Eeschema_zh_CN - en to zh translation catalogue (1092 entries)

note: Note to translators: you do not need to translate this table by hand. It is generated from KiCad using the Dump Hotkeys button that is shown in the hotkeys editor if you add the line `HotkeysDumper=1` to your advanced config file (`kicad_advanced` file in the config directory) type: Title ===
en: Schematic Editor
zh: 原理图编辑器

note: type: Plain text
en: _Reference manual_
zh: _参考手册_

note: type: Plain text
en: This manual is in the process of being revised to cover the latest stable
          release version of KiCad.  It contains some sections that have not yet
          been completed.  We ask for your patience while our volunteer technical
          writers work on this task, and we welcome new contributors who would like
          to help make KiCad's documentation better than ever.
zh: 本手册正在修订中，以涵盖KiCad的最新稳定发布版本。 它包含一些内容尚未编写完成。
    我们希望您能耐心等待我们的志愿技术作者完成这项工作。
    同时我们也欢迎新的贡献者加入我们的行列，帮助我们使 KiCad 的文档比以前更好。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Copyright*
zh: *版权*

note: type: Plain text
en: This document is Copyright (C) 2010-2024 by its contributors as listed below. You may distribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), version 3.0 or later.
zh: 本文件的版权 (C) 2010-2024 由下列贡献者拥有。您可以根据 GNU 通用公共许可证（http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html）第 3 版或更高版本，或知识共享署名许可证（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/）第 3.0 版或更高版本的条款发布或修改它。

note: type: Plain text
en: All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.
zh: 本指南中的所有商标均属于其合法所有者。

note: type: Plain text
en: *Contributors*
zh: *贡献人员*

note: type: Plain text
en: Jean-Pierre Charras, Fabrizio Tappero, Wayne Stambaugh, Graham Keeth
zh: Jean-Pierre Charras， Fabrizio Tappero， Wayne Stambaugh， Graham Keeth

note: type: Plain text
en: *Feedback*
zh: *反馈*

note: type: Title ==
en: Actions reference
zh: 操作参考

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is a list of every available *action* in the KiCad Schematic Editor: a command that can be assigned to a hotkey.
zh: 以下是 KiCad 原理图编辑器中可用 *操作* 的列表：您可以为以下命令设置快捷键。

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available in the Schematic Editor. Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh: 以下操作在原理图编辑器中可用。可以在偏好设置的 **快捷键** 部分中将快捷键分配给这些操作中的任何一个。

note: type: Title ===
en: Common
zh: 通用

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available across KiCad, including in the Schematic Editor.  Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh: 以下操作可在 KiCad 中使用，包括在原理图编辑器中。 可以在偏好设置的 **快捷键** 页面将快捷键分配给这些操作中的任何一个。

note: type: Title ==
en: Advanced Topics
zh: 高级主题

note: type: Title ===
en: Configuration and Customization
zh: 配置和定制

note: type: Plain text
en: This section of the KiCad documentation has not yet been written.  We
          appreciate your patience as our small team of volunteer documentation
          writers work to update and expand the documentation.
zh: KiCad 文档的这一部分尚未编写。 感谢您的耐心等待，我们的志愿文档编写者正在努力更新和扩展文档。

note: type: Title ====
en: Text variables
zh: 文本变量

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad supports text variables, which allow you to substitute the variable name with a defined text string. This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh: KiCad 支持文本变量，它允许您用定义的文本字符串替换变量名称。 这种替换发生在变量名称在 ${VARIABLENAME} 的变量替换语法中使用的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can define your own text variables in the <<schematic-setup-text-variables,schematic>> or xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[board setup] dialogs, but there are also a number of built-in system text variables. System text variables may be available in some contexts and not others.
zh: 您可以在 <<schematic-setup-text-variables,原理图>> 或 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[电路板设置] 对话框中定义自己的文本变量，除此之外还有一些内置的系统文本变量。 系统文本变量可能在某些上下文中可用，而在其他上下文中不可用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables used in hierarchical sheet fields refer to the properties of the hierarchical sheet, not the parent, unless otherwise noted. For example, `${#}` returns the subsheet's page number when used in a hierarchical sheet field, but the parent sheet's page number when used in graphic text in the parent sheet.
zh: 除非另有说明，否则层次化原理图字段中使用的变量指的是子原理图页的属性，而不是父图的属性。 例如，`${#}` 在层次化原理图字段中使用时返回子原理图的页码，在父原理图中的图形文本中使用时才返回父原理图的页码。

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables can also be used for field names. A field with a variable as its name will automatically have its value set to the same variable. For example, in a project with a project variable `MY_VAR` set to `MY_VALUE`, a user-created symbol field named `${MY_VAR}` will automatically have its value set to `${MY_VAR}`, which will then resolve to `MY_VALUE`. If the field's **Show Name** property is set, the variable's name will be displayed as the field name, for example `MY_VAR: MY_VALUE`.
zh: 变量也可用于字段名。以变量作为名称的字段，其值将自动设置为相同的变量。例如，在一个将项目变量 `MY_VAR` 设为 `MY_VALUE`的工程中，用户创建的名为 `${MY_VAR}` 的符号字段将自动将其值设为 `${MY_VAR}`，然后解析为 `MY_VALUE`。如果设置了字段的 **显示名称** 属性，变量名称将作为字段名称显示，例如 `MY_VAR: MY_VALUE`。

note: [[preferences-common]] ===== Common Preferences NOTE: This section of the KiCad documentation has not yet been written.  We appreciate your patience as our small team of volunteer documentation writers work to update and expand the documentation. image::images/en/options_common.png[alt="Common setti
en: Database Libraries
zh: 数据库关联库文件

note: type: Plain text
en: A database library is a type of KiCad symbol library that holds data about parts in an external SQL database.  Database libraries do not contain any symbol or footprint definitions by themselves.  Instead, they **reference** symbols and footprints found in other KiCad libraries. Each database library entry maps a KiCad symbol (from another library) to a set of properties (fields) and usually a KiCad footprint (from a footprint library).
zh: 数据库关联库是 KiCad 符号库的一种类型，它在外部 SQL 数据库中保存有关零件的数据。 数据基础库本身不包含任何符号或封装的定义。 相反，它们 **引用** 其他 KiCad 库中的符号和封装。每个数据库关联库文件条目都将一个 KiCad 符号（来自其他库）映射到一组属性（字段），通常还有一个 KiCad 封装（来自封装库）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Using database libraries allows you to create fully-defined parts (sometimes called *atomic parts*)  out of KiCad symbols and footprints without needing to store all the part properties in a symbol library.  The external database can be linked to third-party tools for managing part data and lifecycles.  Database library workflows are generally more complex than the standard KiCad library workflows, and so this type of library is typically only used in situations where it makes managing a large library of fully-defined parts more efficient (such as in organization or team settings).
zh: 使用数据库关联库可以抛开 KiCad 符号库和封装，而创建完全自定义的元件（也可称为 *最小元件*），而无需在符号库中存储所有元件属性。 外部数据库可以链接到第三方工具，用于管理元件数据和生命周期。 数据库关联库的工作流程通常比标准 KiCad 库的工作流程更复杂，因此这种类型的库通常只用于大规模的元件库，因为完全自定义的元件库可以使得效率提高（这在组织或团队协同中很常见）。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not provide a GUI for editing a SQL database or defining a database library.  It is up to the user to find the most appropriate workflow and toolchain for creating and updating the database itself.  Some users may want to directly edit the database through a third-party database client, and some may use other third-party software such as a part lifecycle management (PLM) tool to create and edit data.
zh: KiCad 不提供编辑 SQL 数据库或定义数据库关联库的图形界面。 用户可以自行寻找最合适的工作流程和工具链来创建并更新数据库。 有些用户可能希望通过第三方数据库客户端直接编辑数据库，有些用户可能使用其他第三方软件，如元件生命周期管理（PLM）工具来创建和编辑数据。

note: type: Plain text
en: In a database library, there are one or more **tables** that generally represent a single type of part (such as Resistors or Capacitors).  Each table can have an independent schema, meaning that different types of parts can have different properties that are translated into symbol fields in KiCad.  Each table must have a unique ID column which is used as the identifier for a symbol placed from that table.  This unique ID will typically be a part number (either a manufacturer's part number, or an internal organization part number).  Each table must also have a column that contains a mapping to a KiCad symbol, in the form `LibraryNickname:SymbolName`.  The `LibraryNickname` must match a symbol library that is present in the KiCad library tables.  Tables may also contain a column containing a KiCad footprint, in the form `LibraryNickname:FootprintName`.  If this column is present, symbols placed from the table will include a footprint mapping.
zh: 在数据库关联库中，有一个或多个 **表**，每个表通常代表单一类型的元件（如电阻或电容）。 每个表可以有一个独立的结构，这意味着不同类型的元件可以有不同的属性，这些属性在 KiCad 中被转化为符号字段。 每个表必须有一个唯一的 ID 列，作为从该表放置的符号的标识符。 这个唯一的 ID 通常是一个物料号（制造商零件编号，或内部组织的零件编号）。 每张表还必须有一列包含 KiCad 符号的映射，形式为 `LibraryNickname:SymbolName`。 `LibraryNickname` 必须与 KiCad 库表中的符号库相匹配。 表也可以包含一个包含 KiCad 封装的列，形式为 `LibraryNickname:FootprintName`。 如果这一列存在，从表中放置的符号将包括一个封装映射。

note: type: Plain text
en: Tables may also contain arbitrary additional columns that may optionally be mapped to symbol fields in KiCad.  The KiCad database library configuration file controls how these fields should be named, whether or not to make the fields visible, and whether or not to include the fields in the data displayed in the Symbol Chooser.
zh: 表也可以包含任意的额外列，这些列可以选择性地映射到 KiCad 中的符号字段。 KiCad 数据库关联库的配置文件控制这些字段的命名方式，是否使字段可见，以及是否将字段包含在符号选择器中显示的数据。

note: type: Title ====
en: Database Library Configuration Files
zh: 数据库关联库配置文件

note: type: Plain text
en: To create a database library, you must create a configuration file that contains the necessary information for KiCad to connect to your database and retrieve data from tables.  Copy the template below into a new file and save it with a `kicad_dbl` extension.  You can then add this file to your global symbol library table using the Configure Symbol Libraries dialog.
zh: 要创建一个数据库关联库，你必须创建一个配置文件，其中包含 KiCad 连接到你的数据库的必要信息并从表中获取数据。 将下面的模板复制到一个新文件中，并以 `kicad_dbl` 为扩展名保存。 然后你可以使用配置符号库对话框将此文件添加到你的全局符号库表中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Database library files are in JSON format.  Standard JSON syntax rules apply.  To check if your file contains syntax errors, you may use a JSON validator or linter (available online).
zh: 数据库库文件采用 JSON 格式。 标准 JSON 语法规则适用。 要检查文件是否包含语法错误，可使用 JSON 验证器或线程（可在线获取）。

note: type: Title =====
en: Configuring the source
zh: 配置数据源

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad currently only supports ODBC connections to SQL databases.  You can either connect with a DSN or a connection string.  If a DSN name is supplied, the optional `username` and `password` fields will be used to connect to the DSN.  If a connection string is supplied, the `dsn`, `username`, and `password` fields are ignored.  The connection string will be passed directly to the ODBC driver, so you can include any parameters your ODBC driver supports.
zh: KiCad 目前只支持 ODBC 连接到 SQL 数据库。 你可以用 DSN 或连接字符串进行连接。 如果提供了 DSN 名称，可选的 `username` 和 `password` 字段将被用来连接到 DSN。 如果提供了一个连接字符串，`dsn`， `username`， 和 `password` 字段将被忽略。 连接字符串将直接传递给 ODBC 驱动程序，这样就可以包含 ODBC 驱动程序支持的任何参数。

note: type: Plain text
en: When using a DSN connection, leave the `connection_string` property blank or omit it from the file.  When using a connection string, leave the `dsn`, `username`, and `password` fields blank or omit them from the file.  Connection strings must start with a `Driver` key indicating to the ODBC manager which driver should be used, and may include other keys that depend on the specific driver.  Check the documentation for your ODBC driver for details.  You may also find a reference site like link:https://www.connectionstrings.com/[connectionstrings.com] useful when configuring a database connection.
zh: 使用 DSN 连接时，将 `connection_string` 属性留空或从文件中省略。 使用连接字符串时，应将 `dsn`、`username` 和`password` 字段留空或从文件中省略。 连接字符串必须以 `Driver ` 键开头，向 ODBC 管理器指明应使用哪个驱动程序，并可包含其他取决于特定驱动程序的键。 详情请查阅 ODBC 驱动程序的文档。 在配置数据库连接时，您可能还会发现 link:https://www.connectionstrings.com/[connectionstrings.com] 这样的参考网站很有用。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not recommend or endorse any particular ODBC driver or database server, but has been tested to work with Sqlite, MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL.
zh: KiCad 不推荐或认可任何特定的 ODBC 驱动程序或数据库服务器，但经测试可与 Sqlite、MySQL、MariaDB 和 PostgreSQL 兼容。

note: type: Plain text
en: Windows users: the backslash character (``\``) must be escaped with a second backslash when included in a JSON quoted string.  If including a file path in your connection string, make sure to use double backslashes (`\\`).
zh: Windows 用户：在 JSON 引用字符串中包含反斜线字符 (``\``) 时，必须使用第二个反斜线转义。 如果在连接字符串中包含文件路径，请确保使用双反斜线 (`\\`)。

note: type: Plain text
en: Flatpak users: You need to install the corresponding ODBC drivers as Flatpak extensions.  You can do this via the "Add-ons" section for KiCad in your software manager (i.e. GNOME Software), or via the command line: Run `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.sqliteodbc` for SQLite, `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.mariadb-connector-odbc` for MariaDB or MySQL, or `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.psqlodbc` for PostgreSQL.
zh: Flatpak 用户： 您需要安装相应的 ODBC 驱动程序作为 Flatpak 扩展。 您可以通过软件管理器（即 GNOME 软件）中 KiCad 的 "加载项 "部分，或通过命令行进行安装： 为 SQLite 运行 `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.sqliteodbc`，为 MariaDB 或 MySQL 运行 `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.mariadb-connector-odbc`，或为 PostgreSQL 运行 `flatpak install org.kicad.KiCad.ODBCDriver.psqlodbc`。

