而不是实线。

note: type: Plain text
en: For precise measurement, it is possible to add a cursor to a a signal. To do so, right click on a signal name in the **Signals** pane and select **Show Cursor**.  It is then possible to move the cursor to the point of interest. The values are then shown in the *Cursor* section of the window. To hide a cursor, right click on a signal and select **Hide Cursor**.  Each signal may have one cursor displayed.
zh: 为了精确测量，可以将光标添加到信号中。 为此，请右键单击 **信号** 窗格中的信号名称并选择 **显示光标**。 然后可以将光标移动到感兴趣的点。 然后，这些值将显示在窗口的 *光标* 部分。 要隐藏光标，请右键单击信号并选择 **隐藏光标**。 每个信号可能显示一个光标。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following interactions are possible with the plot panel:
zh: 绘图面板可以进行以下交互：

note: type: Plain text
en: scroll mouse wheel to zoom in/out
zh: 滚动鼠标滚轮来放大/缩小

note: type: Plain text
en: right click to open a context menu to adjust the view
zh: 右击打开上下文菜单，以调整视图

note: type: Plain text
en: draw a selection rectangle to zoom in the selected area
zh: 绘制一个选择矩形，以放大所选区域

note: type: Plain text
en: drag a cursor to change its coordinates
zh: 拖动光标以改变其坐标

note: type: Title =====
en: Numerical values
zh: 数值

note: type: Plain text
en: Some analysis types, such as the DC operating point analysis (`.op`), do not have any graphical output to plot. Instead, their output is printed in the SPICE console.
zh: 一些分析类型，例如 DC 工作点分析 (`.op`)，没有任何要绘制的图形输出。 相反，它们的输出打印在 SPICE 控制台中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Exporting results
zh: 导出结果

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's simulator offers two ways to export results:
zh: KiCad 的仿真器提供了两种导出结果的方式：

note: type: Plain text
en: As an image using **File** -> **Export Current Plot as PNG...**
zh: 作为图像使用 **文件** -> **将当前图导出为 PNG...**

note: type: Plain text
en: As a `.csv` file containing the datapoints using **File** -> **Export Current Plot as CSV...**.
zh: 作为包含数据点的 `.csv` 文件，使用 **文件** -> **将当前图导出为 CSV...**。

note: type: Title ====
en: Troubleshooting
zh: 查错

note: type: Title =====
en: Incorrect netlist
zh: 网表不正确

note: type: Plain text
en: It is possible to inspect the SPICE netlist with **Simulation** -> **Show SPICE netlist...**. This method of troubleshooting requires some SPICE knowledge, but spotting errors in the netlist can help determine the cause of simulation problems.
zh: 可以使用 **仿真** -> **显示 SPICE 网表...** 检查 SPICE 网表。 这种查错方法需要一些 SPICE 知识，但发现网表中的错误有助于确定仿真问题的原因。

note: type: Title =====
en: Simulation error
zh: 仿真错误

note: type: Plain text
en: The output console displays messages from the simulator. It is advised to check the console output to verify there are no errors or warnings.
zh: 输出控制台显示来自仿真器的消息。 建议检查控制台输出以验证没有错误或警告。

note: type: Title =====
en: Convergence problems
zh: 收敛问题

note: type: Plain text
en: In case the simulation does not converge in a reasonable amount of time (or not at all), it is possible to add the following SPICE directives.
zh: 如果仿真在合理的时间内没有收敛（或根本没有收敛），可以添加以下 SPICE 标识符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Changing convergence options can lead to erroneous results. These options should be used with caution.
zh: 更改收敛选项可能会导致错误的结果。 应谨慎使用这些选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: `gmin` is the minimum conductance allowed by the program.  The default value is `1e-12`.
zh: `gmin` 是程序允许的最小电导率。 默认值为 `1e-12`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `abstol` is the absolute current error tolerance of the program. The default value is 1 pA.
zh: `abstol` 是程序的绝对电流误差容忍度。 默认值为 1 pA。

note: type: Plain text
en: `reltol` is the relative error tolerance of the program. The default value is `0.001` (0.1%).
zh: `reltol` 是程序的相对容错度。 默认值为 `0.001`（0.1%）。

note: type: Plain text
en: `cshunt` adds a capacitor from each voltage node in the circuit to ground.
zh: `cshunt` 在电路中的每个电压节点和地之间添加一个电容器。

note: type: Title ==
en: Symbols and Symbol Libraries
zh: 符号和符号库

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad organizes symbols into symbol libraries, which hold collections of symbols. Each symbol in a schematic is uniquely identified by a full name that is composed of a library nickname and a symbol name. For example, the identifier `Audio:AD1853` refers to the `AD1853` symbol in the `Audio` library.
zh: KiCad 将符号组织到符号库中，符号库是符号的集合。原理图中的每个符号都由一个完整的名称作为唯一标识，完整的名称由库的名称和符号名称组成。例如，标识符 `Audio:AD1853` 是指 `Audio` 库中的 `AD1853` 符号。

note: type: Title ===
en: Managing symbol libraries
zh: 管理符号库

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad uses a table of symbol libraries to map a symbol library nickname to an underlying symbol library on disk.  Kicad uses a global symbol library table as well as a table specific to each project. To edit either symbol library table, use **Preferences** -> **Manage Symbol Libraries...**.
zh: KiCad 使用一个符号库表将符号库名称映射到磁盘上的符号库。 KiCad 使用一个全局的符号库表，以及一个针对每个工程的表。要编辑符号库表，请使用 **偏好设置** -> **管理符号库...**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: sym lib table dlg
zh: 符号库列表对话框

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en: The global symbol library table contains the list of libraries that are always available regardless of the currently loaded project. The table is saved in the file `sym-lib-table` in the KiCad configuration folder.  xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[The location of this folder] depends on the operating system being used.
zh: 全局符号库表包含了无论当前加载的工程是什么，都可以使用的库列表。该表保存在 KiCad 配置文件夹下的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。xref:./kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[该文件夹的位置] 取决于使用的操作系统。

note: type: Plain text
en: The project specific symbol library table contains the list of libraries that are available specifically for the currently loaded project. If there are any project-specific symbol libraries, the table is saved in the file `sym-lib-table` in the project folder.
zh: 工程专用的符号库表包含了专门为当前加载工程提供的库的列表。如果有任何工程专用的符号库，该表将保存在工程文件夹下的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The first time the KiCad Schematic Editor is run and the global symbol table file `sym-lib-table` is not found in the KiCad configuration folder, KiCad will guide the user through setting up a new symbol library table. This process is described <<initial-configuration,above>>.
zh: 第一次运行 KiCad 原理图编辑器时，如果在 KiCad 配置文件夹中没有找到全局符号表文件 `sym-lib-table`，KiCad 将引导用户设置一个新的符号库表。这个过程将在 <<initial-configuration,初始配置>>中描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Managing Table Entries
zh: 管理表格条目

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol libraries can only be used if they have been added to either the global or project-specific symbol library table.
zh: 符号库只有在它们被添加到全局或工程专用的符号库表中时才能使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Add a library either by clicking the image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[Folder icon] button and selecting a library or clicking the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] button and typing the path to a library file. The selected library will be added to the currently opened library table (Global or Project Specific). Libraries can be removed by selecting desired library entries and clicking the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Delete icon] button.
zh: 通过点击 image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[文件夹图标] 按钮然后选择一个库或点击 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 按钮然后输入库文件的路径来添加一个库。选定的库将被添加到当前打开的库表中（全局或特定工程）。可以通过选择所需的库条目并点击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除图标] 按钮来删除库。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/small_up_16.png[Up icon] and image:images/icons/small_down_16.png[Down icon] buttons move the selected library up and down in the library table. This does not affect the display order of libraries in the Symbol Library Browser, Symbol Editor, or Add Symbol tool.
zh: 点击 image:images/icons/small_up_16.png[向上图标] 和 image:images/icons/small_down_16.png[向下图标] 按钮在库表中上下移动所选库。这并不影响符号库浏览器、符号编辑器或添加符号工具中库的显示顺序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Libraries can be made inactive by unchecking the *Active* checkbox in the first column. Inactive libraries are still in the library table but do not appear in any library browsers and are not loaded from disk, which can reduce loading times.
zh: 通过取消选中第一列中的 *Active* 复选框，可以使库处于非活动状态。非活动状态的库仍然在库表中，但不会出现在任何库的浏览器中，也不会从磁盘加载，这可以减少加载时间。

note: type: Plain text
en: A range of libraries can be selected by clicking the first library in the range and then kbd:[Shift]-clicking the last library in the range.
zh: 通过点击范围内的第一个库，然后 kbd:[Shift] - 点击范围内的最后一个库，可以选择一系列的库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each library must have a unique nickname: duplicate library nicknames are not allowed in the same table. However, nicknames can be duplicated between the global and project library tables. Libraries in the project table take precedence over libraries with the same name in the global table.
zh: 每个库必须有一个独特的名称：在同一个表中不允许有重复的库名称。然而，名称可以在全局和工程库表中重复。工程表中的库比全局表中的同名库优先级更高。

note: type: Plain text
en: Library nicknames do not have to be related to the library filename or path. The colon character (`:`) cannot be used in library nicknames or symbol names because it is used as a separator between nicknames and symbols.
zh: 库的名称不一定要与库的文件名或路径有关。冒号字符（`:`）不能在库的名称或符号名称中使用，因为它被用作名称和符号之间的分隔符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each library entry must have a valid path. Paths can be defined as absolute, relative, or by <<environment-variable-substitution,environment variable substitution>>.
zh: 每个库条目必须有一个有效的路径。路径可以定义为绝对的、相对的，或者通过<<environment-variable-substitution,环境变量替换>>来定义。