note: type: Title =====
en: Configuring libraries
zh: 配置库

note: type: Plain text
en: Each database library can contain "sub-libraries" mapped to a single database table.  The `libraries` entry in the configuration file contains a list of objects that each define a single library.  The following settings must exist for each library:
zh: 每个数据库关联库可以包含映射到单个数据库表的 "子库"。 配置文件中的 `libraries` 条目包含一个对象列表，每个对象定义一个库。 每个库必须存在以下设置:

note: type: Plain text
en: `name`: The name of the sub-library (table) that will be shown in the KiCad UI and included as a prefix in each symbol name placed from this sub-library.  This name can include any valid characters for a symbol name except for a forward slash (`/`) because the slash character is used as a separator between the sub-library name and the symbol name.  If this field is left blank, no prefix will be added to symbols in this sub-library.
zh: `name`: 子库（表）的名称，该名称将显示在 KiCad UI 中，并作为前缀包含在该子库的每个符号名称中。 该名称可以包含符号名称的任何有效字符，但正斜杠 (`/`) 除外，因为斜杠字符将用作子库名称和符号名称之间的分隔符。 如果该字段留空，则不会为该子库中的符号添加前缀。

note: type: Plain text
en: `table`: The name of the table in the database.
zh: `table`: 数据库中的表的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `key`: The column name containing a unique key that will be used to identify parts from the table.
zh: `key`: 包含唯一键的列名，将用于识别表中的器件。

note: type: Plain text
en: `symbols`: The column name containing KiCad symbol references.
zh: `symbols`: 包含 KiCad 符号引用的列名。

note: type: Plain text
en: `footprints`: The column name containing KiCad footprint references.
zh: `footprints`: 包含 KiCad 封装引用的列名。

note: type: Plain text
en: `fields`: A list of field definitions.  Each field defined here will be added to the symbol when it is placed on the schematic.  If a field with a matching name is already defined in the source symbol, the value from the database table will override whatever value was defined in the source symbol. Each field definition may contain:
zh: `fields`: 一个字段定义的列表。 在这里定义的每个字段都会在符号被放置在原理图上时被添加到符号中。 如果源符号中已经定义了一个名称相同的字段，那么数据库表中的值将覆盖源符号中定义的任何值。每个字段定义都可以包含：

note: type: Plain text
en: `column`: The name of the database table column that should be mapped to a field.
zh: `column`: 应该被映射到一个字段的数据库表列的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `name`: The name of the KiCad field to populate from the database.
zh: `name`: 要从数据库中填充的 KiCad 字段的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: `visible_on_add`: If `true`, this field will be visible in the schematic when a symbol is added. If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `visible_on_add`: 如果是 `true`，当符号被添加时，这个字段将在原理图中可见。如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `visible_in_chooser`: If `true`, this field will be shown in the Symbol Chooser as a column. If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `visible_in_chooser`: 如果 `true`，这个字段将在符号选择器中显示为一个列。如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `show_name`: If `true`, the field's name will be shown in addition to its value in the schematic.  If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `show_name`: 如果是 `true`，除显示其值之外，该字段的名称将在原理图中显示。 如果没有指定这个设置，将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `inherit_properties`: If `true`, and a field with the given `name` already exists on the source symbol, only the field contents will be updated from the database, and the other properties (`visible_on_add`, `show_name`, etc) will be kept as they were set in the source symbol.  If the given field name does not exist in the source symbol, this setting is ignored.  If this setting is not specified, it will default to `false`.
zh: `inherit_properties`: 如果是 `true`，并且源符号中已经存在一个给定的 `name` 字段，那么只有字段内容将从数据库中更新，其他属性（`visible_on_add`，`show_name` 等）将保持源符号中的设置。 如果给定的字段名在源符号中不存在，这个设置将被忽略。 如果没有指定这个设置，它将默认为 `false`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `properties`: A map of symbol properties to database columns.  All properties are optional; any that are not specified in the database library configuration will be inherited from the values set for the source symbol.  The following properties are supported:
zh: `properties`: 符号属性与数据库列的映射。 所有的属性都是可选的；任何没有在数据库库配置中指定的属性都将从为源符号设置的值中继承下来。 支持以下属性：

note: type: Plain text
en: `description`: The symbol's Description property.
zh: `description`: 符号的描述属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: `footprint_filters`: Reserved for future expansion.
zh: `footprint_filters`: 预留给未来的扩展。

note: type: Plain text
en: `keywords`: The symbol's Keywords property.
zh: `keywords`: 符号的关键词属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: `exclude_from_bom`: The symbol's "Exclude from Bill of Materials" setting.  The column named here must be a numeric type, and will be taken as a boolean (0 for false, 1 for true).
zh: `exclude_from_bom`: 符号的 "不包括在 BOM 中" 设置。 该列必须是数字类型，并将被视为布尔值（`0` 代表假，`1` 代表真）。

note: type: Plain text
en: `exclude_from_board`: The symbol's "Exclude from PCB" setting. The column named here must be a numeric type, and will be taken as a boolean (0 for false, 1 for true).
zh: `exclude_from_board`: 符号的 "排除在 PCB 之外" 设置。该列必须是数字类型，并将被当作布尔值（`0` 代表假，`1` 代表真）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Database columns may be mapped to custom (user-defined) fields, or to certain built-in KiCad fields, including `Value` and `Datasheet`.
zh: 数据库列可以被映射到自定义（用户定义的）字段，或某些内置的 KiCad 字段，包括 `Value` 和 `Datasheet`。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad only supports text (string) fields.  If you map a database column containing a numeric SQL data type, it will be converted to a string using a general-purpose conversion algorithm that will switch to scientific notation for very large or very small numbers.  This format conversion cannot be fine-tuned by the user, so if explicit control over number-to-string conversion is needed, a new column or view should be used to do the conversion in the database.
zh: KiCad 仅支持文本（字符串）字段。 如果映射包含数值 SQL 数据类型的数据库列，将使用通用转换算法将其转换为字符串，对于非常大或非常小的数字，将转换为科学符号。 用户无法对这种格式转换进行微调，因此如果需要明确控制数字到字符串的转换，应使用新列或视图在数据库中进行转换。

note: type: Title ====
en: Using database libraries
zh: 使用数据库关联库

note: type: Plain text
en: After creating your configuration file and adding it to your symbol library table, you can place parts from the database tables using the Symbol Chooser.  Parts placed from a database library can be updated using the Update Symbols from Library function, which will update any fields that were changed in the database as well as updating the underlying symbol if it was changed in the source library.
zh: 创建配置文件并将其添加到符号库表中后，您可以使用符号选择器从数据库表中放置元件。 从数据库关联库中放置的元件可以使用 "从库中更新符号" 功能进行更新，该功能将更新数据库中被改变的任何字段，以及更新源库中被改变的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Note that any source library referenced by a database table must also be present in the symbol library table for the database library to function.  If you want to use a library only as a source of symbols for a database library, you can hide it from the Symbol Chooser by clearing the "Visible" checkbox in the Manage Symbol Libraries dialog.
zh: 请注意，数据库表所引用的任何源库也必须存在于符号库表中，这样数据库关联库库才能正常工作。 如果你想把一个库只作为数据库关联库的符号源，你可以通过清除 "管理符号库" 对话框中的 "可见" 复选框将其从符号选择器中隐藏起来。

note: type: Plain text
en: HTTP libraries are read only and support REST or REST-like APIs.
zh: HTTP 库为只读库，支持 REST 或类似 REST 的应用程序接口。

note: type: Plain text
en: To create an HTTP library, you must create a configuration file that contains the necessary information for KiCad to connect to the providing library (API) and to retrieve data from it.
zh: 要创建 HTTP 库，必须创建一个配置文件，其中包含 KiCad 连接到提供库（API）并从中获取数据所需的信息。

note: type: Plain text
en: Copy the template below into a new file and save it using the `.kicad_httplib` file extension. You should then edit this file and replace `root_url` and `token` values with your own. Once saved, add this file to your global symbol library table using the Configure Symbol Libraries dialog which can be found under *Preferences->Manage Symbol Libraries...*.
zh: 将下面的模板复制到一个新文件中，并使用 `.kicad_httplib` 文件扩展名保存。然后编辑该文件，用自己的值替换 `root_url` 和 `token` 值。保存后，使用 "配置符号库 "对话框将此文件添加到全局符号库表中，该对话框可在 *"偏好设置"->"管理符号库..."* 下找到。

note: type: Plain text
en: Users have the option to configure two timeout settings. The `timeout_parts_seconds` setting dictates the validity duration of a part's information, while the `timeout_categories_seconds` setting determines how long categories remain valid. The default values are set to 60 seconds and 600 seconds respectively, but if the data for either setting is anticipated to remain unchanged, users can opt for higher values. This will significantly speed up the opening of the symbol chooser. It's important to note that KiCad will re-cache the data on the initial startup regardless of these timeout settings.
zh: 用户可以选择配置两种超时设置。`timeout_parts_seconds` 设置决定了部件信息的有效期，而 `timeout_categories_seconds` 设置决定了类别的有效期。默认值分别设置为 60 秒和 600 秒，但如果这两个设置的数据预计将保持不变，用户可以选择更高的值。这将大大加快符号选择器的打开速度。值得注意的是，无论这些超时设置如何，KiCad 都会在首次启动时重新缓存数据。

note: type: Plain text
en: Authentication is done via an *Access Token* only. Users need to ask their administrators to get a valid token issued if the HTTP library is maintained externally.
zh: 身份验证仅通过 *访问令牌* 完成。如果 HTTP 库是由外部维护的，用户需要向管理员申请一个有效的令牌。

note: type: Title ====
en: Caching Behaviour for Categories
zh: 类别的缓存行为

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad caches all available Categories once when opening the Symbol Chooser Dialog. Subsequently, any alterations made to the categories on the server side will remain undetected by KiCad until the user performs a program restart. This implementation is intentionally designed to conserve bandwidth resources, as it prevents KiCad from attempting to retrieve data from the API every time the user opens the Symbol Chooser Dialog. Such continuous data fetching, especially under constrained bandwidth conditions, would severely impede KiCad's performance.
zh: KiCad 在打开 "符号选择器对话框 " 时会缓存一次所有可用的 "类别"。随后，在服务器端对类别所做的任何更改都不会被 KiCad 检测到，直到用户重新启动程序。这种实现方式旨在节省带宽资源，因为它可以防止 KiCad 在用户每次打开 "符号选择器对话框 " 时都尝试从 API 获取数据。这种连续的数据获取，尤其是在带宽受限的情况下，会严重影响 KiCad 的性能。

note: type: Title ====
en: Server Response Codes
zh: 服务器响应代码

note: type: Plain text
en: If KiCad receives an API error, it will display an error message to the user. For more information about API errors and server responses, see the APIs and Bindings section at dev-docs.kicad.org.
zh: 如果 KiCad 收到 API 错误，它会向用户显示错误信息。有关 API 错误和服务器响应的更多信息，请参阅 dev-docs.kicad.org 上的 API 和绑定部分。

note: type: Title ===
en: Custom Netlist and BOM Formats
zh: 自定义网表和 BOM 格式

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can output netlists and BOMs in various formats, and users can define new formats if desired.
zh: KiCad 可以导出各种格式的网表和 BOM，如果需要，用户可以定义新的格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The process of exporting a netlist is described in the <<netlist-export,netlist export section>>. BOM output is described in the <<bom-export,BOM export section>>.
zh: 导出网表的过程在 <<netlist-export,netlist export section>>中描述。BOM 导出在<<bom-export,BOM导出章节>>中描述。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following section describes how to create an exporter for a new output format.
zh: 下文描述了如何为一个新的导出格式创建一个导出器。

note: type: Title ====
en: Adding new netlist generators
zh: 添加新的网表生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: New netlist generators are added to the **Export Netlist** dialog by clicking the **Add Generator...** button.
zh: 新的网表生成器可以通过点击 **添加生成器...** 按钮添加到 **导出网表** 对话框中。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Custom Netlist Generator
zh: 自定义网表生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: New generators require a name and a command. The name is shown in the tab label, and the command is run whenever the **Export Netlist** button is clicked.
zh: 新的生成器需要一个名称和一个命令。名称显示在标签中，只要点击 **导出网表** 按钮，就会运行该命令。

note: type: Plain text
en: When the netlist is generated, KiCad creates an intermediate XML file which contains all of the netlist information from the schematic. The generator command is then run in order to transform the intermediate netlist into the desired netlist format.
zh: 当网表生成时，KiCad 会创建一个中间的 XML 文件，其中包含原理图中所有的网表信息。然后运行生成器命令，以将中间网表转换为所需的网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The netlist command must be set up properly so that the netlist generator script takes the intermediate netlist file as input and outputs the desired netlist file. The exact netlist command will depend on the generator script used. The <<generator-command-line-format,command format>> is described below.
zh: 网表命令必须正确设置，以便网表生成器脚本将中间网表文件作为输入并输出所需的网表文件。确切的网表命令将取决于所使用的生成器脚本。下面描述了<<generator-command-line-format,命令格式>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: Python and XSLT are commonly used tools to create custom netlist generators.
zh: Python 和 XSLT 是创建自定义网表生成器的常用工具。

note: type: Title ====
en: Adding a new BOM generator
zh: 添加新的 BOM 生成器

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad also uses the intermediate netlist file to generate BOMs with the <<bom-export,Generate BOM tool>>.
zh: KiCad 还使用中间网表文件，通过 <<bom-export,BOM生成工具>>生成 BOM。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: BOM dialog
zh: BOM 对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/dialog_bom.png
zh: images/zh/dialog_bom.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Additional scripts can be added to the list of BOM generator scripts by clicking the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] button. Scripts can be removed by clicking the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Delete icon] button. The image:images/icons/small_edit_16.png[Edit icon] button opens the selected script in a text editor.
zh: 通过点击 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 按钮，可以在 BOM 生成器脚本列表中添加其他脚本。点击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除图标] 按钮，可以删除脚本。image:images/icons/small_edit_16.png[编辑图标] 按钮在文本编辑器中打开所选的脚本。

note: type: Plain text
en: Generator scripts written in Python and XSLT can contain a header comment that describes the generator's functionality and usage. This header comment is displayed in the BOM dialog as the description for each generator. The header comment must contain the string `@package`. Everything following that string until the end of the comment is used as the description for the generator.
zh: 用 Python 和 XSLT 编写的生成器脚本可以包含一个标题注释，描述生成器的功能和用法。这个标题注释会作为每个生成器的描述显示在 BOM 对话框中。标题注释必须包含字符串 `@package`。该字符串之后直到注释结束的所有内容都被用作生成器的描述。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad automatically fills the command line field when a new generator script is added, but the command line might need to be adjusted by hand depending on the generator script. KiCad attempts to automatically determine the output file extension from the example command line in the generator script's header.
zh: 当添加新的生成器脚本时，KiCad 会自动填充命令行字段，但根据生成器脚本的情况，可能需要手工调整命令行。KiCad 试图从生成器脚本标题中的示例命令行自动确定输出文件扩展名。

note: type: Title ====
en: Generator command line format
zh: 生成器命令行格式

note: type: Plain text
en: The command line for a netlist or BOM exporter defines the command that KiCad will run to generate the selected output file.
zh: 网表或 BOM 导出器的命令行定义了 KiCad 将运行的命令，用以生成所选输出文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: For a netlist exporter using `xsltproc`, an example is:
zh: 对于使用 `xsltproc` 的网表导出器，以下为一个示例：

note: type: Plain text
en: For a BOM exporter using Python, an example is:
zh: 对于使用 Python 的 BOM 导出器，以下为一个示例：

note: type: Plain text
en: It is recommended to surround arguments in the command line with quotes (`"`) in case they contain spaces or other special characters.
zh: 建议在命令行中用引号 （`"`） 将参数括起来，以防它们包含空格或其他特殊字符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some character sequences like `%I` and `%O` have a special meaning in the command line, because KiCad replaces them with a filename or path before executing the command.
zh: 某些字符序列（如 `%I` 和 `%O`）在命令行中具有特殊含义，因为 KiCad 在执行命令之前将它们替换为文件名或路径。

note: type: Table
en: |Parameter |Replaced with... |Description
    |`%I` 
        |`<project path>/<project name>.xml`
        |Absolute path and filename of the intermediate netlist file, which is the input
        to the BOM or netlist generator plugin
    |`%O`
        |`<project path>/<project name>`
        |Absolute path and filename of the output BOM or netlist file (without file
        extension). An appropriate file extension may need to be specified after the
        `%O` sequence.
    |`%B`
        |`<project name>`
        |Base filename of the output BOM or netlist file (without path or file
        extension). An appropriate file extension may need to be specified after the
        `%B` sequence.
    |`%P`
        |`<project path>`
        |Absolute path of the project directory, without trailing slash.
zh: |参数 |替换为... |描述
    |`%I` 
        |`<工程路径>/<工程名称>.xml`
        |中间网表文件的绝对路径和文件名，它是 BOM 或网表生成器插件的输入。
        
    |`%O`
        |`<工程路径>/<工程名称>`
        |输出 BOM 或网表文件的绝对路径和文件名（没有文件扩展名）。
        适当的文件扩展名可能需要在 `%O` 序列后指定。
    |`%B`
        |`<工程名称>`
        |输出 BOM 或网表文件的基本文件名（没有路径或文件扩展名）。
        适当的文件扩展名可能需要在 `%B` 序列后指定。
    |`%P`
        |`<工程路径>`
        |工程目录的绝对路径，没有尾部斜线

note: type: Title ====
en: Intermediate Netlist File
zh: 中间网表文件格式

note: type: Plain text
en: When exporting BOM files and netlists, KiCad creates an intermediate netlist file and then runs a separate tool which post-processes the intermediate netlist into the desired netlist or BOM format.
zh: 当输出 BOM 文件和网表时，KiCad 会创建一个中间网表文件，然后运行一个单独的工具，将中间网表后期处理成所需的网表或 BOM 格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The intermediate netlist uses XML syntax. It contains a large amount of data about the design. Depending on the output (BOM or netlist), different subsets of the complete intermediate netlist file will be included in the final output file.
zh: 中间网表使用 XML 语法。它包含有关设计的大量数据。根据输出（BOM 或网表），完整中间网表文件的不同子集将包含在最终输出文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The structure of the intermediate netlist file is described in detail <<intermediate-netlist-structure,below>>.
zh: 中间网表文件的结构详述 <<intermediate-netlist-structure,如下>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: Because the conversion from intermediate netlist file to output netlist or BOM is a text-to-text transformation, the post-processing filter can be written using Python, XSLT, or any other tool capable of taking XML as input.
zh: 由于从中间网表文件到输出网表或 BOM 的转换是文本到文本的转换，因此可以使用 Python、XSLT 或任何其他能够将 XML 作为输入的工具编写后处理过滤器。

note: type: Plain text
en: XSLT is not recommended for new netlist or BOM exporters; Python or another tool should be used instead. Beginning with KiCad 7, `xsltproc` is no longer installed with KiCad, although it can be installed separately.  Nevertheless, several examples of netlist exporters using XSLT are included below.
zh: 不建议新的网表或 BOM 导出器使用 XSLT；应该改用 Python 或其他工具。从 KiCad 7 开始，`xsltproc` 不再随 KiCad 一起安装，尽管它可以单独安装。 不过，下面列出了使用 XSLT 的网表导出器的几个示例。

note: type: Title ====
en: Intermediate Netlist structure
zh: 中间网表结构

note: type: Plain text
en: This sample gives an idea of the netlist file format.
zh: 此示例提供了网表文件格式的概览。

note: type: Title =====
en: General netlist file structure
zh: 通用网表文件结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The intermediate Netlist accounts for five sections.
zh: 中间网表由五个部分组成。

note: type: Plain text
en: The header section.
zh: “标题” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The components section.
zh: “元件” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The lib parts section.
zh: “库元件” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The libraries section.
zh: “库” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The nets section.
zh: “网络” 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The file content has the delimiter `<export>`
zh: 文件内容带有分隔符 `<export>`

note: type: Title =====
en: The header section
zh: “标题”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The header has the delimiter `<design>`
zh: 标题带有分隔符 `<design>`

note: type: Plain text
en: This section can be considered a comment section.
zh: 此部分可视为评论。

note: type: Title =====
en: The components section
zh: “元件”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The component section has the delimiter `<components>`
zh: 元件部分带有分隔符 `<components>`

note: type: Plain text
en: This section contains the list of components in your schematic. Each component is described like this:
zh: 本部分包含原理图中的元件列表。 每个元件都是这样描述的：

note: type: Table
en: |Element name |Element description
    
    |`libsource` |name of the lib where this component was found.
    |`part` |component name inside this library.
    |`sheetpath` |path of the sheet inside the hierarchy: identify the sheet
    within the full schematic hierarchy.
    |`tstamps` |timestamp of the component.
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`libsource` |找到该元件的库的名称。
    |`part` |该库中的元件名称。
    |`sheetpath` |层次结构中的图纸路径：用于识别图纸。
    |`tstamps` |元件的时间戳。

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Note about time stamps for components
zh: ====== 关于元件时间戳的注意事项

note: type: Plain text
en: To identify a component in a netlist and therefore on a board, the timestamp reference is used as unique for each component. However KiCad provides an auxiliary way to identify a component which is the corresponding footprint on the board. This allows the re-annotation of components in a schematic project and does not lose the link between the component and its footprint.
zh: 为了识别网表中的元件以及电路板上的元件，时间戳引用作为每个元件的唯一标识。然而，KiCad 提供了一种辅助的方式来识别一个元件，即电路板上的对应封装。在原理图工程中重新标注元件，不会失去元件和其封装之间的联系。

note: type: Plain text
en: A time stamp is an unique identifier for each component or sheet in a schematic project. However, in complex hierarchies, the same sheet is used more than once, so this sheet contains components having the same time stamp.
zh: 时间戳是原理图工程中每个元件或图纸的唯一标识符。但是， 在复杂的层次结构中， 同一个图纸会被多次使用， 因此该图纸包含具有相同时间戳的元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: A given sheet inside a complex hierarchy has an unique identifier: its sheetpath. A given component (inside a complex hierarchy) has a unique identifier: the sheetpath and its timestamp.
zh: 在一个复杂的层次结构中，一个给定的图纸有一个唯一的标识符：它的图纸路径。一个给定的元件（在一个复杂的层次结构内）有一个唯一的标识符：图纸路径和它的时间戳。

note: type: Title =====
en: The libparts section
zh: “库文件”部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The libparts section has the delimiter `<libparts>`, and the content of this section is defined in the schematic libraries.
zh: 库文件部分带有分隔符 `<libparts>` 该部分的内容在原理图库中定义。

note: type: Table
en: |Element name |Element description
    
    |`<footprints>` | The symbol's footprint filters. Each footprint filter is in a separate `<fp>` tag.
    |`<fields>` |The symbol's fields. Each field's name and value is given in a separate `<field name="fieldname">...</field> tag.
    |`<pins>` |The symbol's pins. Each pin is given in a separate `<pin num="pinnum" type="pintype"/>` tag. Possible pintypes are described below.
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`<footprints>` | 符号的封装。每个封装都在一个单独的 `<fp>` 标签中。
    |`<fields>` |符号的字段。每个字段的名称和值都在一个单独的 `<field name="字段名称">...<field>` 标签中给出
    |`<pins>` |符号的引脚。每个引脚都在一个单独的 `<pin num="引脚编号" type="pintype"/>` 标签中给出。可能的引脚类型描述如下。

note: type: Plain text
en: Possible electrical pin types are:
zh: 可能的电气引脚类型有：

note: type: Table
en: |Pintype |Description
    
    |Input |Usual input pin
    |Output |Usual output
    |Bidirectional |Input or Output
    |Tri-state |Bus input/output
    |Passive |Usual ends of passive components
    |Unspecified |Unknown electrical type
    |Power input |Power input of a component
    |Power output |Power output like a regulator output
    |Open collector |Open collector often found in analog comparators
    |Open emitter |Open emitter sometimes found in logic
    |Not connected |Must be left open in schematic
zh: |引脚类型 |描述
    
    |Input |通用输入引脚
    |Output |通用输出引脚
    |Bidirectional |输入或输出（双向）
    |Tri-state |总线输入/输出（三态）
    |Passive |无源元件的通用端头
    |Unspecified |未知的电气类型
    |Power input |元件电源输入引脚
    |Power output |电源输出，如稳压器输出
    |Open collector |模拟比较器中常见的集电极开路
    |Open emitter |有时出现在逻辑器件中的发射极开路
    |Not connected |必须在原理图中保持未连接状态

note: type: Title =====
en: The libraries section
zh: 库部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The libraries section has the delimiter `<libraries>`. This section contains the list of schematic libraries used in the project.
zh: 库部分带有分隔符 `<libraries>`。该部分包含工程中使用的原理图库的列表。

note: type: Title =====
en: The nets section
zh: “网络” 部分

note: type: Plain text
en: The nets section has the delimiter `<nets>`. This section describes the connectivity of the schematic by listing all nets and the pins connected to each net.
zh: 网络部分的分隔符为 `<nets>`。这一部分通过列出所有的网络和连接到每个网络的引脚来描述原理图的连接性。

note: type: Plain text
en: A possible net contains the following.
zh: 一个网络可能包含以下内容。

note: type: Table
en: |Element name | Element Description
    
    |`net code` | an internal identifier for this net
    |`name` | the net name
    |`node` | the pin (identified by `pin`) of a symbol (identified by `ref`) which is connected to the net
zh: |元素名称 |元素描述
    
    |`net code` | 该网络的内部标识符
    |`name` | 网络的名称
    |`node` | 符号（由 `ref` 标识）的引脚（由 `pin` 标识），该引脚与网络连接。

note: type: Title ====
en: Example netlist exporters
zh: 网表导出器实例

note: type: Plain text
en: Some example netlist exporters using XSLT are included below.
zh: 下面包括一些使用 XSLT 的网表导出器的例子。

note: type: Plain text
en: XSLT itself is an XML language very suitable for XML transformations.  http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/xsltproc.html[The `xsltproc` program] can be used to read the Intermediate XML netlist input file, apply a style-sheet to transform the input, and save the results in an output file. Use of `xsltproc` requires a style-sheet file using XSLT conventions. The full conversion process is handled by KiCad, after it is configured once to run `xsltproc` in a specific way.
zh: XSLT 本身是一种 XML 语言，非常适用于 XML 转换。 http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/xsltproc.html[`xsltproc` 程序] 可以用来读取中间的 XML 网表输入文件，应用样式表来转换输入，并将结果保存在输出文件中。使用 `xsltproc` 需要一个使用 XSLT 惯例的样式表文件。整个转换过程由 KiCad 处理，在它被配置为以特定方式运行 `xsltproc` 之后。

note: type: Plain text
en: The document that describes XSL Transformations (XSLT) is available here: http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt
zh: 描述 XSL 变换（XSLT）的文件可在此获得: http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt

note: type: Plain text
en: When writing a new netlist exporter, consider using Python or another tool rather than XSLT.
zh: 当编写一个新的网表导出器时，考虑使用 Python 或其他工具而不是 XSLT。

note: type: Title =====
en: PADS netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 PADS 网表实例

note: type: Plain text
en: The following example shows how to create an exporter for the PADS netlist format using `xlstproc`.
zh: 下面的例子显示了如何使用 `xlstproc` 为 PADS 网表格式创建一个输出器。

note: type: Plain text
en: The PADS netlist format is comprised of two sections:
zh: PADS 网表格式由两部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of footprints
zh: 封装列表