note: type: Plain text
en: The appropriate library format must be selected in order for the library to be properly read. "KiCad" format is used for KiCad version 6+ libraries (`.kicad_sym` files), while "Legacy" format is used for libraries from older versions of KiCad (`.lib` files). Legacy libraries are read-only, but can be migrated to KiCad format libraries using the **Migrate Libraries** button (see section <<migrating-libraries,Migrating Legacy Libraries>>).
zh: 必须选择适当的库格式，以便正确读取库。"KiCad" 格式用于 KiCad 6+ 版本的库（`.kicad_sym` 文件），而 "Legacy" 格式用于 KiCad 旧版本的库（`.lib` 文件）。遗留库是只读的，但可以通过 **迁移库** 按钮迁移到 KiCad 格式的库（见<<migrating-libraries,迁移遗留库>>一节）。

note: type: Plain text
en: There is an optional description field to add a description of the library entry. The option field is not used at this time so adding options will have no effect when loading libraries.
zh: 有一个可选的描述字段，用于添加库条目的描述。选项字段目前不使用，所以添加选项在加载库时不会有任何影响。

note: type: Title ====
en: Environment Variable Substitution
zh: 环境变量的替代

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol library tables support environment variable substitution, which allows you to define environment variables containing custom paths to where your libraries are stored. Environment variable substitution is supported by using the syntax `${ENV_VAR_NAME}` in the symbol library path.
zh: 符号库表支持环境变量的替换，这允许你定义包含自定义路径的环境变量来存储你的库。通过在符号库路径中使用 `${ENV_VAR_NAME}` 的语法，支持环境变量的替换。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, KiCad defines several environment variables which are described in the xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[project manager documentation]. Environment variables can be configured in the **Preferences** -> **Configure Paths...** dialog.
zh: 默认情况下，KiCad 定义了几个环境变量，这些变量在 xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#kicad-environment-variables[工程管理文档] 中描述。环境变量可以在 **偏好设置** -> **配置路径...** 对话框中进行配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Using environment variables in the symbol library tables allows libraries to be relocated without breaking the symbol library tables, so long as the environment variables are updated when the library location changes.
zh: 在符号库表中使用环境变量，可以在不破坏符号库表的情况下重新定位库，只要在库的位置改变时更新环境变量即可。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${KIPRJMOD}` is a special environment variable that always expands to the absolute path of the current project directory. `${KIPRJMOD}` allows libraries to be stored in the project folder without having to use an absolute path in the project library table. This makes it possible to relocate projects without breaking their project library tables.
zh: `${KIPRJMOD}` 是一个特殊的环境变量，总是展开为当前工程目录的绝对路径。`${KIPRJMOD}` 允许将库存储在工程文件夹中，而不必在工程库表中使用绝对路径。这使得重新定位工程而不破坏其工程库表成为可能。

note: type: Title ====
en: Usage Patterns
zh: 使用模式

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol libraries can be defined either globally or specifically to the currently loaded project. Symbol libraries defined in the user's global table are always available and are stored in the `sym-lib-table` file in the user's KiCad configuration folder. The project-specific symbol library table is active only for the currently open project file.
zh: 符号库可以全局定义，也可以专门为当前加载的工程定义。在用户的全局表中定义的符号库总是可用的，并存储在用户的 KiCad 配置文件夹中的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。工程专用的符号库表只对当前打开的工程文件有效。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Defining all libraries in the global table means they will always be available when needed. The disadvantage of this is that load time will increase.
zh: 每种方法都有其优点和缺点。在全局表中定义所有的库意味着它们在需要时总是可用的。这样做的缺点是，加载时间会增加。

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining all symbol libraries on a project specific basis means that you only have the libraries required for the project which decreases symbol library load times. The disadvantage is that you always have to remember to add each symbol library that you need for every project.
zh: 在工程的基础上定义所有的符号库，意味着你只有工程所需的库，这减少了符号库的加载时间。缺点是你总是要记住添加每个工程所需的每个符号库。

note: type: Plain text
en: One usage pattern would be to define commonly used libraries globally and the libraries only required for the project in the project specific library table. There is no restriction on how to define libraries.
zh: 一种使用模式是在全局范围内定义常用的库，并在工程专用的库表中定义工程所需的库。对于如何定义库没有任何限制。

note: type: Title ====
en: Migrating Legacy Libraries
zh: 迁移遗留库

note: type: Plain text
en: Legacy libraries (`.lib` files) are read-only, but they can be migrated to KiCad version 6 libraries (`.kicad_sym`). KiCad version 6 libraries cannot be viewed or edited by KiCad versions older than 6.0.0.
zh: 遗留库（`.lib` 文件）是只读的，但它们可以被迁移到 KiCad 6 版本的库（`.kicad_sym`）。6.0.0 以下的 KiCad 版本不能查看或编辑 KiCad 6 版本的库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Legacy libraries can be converted to KiCad 6 libraries by selecting them in the symbol library table and clicking the **Migrate Libraries** button. Multiple libraries can be selected and migrated at once by kbd:[Ctrl]-clicking or kbd:[shift]-clicking.
zh: 通过在符号库表中选择遗留库并点击 **迁移库** 按钮，可以将其转换为 KiCad 6 库。通过 kbd:[Ctrl] - 点击或 kbd:[shift] -点击，可以一次选择和迁移多个库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Libraries can also be converted one at a time by opening them in the Symbol Editor and saving them as a new library.
zh: 也可以一次转换一个库，方法是在符号编辑器中打开它们并将它们另存为新库。

note: type: Title ====
en: Legacy Project Remapping
zh: 遗留工程重新映射

note: type: Plain text
en: When loading a schematic created prior to the symbol library table implementation, KiCad will attempt to remap the symbol library links in the schematic to the appropriate library table symbols.  The success of this process is dependent on several factors:
zh: 当加载在符号库表实现之前创建的原理图时，KiCad 将尝试将原理图中的符号库链接重新映射到适当的库表符号。 这个过程的成功与否取决于几个因素：

note: type: Plain text
en: the original libraries used in the schematic are still available and unchanged from when the symbol was added to the schematic.
zh: 原理图中使用的原始库仍然可用，并且与符号被添加到原理图中时相比没有变化。

note: type: Plain text
en: all rescue operations were performed when detected to create a rescue library or keep the existing rescue library up to date.
zh: 所有恢复操作都是在检测到创建恢复库或保持现有恢复库最新时进行的。

note: type: Plain text
en: the integrity of the project symbol cache library has not been corrupted.
zh: 工程符号缓存库的完整性没有被破坏。

note: type: delimited block =
en: The remapping will make a back up of all the files that are changed during remapping in the rescue-backup folder in the project folder.  Always make a back up of your project before remapping just in case something goes wrong.
zh: 重新映射将在工程文件夹中的 `rescue-backup` 文件夹中备份所有在重新映射期间被改变的文件。 在重新映射之前，一定要对你的工程做一个备份，以防出错。

note: type: delimited block =
en: The rescue operation is performed even if it has been disabled to ensure the correct symbols are available for remapping.  Do not cancel this operation or the remapping will fail to correctly remap schematics symbols.  Any broken symbol links will have to be fixed manually.
zh: 即使恢复操作已被禁用，也会被执行，以确保正确的符号可用于重新映射。 不要取消这个操作，否则重新映射将不能正确地重新映射原理图符号。 任何错误的符号链接将不得不手动修复。

note: type: delimited block =
en: If the original libraries have been removed and the rescue was not performed, the cache library can be used as a recovery library as a last resort. Copy the cache library to a new file name and add the new library file to the top of the library list using a version of KiCad prior to the symbol library table implementation.
zh: 如果原来的库已经被删除，并且没有进行恢复，作为最后的手段，缓存库可以作为恢复库使用。将缓存库复制到一个新的文件名，并使用符号库表实现之前的 KiCad 版本将新的库文件添加到库列表的顶部。

note: type: Title ===
en: Creating and editing symbols
zh: 创建和编辑符号

note: type: Title ====
en: Overview of symbols and symbol libraries
zh: 符号和符号库的概述

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol is a schematic representation of a component. A symbol is composed of:
zh: 符号是一个元件的在原理图上的表述。一个符号由以下部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphical items (lines, circles, arcs, text, etc.) that determine how symbol looks in a schematic.
zh: 图形对象（直线、圆形、圆弧、文字等），决定了符号在原理图中的外观。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins, which have both graphic properties (line, clock, inverted, low level active, etc.) and electrical properties (input, output, bidirectional, etc.) used by the Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool.
zh: 引脚，具有图形属性（直线、时钟、反相、低电平有效等）和电气属性（输入、输出、双向等），由电气规则检查（ERC）工具使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Fields, such as references, values, corresponding footprint names for PCB design, etc.
zh: 字段，如位号、值、PCB 设计的对应封装名称等。

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol library is composed of one or more symbols. Generally the symbols are logically grouped by function, type, and/or manufacturer.
zh: 符号库是由一个或多个符号组成的。一般来说，这些符号按功能、类型和/或制造商进行逻辑分组。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can be derived from another symbol in the same library. Derived symbols share the base symbol's graphical shape and pin definitions, but can override the base symbol's property fields (value, footprint, footprint filters, datasheet, description, etc.). Derived symbols can be used to define symbols that are similar to a base part. For example, 74LS00, 74HC00, and 7437 symbols could all be derived from a 7400 symbol. In previous versions of KiCad, derived symbols were referred to as aliases.
zh: 符号可以从同一库中的另一个符号衍生出来。派生符号共享基础符号的图形形状和引脚定义，但可以覆盖基础符号的属性字段（值、封装、封装筛选器、数据手册、描述等）。派生符号可用于定义与基本部件相似的符号。例如，74LS00、74HC00 和 7437 符号都可以从 7400 符号衍生出来。在以前的 KiCad 版本中，派生符号被称为别名。

note: type: Title ====
en: Symbol Editor overview
zh: 符号编辑器概述

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad provides a symbol editing tool that allows you to create libraries, add, delete or transfer symbols between libraries, export symbols to files, and import symbols from files.
zh: KiCad 提供了一个符号编辑工具，允许你创建库，在库之间添加、删除或转移符号，将符号导出到文件，并从文件中导入符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: In general, the flow for designing a symbol involves:
zh: 一般来说，设计一个符号的流程包括：