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of nets, together with the pads connected to each net.
zh: 一个网络的列表，以及与每个网络相连的焊盘。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the PADS netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 PADS 网表格式。

note: type: delimited block -
en:     How to use:
            https://lists.launchpad.net/kicad-developers/msg05157.html
    -->
zh:     如何使用:
            https://lists.launchpad.net/kicad-developers/msg05157.html
    -->

note: type: Plain text
en: And here is the PADS netlist output file after running `xsltproc`:
zh: 这是运行 `xsltproc` 后的 PADS 网表输出文件：

note: type: Plain text
en: The command line to make this conversion is:
zh: 进行这种转换的命令行是：

note: type: Title =====
en: Cadstar netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 Cadstar 网表例子

note: type: Plain text
en: The following example shows how to create an exporter for the Cadstar netlist format using `xlstproc`.
zh: 下面的例子显示了如何使用 `xlstproc` 为 Cadstar 网表格式创建一个输出器。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Cadstar format is comprised of two sections:
zh: Cadstar 的格式由两部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: The footprint list
zh: 封装列表

note: type: Plain text
en: The Nets list: grouping pads references by nets
zh: 网络列表：按网络对焊盘进行分组

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the Cadstar netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 Cadstar 网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is the Cadstar output file.
zh: 这是 Cadstar 输出文件。

note: type: Title =====
en: OrcadPCB2 netlist example using XSLT
zh: 使用 XSLT 的 OrcadPCB2 网表示例

note: type: Plain text
en: This format has only one section which is the footprint list. Each footprint includes a list of its pads with reference to a net.
zh: 这种格式只有一个部分，就是封装列表。每个封装都包括其焊盘的列表，并引用一个网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an XSL style-sheet which converts the intermediate netlist file to the Orcad netlist format.
zh: 下面是一个 XSL 样式表，将中间网表文件转换为 Orcad 网表格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is the OrcadPCB2 output file.
zh: 这是 OrcadPCB2 输出文件。

note: type: Title ==
en: Assigning Footprints
zh: 分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Before routing a PCB, footprints need to be selected for every component that will be assembled on the board. Footprints define the copper connections between physical components and the routed traces on a circuit board.
zh: 在对 PCB 进行布线之前，需要为每一个将要装配在电路板上的元件选择封装。封装定义了物理元件和电路板上的布线之间的铜连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbols come with footprints pre-assigned, but for many symbols there are multiple possible footprints, so the user needs to select the appropriate one.
zh: 有些符号预分配了封装，但对许多符号来说，有多种可能的封装，所以用户需要选择合适的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad offers several ways to assign footprints:
zh: KiCad 提供了几种分配封装的方法：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Properties
zh: 符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol Properties Dialog
zh: 符号属性对话框

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Fields Table
zh: 符号字段表

note: type: Plain text
en: While placing symbols
zh: 在放置符号的同时

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 封装分配工具

note: type: Plain text
en: Each method will be explained below. Which to use is a matter of preference; one method may be more convenient depending on the situation. All of these methods are equivalent in that they store the name of the selected footprint in the symbol's `Footprint` field.
zh: 下面将对每种方法进行解释。使用哪种方法是一个偏好的问题；根据情况，某种方法可能更方便。所有这些方法都是等效的，它们在符号的 `封装` 字段中存储所选封装的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Library Table needs to be configured before footprints can be assigned. For information on configuring the Footprint Library Table, please see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[PCB Editor manual].
zh: 封装库表需要在分配封装之前进行配置。关于配置封装库表的信息, 请参见 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew_footprints_and_libraries.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[PCB Editor manual]。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints in Symbol Properties
zh: 在符号属性中分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol's `Footprint` field can be edited directly in the symbol's Properties window.
zh: 符号的 `封装` 字段可以直接在符号的属性窗口中编辑。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Assigning footprint in Symbol Properties
zh: 在符号属性中分配封装

note: type: Title ====
en: Assigning Footprints with the Symbol Fields Table
zh: 用符号字段表分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Rather than editing the properties of each symbol individually, the Symbol Fields Table can be used to view and edit the properties of all symbols in the design in one place. This includes assigning footprints by editing the `Footprint` field of each symbol.
zh: 和单独编辑每个符号的属性相比，符号字段表可以用来在一个地方查看和编辑设计中所有符号的属性。这包括通过编辑每个符号的 `封装` 字段来分配封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Fields Table is accessed with **Tools** -> **Edit Symbol Fields...**, or with the image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[Symbol Fields Table Icon] button on the top toolbar.
zh: 符号字段表可以通过 **工具** -> **编辑符号字段...**，或者通过顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[符号字段表图标] 按钮进入。

note: type: Plain text
en: The `Footprint` field behaves the same here as in the Symbol Properties window: it can be edited directly, or footprints can be selected visually with the Footprint Library Browser.
zh: `封装`字段在这里的作用与符号属性窗口的作用相同：可以直接编辑，也可以用封装库浏览器直观地选择封装。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bulk editing footprint assignments with the Symbol Fields Table
zh: 用符号字段表批量编辑封装

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on the Symbol Fields Table, see the <<symbol-fields-table,section on editing symbol properties>>.
zh: 关于符号字段表的更多信息，请参见<<symbol-fields-table,关于编辑符号属性章节>>。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints While Placing Symbols
zh: 放置符号时分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprints can be assigned to symbols when the symbol is first added to the schematic.
zh: 当符号第一次被添加到原理图中时，可以为符号分配封装。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Default footprint in Add Symbol dialog
zh: 添加符号对话框中的默认封装

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can have footprint filters that specify which footprints are appropriate to use with that symbol. If footprint filters are defined for the selected symbol, all footprints that match the footprint filters will appear as options in the footprint dropdown. The selected footprint will be displayed in the preview canvas and will be assigned to the symbol when the symbol is added to the schematic.
zh: 符号可以有封装过滤器，指定哪些封装适合与该符号一起使用。如果为选定的符号定义了封装过滤器，那么所有符合封装过滤器的封装都会作为选项出现在封装下拉菜单中。选定的封装将显示在预览画布中，当符号被添加到原理图中时，将被分配给该符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint options will not appear in the footprint dropdown unless the footprint libraries are loaded. Footprint libraries are loaded the first time the Footprint Editor or Footprint Library Browser are opened in a session.
zh: 除非加载封装库，否则封装选项不会出现在封装下拉菜单中。在一个会话中第一次打开 "封装编辑器" 或 "封装库浏览器" 时，将加载封装库。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on footprint filters, see the <<footprint-filters,Symbol Editor Documentation>>.
zh: 关于封装过滤器的更多信息，请参阅<<footprint-filters,符号编辑器文档>>。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 用封装分配工具分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool allows you to associate symbols in your schematic to footprints used when laying out the printed circuit board. It provides footprint list filtering, footprint viewing, and 3D component model viewing to help ensure the correct footprint is associated with each component.
zh: 封装分配工具允许你将原理图中的符号与印制电路板布线时用到的封装关联起来。它提供了封装列表过滤、封装查看和3D元件模型查看，以确保将正确的封装与每个元件联系起来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Components can be assigned to their corresponding footprints manually or automatically by creating equivalence files (.equ files). Equivalence files are lookup tables associating each component with its footprint.
zh: 元件可以手动或通过创建等效文件（.equ 文件）自动分配到其相应的封装。等效文件是将每个元件与它的封装联系起来的查找表。

note: type: Plain text
en: Run the tool with **Tools** -> **Assign Footprints...**, or by clicking the image:images/icons/icon_cvpcb_24_24.png[Footprint Assignment Tool icon] icon in the top toolbar.
zh: 点击 **工具** -> **分配封装...** 来运行该工具，或者点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/icon_cvpcb_24_24.png[封装分配工具的图标] 图标。

note: type: Title ====
en: Footprint Assignment Tool Overview
zh: 封装分配工具概述

note: type: Plain text
en: The image below shows the main window of the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 下面的图片显示了封装分配工具的主窗口。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: The main window of the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 封装分配工具的主窗口

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/cvpcb_main_window.png
zh: images/zh/cvpcb_main_window.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The left pane contains the list of available footprint libraries associated with the project.
zh: 左边的窗格包含了与该工程相关的可用封装库的列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The center pane contains the list of symbols in the schematic.
zh: 中间窗格包含原理图中的符号列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The right pane contains the list of available footprints loaded from the project footprint libraries.
zh: 右边的窗格包含了从工程封装库加载的可用封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The bottom pane describes the filters that have been applied to the footprint list and prints information about the footprint selected in the rightmost pane.
zh: 底部的窗格描述了应用于封装列表的过滤器，并打印了在最右边窗格中选择的封装的信息。

note: type: Plain text
en: The top toolbar contains the following commands:
zh: 顶部的工具条包含以下命令：

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/save_24.png[]
    |Transfer the current footprint associations to the schematic.
    
    |image:images/icons/library_table_24.png[]
    |Edit the global and project footprint library tables.
    
    |image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[]
    |View the selected footprint in the footprint viewer.
    
    |image:images/icons/left_24.png[]
    |Select the previous symbol without a footprint association.
    
    |image:images/icons/right_24.png[]
    |Select the next symbol without a footprint association.
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[]
    | Undo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[]
    | Redo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[]
    |Perform automatic footprint association using an equivalence file.
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_association_24.png[]
    |Delete all footprint assignments.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by footprint filters defined in the selected symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by pin count of the selected symbol.
    
    |image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]
    |Filter footprint list by selected library.
zh: |image:images/icons/save_24.png[]
    |将当前的封装关联到原理图中。
    
    |image:images/icons/library_table_24.png[]
    |编辑全局和工程封装库表。
    
    |image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[]
    |在封装查看器中查看选定的封装。
    
    |image:images/icons/left_24.png[]
    |选择没有封装关联的前一个符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/right_24.png[]
    |选择下一个没有封装关联的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[]
    | 撤消上次的编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[]
    | 重做最后一次编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[]
    |使用等效文件执行自动封装关联
    
    |image:images/icons/delete_association_24.png[]
    |删除所有的封装分配。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |通过所选符号中定义的封装过滤器来过滤封装列表。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]
    |按所选符号的引脚数过滤封装列表。
    
    |image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]
    |按选定的库过滤封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following table lists the keyboard commands for the Footprint Assignment Tool:
zh: 下表列出了封装分配工具的键盘命令：

note: type: Table
en: |Right Arrow / Tab|Activate the pane to the right of the currently activated pane.
    Wrap around to the first pane if the last pane is currently activated.
    
    |Left Arrow |Activate the pane to the left of the currently activated
    pane. Wrap around to the last pane if the first pane is currently activated.
    
    |Up Arrow |Select the previous item of the currently selected list.
    
    |Down Arrow |Select the next item of the currently selected list.
    
    |Page Up |Select the item one full page upwards of the currently selected
    item.
    
    |Page Down |Select the item one full page downwards of the currently selected
    item.
    
    |Home |Select the first item of the currently selected list.
    
    |End |Select the last item of the currently selected list.
zh: |向右箭头/Tab|激活当前窗格右侧的窗格。
    如果当前激活的是最后一个窗格，则绕到第一个窗格。
    
    |向左箭头|激活当前窗格左侧的窗格。
    如果当前激活的是第一个窗格，则绕到最后一个窗格。
    
    |向上箭头 |选择当前所选列表中的前一个项目。
    
    |向下箭头 |选择当前选择的列表中的下一个项目。
    
    |Page Up |选择当前所选项目向上翻一整页的项目。
    
    |Page Down |选择当前所选项目向下一整页的项目。
    
    |Home |选择当前选择的列表中的第一个项目。
    
    |End |选择当前所选列表的最后一个项目。

note: type: Title ====
en: Manually Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 使用 "封装分配工具" 手动分配 "封装"

note: type: Plain text
en: To manually associate a footprint with a component, first select a component in the component (middle) pane. Then select a footprint in the footprint (right)  pane by double-clicking on the name of the desired footprint. The footprint will be assigned to the selected component, and the next component without an assigned footprint is automatically selected.
zh: 要手动将一个封装与一个元件关联起来，首先在元件（中间）窗格中选择一个元件。然后在封装（右）窗格中选择一个封装，双击所需封装的名称。封装将被分配给选定的元件，而下一个没有分配封装的元件将被自动选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: If no footprints appear in the footprint pane, check that the <<filtering-the-footprint-list,footprint filter options>> are correctly applied.
zh: 如果没有封装出现在封装窗格中，检查<<filtering-the-footprint-list,封装过滤选项>>是否正确应用。

note: type: Plain text
en: When all components have footprints assigned to them, click the **OK** button to save the assignments and exit the tool. Alternatively, click **Cancel** to discard the updated assignments, or **Apply, Save Schematic & Continue** to save the new assignments without exiting the tool.
zh: 当所有的元件都有封装时，点击 **OK** 按钮来保存分配并退出工具。或者，点击 **取消**，放弃更新的赋值，或者点击 **应用，保存原理图并继续**，保存新的赋值，而不退出工具。

note: type: Title =====
en: Filtering the Footprint List
zh: 筛选 "封装" 列表

note: type: Plain text
en: There are four filtering options which restrict which footprints are displayed in the footprint pane. The filtering options are enabled and disabled with three buttons and a textbox in the top toolbar.
zh: 有四个过滤选项可以限制哪些封装显示在封装窗格中。过滤选项是通过顶部工具栏的三个按钮和一个文本框来启用和禁用的。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]: Activate <<footprint-filters,filters that can be defined in each symbol>>.  For example, an opamp symbol might define filters that show only SOIC and DIP footprints.
zh: image:images/icons/module_filtered_list_24.png[]：激活 <<footprint-filters,过滤器可以在每个符号中定义>>。 例如，一个运算放大器符号可以定义过滤器，只显示 SOIC 和 DIP 封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]: Only show footprints that match the selected symbol's pin count.
zh: image:images/icons/module_pin_filtered_list_24.png[]：只显示符合所选符号引脚数的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]: Only show footprints from the library selected in the left pane.
zh: image:images/icons/module_library_list_24.png[]：只显示左侧窗格中选择的库的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Entering text in the textbox hides footprints that do not match the text. This filter is disabled when the box is empty.
zh: 在文本框中输入文本，会隐藏与文本不匹配的封装。当文本框为空时，该过滤器被禁用。

note: type: Plain text
en: When all filters are disabled, the full footprint list is shown.
zh: 当所有的过滤器被禁用时，会显示完整的封装列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: The applied filters are described in the bottom pane of the window, along with the number of footprints that meet the selected filters. For example, when the symbol's footprint filters and pin count filters are enabled, the bottom pane prints the footprint filters and pin count:
zh: 窗口的底部窗格中描述了应用的过滤器，以及符合所选过滤器的封装数量。例如，当符号的封装过滤器和引脚数过滤器被启用时，底部窗格会打印封装过滤器和引脚数：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Filter details when symbol footprint filters and pin count filter are enabled
zh: 启用符号封装过滤器和引脚数过滤器时的过滤器细节

note: type: Plain text
en: Multiple filters can be used at once to help narrow down the list of possibly appropriate footprints in the footprint pane. The symbols in KiCad's standard library define footprint filters that are designed to be used in combination with the pin count filter.
zh: 可以同时使用多个过滤器来帮助缩小封装窗格中可能合适的封装列表。KiCad 标准库中的符号定义了封装过滤器，旨在与引脚数过滤器结合使用。

note: type: Title ====
en: Automatically Assigning Footprints with the Footprint Assignment Tool
zh: 使用封装分配工具自动分配封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool allows you to store footprint assignments in an external file and load the assignments later, even in a different project. This allows you to automatically associate symbols with the appropriate footprints.
zh: 封装分配工具允许你在一个外部文件中存储封装分配，并在以后加载这些分配，甚至在不同的工程中。这使你能够自动将符号与适当的封装联系起来。

note: type: Plain text
en: The external file is referred to as an equivalence file, and it stores a mapping of a symbol value to a corresponding footprint. Equivalence files typically use the `.equ` file extension. Equivalence files are plain text files with a simple syntax, and must be created by the user using a text editor. The syntax is described below.
zh: 外部文件被称为等效文件，它存储了一个符号到相应的封装的映射。等效文件通常使用 `.equ` 文件扩展名。等效文件是具有简单语法的纯文本文件，必须由用户用文本编辑器来创建。语法描述如下。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can select which equivalence files to use by clicking **Preferences** -> **Manage Footprint Association Files** in the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 你可以在 "封装分配工具" 中点击 **偏好设置** -> **管理 "封装关联文件" ** 来选择使用哪些等效文件。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Managing equivalence files
zh: 管理等效文件

note: type: Plain text
en: Add new equivalence files by clicking the *Add* button.
zh: 通过点击 *添加* 按钮添加新的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Remove the selected equivalence file by clicking the *Remove* button.
zh: 点击 *删除* 按钮，删除所选的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Change the priority of equivalence files by clicking the *Move Up* and *Move Down* buttons. If a symbol's value is found in multiple equivalence files, the footprint from the last matching equivalence file will override earlier equivalence files.
zh: 通过点击 *上移* 和 *下移* 按钮改变等效文件的优先级。如果一个符号的值在多个等效文件中被发现，最后一个匹配的等效文件的封装将覆盖早期的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Open the selected equivalence file by clicking the *Edit File* button.
zh: 点击 *编辑文件* 按钮，打开所选的等效文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Relevant environment variables are shown at the bottom of the window. When the *Relative* path option is checked, these environment variables will automatically be used to make paths to selected equivalence files relative to the project or footprint libraries.
zh: 相关的环境变量显示在窗口的底部。当 *相对* 路径选项被选中时，这些环境变量将被自动用于使所选等效文件的路径与项目或封装库相对。

note: type: Plain text
en: Once the desired equivalence files have been loaded in the correct order, automatic footprint association can be performed by clicking the image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[Perform automatic footprint assignment icon] button in the top toolbar of the Footprint Assignment Tool.
zh: 一旦所需的等效文件以正确的顺序载入，就可以通过点击封装分配工具顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/auto_associate_24.png[执行自动封装分配图标] 按钮来进行自动封装分配。

note: type: Plain text
en: All symbols with a value found in a loaded equivalence file will have their footprints automatically assigned. However, symbols that already have footprints assigned will not be updated.
zh: 所有在加载的等效文件中找到的符号都将自动分配其封装。然而，已经分配了封装的符号将不会被更新。

note: type: Title =====
en: Equivalence File Format
zh: 等效文件格式

note: type: Plain text
en: Equivalence files consist of one line for each symbol value. Each line has the following structure:
zh: 等效文件中每一行代表一个符号。每行都有以下结构：

note: type: Plain text
en: Each name/value must be surrounded by single quotes (`'`) and separated by one or more spaces. Lines starting with `#` are comments.
zh: 每个名称/值必须用单引号（`'`）包围，并由一个或多个空格隔开。以 `#` 开头的行是注释。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, if you want all symbols with the value `LM4562` to be assigned the footprint `Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9_P1.27mm`, the line in the equivalence file should be:
zh: 例如，如果你想让所有值为 `LM4562` 的符号被分配到 `Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9_P1.27mm` 的封装，等效文件中的一行应该是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Here is an example equivalence file:
zh: 下面是一个等效文件的例子：

note: type: Title ====
en: Viewing the Current Footprint
zh: 查看当前封装

note: type: Plain text
en: The Footprint Assignment Tool contains a footprint viewer. Clicking the image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[footprint viewer icon] button in the top toolbar launches the footprint viewer and shows the selected footprint.
zh: 封装分配工具包含一个封装查看器。点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/icon_footprint_browser_24.png[封装查看器图标] 按钮可以启动封装查看器，并显示选定的封装。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Viewing a footprint
zh: 查看封装

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/footprint_view.png
zh: images/zh/footprint_view.png

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[]
    |Refresh view
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[]
    |Zoom in
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[]
    |Zoom out
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[]
    |Zoom to fit drawing in display area
    
    |image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[]
    |Show 3D viewer
zh: |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[]
    |刷新视图
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[] 
    |放大
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[]
    |缩小
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[]
    |放大到适合显示区域
    
    |image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[]
    |显示 3D 查看器

note: type: Plain text
en: The left toolbar contains the following commands:
zh: 左边的工具条包含以下命令：

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[]
    |Use the select tool
    
    |image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[]
    |Interactively measure between two points
    
    |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[]
    |Display grid dots or lines
    
    |image:images/icons/polar_coord_24.png[]
    |Switch between polar and cartesian coordinate systems
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[]
    |Use inches
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[]
    |Display coordinates in mils (1/1000 of an inch)
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[]
    |Display coordinates in millimeters
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[]
    |Toggle display of full-window crosshairs
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_number_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing pads in sketch or normal mode
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_sketch_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing pads in normal mode or outline mode
    
    |image:images/icons/text_sketch_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing text in normal mode or outline mode
    
    |image:images/icons/show_mod_edge_24.png[]
    |Toggle between drawing graphic lines in normal mode or outline mode
zh: |image:images/icons/cursor_24.png[]
    |使用选择工具
    
    |image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[]
    |在两点之间交互测量
    
    |image:images/icons/grid_24.png[]
    |显示网格点或线
    
    |image:images/icons/polar_coord_24.png[]
    |在极坐标系和卡迪尔坐标系之间切换
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_inch_24.png[]
    |使用英寸
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mil_24.png[]
    |以mil（1/1000英寸）为单位显示坐标
    
    |image:images/icons/unit_mm_24.png[]
    |以毫米为单位显示坐标
    
    |image:images/icons/cursor_shape_24.png[]
    |切换全窗口十字准线的显示
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_number_24.png[]
    |在草图或正常模式下的焊盘显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/pad_sketch_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或轮廓模式下的焊盘显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/text_sketch_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或大纲模式下的文本显示切换
    
    |image:images/icons/show_mod_edge_24.png[]
    |在正常模式或大纲模式下的图形线显示切换

note: type: Title =====
en: Viewing the Current 3D Model
zh: 查看当前 3D 模型

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking the image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[3D Viewer icon] button opens the footprint in the 3D model viewer.
zh: 点击 image:images/icons/shape_3d_24.png[3D 视图图标] 按钮在 3D 模型查看器中打开封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a 3D model does not exist for the current footprint, only the footprint itself will be shown in the 3D Viewer.
zh: 如果当前的封装不存在 3D 模型，那么在 3D 浏览器中只显示封装本身。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: 3D-Model view
zh: 3D 模型查看

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/3d_window.png
zh: images/zh/3d_window.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The 3D Viewer is described in the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#threed-viewer[PCB Editor manual].
zh: 3D查看器在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew_inspecting.adoc#threed-viewer[PCB Editor manual]中描述。

note: type: Title ==
en: Generating Outputs
zh: 生成输出

note: type: Title ===
en: Printing
zh: 打印

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can print the schematic to a standard printer using **File**->**Print...**.
zh: KiCad 可以使用 **文件** -> **打印...** 将原理图发送到标准打印机。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Print dialog
zh: 打印对话框

note: type: Title ====
en: Printing options
zh: 打印选项

note: type: Plain text
en: Printing uses platform- and printer-specific drivers and may have unexpected results. When printing to a file, *Plotting* is recommended instead of *Printing*.
zh: 打印时使用平台及打印机特有的驱动程序，可能会产生意想不到的结果。当打印到一个文件时，建议使用 *绘图* 而不是 *打印*。

note: type: Title ===
en: Plotting
zh: 绘图

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can plot schematics to a file using **File** -> **Plot...**.
zh: KiCad 可以使用 **文件** -> **绘图...** 将原理图绘制到文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The supported output formats are Postscript, PDF, SVG, DXF, and HPGL.
zh: 支持的输出格式是 Postscript、PDF、SVG、DXF 和 HPGL。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Plot dialog
zh: 绘制对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Output Messages** pane displays messages about the generated files.  Different kinds of messages can be shown or hidden using the checkboxes, and the messages can be saved to a file using the **Save...** button.
zh: **输出信息** 窗格显示有关生成文件的信息。 可以用复选框显示或隐藏不同种类的信息，还可以用 **保存...** 按钮将信息保存到文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Plot Current Page** button plots the current page of the schematic. The **Plot All Pages** button plots all pages of the schematic. One file is generated for each page, except for PDF output, which plots each schematic page as a separate page in a single PDF file.
zh: 点击**绘制当前页** 按钮绘制原理图的当前页。**绘制全部页面** 按钮可以绘制原理图的所有页面。每一页都会生成一个文件，但 PDF 输出除外，它将原理图的每一页作为单独的一页绘制在一个 PDF 文件中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Plotting options
zh: 绘制选项

note: type: Plain text
en: **Minimum line width:** Selects the minimum width for lines.
zh: **最小宽度：** 选择行的最小宽度。

note: type: Plain text
en: **Generate property popups:** Enables or disables the interactive PDF features described below. This option only applies for PDF output.
zh: **生成属性弹出窗口：** 启用或禁用下文所述的交互式 PDF 功能。此选项仅适用于 PDF 输出。

note: type: Title ====
en: Interactive PDF features
zh: PDF 交互功能

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol fields popup
zh: 符号字段弹出

note: type: Plain text
en: Hyperlinks can be clicked.
zh: 可以点击超链接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The table of contents is populated with schematic sheets as well as the symbols and hierarchical labels in each sheet.
zh: 目录中填充了原理图页以及每张页面中的符号和层次标签。