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining if the symbol is made up of one or more units.
zh: 定义符号是否由一个或多个单元组成。

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining if the symbol has an alternate body style (also known as a De Morgan representation).
zh: 定义符号是否有替代的主体风格（也称为德摩根代号）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Designing its symbolic representation using lines, rectangles, circles, polygons and text.
zh: 使用直线、矩形、圆形、多边形和文字设计其符号外观。

note: type: Plain text
en: Adding pins by carefully defining each pin's graphical elements, name, number, and electrical property (input, output, tri-state, power output, etc.).
zh: 添加引脚，并仔细定义每个引脚的图形元素、名称、编号和电气属性（输入、输出、三态、电源输出等）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Determining if the symbol should be derived from another symbol with the same graphical design and pin definition.
zh: 确定该符号是否应从另一个具有相同图形设计和引脚定义的符号中衍生出来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Adding optional fields such as the name of the footprint used by the PCB design software and/or defining their visibility.
zh: 添加可选的字段，如 PCB 设计软件使用的封装名称和/或定义其可见性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Documenting the symbol by adding a description string and links to data sheets, etc.
zh: 通过添加描述字符串和数据手册链接来记录该符号，等等。

note: type: Plain text
en: Saving it in the desired library.
zh: 将其保存在所需的库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Editor main window is shown below. It consists of three toolbars for quick access to common features and a symbol viewing/editing area.  Not all commands are available on the toolbars, but all commands are available in the menus.
zh: 符号编辑器的主窗口如下所示。它包括三个用于快速访问常用功能的工具栏和一个符号查看/编辑区。 不是所有的命令都可以在工具栏上使用，但所有的命令都可以在菜单中使用。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Editor main window
zh: 符号编辑器主窗口

note: type: Title =====
en: Main Toolbar
zh: 主工具栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The main toolbar is at the top of the main window. It has buttons for the undo/redo commands, zoom commands, symbol properties dialogs, and unit/representation management controls.
zh: 主工具栏位于主窗口的顶部。工具栏的按钮包括撤销/重做命令、缩放命令、符号属性对话框和单元外观管理控制等。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[New symbol icon]
    |Create a new symbol in the selected library.
    
    |image:images/icons/save_24.png[Save icon]
    |Save the currently selected library. All modified symbols in the library will
    be saved.
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[Undo icon]
    |Undo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[Redo icon]
    |Redo last undo.
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[Refresh icon]|Refresh display.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[Zoom in icon]|Zoom in.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[Zoom out icon]|Zoom out.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[Zoom to fit page icon]|Zoom to fit symbol in display.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[Zoom to selection icon]|Zoom to fit selection.
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_ccw_24.png[Rotate counterclockwise icon]|Rotate counter-clockwise.
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_cw_24.png[Rotate clockwise icon]|Rotate clockwise.
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_h_24.png[Mirror horizontally icon]|Mirror horizontally.
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_v_24.png[Mirror vertically icon]|Mirror vertically.
    
    |image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[Symbol properties icon]
    |Edit the current symbol properties.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[Pin table icon]
    |Edit the symbol's pins in a tabular interface.
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[Datasheet icon]
    |Open the symbol's datasheet, if it is defined.
    
    |image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC icon]
    |Test the current symbol for design errors.
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[Normal body style icon]
    |Select the normal body style. The button is disabled if the current
    symbol does not have an alternate body style.
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[Alternate body style icon]
    |Select the alternate body style. The button is disabled if the current
    symbol does not have an alternate body style.
    
    |image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[alt="Unit dropdown",width="80%"]
    |Select the unit of a multi-unit symbol to display. The drop down control will
    be disabled if the current symbol is not derived from a symbol with multiple
    units.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[Synchronized pin edit mode icon]
    |Enable synchronized pins edit mode. When this mode is enabled, any pin
    modifications are propagated to all other symbol units. Pin number changes are
    not propagated. This mode is automatically enabled for symbols with multiple
    interchangeable units and cannot be enabled for symbols with only one unit.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[Add symbol to schematic icon]
    |Insert current symbol into the schematic.
zh: |image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[新建符号图标] 
    |在选定的库中创建一个新的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/save_24.png[保存图标]
    |保存当前选定的库。库中所有修改过的符号都将被保存。
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[撤消图标]
    |撤销上次的编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[重做图标]
    |重做最后一次撤消。
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[刷新图标] |刷新显示。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[放大图标]|放大。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[缩小图标]|缩小。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[放大到适合页面的图标]|放大到适合显示的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[放大到选择图标]|放大到适合选择。
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_ccw_24.png[逆时针旋转图标]|逆时针旋转。
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_cw_24.png[顺时针旋转图标]|顺时针旋转。
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_h_24.png[水平镜像图标]|水平镜像。
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_v_24.png[垂直镜像图标]|垂直镜像。
    
    |image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[符号属性图标] 
    |编辑当前的符号属性。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[引脚表图标] 
    |在一个表格界面中编辑符号的引脚。
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[数据手册图标] 
    |打开符号的数据手册，如果它被定义的话。
    
    |image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC图标] 
    |测试当前符号是否有设计错误。
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[普通主体样式图标] 
    |选择正常的主体风格。如果当前符号没有备选的主体样式，该按钮将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[备用主体样式图标] 
    |选择备用的主体风格。如果当前的符号没有备用的主体风格，该按钮将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[alt="单元下拉",width="80%"]
    |选择要显示的多单元符号的某个单元。如果当前的符号不是来自于多单元的符号，则下拉控件将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[同步引脚编辑模式图标]
    |启用同步引脚编辑模式。启用该模式后，任何引脚的修改都会传播到所有其他符号单元。引脚编号的变化不会被传播。这种模式对有多个可互换单元的符号自动启用，对只有一个单元的符号不能启用。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[添加符号到原理图图标]
    将当前符号插入原理图中。

note: type: Title =====
en: Element Toolbar
zh: 元素工具栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The vertical toolbar located on the right hand side of the main window allows you to place all of the elements required to design a symbol.
zh: 位于主窗口右侧的垂直工具栏允许你放置设计一个符号所需的所有元素。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[Cursor icon]
    |Select tool. Right-clicking with the select tool opens the context menu
    for the object under the cursor. Left-clicking with the select tool
    displays the attributes of the object under the cursor in the message
    panel at the bottom of the main window. Double-left-clicking with the
    select tool will open the properties dialog for the object under the
    cursor.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_24.png[Pin icon]
    |Pin tool. Left-click to add a new pin.
    
    |image:images/icons/text_24.png[Text icon]
    |Graphical text tool. Left-click to add a new graphical text item.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_textbox_24.png[Textbox icon]
    |Graphical textbox tool. Left-click to add a new graphical textbox item.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[Add rectangle icon]
    |Rectangle tool. Left-click to begin drawing the first corner of a
    graphical rectangle. Left-click again to place the opposite corner of
    the rectangle.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[Add circle icon]
    |Circle tool. Left-click to begin drawing a new graphical circle from
    the center. Left-click again to define the radius of the circle.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[Add arc icon]
    |Arc tool. Left-click to begin drawing a new graphical arc item from the
    first arc end point. Left-click again to define the second arc end point.
    Adjust the radius by dragging the arc center point.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[Add line icon]
    |Connected line tool. Left-click to begin drawing a new graphical line item
    in the current symbol. Left-click for each additional connected line.
    Double-left-click to complete the line.
    
    |image:images/icons/anchor_24.png[Anchor icon]
    |Anchor tool. Left-click to set the anchor position of the symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_cursor_24.png[Delete icon]
    |Delete tool. Left-click to delete an object from the current symbol.
zh: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[游标图标] 
    |选择工具。用选择工具右键单击可以打开光标下的对象的上下文菜单。用选择工具左键单击，在主窗口底部的信息面板中显示光标下的对象的属性。用选择工具左键双击将打开光标下对象的属性对话框。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_24.png[引脚图标]
    |引脚工具。左键点击可以添加一个新的引脚。
    
    |image:images/icons/text_24.png[文字图标]
    |图形文字工具。左键单击以添加一个新的图形文本项目。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_rectangle_24.png[添加矩形图标]
    |矩形工具。左键单击开始绘制图形矩形的第一个角。再次左键单击以放置矩形的另一个角。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_circle_24.png[添加圆形图标]
    |圆形工具。左键单击，开始从中心绘制一个新的圆形。再次左键单击来定义圆的半径。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_arc_24.png[添加弧形图标] 
    |弧形工具。左键单击，从第一个弧形端点开始绘制一个新的图形弧项目。再次左键单击以定义第二个弧形端点。通过拖动弧形中心点来调整半径。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[添加直线图标]
    |连接线工具。左键单击开始在当前符号中绘制一个新的图形线项。每增加一条连接线都要左击。双击左键来完成该线。
    
    |image:images/icons/anchor_24.png[锚点图标]
    |锚点工具。左键单击以设置符号的锚定位置。
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_cursor_24.png[删除图标]
    |删除工具。左键单击，从当前符号中删除一个对象。

note: type: Title =====
en: Options Toolbar
zh: 选项工具栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The vertical tool bar located on the left hand side of the main window allows you to set some of the editor drawing options.
zh: 位于主窗口左侧的垂直工具栏允许你设置编辑器的绘图选项。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[Grid icon]
    |Toggle grid visibility on and off.
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[Inch unit icon]
    |Set units to inches.
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[Millimeter unit icon]
    |Set units to mils (0.001 inch).
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[Millimeter unit icon]
    |Set units to millimeters.
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[Cursor shape icon]
    |Toggle full screen cursor on and off.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_show_etype_24.png[Show pintype icon]
    |Toggle display of pin electrical types.
    