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking on many schematic elements displays a popup menu containing relevant information.
zh: 点击原理图对象会弹出一个包含相关信息的菜单。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols display their symbol fields.
zh: 符号显示其符号字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical subsheets display their sheetname and filename, as well as an option to enter the sheet itself.
zh: 层次的子页显示它们的原理图页名称和文件名，以及一个可以进入子页的选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels display the resolved net and netclass.
zh: 标签显示已解决的网络和网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Buses display their members.
zh: 总线显示其成员。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some of these features are not supported in all PDF readers.
zh: 其中一些功能并非所有 PDF 阅读器都支持。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can generate a bill of materials that lists all of the components in the design. BOMs are configurable: you can select which components are included, how components are ordered, which symbol fields are included and in what order, and what the output format is.
zh: KiCad 可以生成物料清单，列出设计中的所有元件。物料清单是可配置的：您可以选择包括哪些元件、元件的排序方式、包括哪些符号字段和顺序，以及输出格式。

note: type: Plain text
en: BOMs are exported using the <<symbol-fields-table,Symbol Fields Table>>. As a shortcut to open the **Export** tab of this dialog, you can select **Tools** -> **Generate Bill of Materials...** or use the image:images/icons/post_bom_24.png[BOM icon] button on the top toolbar.
zh: 使用《符号字段表，符号字段表》导出物料清单。作为打开此对话框的 **导出** 选项卡的快捷方式，您可以选择* *工具** -> **生成物料清单...** ，或使用顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/post_bom_24.png[物料清单图标] 按钮。

note: type: Plain text
en: The contents of the BOM are configured in the **Edit** tab. The format of the exported BOM file is configured in the **Export** tab. The BOM is written when you press the **Export** button at the bottom of the dialog.
zh: 物料清单的内容在 **编辑** 选项卡中配置。导出 BOM 文件的格式在 **导出** 选项卡中配置。按下对话框底部的 **导出** 按钮后，BOM 即被写入。

note: type: Title ====
en: BOM contents
zh: BOM 内容

note: type: Plain text
en: The exported BOM will contain exactly the components (rows) and fields (columns)  shown in the **Edit** tab, with the same grouping and sorting. Components with the **Exclude from BOM** attribute set are shown in the **Edit** tab but will not be included in the BOM export. Components with the DNP (do not populate)  attribute set can be optionally excluded from both the table in the **Edit** tab and the exported BOM by checking the **Exclude DNP** box. You can also limit the displayed components to those in the current sheet, the current sheet and all of its subsheets, or the entire schematic.
zh: 导出的物料清单将完全包含 **编辑** 选项卡中显示的组件（行）和字段（列），分组和排序也相同。具有 **从物料清单中排除** 属性集的组件会显示在 **编辑** 选项卡中，但不会包含在物料清单导出中。带有 DNP（不填充）属性集的元件可以通过选中 **排除 DNP** 复选框从 **编辑** 选项卡中的表格和导出的 BOM 中排除。您还可以将显示的元件限制为当前工作表、当前工作表及其所有子工作表或整个原理图中的元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: Fields with the **Show** box checked will be included as columns in the BOM, and fields with the **Group By** box checked are used to group components together.  Components are grouped into the same line if all of their **Group By** fields are identical and the **Group symbols** box is checked. You can set an arbitrary column name for each field and reorder columns by dragging their headers.
zh: 选中 **显示** 框的字段将作为列包含在物料清单中，选中按 **分组** 框的字段用于将元件分组。 如果元件的所有按 **分组** 字段都相同，且选中了 **分组符号 ** 框，则元件会被分组到同一行中。您可以为每个字段设置一个任意的列名，并通过拖动列头对列重新排序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Presets are available to configure the list of fields. Presets store which fields are displayed, which fields are used for grouping, and the column order.  You can create and save your own presets or use one of several default presets.  Custom presets can be deleted in this dialog or in the <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> dialog.
zh: 预置可用于配置字段列表。预置可存储显示的字段、用于分组的字段以及列顺序。 您可以创建并保存自己的预置，也可以使用多个默认预置之一。 自定义预置可以在此对话框或 《原理图设置，原理图设置》 对话框中删除。

note: type: Plain text
en: The built-in presets "Grouped By Value" and "Grouped By Value and Footprint" replicate <<legacy-bom-export,legacy BOM scripts>>, while "Attributes" shows only the reference and value fields and the DNP, exclude from board, exclude from simulation, and exclude from BOM attributes.
zh: 内置预设 "按值分组" 和 "按值和封装分组" 复制了《旧版 BOM 脚本，旧版 BOM 脚本》，而 "属性" 只显示参考和值字段以及 DNP、从电路板排除、从仿真排除和从 BOM 排除属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some virtual fields are available that may be useful in BOM exports. Adding a field with one of the following names will not create a new field in the symbols, but will create a special column in the table and BOM with auto-generated values for each component:
zh: 有些虚拟字段在 BOM 输出中可能有用。添加以下名称的字段不会在符号中创建新字段，但会在表格和 BOM 中创建一个特殊列，并为每个元件自动生成值：

note: type: Plain text
en: `${QUANTITY}` creates a field that contains the number of grouped instances of that component.
zh: `${QUANTITY}` 创建一个字段，其中包含该元件的分组实例数。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${ITEM_NUMBER}` creates a field that contains the row number of the component in the BOM.
zh: `${ITEM_NUMBER}` 创建一个包含 BOM 中元件行号的字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${DNP}` creates a field with a checkbox that controls the component's DNP attribute. In the BOM, this field resolves to the string "DNP" if the component's DNP attribute is set, or an empty string otherwise.
zh: `${DNP}` 创建一个带有复选框的字段，用于控制组件的 DNP 属性。在 BOM 中，如果元件的 DNP 属性已设置，则该字段解析为字符串 "DNP"，否则解析为空字符串。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD}` creates a field with a checkbox that controls the component's exclude from board attribute. In the BOM, this field resolves to the string "Excluded from board" if the component's exclude from board attribute is set, or an empty string otherwise.
zh: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_BOARD}`创建了一个带有复选框的字段，用于控制元件的从电路板排除属性。在 BOM 中，如果元件的电路板排除属性已设置，则该字段解析为字符串 "电路板排除"，否则解析为空字符串。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_SIM}` creates a field with a checkbox that controls the component's exclude from simulation attribute. In the BOM, this field resolves to the string "Excluded from simulation" if the component's exclude from simulation attribute is set, or an empty string otherwise.
zh: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_SIM}`创建一个带有复选框的字段，用于控制元件的 "从仿真中排除 " 属性。在 BOM 中，如果与元件的 "从仿真中排除" 属性已设置，则该字段解析为字符串 "从仿真中排除"，否则解析为空字符串。

note: type: Plain text
en: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM}` creates a field with a checkbox that controls the component's exclude from BOM attribute. Components with the exclude from BOM attribute set are not included in the BOM.
zh: `${EXCLUDE_FROM_BOM}` 创建一个带有复选框的字段，用于控制元件的 BOM 排除属性。设置了排除在 BOM 之外属性的元件不会包含在 BOM 中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The functionality of the **Edit** tab is explained in more detail in the <<symbol-fields-table,Symbol Fields Table documentation>>.
zh: 关于**编辑** 选项卡的功能，请参阅《符号字段表，符号字段表文档》。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Export** tab contains settings concerning the output file format for the BOM and displays a preview of the raw BOM file output.
zh: **导出** 选项卡包含有关 BOM 输出文件格式的设置，并显示原始 BOM 输出文件的预览。

note: type: Plain text
en: At the top you can specify the output file. Pressing the **Export** button will write the BOM to this file path. This path can contain <<text-variables,text variables>>.
zh: 您可以在顶部指定输出文件。按下 **导出** 按钮将把 BOM 写入该文件路径。该路径可以包含 《文本变量，文本变量》。

note: type: Plain text
en: The settings on the left control how the BOM information is formatted in the file. You can change the delimiter between fields, the delimiter that surrounds each field, the delimiter that separates a sequence of references (e.g. the comma in `R1,R3`), and the delimiter for a range of references (e.g. the dash in `R1-R3`). If no range delimiter is given, ranges will not be used: `R1-R3` will be written out as `R1,R2,R3`, for example, assuming `,` as a reference delimiter. Tabs and newlines in fields can be preserved or stripped, depending on the **Keep tabs** and **Keep line breaks** settings.
zh: 左侧的设置控制 BOM 信息在文件中的格式。您可以更改字段之间的分隔符、围绕每个字段的分隔符、分隔引用序列的分隔符（例如，`R1,R3` 中的逗号）以及引用范围的分隔符（例如，`R1-R3` 中的破折号）。如果没有给出范围分隔符，则不会使用范围： 例如，`R1-R3` 将被写成`R1,R2,R3`，假定 `,` 为引用分隔符。根据 **保留制表符** 和 **保留换行符** 的设置，可以保留或删除字段中的制表符和换行符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several default format presets are available. You can select a comma-separated value (CSV) format, a tab-separated value (TSV) format, or a semicolon-separated format. You can also create and save your own presets. Custom presets can be deleted in this dialog or in the <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> dialog.
zh: 有多种默认格式预设可供选择。您可以选择逗号分隔值 (CSV) 格式、制表符分隔值 (TSV) 格式或分号分隔格式。您还可以创建和保存自己的预设。自定义预置可在此对话框或 《示意图设置，示意图设置》 对话框中删除。

note: type: Plain text
en: Previous versions of KiCad used external scripts to process the design information into the desired output format. This BOM generation tool is still available by selecting **Tools** -> **Generate Legacy Bill of Materials...**.
zh: 以前版本的 KiCad 使用外部脚本将设计信息处理成所需的输出格式。选择 **工具** -> **生成传统物料清单...** ，仍可使用此物料清单生成工具。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can select which BOM generator to use in the *BOM generator scripts* list.  The rest of the dialog displays information about the selected generator. You can change the displayed name of the generator with the *Generator nickname* textbox.
zh: 您可以在 *BOM 发生器脚本* 列表中选择要使用的 BOM 生成器。 对话框的其余部分显示所选生成器的信息。您可以用 *生成器昵称* 文本框来改变生成器的显示名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pane at right displays information about the selected script. When the generator is executed, the right pane instead displays output from the script.
zh: 右边的窗格显示所选脚本的信息。当生成器被执行时，右边的窗格会显示脚本的输出。

note: type: Plain text
en: The text box at the bottom contains the command that KiCad will use to execute the generator. It is automatically populated when a script is selected, but the command may need to be hand-edited for some generators. KiCad saves the command line for each generator when the BOM tool is closed, so command line customizations are preserved. For more details about the command line, see the <<generator-command-line-format,advanced documentation>>.
zh: 底部的文本框包含了 KiCad 用来执行生成器的命令。当选择脚本时，该文本框会自动填充，但对于某些生成器来说，该命令可能需要手工编辑。当关闭 BOM 工具时，KiCad 会保存每个生成器的命令行，因此定制的命令行会被保留下来。关于命令行的更多细节，请参阅 <<generator-command-line-format,高级文档>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: On Windows, the BOM Generator dialog has an additional option *Show console window*. When this option is unchecked, BOM generators run in a hidden console window and any output is redirected and printed in the dialog. When this option is checked, BOM generators run in a visible console window, which may be necessary if the generator plugin provides a graphical user interface.
zh: 在 Windows 下，BOM 生成器对话框有一个额外的 *显示控制台窗口*选项。当这个选项未被选中时，BOM 生成器在一个隐藏的控制台窗口中运行，任何输出都会被重定向并打印在对话框中。当该选项被选中时，BOM 生成器在一个可见的控制台窗口中运行，如果生成器插件提供了一个图形用户界面，这可能是必要的。

note: type: Title =====
en: BOM generator scripts
zh: BOM 生成器脚本

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_extra` outputs a CSV with a single section containing every component in the design. Components are grouped by value, footprint, DNP (do not populate), and any additional fields that are specified on the command line. To specify extra fields, add the desired field names as quoted strings at the end of the command line. For example, to include the `MPN` field, the end of the command line would be: `<path to script>/bom_csv_grouped_extra.py "%I" "O.csv" "MPN"`. The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_extra` 输出一个 CSV 文件，其中包含设计中的每个元件。元件按值、封装、DNP（不使用）和命令行中指定的任何额外字段分组。要指定额外的字段，在命令行的末尾用引号字符串添加所需的字段名。例如，要包括  `MPN` 字段，命令行的结尾应该是 `<脚本路径>/bom_csv_grouped_extra.py "%I" "O.csv" "MPN"`。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Line item number
zh: 行编号

note: type: Plain text
en: Reference designator(s)
zh: 位号

note: type: Plain text
en: Quantity
zh: 数量

note: type: Plain text
en: Value
zh: 值

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint
zh: 封装

note: type: Plain text
en: DNP
zh: 不安装

note: type: Plain text
en: Specified extra fields
zh: 指定的额外字段

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value` outputs a CSV with two sections. The first section contains every component in the design, with a single component on each line.  The second section also contains every component, but components are grouped by symbol name, value, footprint, and DNP (do not populate). The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value` 输出的CSV有两个部分。第一部分包含了设计中的每个元件，每行都有一个元件。 第二部分也包含每个元件，但元件是按符号名称、值、封装和 DNP（不安装）分组的。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol library and symbol name
zh: 符号库和符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: Datasheet
zh: 数据手册

note: type: Plain text
en: Any other symbol fields
zh: 任何其他符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value_with_fp` outputs a CSV with a single section containing every component in the design. Components are grouped by value, footprint, and DNP (do not populate). The columns in the BOM are:
zh: `bom_csv_grouped_by_value_with_fp` 输出一个 CSV，其中有一个单独的部分，包含设计中的每个元件。元件按值、封装和 DNP（不安装）进行分组。BOM 中的列是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol name
zh: 符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol description
zh: 符号描述

note: type: Plain text
en: Vendor
zh: 供应商

note: type: Plain text
en: Additional generator scripts are installed with KiCad but are not populated in the generator script list by default. The location of these scripts depends on the operating system and may vary based on installation location.
zh: 额外的生成器脚本与 KiCad 一起安装，但默认情况下不会在生成器脚本列表中填入。这些脚本的位置取决于操作系统，并可能根据安装位置而有所不同。

note: type: Table
en: |Operating System |Location
    |Windows |`C:\Program Files\KiCad\6.0\bin\scripting\plugins\`
    |Linux |`/usr/share/kicad/plugins/`
    |macOS |`/Applications/KiCad/KiCad.app/Contents/SharedSupport/plugins/`
zh: |运行系统 |位置
    |Windows |`C:\Program Files\KiCad\6.0\bin\scripting\plugins\`
    |Linux |`/usr/share/kicad/plugins/`
    |macOS |`/Applications/KiCad/KiCad.app/Contents/SharedSupport/plugins/`

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information on creating and using custom BOM generators, see the <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,advanced documentation>>.
zh: 关于创建和使用自定义 BOM 生成器的更多信息，请参见 <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,高级文档>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: BOM export from PCB editor
zh: 从 PCB 编辑器导出 BOM

note: type: Title ===
en: Generating a Netlist
zh: 生成网表

note: type: Plain text
en: A netlist is a file which describes electrical connections between symbol pins.  These connections are referred to as nets. Netlist files contain:
zh: 网表是一个描述符号引脚之间电气连接的文件。 这些连接被称为网络。网表文件包含：

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of symbols and their pins.
zh: 符号及其引脚的列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: A list of connections (nets) between symbol pins.
zh: 符号引脚之间的连接（网络）列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many different netlist formats exist. Sometimes the symbols list and the list of nets are two separate files. This netlist is fundamental in the use of schematic capture software, because the netlist is the link with other electronic CAD software, such as PCB layout software, simulators, and programmable logic compilers.
zh: 存在许多不同的网表格式。有时符号表和网表是两个独立的文件。网表是使用原理图设计软件的基础，因为网表建立了与其他电子 CAD 软件，如 PCB 布局软件、仿真器和可编程逻辑编译器的联系。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad supports several netlist formats:
zh: KiCad 支持几种网表格式：