    |image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[Symbol tree icon]
    |Toggle display of library and symbol tree.
zh: |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[网格图标] 
    |切换网格是否可见。
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[英寸单位图标] 
    |设置单位为英寸。
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[毫米单位图标] 
    |设置单位为mil（0.001英寸）。
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[毫米单位图标] 
    |设置单位为毫米。
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[光标形状图标] 
    |切换全屏十字光标的开启和关闭。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_show_etype_24.png[显示引脚类型图标]
    |切换是否显示引脚的电气类型。
    
    |image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[符号工作区图标]
    |切换显示库和符号工作区。

note: type: Title ====
en: Saving symbols to libraries
zh: 将符号保存到库中

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[Symbol tree icon] button displays or hides the list of available libraries, which allows you to select an active library. When a symbol is saved, it will be placed in this library.
zh: 这个 image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[符号工作区图标] 按钮显示或隐藏可用库的列表，可以选择一个活动库。当一个符号被保存时，它将被放在这个库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking the image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[Symbol tree icon] icon on the left toolbar toggles the treeview of libraries and symbols. Clicking on a symbol opens that symbol.
zh: 点击左侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/search_tree_24.png[符号工作区图标] 图标，可以切换库和符号的树状视图。点击一个符号就可以打开该符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbols are derived from other symbols. Derived symbol names are displayed in __italics__ in the treeview. If a derived symbol is opened, its symbol graphics will not be editable. Its symbol fields will be editable as normal. To edit the graphics of a base symbol and all of its derived symbols, open the base symbol.
zh: 有些符号是由其他符号衍生出来的。派生的符号名称在树状图中以 __大写字母__ 显示。如果一个派生符号被打开，它的符号图形将不能被编辑。它的符号字段将可以正常编辑。要编辑一个基本符号及其所有衍生符号的图形，请打开基本符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: After modification, a symbol can be saved in the current library or a different library.
zh: 修改后的符号可以保存在当前库或不同的库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: To save the modified symbol in the current library, click the image:images/icons/save_24.png[Save icon] icon. The modifications will be written to the existing symbol.
zh: 要在当前库中保存修改后的符号，请点击 image:images/icons/save_24.png[保存图标] 图标。修改的内容将被写入现有的符号中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Saving a modified symbol also saves all other modified symbols in the same
          library.
zh: 保存一个修改过的符号也会保存同一库中所有其他修改过的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: To save the symbol changes to a new symbol, click **File** -> **Save As...**.  The symbol can be saved in the current library or a different library. A new name can be set for the symbol.
zh: 要把符号保存为一个新的符号，请点击 **文件** -> **另存为...**。 符号可以保存在当前库或不同的库中。可以为该符号设置一个新的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: To create a new file containing only the current symbol, click **File** -> **Export** -> **Symbol...**. This file will be a standard library file which will contain only one symbol.
zh: 要创建一个只包含当前符号的新文件，请点击 **文件** -> **导出** -> **符号...**。这个文件将是一个标准库文件，只包含一个符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Creating symbols
zh: 创建符号

note: type: Title =====
en: Creating a new symbol
zh: 创建一个新符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A new symbol can be created by clicking the image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[New symbol icon] icon.  You will be asked for a number of symbol properties.
zh: 点击 image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[新建符号图标] 图标就可以创建一个新的符号。 你会被要求提供一些符号的属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol name
zh: 符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: An optional base symbol to derive the new symbol from. The new symbol will use the base symbol's graphical shape and pin configuration, but other symbol information can be modified in the derived symbol. The base symbol must be in the same library as the new derived symbol.
zh: 一个可选的基础符号，用于派生新的符号。新符号将使用基础符号的图形形状和引脚配置，但其他符号信息可以在派生符号中修改。基础符号必须与新派生符号在同一个库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The reference designator prefix (`U`, `C`, `R`...).
zh: 位号前缀（`U`, `C`, `R`）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The number of units per package, and whether those units are interchangeable (for example a 7400 quad NAND symbol could have 4 units, one for each gate).
zh: 每个符号的单元数，以及这些单元是否可以互换（例如，一个 7400 四路 NAND 符号可以有 4 个单元，每个门一个）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If an alternate body style (sometimes referred to as a "De Morgan equivalent")  is desired.
zh: 是否需要另一种主体样式（有时被称为 "德-摩根等价"）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the symbol is a power symbol. Power symbols appear in the *Add Power Symbol* dialog in the Schematic editor, their `Value` fields are not editable in the schematic, they cannot be assigned a footprint, they are not added to the PCB, and they are not included in the bill of materials.
zh: 该符号是否为电源符号。电源符号出现在原理图编辑器的 *添加电源符号* 对话框中，它们的 "值" 字段在原理图中不可编辑，不能为它们分配一个封装，它们不会被添加到 PCB 上，也不包括在物料清单中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the symbol should be excluded from the bill of materials.
zh: 该符号是否应从物料清单中排除。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the symbol should be excluded from the PCB.
zh: 该符号是否应从 PCB 中排除。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are also several graphical options.
zh: 还有几种图形选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: The offset between the end of each pin and its pin name.
zh: 每个引脚的末端和它的引脚名称之间的偏移。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the pin number and pin name should be displayed.
zh: 是否应显示引脚编号和引脚名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the pin names should be displayed alongside the pins or at the ends of the pins inside the symbol body.
zh: 引脚名称是否应显示在引脚旁边，或显示在符号主体内的引脚末端。

note: type: Plain text
en: These properties can also be changed later in the <<symbol-properties, Symbol Properties window>>.
zh: 这些属性以后也可以在<<symbol-properties, 符号属性窗口>>中修改。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: New symbol properties
zh: 新建符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: A new symbol will be created using the properties above and will appear in the editor as shown below.
zh: 一个新的符号将使用上述属性被创建，并将出现在编辑器中，如下图所示。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Newly created symbol
zh: 新建的符号

note: type: Plain text
en: The blue cross in the center is the symbol anchor, which specifies the symbol origin i.e. the coordinates (0, 0). The anchor can be repositioned by selecting the image:images/icons/anchor_24.png[Anchor icon] icon and clicking on the new desired anchor position.
zh: 中间的蓝色十字是符号的锚，它指定了符号的原点，即坐标（0，0）。锚点可以通过选择 image:images/icons/anchor_24.png[锚点图标] 图标并点击新的所需锚点位置来重新定位。

note: type: Title =====
en: Creating a symbol from another symbol
zh: 从一个符号创建一个符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Often, the symbol that you want to make is similar to one already in a symbol library. In this case it is easy to load and modify an existing symbol.
zh: 通常，你想制作的符号与符号库中已有的符号相似。在这种情况下，加载和修改一个现有的符号是很容易的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Load the symbol which will be used as a starting point.
zh: 加载将被作为起点的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Save a new copy of the symbol using **File** -> **Save As...**. The Save As dialog will prompt for a name for the new symbol and the library to save it in.
zh: 使用 **文件** -> **另存为...** 保存一个新的符号副本。"另存为" 对话框将提示新符号的名称和要保存在哪个库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Edit the new symbol as required.
zh: 根据需要编辑新的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Save the modified symbol.
zh: 保存修改后的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol properties are set when the symbol is created but they can be modified at any point. To change the symbol properties, click on the image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[Symbol properties icon] button to show the Symbol Properties dialog. You can also double click an empty spot in the editing canvas.
zh: 符号属性是在创建符号时设置的，但它们可以在任何时候被修改。要改变符号属性，请点击 image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[符号属性图标] 图标，显示符号属性对话框。你也在编辑画布中空白位置双击打开属性对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: It is important to set the *number of units* and check *all units are interchangeable* and *has alternate body style*, as applicable, because these settings affect how pins and graphics are added to each symbol unit.
zh: 设置 *单元数量*，并检查 *所有单元都可互换* 和 *具有交替的主体风格*（如适用）是很重要的，因为这些设置会影响引脚和图形被添加到每个符号单元的方式。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you change the number of units per package after adding the pins to the symbol, you will need to do extra work to add pins and graphics for the additional units. The pins and graphics would have been automatically added to each unit had these properties been correctly set initially. Nevertheless, it is possible to modify these properties at any time.
zh: 如果你在向符号添加引脚后再改变符号的单元数，你将需要做额外的工作来为额外的单元添加引脚和图形。如果最初正确设置了这些属性，引脚和图形就会自动添加到每个单元。尽管如此，还是可以在任何时候修改这些属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: The graphic options *Show pin number* and *Show pin name* define the visibility of the pin number and pin name text. The option *Place pin names inside* defines the pin name position relative to the pin body.  The pin names will be displayed inside the symbol outline if the option is checked. In this case the *Pin Name Position Offset* property defines the shift of the text away from the body end of the pin. A value from `0.02` to `0.05` inches is usually reasonable.
zh: 图形选项 *显示引脚编号* 和 *显示引脚名称* 用来定义引脚编号和引脚名称文本的可见性。选项 *将引脚名称置于内部* 定义了引脚名称相对于引脚主体的位置。如果该选项被选中，引脚名称将被显示在符号的轮廓内。在这种情况下，*引脚名称位置偏移* 属性定义了文字远离引脚末端的位置。通常，0.02 到 0.05 英寸是合理的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The example below shows a symbol with the *Place pin name inside* option unchecked. Notice the position of the names and pin numbers.
zh: 下面的例子显示了一个没有勾选 *将引脚名称置于内部* 选项的符号。注意名称和引脚编号的位置。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Place pin name inside unchecked
zh: 未勾线将引脚名称置于内部

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Symbol Name, Description, and Keywords
zh: ====== 符号名称、描述和关键词

note: type: Plain text
en: *Symbol name* is the symbol's name in the library. Symbols are identified by a
    combination of the library and symbol name.
zh: *符号名称* 是符号在库中的名称。符号是由库和符号名称的组合来识别的。

note: type: Plain text
en: In previous versions of KiCad, the symbol name was linked to the `Value` field.  This link is removed in KiCad 7.0 and later.
zh: 在以前的 KiCad 版本中，符号名称与 `值` 字段相连。 在 KiCad 7.0 及以后的版本中，这种联系被删除。

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol description should contain a brief description of the component, such as the component function, distinguishing features, and package options. The keywords should contain additional terms related to the component. Keywords are used primarily to assist in searching for the symbol.
zh: 符号描述应包含对元件的简要描述，如元件的功能、显著特征和封装选项。关键字应包含与该元件相关的其他术语。关键词主要是用来帮助搜索符号的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Searching for a symbol in the add a symbol dialog
zh: 在添加符号对话框中搜索一个符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol's name, description, and keywords are all used when searching for symbols in the Symbol Editor and Add a Symbol dialog. The description and keywords are displayed in the Symbol Library Browser and Add a Symbol dialog.
zh: 符号的名称、描述和关键词都是在符号编辑器和添加符号对话框中搜索符号时使用的。描述和关键词会显示在符号库浏览器和添加符号对话框中。

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Footprint Filters
zh: ====== 封装筛选器

note: type: Plain text
en: The footprint filters tab is used to define which footprints are appropriate to use with the symbol. The filters can be applied in the Footprint Assignment tool so that only appropriate footprints are displayed for each symbol.
zh: 封装筛选器标签用于定义哪些封装适合与符号一起使用。筛选器可以在封装分配工具中使用，以便只显示每个符号合适的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Multiple footprint filters can be defined. Footprints that match any of the filters will be displayed; if no filters are defined, then all footprints will be displayed.
zh: 可以定义多个封装筛选器。符合任何一个筛选器的封装将被显示；如果没有定义筛选器，那么所有的封装都将被显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: Filters can use wildcards: `\*` matches any number of characters, including zero, and `?` matches zero or one characters. For example, `SOIC-*` would match the `SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm` footprint as well as any other footprint beginning with `SOIC-`. The filter `SOT?23` matches `SOT23` as well as `SOT-23`.
zh: 筛选器可以使用通配符。`\*` 匹配任何数量的字符，包括零，而 `?` 匹配零或一个字符。例如，`SOIC-*` 将匹配 `SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm` 封装以及任何其他以 `SOIC-` 开头的封装。筛选器 `SOT?23` 匹配 `SOT23` 以及 `SOT-23`。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Footprint filters
zh: 封装筛选器

note: type: Title =====
en: Symbols with Alternate Symbolic Representation
zh: 具有替代性外观的符号

note: type: Plain text
en: If the symbol has an alternate body style defined, one body style must be selected for editing at a time. To edit the normal representation, click the image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[Normal representation icon] icon.
zh: 如果该符号定义了一个备用的主体样式，每次必须选择一个主体样式进行编辑。要编辑正常外观，请点击 image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[正常表示图标] 图标。

note: type: Plain text
en: To edit the alternate representation, click on the image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[Alternate representation icon] icon.  Use the image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[unit selection dropdown] unit selection dropdown to select the unit you wish to edit.
zh: 要编辑备用外观，请点击 image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[备用替换图标] 图标。 使用下面显示的 image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[单元选择下拉框] 下拉菜单，选择你想编辑的单元。

note: type: Title ====
en: Graphical Elements
zh: 图形元素

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphical elements create the visual representation of a symbol and contain no electrical connection information. Graphical elements are created with the following tools:
zh: 图形元素创建了一个符号的视觉外观，不包含电气连接信息。图形元素是用以下工具创建的:

note: type: Plain text
en: Lines and polygons defined by start and end points.
zh: 由起点和终点定义的直线和多边形。

note: type: Plain text
en: Rectangles defined by two diagonal corners.
zh: 由两个对角定义的矩形。

note: type: Plain text
en: Circles defined by the center and radius.
zh: 由中心和半径定义的圆形。

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en: Arcs defined by the starting and ending point of the arc and its center. An arc goes from 0° to 180°.
zh: 弧线由弧线的起点和终点以及它的中心定义。弧线可以从 0° 到 180°。

note: type: Plain text
en: The vertical toolbar on the right hand side of the main window allows you to place all of the graphical elements required to design the representation of a symbol.
zh: 主窗口右侧的垂直工具栏允许你放置设计一个符号的外观所需的所有图形元素。

note: type: Title =====
en: Graphical Element Membership
zh: 图形元素成员

note: type: Plain text
en: Each graphic element (line, arc, circle, etc.) can be defined as common to all units and/or body styles or specific to a given unit and/or body style. Element options can be quickly accessed by right-clicking on the element to display the context menu for the selected element. Below is the context menu for a line element.
zh: 每个图形元素（直线、圆弧、圆形等）都可以被定义为所有单元和/或主体样式所共有的，或特定单元和/或主体样式所特有的。元素选项可以通过右键点击元素来快速访问，显示所选元素的上下文菜单。下面是一个线条元素的上下文菜单。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Graphic line context menu
zh: 图形线上下文菜单

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also double-left-click on an element to modify its properties.  Below is the properties dialog for a polygon element.
zh: 你也可以在一个元素上双击左键来修改其属性。 下面是一个多边形元素的属性对话框。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Graphic line properties
zh: 图形线属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The properties of a graphic element are:
zh: 图形元素的属性是：

note: type: Plain text
en: *Border* determines whether the the shape's outline should be drawn.
zh: *边界* 决定是否应该绘制形状的边框。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Width* and *color* define the line width and color of the border. A border
    width of `0` uses the schematic's default symbol line width. *Style*
    determines the line style of the border (solid, dashed, dotted, etc.).
zh: *宽度* 和 *颜色* 定义了边框的线宽和颜色。边界宽度为 `0` 时，使用原理图的默认符号线宽。*风格* 决定了边框的线条样式（实线、虚线、点线等）。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Fill Style* determines if the shape defined by the
    graphical element is to be drawn unfilled or filled. The fill color can be the
    color theme's body outline color, body background color, or a custom color.
zh: *填充样式* 决定了图形元素所定义的形状是否需要填充。填充颜色可以是颜色主题的主体边框颜色、主体背景颜色或自定义颜色。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Common to all units in symbol* determines if the graphical element is drawn
    for each unit in symbol with more than one unit per package or if the
    graphical element is only drawn for the current unit.
zh: *符号中所有单的共有* 决定了对于具有一个单元以上的符号，图形元素是否为符号中的每个单元绘制，或者只为当前单元绘制。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Common to all body styles (De Morgan)* determines if the
    graphical element is drawn for each symbolic representation in
    symbols with an alternate body style or if the graphical element is
    only drawn for the current body style.
zh: *对所有主体风格通用（德摩根）* 决定图形元素是否为具有替代主体风格的符号中的每个符号表示绘制，或者图形元素是否只为当前的主体风格绘制。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Private to Symbol Editor* causes the shape to be visible only when the symbol
    is edited in the Symbol Editor. The shape will be hidden when the symbol is
    added to a schematic.
zh: *专用于符号编辑器* 决定了形状仅在符号编辑器中编辑符号时可见。当符号被添加到原理图中时，该形状将被隐藏。

note: type: Title =====
en: Graphical Text Elements
zh: 图形化文本元素

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/text_24.png[Text icon] icon allows for the creation of graphical text. Graphical text is automatically oriented to be readable, even when the symbol is mirrored. Please note that graphical text items are not the same as symbol fields.
zh: 单击 image:images/icons/text_24.png[文本图标] 图标允许创建图形文本。图形文本会自动调整方向，以便可读，即使符号被镜像。请注意，图形文本对象与符号字段不一样。

note: type: Title ====
en: Multiple Units per Symbol and Alternate Body Styles
zh: 每个符号的多个单元和替代的主体样式

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can have up to two body styles (a standard symbol and an alternate symbol often referred to as a "De Morgan equivalent") and/or have more than one unit per package (logic gates for example). Some symbols can have more than one unit per package each with different symbols and pin configurations.
zh: 符号最多可以有两种主体样式（一个标准符号和一个备用符号，通常被称为 "德摩根等同"）。符号可以有一个以上的单元（例如逻辑门）。有些符号可以有一个以上的单元，每个单元有不同的形状和引脚配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, consider a relay with two switches, which can be designed as a symbol with three different units: a coil, switch 1, and switch 2.  Designing a symbol with multiple units per package and/or alternate body styles is very flexible. A pin or a body symbol item can be common to all units or specific to a given unit or they can be common to both symbolic representation so are specific to a given symbol representation.
zh: 例如，思考一下有两个开关的继电器，它可以被设计成三个不同单元的符号：线圈、开关 1 和开关 2。 设计有多个单元的符号或备用的主体样式是非常灵活的。一个引脚或一个主体符号对象可以是所有单元所共有的，也可以是特定单元所特有的，或者它们可以是两个主题样式所共有的，也可以是特定的符号表示。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, pins are specific to a unit and body style. When a pin is common to all units or all body styles, it only needs to be created once. This is also the case for the body style graphic shapes and text, which may be common to each unit, but typically are specific to each body style.
zh: 默认情况下，引脚是特定于一个单元和主体样式的。当一个引脚是所有单位或所有主体样式所共有的，它只需要被创建一次。主体样式的图形和文字也是如此，它们可能是每个单元所共有的，但通常是每个主体样式所特有的。

note: type: Plain text
en: To add additional units to a symbol, set the **Number of Units** property to the appropriate number in the Symbol Properties dialog. By default, symbol units are named `Unit A`, `Unit B`, etc., but you can set an arbitrary name for the current unit using **Edit** -> **Set Unit Display Name...**.
zh: 要向一个符号添加额外的单元，在符号属性对话框中将 **单元数量** 属性设置为适当的数字。默认情况下，符号单元被命名为 `单元 A`、`单元 B` 等，但你可以使用 **编辑** -> **设置单元显示名称...** 为当前单元设置一个任意的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: To add an alternate body style, set the **Has alternate body style (De Morgan)** property in the Symbol Properties dialog.
zh: 要添加一个备用的主体样式，请在符号属性对话框中设置 **存在备用的主体样式（德摩根）** 属性。

note: type: Title =====
en: Example of a Symbol With Multiple Noninterchangeable Units
zh: 具有多个不可互换单元的符号示例

note: type: Plain text
en: For an example of a symbol with multiple units that are not interchangeable, consider a relay with 3 units per package: a coil, switch 1, and switch 2.
zh: 对于具有多个不能互换单元的符号的例子，思考一下继电器，它的符号 3 个单元：一个线圈、开关 1 和开关 2。

note: type: Plain text
en: The three units are not all the same, so *All units are interchangeable* should be deselected in the Symbol Properties dialog. Alternatively, this option could have been specified when the symbol was initially created.
zh: 这三个单元并不都是一样的，所以在符号属性对话框中应取消选择 *所有单元都可以互换*。另外，这个选项可以在最初创建符号时指定。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Uncheck all units are interchangeable
zh: 取消勾选所有单元都可互换