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad format, which can be imported by the KiCad PCB Editor. However, the <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"Update PCB from Schematic">> tool should be used instead of importing a KiCad netlist into the PCB editor.
zh: KiCad 格式，可由 KiCad PCB 编辑器导入。然而，应该使用 <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"从原理图更新 PCB">> 工具而不是将 KiCad 网表导入 PCB 编辑器。

note: type: Plain text
en: OrCAD PCB2 format, for designing PCBs with OrCAD.
zh: OrCAD PCB2 格式，用于 OrCAD 设计 PCB。

note: type: Plain text
en: CADSTAR format, for designing PCBs with CADSTAR.
zh: CADSTAR 格式，用于 CADSTAR 设计 PCB。

note: type: Plain text
en: Spice format, for use with various external circuit simulators.
zh: Spice 格式，用于各种外部电路仿真器。

note: type: Plain text
en: In KiCad version 5.0 and later, it is not necessary to create a netlist
          for transferring a design from the schematic editor to the PCB editor.
          Instead, use the
          <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"Update PCB from Schematic">> tool.
zh: 在 KiCad 5.0 及以后的版本中，将设计从原理图编辑器转移到 PCB 编辑器时，没有必要创建网表。推荐使用 <<eeschema_schematic_to_pcb.adoc#schematic-to-pcb,"从原理图更新PCB">> 工具。

note: type: Plain text
en: Other software tools that use netlists may have restrictions on spaces and
          special characters in component names, pins, nets, and other fields. For
          compatibility, be aware of such restrictions in other tools you plan to
          use, and name components, nets, etc. accordingly.
zh: 其他使用网表的软件工具可能对元件名称、引脚、网络和其他字段中的空格和特殊字符有限制。为了兼容性，请注意其他工具中的这种限制，并相应地命名元件、网络等。

note: type: Title ====
en: Netlist formats
zh: 网表格式

note: type: Plain text
en: Netlists are exported with the Export Netlist dialog (**File**->**Export**->**Netlist...**).
zh: 网表是通过导出网表对话框（**文件** -> **导出** -> **网表...**）导出的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: KiCad netlist export
zh: KiCad 网表导出

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad supports exporting netlists in several formats: KiCad, OrcadPCB2, CADSTAR, Spice, and Spice Model. Each format can be selected by selecting the corresponding tab at the top of the window. Some netlist formats have additional options.
zh: KiCad 支持导出多种格式的网表。KiCad、OrcadPCB2、CADSTAR、Spice 和 Spice Model。每种格式都可以通过选择窗口顶部的相应标签来选择。一些网表格式有额外的选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Clicking the **Export Netlist** button prompts for a netlist filename and saves the netlist.
zh: 点击 **导出网表** 按钮，会提示输入网表文件名并保存网表。

note: type: Plain text
en: Netlist generation can take up to several minutes for large schematics.
zh: 对于大型原理图，网表的生成可能需要几分钟。

note: type: Plain text
en: Custom generators for other netlist formats can be added by clicking the **Add Generator...** button. Custom generators are external tools that are called by KiCad, for example Python scripts or XSLT stylesheets. For more information on custom netlist generators, see <<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,the section on adding custom netlist generators>>.
zh: 其他网表格式的自定义生成器可以通过点击 **添加生成器...** 按钮添加。自定义生成器是由 KiCad 调用的外部工具，例如 Python 脚本或 XSLT 样式表。关于自定义网表生成器的更多信息，请参见<<custom-netlist-and-bom-formats,添加自定义网表生成器>>章节。

note: type: Title =====
en: Spice Netlist Format
zh: Spice 网表格式

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Spice netlist export
zh: Spice 网表导出

note: type: Plain text
en: The Spice netlist format offers several options.
zh: Spice 网表格式提供了几个选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: When the **use current sheet as root** is selected, only the current sheet is exported to a subcircuit model. Otherwise, the entire schematic sheet is exported.
zh: 当选择 **使用当前图纸作为根图纸** 时，只有当前页图纸导出到子电路模型中。否则，所有原理图图纸将被导出。

note: type: Plain text
en: Exact behavior may vary between simulation tools.
zh: 不同仿真工具之间的行为可能有所不同。

note: type: Plain text
en: Passive symbol values are automatically adjusted to be compatible with various Spice simulators. Specifically:
zh: 无源符号值会自动调整，以便与各种 Spice 仿真器兼容。具体而言：

note: type: Plain text
en: Values in RKM format are rewritten to be Spice-compatible (e.g. `4u7` is changed to `4.7u`)
zh: RKM 格式的数值被改写为与 Spice 兼容（例如，`4u7` 被改成 `4.7u`）

note: type: Plain text
en: The Spice netlist exporter also provides an easy way to simulate the generated netlist with an external simulator. This can be useful for running a simulation without using <<simulator,KiCad's internal ngspice simulator>>, or for running an ngspice simulation with options that are not supported by KiCad's simulator tool.
zh: Spice 网表导出器还提供了一种简单的方法，可以用外部仿真器对生成的网表进行仿真。这对于在不使用<<simulator,KiCad 的内部 ngspice 仿真器>>的情况下运行仿真，或者使用 KiCad 的仿真器工具不支持的选项运行 ngspice 仿真是很有用的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The default simulator command (`spice "%I"`) must be adjusted to point to
          a simulator installed on your system.
zh: 默认的仿真器命令（`spice "%I"`）必须调整为指向系统上安装的仿真器。

note: type: Plain text
en: Spice simulators expect simulation commands (`.PROBE`, `.AC`, `.TRAN`, etc.) to be included in the netlist. Any text line included in the schematic diagram starting with a period (`.`) will be included in the netlist. If a text object contains multiple lines, only the lines beginning with a period will be included.
zh: Spice 仿真器预期仿真命令（`.PROBE`， `.AC`， `.TRAN` 等）包含在网表中。原理图中包含的任何以句号（`.`）开始的文本行都将被包含在网表中。如果一个文本对象包含多行，只有以句号开头的行将被包含在内。

note: type: Plain text
en: `.include` directives for including model library files are automatically added to the netlist based on the Spice model settings for the symbols in the schematic.
zh: 根据原理图中符号的 Spice 模型设置，用于包括模型库文件的 `.include` 指令被自动添加到网表。

note: type: Title =====
en: Spice Model Netlist Format
zh: Spice 模型网表格式

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can also export a netlist of the schematic as a Spice subcircuit model, which can be included in a separate Spice simulation. Any hierarchical labels in the schematic are used as pins for the subcircuit model. Each pin in the model is annotated with a comment describing the pin's electrical direction:
zh: KiCad 还可以将原理图的网表导出为 Spice 子电路模型，这可以包含在一个单独的 Spice 仿真中。原理图中的任何层次标签都被用作子电路模型的引脚。模型中的每个引脚都有批注，描述该引脚的电气方向：

note: type: Plain text
en: `Input` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `input` annotation
zh: `输入` 的层次标签被映射到一个 `输入` 的批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Output` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `output` annotation
zh: `输出` 的层次化标签被映射到 `输出` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Bidirectional` hierarchical labels are mapped to an `inout` annotation
zh: `双向` 层次标签被映射到 `输入输出` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Tri-state` hierarchical labels are mapped to a `tristate` annotation
zh: `三态` 的层次标签被映射到 `三态` 批注上

note: type: Plain text
en: `Passive` hierarchical labels are mapped to a `passive` annotation
zh: `被动` 层次标签被映射到 `被动` 批注上

note: type: Title ====
en: Netlist examples
zh: 网表示例

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is the schematic from the `sallen_key` project included in KiCad's simulation demos.
zh: 下面是 KiCad 仿真示例的 `sallen_key` 工程的原理图。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: sallen_key demo schematic
zh: sallen_key 演示原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad format netlist for this schematic is as follows:
zh: 该原理图的 KiCad 格式网表如下：

note: type: Plain text
en: In Spice format, the netlist is as follows:
zh: 在 Spice 格式中，网表如下：

note: type: Title ==
en: Hierarchical schematics
zh: 层次原理图

note: type: Title ===
en: Introduction
zh: 简介

note: type: Plain text
en: In KiCad, multi-sheet schematics are hierarchical: there is a single root sheet, and additional sheets are created as subsheets of either the root sheet or another subsheet. Sheets can be included in a hierarchy multiple times, if desired.
zh: 在 KiCad 中，多张原理图可以形成层次结构：有一个根原理图，其他图作为根原理图或另一个子原理图的子原理图被创建。如果需要的话，原理图可以被多次包含在一个层次结构中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Carefully drawing a schematic as a hierarchical design improves schematic legibility and reduces repetitive drawing.
zh: 仔细地将原理图绘制成层次设计，可以提高原理图的可读性，减少重复绘制。

note: type: Plain text
en: Creating a hierarchical schematic starts from the root sheet. The process is to create a subsheet, then draw the circuit in the subsheet and make the necessary electrical connections between sheets. Connections can be made between nets in a subsheet and nets in the parent sheet using hierarchical pins and labels, or between any two nets in the hierarchy using global labels.
zh: 创建层次原理图是从根原理图开始的。其过程是创建一个子原理图，然后在子原理图中绘制电路，并在原理图之间进行必要的电气连接。可以使用层次引脚和标签为子原理图和父原理图的网络建立连接，也可以使用全局标签为层次中的任意网络建立连接。

note: type: Title ===
en: Adding sheets to a design
zh: 在设计中添加原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: You can add a subsheet to a design with the Add Hierarchical Sheet tool (kbd:[S] hotkey, or the image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[Add Hierarchical Sheet icon] button in the right toolbar). Launch the tool, then click twice in the canvas to draw the upper left and lower right corners of the subsheet symbol. Make the sheet outline large enough to fit the <<hierarchical-sheet-pins,hierarchical pins you will add later>>.
zh: 你可以用 "添加层次原理图" 工具（kbd:[S] 快捷键，或右边工具栏上的 image:images/icons/add_hierarchical_subsheet_24.png[添加层次原理图图标]按钮）在设计中添加一个子原理图。启动该工具，然后在画布上点击两次，绘制子原理图符号的左上角和右下角。使子原理图符号的轮廓足够大，以放下<<hierarchical-sheet-pins,后续添加的层次引脚>>。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Drawing a hierarchical sheet
zh: 绘制层次原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The Sheet Properties dialog will appear and prompt you for a sheet name and filename.
zh: 原理图属性对话框将出现，并提示输入原理图名称和文件名。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Hierarchical sheet properties
zh: 层次原理图属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The *sheet name* must be unique, as it is used in the full net name for any nets in the subsheet. For example, a net with the local label `net1` in the sheet `sheet1` would have a full net name of `/sheet1/net1`. The sheet name is also used to refer to the sheet in various places in the GUI, including the <<sheet-title-block,title block>> and the <<navigating-between-sheets,hierarchy navigator>>.
zh: *Sheetname* 原理图名称必须是唯一的，因为它被用于子原理图中任何网络的全局网络名称中。例如，在原理图 `sheet1` 中具有局部标签 `net1` 的网络将具有 `/sheet1/net1` 的全局网络名称。原理图名称也被用来在图形用户界面的不同地方指代原理图，包括<<sheet-title-block,原理图标题块>>和<<navigating-between-sheets,层次导航>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *sheet file* specifies the file that the new sheet will be saved to or loaded from. The path to the sheet file can be relative or absolute. It is usually preferable to save subsheet files in the project directory and use a relative path so that the project is portable.
zh: *Sheetfile* 原理图文件指定将被保存或加载的原理图文件。原理图文件的路径可以是相对的或绝对的。通常最好是将子原理图文件保存在工程目录中，并使用相对路径，这样便于工程的移植。

note: type: Plain text
en: A single sheet file can be used more than once in a project by specifying the same filename for each repeated sheet; the circuit drawn in the sheet will be instantiated once per usage, and any edits in once instance will be reflected in the other instances.
zh: 通过为每个重复的原理图指定相同的文件名，一个原理图文件可以在一个工程中使用多次；原理图中绘制的电路将在每次使用时被实例化一次，任意实例中的任何编辑都将反映在其他实例中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Sheet files can be shared between multiple projects to allow design reuse between projects. However, this is not recommended due to path portability concerns and the risk of unintentionally changing other projects while editing a shared sheet.
zh: 原理图文件可以在多个工程之间共享，以允许在工程之间的设计复用。然而，对路径可移植性的考量，以及在编辑共享图纸时无意中改变其他工程的风险，不建议这样做。