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit A
zh: ====== 单元 A

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit A
zh: 继电器单元 A

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit B
zh: ====== 单元 B

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit B
zh: 继电器单元 B

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit C
zh: ====== 单元 C

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit C
zh: 继电器单元 C

note: type: Plain text
en: Unit A does not have the same symbol and pin layout as Units B and C, so the units are not interchangeable.
zh: 单元 A 与单元 B、单元 C 的符号和引脚布局不一样，所以这些单元不能互换。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Synchronized Pins Edit Mode* can be enabled by clicking the
    image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[Synchronized pins edit mode icon] icon. In
    this mode, pin modifications are propagated between symbol units; changes
    made in one unit will be reflected in the other units as well. When this mode is
    disabled, pin changes made in one unit do not affect other units. This mode is
    enabled automatically when *All units are interchangeable* is checked, but it
    can be disabled. The mode cannot be enabled when *All units are interchangeable*
    is unchecked or when the symbol only has one unit.
zh: *同步引脚编辑模式* 可以通过点击 image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[同步引脚编辑模式图标] 图标启用。在这种模式下，引脚的修改会在符号单元之间同步；一个单元中的修改也会反映在其他单元中。当这种模式被禁用时，一个单元中的引脚修改不会影响其他单元。当 *所有单元可互换* 被选中时，该模式会自动启用，但它可以被禁用。当 *所有单元可互换* 未被选中或符号只有一个单元时，该模式不能被启用。

note: type: Title ====
en: Pin Creation and Editing
zh: 引脚创建和编辑

note: type: Plain text
en: You can create and insert a pin by clicking on the image:images/icons/pin_24.png[Pin icon] button. Pin properties can be edited by double clicking on the pin. You can also delete or move pins that you have already added. Pins must be created carefully, because any error will have consequences on the PCB design.
zh: 可以点击 image:images/icons/pin_24.png[引脚图标] 按钮来创建和插入一个引脚。可以通过双击引脚来编辑引脚的属性。也可以删除或移动你已经添加的引脚。必须小心地创建引脚，因为任何错误都会对 PCB 设计产生影响。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Overview
zh: 引脚概述

note: type: Plain text
en: A pin is defined by its graphical representation, its name, and its number. The pin's name and number can contain letters, numbers, and symbols, but not spaces.  For the Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool to be useful, the pin's electrical type (input, output, tri-state...) must also be defined correctly. If this type is not defined properly, the schematic ERC check results may be invalid.
zh: 一个引脚是由它的图形表示、名称和编号定义的。引脚的名称和编号可以包含字母、数字和符号，但不能包含空格。 为了使电气规则检查（ERC）工具发挥作用，引脚的电气类型（输入、输出、三态...）也必须被正确定义。如果这个类型定义不正确，原理图上的 ERC 检查结果可能是无效的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Important notes:
zh: 要点：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol pins are matched to footprint pads by number. The pin number in the symbol must match the corresponding pad number in the footprint.
zh: 符号的引脚按编号与封装的焊盘相匹配。符号中的引脚编号必须与封装中相应的焊盘编号相对应。

note: type: Plain text
en: Do not use spaces in pin names and numbers. Spaces will be automatically replaced with underscores (`_`).
zh: 不要在引脚名称和数字中使用空格。空格将被自动替换成下划线（`_`）。

note: type: Plain text
en: To define a pin name with an inverted signal (overbar) use the `~` (tilde) character followed by the text to invert in braces.  For example `~{FO}O` would display [overline]#FO# O.
zh: 要定义带有反转信号（上划线）的引脚名称，请使用 `~` （波浪号）字符后跟文本以在大括号中反转。 例如 `~{FO}O` 会显示 [overline]#FO# O。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the pin name is empty, the pin is considered unnamed.
zh: 如果引脚名称为空，则认为该引脚未被命名。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin names can be repeated in a symbol.
zh: 引脚名称可以在一个符号中重复。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin numbers must be unique in a symbol.
zh: 引脚编号在一个符号中必须是唯一的。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Properties
zh: 引脚属性

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin properties
zh: 引脚属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin properties dialog allows you to edit all of the characteristics of a pin. This dialog pops up automatically when you create a pin or when double-clicking on an existing pin. This dialog allows you to modify:
zh: 引脚属性对话框允许你编辑引脚的所有属性。当你创建一个引脚或双击一个现有的引脚时，这个对话框会自动弹出。对话框允许你修改：

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin name and text size.
zh: 引脚名称和文字大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin number and text size.
zh: 引脚编号和文字大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin length.
zh: 引脚的长度。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin electrical type and graphical style.
zh: 引脚的电气类型和图形风格。

note: type: Plain text
en: Unit and alternate representation membership.
zh: 单元和备用主体。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin visibility.
zh: 引脚可见性。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<alternate-pin-definitions,Alternate pin definitions>>.
zh: <<alternate-pin-definitions,备用引脚定义>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Graphic Styles
zh: 引脚图形样式

note: type: Plain text
en: The different pin graphic styles are shown in the figure below. These styles are purely graphical and do not affect the pin's electrical type.
zh: 不同的引脚图形风格如下图所示。这些样式是纯粹的图形，不影响引脚的电气类型。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin graphic styles
zh: 引脚图形样式

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Electrical Types
zh: 引脚电气类型

note: type: Plain text
en: Choosing the correct electrical type is important for the schematic ERC tool.  ERC will check that pins are connected appropriately, for example ensuring that input pins are driven and power inputs receive power from an appropriate source.
zh: 选择正确的电气类型对原理图 ERC 工具很重要。 ERC 将检查引脚的连接是否恰当，例如，确保输入引脚被驱动，电源输入从适当的来源接收电源。

note: type: Table
en: | Pin Type | Description
    | Input | A pin which is exclusively an input.
    | Output | A pin which is exclusively an output.
    | Bidirectional | A pin that can be either an input or an output, such as a
    microcontroller data bus pin.
    | Tri-state | A three state output pin (high, low, or high impedance)
    | Passive | A passive symbol pin: resistors, connectors, etc.
    | Free | A pin that can be freely connected to any other pin without electrical
    concerns.
    | Unspecified | A pin for which the ERC check does not matter.
    | Power input | A symbol's power pin. As a special case, power input pins that
    are marked invisible are automatically connected to the net with the same name.
    See the <<creating-power-symbols, Power Symbols section>> for more information.
    | Power output | A pin that provides power to other pins, such as a regulator
    output.
    | Open collector | An open collector logic output.
    | Open emitter | An open emitter logic output.
    | Unconnected | A pin that should not be connected to anything.
zh: | 引脚类型 | 描述
    | 输入 | 一个专门用于输入的引脚。
    | 输出 | 一个专门用于输出的引脚。
    | 双向 | 可以作为输入或输出的引脚，如微控制器的数据总线引脚。
    | 三态 | 三态输出引脚（高、低或高阻抗）。
    | 无源 | 一个无源符号引脚：电阻、连接器等。
    | 自由 | 一个可以自由连接到任何其他引脚的引脚，没有电气方面的问题。
    | 未指定的 | 一个引脚，ERC 检查对其不重要。
    | 电源输入 | 一个符号的电源引脚。作为一种特殊情况，被标记为不可见的电源输入引脚会自动连接到同名的网络中。更多信息请参见<<creating-power-symbols, 电源符号部分>>。
    | 电源输出 | 为其他引脚提供电源的引脚，如稳压器的输出。
    | 集电极开路 | 一个集电极开路的逻辑输出。
    | 发射极开路 | 发射极开路逻辑输出。
    | 未连接的引脚 | 不应连接任何东西的引脚。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pushing Pin Properties to Other Pins
zh: 将引脚属性推送到其他引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: You can apply the length, name size, or number size of a pin to the other pins in the symbol by right clicking the pin and selecting **Push Pin Length**, **Push Pin Name Size**, or **Push Pin Number Size**, respectively. All other pins in the symbol will be updated.
zh: 你可以通过右击一个引脚，并分别选择 **推送引脚长度**、**推送引脚名称大小** 或 **推送引脚编号大小**，将该引脚的长度、名称大小或数字大小应用于符号中的其他引脚。符号中的所有其他引脚将被更新。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin context menu
zh: 引脚上下文菜单

note: type: Title =====
en: Defining Pins for Multiple Units and Alternate Symbolic Representations
zh: 为多个单元和备用主体样式定义引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols with multiple units and/or graphical representations are particularly problematic when creating and editing pins. The majority of pins are specific to each symbol unit (because each unit has a different set of pins) and to each body style (because the form and position is different between the normal body style and the alternate form).
zh: 具有多个单元和图形表示的符号在创建和编辑引脚时，问题特别多。大多数引脚都是针对每个符号单元（因为每个单元都有一组不同的引脚）和每个主体样式（因为常用主体样式和备用样式之间的形式和位置不同）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol library editor allows the simultaneous creation of pins. By default, changes made to a pin are made for all units of a multiple unit symbol and to both representations for symbols with an alternate symbolic representation.  The only exception to this is the pin's graphical type and name, which remain unlinked between symbol units and body styles. This dependency was established to allow for easier pin creation and editing in most cases. This dependency can be disabled by toggling the image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[Synchronized pin edit mode icon] icon on the main tool bar. This will allow you to create pins for each unit and representation completely independently.
zh: 符号库编辑器允许同时创建引脚。默认情况下，对引脚所做的修改是针对一个多单元符号的所有单元，以及对具有替代符号主题样式的两种表示法。 唯一的例外是引脚的图形类型和名称，它们在符号单元和主体样式之间保持无关联。建立这种依赖关系是为了在大多数情况下更容易创建和编辑引脚。这个依赖关系可以通过切换主工具栏上的 image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[同步引脚编辑模式图标] 图标来禁用。这将允许你完全独立地为每个单元和代表创建引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins can be common or specific to different units. Pins can also be common to both symbolic representations or specific to each symbolic representation. When a pin is common to all units, it only has to drawn once. Pins are set as common or specific in the pin properties dialog.
zh: 引脚可以是共用的，也可以是不同单元所特有的。引脚可以是两个符号主体样式共有的，也可以是每个符号主体特有的。当一个引脚对所有单元都通用时，它只需要绘制一次。引脚可以在引脚属性对话框中设置为通用或特定。

note: type: Plain text
en: An example is the output pin in the 7400 quad dual input NAND gate. Since there are four units and two symbolic representations, there are eight separate output pins defined in the symbol definition. When creating a new 7400 symbol, unit A of the normal symbolic representation will be shown in the library editor. To edit the pin style in the alternate symbolic representation, it must first be enabled by clicking the image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[Alternate representation icon] button on the tool bar. To edit the pin number for each unit, select the appropriate unit using the image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[unit selection dropdown] drop down control.
zh: 一个例子是 7400 四路双输入 NAND 门的输出引脚。由于有四个单元和两个符号表示，在符号定义中有八个独立的输出引脚。当创建一个新的 7400 符号时，常用主体样式的单元 A 将显示在库编辑器中。要编辑备用主体样式中的引脚，必须首先通过点击工具栏上的 image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[备用表示法图标] 按钮切换到备用样式。要编辑各个单元的引脚编号，请使用 image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[单元选择下拉] 下拉控件选择合适的单元。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Table
zh: 引脚表

note: type: Plain text
en: Another way to edit pins is to use the Pin Table, which is accessible via the image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[Pin table icon] icon. The Pin Table displays all of the pins in the symbol and their properties in a table view, so it is useful for making bulk pin changes.
zh: 另一种编辑引脚的方法是使用引脚表，可以通过 image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[引脚表图标] 图标访问。引脚表以表格的形式显示符号中的所有引脚及其属性，所以它对批量修改引脚很有用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Any pin property can be edited by clicking on the appropriate cell. Pins can be added and removed with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] and image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Trash icon] icons, respectively.
zh: 任何引脚属性都可以通过点击相应的单元格进行编辑。可以用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 和 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 图标分别添加和删除引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can edit the same property for multiple pins simultaneously by grouping pins.  Pins can be automatically grouped by name, or you manually group several pins by selecting them and clicking **Group Selected**. Click the image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[] button to clear the manual grouping.  You can also filter the table to only display pins in certain units.
zh: 可以通过分组来同时编辑多个引脚的同一属性。 引脚可以按名称自动分组，也可以通过选择几个引脚并点击 **选择的分组** 来手动分组。点击 image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[] 按钮来清除手动分组。 你也可以过滤表格，只显示某些单元的引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Columns of the pin table can be shown or hidden by right-clicking on the header row and checking or unchecking additional columns. Some columns are hidden by default.
zh: 通过右键单击标题行并勾选或取消附加列，可以显示或隐藏引脚表的各列。有些列是默认隐藏的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The screenshot below shows the pin table for a quad opamp.
zh: 下面的截图显示了一个四路运算放大器的引脚表。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin table
zh: 引脚表

note: type: Title =====
en: Alternate Pin Definitions
zh: 备用引脚定义

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins can have alternate pin definitions added to them. Alternate pin definitions allow a user to select a different name, electrical type, and graphical style for a pin when the symbol has been placed in the schematic. This can be used for pins that have multiple functions, such as microcontroller pins.
zh: 引脚可以添加备用引脚定义。备用引脚定义允许用户在原理图中放置符号时为引脚选择不同的名称、电气类型和图形风格。这可用于具有多种功能的引脚，如微控制器引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Alternate pin definitions are added in the Pin Properties dialog as shown below.  Each alternate definition contains a pin name, electrical type, and graphic style.  This microcontroller pin has all of its peripheral functions defined in the symbol as alternate pin names.
zh: 备用引脚定义是在引脚属性对话框中添加的，如下图所示。 每个备用引脚的定义包含一个引脚名称、电气类型和图形风格。 该微控制器引脚的所有外围功能都在符号中定义为备用引脚名称。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Alternate pin definitions
zh: 备用引脚定义

note: type: Plain text
en: Alternate pin definitions are selected in the Schematic Editor once the symbol has been placed in the schematic. The alternate pin is assigned in the Alternate Pin Assignments tab of the Symbol Properties dialog. Alternate definitions are selectable in the dropdown in the Alternate Assignment column.
zh: 一旦符号被放置在原理图中，就可以在原理图编辑器中选择备用引脚的定义。备用引脚是在符号属性对话框的备用引脚分配选项卡中分配的。备用引脚定义可在备用分配栏的下拉菜单中选择。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Selecting an alternate pin definition
zh: 选择一个备用引脚定义

note: type: Title ====
en: Symbol Fields
zh: 符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: All library symbols are defined with four default fields. The reference designator, value, footprint assignment, and datasheet link fields are created whenever a symbol is created or copied. Only the reference designator is required.
zh: 所有库中的符号都定义有四个默认字段。每当创建或复制一个符号时，就会创建位号、值、封装分配和数据手册链接字段。 只有位号是必需的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The `Footprint` field, if used, contains a reference to a footprint for the symbol. The format is `LIBNAME:FOOTPRINTNAME`, where `LIBNAME` is the name of the footprint library in the footprint library table (see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[Footprint Library Table] section in the PCB Editor manual) and `FOOTPRINTNAME` is the name of the footprint in the library `LIBNAME`.
zh: 如果使用 `封装` 字段，则包含符号与封装关联。格式是 `LIBNAME:FOOTPRINTNAME`，其中 `LIBNAME` 是封装库表中的封装库名称（见 PCB 编辑器手册中的 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[封装库表]部分），`FOOTPRINTNAME` 是 `LIBNAME` 库中的封装名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols defined in libraries are typically defined with only these four default fields. Additional fields such as vendor, part number, unit cost, etc. can be added to library symbols but generally this is done in the schematic editor so the additional fields can be applied to all of the symbols in the schematic.
zh: 在库中定义的符号通常只有这四个默认字段。额外的字段，如供应商、元件编号、单位成本等，可以添加到库中的符号中，这样额外的字段就可以应用到原理图中的所有符号。但额外字段一般是在原理图编辑器中添加的。

note: type: Plain text
en: A convenient way to create additional empty symbol fields is to use define
          field name templates. Field name templates define empty fields that are
          added to each symbol when it is inserted into the schematic. Field name
          templates can be defined globally (for all schematics) in the Schematic
          Editor Preferences, or they can be defined locally (specific to each
          project) in the Schematic Setup dialog.
zh: 创建额外的空符号字段的一种便捷方法是使用定义字段名称模板。字段名称模板定义空字段，当每个符号插入原理图时，这些字段会被添加到每个符号中。字段名称模板可以在原理图编辑器首选项中全局定义（针对所有原理图），也可以在原理图设置对话框中局部定义（针对每个工程）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you want to manage a large amount of component data in symbol fields,
          consider using <<database-libraries,database libraries>>.
zh: 如果你想在符号字段中管理大量的元件数据，可以考虑使用<<database-libraries,数据库关联库>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Editing Symbol Fields
zh: 编辑符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: To edit an existing symbol field, double-click the field, select it or hover and press kbd:[E], or right-click on the field text and select **Properties...**.
zh: 要编辑一个现有的符号字段，请双击该字段，选择它或悬停并按 kbd:[E]，或右击字段文本并选择 **属性...**。

note: type: Plain text
en: To add new fields, delete optional fields, or edit existing fields, use the image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[Component properties icon] icon on the main tool bar to open the <<symbol-properties,Symbol Properties dialog>>.
zh: 要添加新字段、删除可选字段或编辑现有字段，请使用主工具栏上的 image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[元件属性图标] 图标，打开<<symbol-properties,符号属性对话框>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: Fields are text information associated with the symbol. Do not confuse them with text in the graphic representation of a symbol.
zh: 字段是与符号相关的文本信息。不要将它们与符号的图形表示中的文字混淆。

note: type: Title ====
en: Creating Power Symbols
zh: 创建电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Power symbols are symbols that are used to label a wire as part of a power net, like `VCC` or `GND`. The behavior of power symbols is described in the <<power-symbols,electrical connections section>>. Power symbols are handled and created the same way as normal symbols, but there are several additional considerations described below.
zh: 电源符号是用于将导线标记为电源网络一部分的符号，例如“VCC”或“GND”。电源符号的行为在 <<power-symbols,电气连接部分>>中描述。电源符号的处理和创建方式与普通符号相同，但有几个额外的考虑因素，如下所述。

note: type: Plain text
en: It may be useful to place power symbols in a dedicated library. KiCad's symbol library places power symbols in the `power` library, and users may create libraries to store their own power symbols. If the *Define as power symbol* box is checked in a symbol's properties, that symbol will appear in the Schematic Editor's *Add Power Symbol* dialog for convenient access.
zh: 将电源符号放在一个专门的库中可能是有用的。KiCad 的符号库将电源符号放在 `power` 库中，用户可以创建库来存储自己的电源符号。如果在符号的属性中勾选了 *定义为电源符号* 框，该符号就会出现在原理图编辑器的 *添加电源符号* 对话框中，以便于访问。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an example of a `GND` power symbol.
zh: 下面是一个 `GND` 电源符号的例子。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Editing a power symbol
zh: 编辑电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Power symbols consist of a pin of type "Power input" that is marked invisible.  They must also have the *Define as power symbol* property checked.  <<hidden-power-pins,Invisible power input pins>> have a special property of making implicit global connections based on the pin name.
zh: 电源符号包括一个标记为不可见的 "电源输入" 类型的引脚。 还必须选中 *定义为电源符号* 的属性。 <<hidden-power-pins,隐藏的电源输入引脚>>有一个特殊的属性，即根据引脚名称进行隐性的全局连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the power symbol has the *Define as power symbol* property checked, the power input pin does not need to be marked invisible. However, the convention is to make these pins invisible anyway.
zh: 如果电源符号勾选了 *定义为电源符号* 属性，那么电源输入引脚就不需要被标记为不可见。然而，惯例是无论如何都要使这些引脚不可见。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power symbol pin
zh: 电源符号引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: To create a power symbol, use the following steps:
zh: 要创建一个电源符号，请使用以下步骤：

note: type: Plain text
en: Add a pin of type *Power input*, with *Visible* unchecked, and the pin named according to the desired net. Make the pin number `1`, the length `0`, and set the graphic style to *Line*. The pin name establishes the connection to the net; in this case the pin will automatically connect to the net `GND`. The pin number, length, and line style do not matter electrically.
zh: 添加一个 *电源输入* 类型的引脚，*可见* 属性不被选中，并根据所需的网络命名引脚。使引脚的编号为 `1` 长度为 `0`，并将图形样式设置为 *直线*。引脚名称建立了与网络的连接；在这种情况下，引脚将自动连接到网络 `GND`。引脚编号、长度和线条样式在电气上并不重要。

note: type: Plain text
en: Place the pin on the symbol anchor.
zh: 将引脚放在符号锚点上。

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the shape tools to draw the symbol graphics.
zh: 使用形状工具来绘制符号图形。

note: type: Plain text
en: Set the symbol value. The symbol value does not matter electrically, but it is displayed in the schematic. To eliminate confusion, it should match the pin name (which determines the connected net name).
zh: 设置符号值。符号值在电气上并不重要，但它会显示在原理图中。为了避免混淆，它应该与引脚名称相匹配（引脚名称决定了连接的网络名称）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Check the *Define as power symbol* box in Symbol Properties window. This makes the symbol appear in the *Add Power Symbol* dialog, makes the `Value` field read-only in the schematic, prevents the symbol from being assigned a footprint, and excludes the symbol from the board, BOM, and netlists.
zh: 勾选符号属性窗口中的 *定义为电源符号* 框。这会让该符号出现在 *添加电源符号* 对话框中，将原理图中的 "值" 字段成为只读，防止该符号被分配一个封装，并将该符号从电路板、BOM 和网表中排除。

note: type: Plain text
en: Set the symbol reference and uncheck the *Show* box. The reference text is not important except for the first character, which should be `\#`. For the power symbol shown above, the reference could be `#GND`. Symbols with references that begin with `#` are not added to the PCB, are not included in Bill of Materials exports or netlists, and they cannot be assigned a footprint in the footprint assignment tool. If a power symbol's reference does not begin with `#`, the character will be inserted automatically when the annotation or footprint assignment tools are run.
zh: 设置符号的位号并取消勾选 *显示* 框。位号第一个字符应为 `\#` ，后续文本并不重要。对于上面所示的电源符号，位号可以是  `#GND`。位号以 `#` 开头的符号不会被添加到 PCB 上，不包括在物料清单的输出或网表中，也不会在封装分配工具中分配一个封装。如果一个电源符号的位号不是以  `\#` 开头，当运行批注或封装分配工具时，该符号会被自动插入到符号表中。

note: type: Plain text
en: An easier method to create a new power symbol is to use another symbol as a starting point, <<creating-a-symbol-from-another-symbol,as described earlier>>.
zh: 创建一个新的电源符号的一个更简单的方法是使用已有的电源符号作为起点，<<creating-a-symbol-from-another-symbol,如前所述>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: The connected net name is determined by the power symbol's *pin name*, not
          the name or value of the symbol. When modifying an existing power symbol,
          make sure to rename the pin so that the new symbol connects to the
          appropriate power net. This means that power symbol net names can only be
          changed in the symbol editor, not in the schematic.
zh: 连接的网络名称是由电源符号的 *引脚名称* 决定的，而不是符号的名称或值。在修改现有的电源符号时，请确保重新命名引脚，以便新符号连接到适当的电源网络。这意味着电源符号网络名称只能在符号编辑器中改变，而不能在原理图中改变。

note: type: Title ====
en: Checking Symbols
zh: 检查符号

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Editor can check for common issues in your symbols. Run the symbol checker using the image:images/icons/erc_24.png[symbol checker icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 符号编辑器可以检查符号中的常见问题。使用顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/erc_24.png[符号检查器图标] 按钮运行符号检查器。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol checker detecting an off-grid pin
zh: 符号检查器检测到一个不在网格上的引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol checker checks for:
zh: 符号检查器检查的是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins that are off-grid
zh: 不在网格上的引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins that are duplicated between symbol units
zh: 符号单元中重复的引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Incorrectly designed <<power-symbols,power symbols>>. Power symbols should have:
zh: 设计不正确的<<power-symbols,电源符号>>。电源符号应该有：

note: type: Plain text
en: A single unit
zh: 一个单元

note: type: Plain text
en: No alternate body styles
zh: 没有备用的主体样式

note: type: Plain text
en: A single pin which is either of type Power Output (see <<pwr-flag,PWR_FLAG>>) or invisible and of type Power Input (see <<power-symbols,power symbols>>)
zh: 一个单一的引脚，它要么是电源输出类型（见<<pwr-flag,电源标记>>），要么是不可见的电源输入类型（见<<power-symbols,电源符号>>）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Illegal reference designator prefixes: reference designator prefixes should not end with a number or `?`
zh: 非法的位号前缀：位号前缀不能用数字或 `?`

note: type: Plain text
en: <<hidden-power-pins,Hidden Power Input pins>> in non-power symbols: these create implicit connections and are not recommended
zh: 在非电源符号中，出现了<<hidden-power-pins,隐藏的电源输入引脚>>：这将产生隐形的连接，不推荐使用

note: type: Title ===
en: Browsing symbol libraries
zh: 浏览符号库

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Library Browser allows you to quickly examine the contents of symbol libraries. The Symbol Library Viewer can be accessed by clicking image:images/icons/library_browser_24.png[Library viewer icon] icon on the main toolbar, **View** -> **Symbol Library Browser**, or clicking **Select With Browser** in the *Choose Symbol* window.
zh: 符号库浏览器允许你快速查看符号库的内容。符号库浏览器可以通过点击主工具栏上的 image:images/icons/library_browser_24.png[库查看器图标] 图标，点击**查看** -> **符号库浏览器**，或点击 **选择符号** 窗口中的 **在符号库浏览器中选择** 来访问。

note: type: Plain text
en: To examine the contents of a library, select a library from the list on the left hand pane. All symbols in the selected library will appear in the second pane.  Select a symbol name to view the symbol.
zh: 要检查一个库的内容，从左侧窗格的列表中选择一个库。所选库中的所有符号将出现在第二个窗格中。 选择一个符号名称来查看该符号。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Library Browser
zh: 符号库浏览器

note: type: Plain text
en: Double clicking the name of a symbol or using the image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[Add symbol to schematic icon] button adds the symbol to the schematic.
zh: 双击符号名称或使用 image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[添加符号到原理图图标] 按钮将符号添加到原理图中。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/library_browser_24.png[Symbol selection icon]
    |Open the selected symbol in the *Choose Symbol* window.
    
    |image:images/icons/lib_previous_24.png[Previous symbol icon]
    |Select previous symbol in library.
    
    |image:images/icons/lib_next_24.png[Next symbol icon]
    |Select next symbol in library.
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[] image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[]
    image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[] image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[]
    |Zoom tools.
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[] image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[]
    |Select standard or alternate De Morgan representation of symbol, if applicable.
    
    |image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[width="70%"]
    |Select the unit of a multi-unit symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[icons/datasheet_png]
    |Open the symbol's datasheet, if it is defined.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[Add symbol to schematic icon]
    |Insert current symbol into the schematic.
zh: |image:images/icons/library_browser_24.png[符号选择图标] 
    |在 *选择符号* 窗口中打开选定的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/lib_previous_24.png[上一个符号图标]
    |选择库中的前一个符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/lib_next_24.png[下一个符号图标] 
    |选择库中的下一个符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[] image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[] 
    image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[] image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[] 
    |缩放工具。
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[] image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[]
    |选择标准或备用的德摩根符号表示, 如果适用的话。
    
    |image:images/toolbar_viewlib_part.png[width="70%"]
    |选择多单元符号的单元。
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[icons/datasheet_png]
    |打开符号的数据手册, 如果它被定义。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[将符号添加到原理图的图标]
    |将当前符号插入原理图中。