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet's *page number* is configurable here. The page number is displayed in the sheet <<sheet-title-block,title block>> and the <<navigating-between-sheets,hierarchy navigator>>, and sheets are sorted by page number in the hierarchy navigator and when <<generating-outputs,printing or plotting>>.
zh: 原理图的 *页码* 在这里是可以配置的。页码显示在原理图<<sheet-title-block,标题块>>和<<navigating-between-sheets,层次导航>>中，原理图在层次导航器及<<generating-outputs,打印或绘制>>中按页码排序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several graphical options are also available. *Border width* sets the width of the border around the sheet shape. *Border color* and *Background fill* set the color for the border and fill of the sheet shape, respectively. If no color is set, a checkerboard swatch is shown and the default values from the color theme are used.
zh: 还有几个图形选项可用。*边界宽度* 设置图纸形状周围的边界宽度。*边界颜色* 和 *背景填充* 分别设置图纸形状的边界和填充的颜色。如果没有设置颜色，就会显示一个棋盘式的色块，并使用颜色主题的默认值。

note: type: Plain text
en: Sheets support arbitrary custom fields, which can be added and removed with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[plus icon] and image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[trash icon] buttons, respectively. Sheet fields can be optionally displayed on the schematic by checking their **Show** box, and they can be accessed from inside the sheet or in other sheet fields using <<text-variables,text variables>>.
zh: 原理图页支持任意自定义字段，可以分别使用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 和 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 按钮添加和删除。 通过选中它们的 **显示** 框，可以选择在原理图上显示页面字段，并且可以使用 <<text-variables,文本变量>> 从图纸内部或其他图纸字段中访问它们。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Sheet Properties dialog can be accessed at any time by selecting a sheet symbol and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, or by right-clicking on a sheet symbol and selecting **Properties...**.
zh: 通过选择一个页面符并使用 kbd:[E] 快捷键，或者通过右键单击页面符并选择 **属性...**，可以随时访问页面符属性对话框。

note: type: Title ===
en: Navigating between sheets
zh: 原理图之间导航器

note: type: Plain text
en: You can enter a hierarchical sheet from the parent sheet by double-clicking the child sheet's shape, or right-clicking the child sheet and selecting **Enter Sheet**.
zh: 你可以通过双击父原理图的图框，或右击图框并选择 **进入原理图，从父原理图进入一个层次化的子原理图**。

note: type: Plain text
en: Return to the parent sheet by using the image:images/icons/up_24.png[up arrow icon] button in the top toolbar, or by right-clicking in an empty part of the schematic and clicking **Leave Sheet**.
zh: 通过使用顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/up_24.png[向上箭头图标] 按钮，或者在原理图的空白部分点击右键，然后点击 **离开原理图**，返回到父原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can jump to the next sheet with the image:images/icons/right_24.png[right arrow icon] button, or to the previous sheet with the image:images/icons/left_24.png[left arrow icon] button.
zh: 你可以用 image:images/icons/right_24.png[右箭头图标] 按钮跳到下一个原理图，或者用 image:images/icons/left_24.png[左箭头图标] 按钮跳到上一个原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: Alternatively, you can jump to any sheet with the hierarchy navigator. To open the hierarchy navigator, click the image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[Hierarchy navigator icon] button in the left toolbar. The hierarchy navigator docks at the left of the screen. Each sheet in the design is displayed as an item in the tree. Clicking a sheet name opens that sheet in the editing canvas.
zh: 另外，你也可以通过层次结构导航器跳转到任何原理图。要打开层次结构导航器，请点击左边工具栏上的 image:images/icons/hierarchy_nav_24.png[层次结构导航器图标] 按钮。层次结构导航器会停靠在屏幕的左边。设计中的每个原理图都显示为工作区中的一个项目。点击原理图的名字就可以在编辑画布上打开该原理图。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: hierarchy navigator
zh: 层次结构导航器

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical connections between sheets
zh: 原理图之间的电气连接

note: type: Title ====
en: Label overview
zh: 标签概述

note: type: Plain text
en: Electrical connections between sheets are made with <<labels,labels>>. There are several kinds of labels in KiCad, each with a different connection scope.
zh: 原理图之间的电气连接是通过 <<labels,标签>>进行的。在 KiCad 中，有几种标签，每种都有不同的连接范围。

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels that have the same name will connect, regardless of the label type,
          if they are in the same sheet.
zh: 如果在同一个原理图页面，无论标签类型如何，具有相同名称的标签将被连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<hidden-power-pins,Hidden power pins>> can also be considered global
          labels, because they connect anywhere in the schematic hierarchy.
zh: <<hidden-power-pins,隐藏电源引脚>>也可以被认为是全局标签，因为它们可以连接到原理图层次结构中的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical sheet pins
zh: 层次原理图引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: After placing hierarchical labels within the subsheet, matching *hierarchical pins* can be added to the subsheet symbol in the parent sheet. You can then make connections to the hierarchical pins with wires, labels, and buses. Hierarchical pins in a subsheet symbol are connected to the matching hierarchical labels in the subsheet itself.
zh: 在子原理图内放置层次标签后，可以在父原理图内的子原理图符号上添加匹配的 *层次原理图引脚*。然后，你可以用导线、标签及总线与层次原理图引脚进行连接。子原理图符号中的层次原理图引脚与子原理图中匹配的层次化标签相连。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical labels must be defined in the subsheet before the
          corresponding hierarchical sheet pin can be imported in the sheet symbol.
zh: 在原理图页面符中导入相应的层次原理图引脚之前，必须先在子原理图中定义层次化标签。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: hierarchical sheet symbol with pins
zh: 带层次原理图引脚的层次化原理图页面符

note: type: Plain text
en: For every hierarchical label in the subsheet, import the corresponding hierarchical pin into the sheet symbol by clicking the image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[Import Hierarchical Pin icon] button in the right toolbar, then clicking on the sheet symbol. A sheet pin for the first unmatched hierarchical label will be attached to the cursor, where it can be placed anywhere along the border of the sheet symbol. Clicking again with the tool will continue to import additional sheet pins until there are no more hierarchical pins to import from the subsheet. Sheet pins can also be imported by selecting **Import Sheet Pin** in a sheet symbol's right-click context menu.
zh: 对于子原理图中的每一个层次化标签，可以通过点击右侧工具栏中的 image:images/icons/import_hierarchical_label_24.png[导入分层标签图标] 按钮，然后点击原理图页面符，将相应的层次化标签导入原理图页面符中。第一个与层次化标签匹配的层次化引脚将附在光标上，可以将它放在原理图页面符边界的任何地方。再次点击该工具将继续导入更多的层次原理图引脚，直到没有更多的层次化标签需要从子原理图中导入。层次原理图引脚也可以通过在原理图页面符的右键菜单中选择 **导入层次原理图引脚** 来导入。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can edit the properties of a sheet pin in the Sheet Pin Properties dialog.  Open this dialog by double-clicking a sheet pin, selecting a sheet pin and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, or right-clicking a sheet pin and selecting **Properties...**.
zh: 你可以在原理图页面引脚属性对话框中编辑页面引脚的属性。 通过双击原理图页面引脚，或选择页面引脚并使用快捷键 kbd:[E] ，或者右击原理图页面引脚并选择 **属性...** 来打开这个对话框。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Sheet Pin Properties dialog
zh: 原理图页面引脚属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet pin's *name* can be edited in the textbox or by selecting from the dropdown list of hierarchical labels in the subsheet. A sheet pin's name has to match the corresponding hierarchical label in the subsheet, so if a pin name is changed the label must change as well.
zh: 原理图页面引脚的 *名称* 可以在文本框中编辑，也可以从子原理图的层次化标签的下拉列表中选择。原理图页面引脚的名称必须与子原理图中相应的层次化标签相匹配，所以如果页面引脚的名称被改变，标签也必须改变。

note: type: Title ===
en: Hierarchical design examples
zh: 层次化设计实例

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical designs can be put into one of several categories:
zh: 层次化设计可以被归入几个类别中的一个：

note: type: Plain text
en: Each hierarchy model can be useful; the most appropriate one depends on the design.
zh: 每种层次结构模型都可能是有用的；最合适的模型取决于设计需求。

note: type: Title ====
en: Simple hierarchy
zh: 简单的层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: An example of a simple hierarchy is the `video` demo project included with KiCad. The root sheet contains seven unique subsheets, each with hierarchical labels and sheet pins linking the sheets to each other in the root sheet. Two of the subsheet symbols are shown below.
zh: 一个简单的层次结构的例子是 KiCad 包含的 `video` 演示工程。根原理图包含七个独特的子原理图，每个子原理图都有层次化标签和原理图页面引脚，将子原理图与根原理图相互连接。下面是其中两个子原理图的页面符。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Simple hierarchy from video demo project
zh: 这个 video 演示工程的简单层次结构

note: type: Title ====
en: Complex Hierarchy
zh: 复杂的层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The `complex_hierarchy` demo project is an example of a complex hierarchy.  The root sheet contains two subsheet symbols, which both refer to the same sheet file (`ampli_ht.kicad_sch`). This allows the design to include two copies of the same amplifier circuit. Although the two sheet symbols refer to the same filename, the sheet names are unique (`ampli_ht_vertical` and `ampli_ht_horizontal`). Inside each subsheet the circuits are identical except for the reference designators, which as always are unique.
zh: `复杂的层次结构` 演示工程是一个复杂层次结构的例子。 根原理图包含两个子原理图页面符，它们都指向同一个原理图文件（`ampli_ht.kicad_sch`）。这使得设计中包含了同一个放大器电路的两个副本。尽管这两个原理图页面符指向同一个文件名，但原理图的名称是唯一的（`ampli_ht_vertical` 和 `ampli_ht_horizontal`）。在每个子原理图内，除了位号外，其他的电路都是相同的，而位号也是唯一的。

note: type: Plain text
en: This project contains no sheet pin connections. The only connections between the root sheet and the subsheets are global power connections made with <<power-symbols,power symbols>>. However, sheets in a complex hierarchy could include sheet pin connections if appropriate for the design.
zh: 这个工程不包含原理图层次引脚连接。根原理图和子原理图之间的唯一连接是用<<power-symbols,电源符号>>进行的全局连接。如果设计需要，复杂层次结构中的原理图可以包括原理图层次引脚的连接。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Complex hierarchy from complex_hierarchy demo project
zh: Complex_hierarchy 演示工程中的复杂层次结构

note: type: Title ====
en: Flat hierarchy
zh: 扁平化层次结构

note: type: Plain text
en: The `flat_hierarchy` demo project is an example of a flat hierarchy. The root sheet contains two unique subsheet symbols with no hierarchical sheet pins. The root sheet in this project does nothing except hold the subsheets, and the subsheets are used only as additional pages in the schematic.
zh: `flat_hierarchy` 演示工程是一个扁平化层次结构的例子。根原理图包含两个不同的子原理图页面符，没有层次化原理图引脚。在这个工程中，根原理图除了容纳子原理图外没有任何作用，子原理图只是作为原理图中的附加页使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: This is the simplest way to create multi-page schematics in KiCad.
zh: 这是在 KiCad 中创建多页原理图的最简单方法。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Flat hierarchy from flat_hierarchy demo project
zh: 这是 flat_hierarchy 演示工程的扁平化层次结构

note: type: Title ==
en: Inspecting a schematic
zh: 检查原理图

note: type: Title ===
en: Find tool
zh: 查找工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool searches for text in the schematic, including reference designators, pin names, symbol fields, and graphic text. When the tool finds a match, the canvas is zoomed and centered on the match and the text is highlighted. Launch the tool using the image:images/icons/find_24.png[Find icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 查找工具在原理图中搜索文本，包括位号、引脚名称、符号字段和图形文本。当该工具找到一个匹配的文本时，画布会被放大并居中显示该匹配的文本。使用顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/find_24.png[查找图标] 按钮启动该工具。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Find dialog
zh: 查找对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/find_dialog.png
zh: images/zh/find_dialog.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool has several options:
zh: 查找工具有几个选项：

note: type: Plain text
en: There is also a Find and Replace tool which is activated with the image:images/icons/find_replace_24.png[Find and Replace icon] button in the top toolbar. This tool behaves the same as the Find tool, but additionally can replace some or all matches with different text.
zh: 还有一个查找和替换工具，可以通过顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/find_replace_24.png[查找和替换图标] 按钮激活。这个工具的作用与查找工具相同，但还可以用不同的文本替换部分或全部匹配的文本。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Find and Replace dialog
zh: 查找和替换对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: If the *Replace matches in reference designators* option is checked, reference designators will be modified if they contain matching text. Otherwise reference designators will not be affected.
zh: 当选中 *替换位号中的匹配内容* 选项时，如果包含匹配的文本，位号将被修改。否则，位号将不会受到影响。

note: type: Plain text
en: The search panel is a docked panel that lists information about symbols, text, and labels from the schematic. You can optionally filter the list based on a search string. When no filter is used, all items in the design are listed in the corresponding tab. Items from the entire schematic are listed, not just items in the current sheet.
zh: 搜索面板是一个停靠式面板，用于列出原理图中的符号、文本和标签信息。您可以选择根据搜索字符串过滤列表。不使用筛选器时，设计中的所有项目都会列在相应的选项卡中。整个原理图中的项目都会列出，而不仅仅是当前工作表中的项目。

note: type: Plain text
en: Items are filtered based on their properties: symbols are filtered by all non-hidden fields, text (text and textboxes) by the text content, and labels by their netname. You can sort the filtered results in ascending or descending order of the value in a particular column by clicking on that column header.
zh: 项目根据其属性进行筛选：符号根据所有非隐藏字段筛选，文本（文本和文本框）根据文本内容筛选，标签根据其网名筛选。点击某一列的列头，可以按该列数值的升序或降序对筛选结果进行排序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Filters support wildcards: `*` matches any characters, and `?` matches any single character. You can also use http://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[regular expressions], such as `/symbol value/`.
zh: 过滤器支持通配符：`*` 匹配任何字符，`?` 匹配任何单个字符。您还可以使用 http://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[正则表达式]，如 `/符号值/`。

note: type: Plain text
en: The displayed information depends on the item type. Items list their name and/or value, page number, and X/Y location in the sheet. Symbols also list their footprint and attributes (Exclude from Simulation, Exclude from BOM, Exclude from Board, and Do Not Populate). Text and labels list their type, e.g. textbox or hierarchical.
zh: 显示的信息取决于项目类型。项目列出其名称和/或值、页码以及在工作表中的 X/Y 位置。符号还列出了它们的封装和属性（从模拟中排除、从 BOM 中排除、从电路板中排除和不填充）。文本和标签列出其类型，如文本框或分层。

note: type: Plain text
en: When you click an item in the search panel, the schematic editor switches to the item's schematic sheet, and the item is selected in the editing canvas.  Double-clicking an item in the search panel opens its properties dialog.
zh: 单击搜索面板中的项目时，原理图编辑器会切换到该项目的原理图工作表，并在编辑画布中选中该项目。 双击搜索面板中的项目可打开其属性对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: Show or hide the search panel with **View** -> **Show Search Panel** or use the kbd:[Ctrl+G] shortcut.
zh: 使用 **视图** -> **显示搜索面板** 或使用 kbd:[Ctrl+G] 快捷键显示或隐藏搜索面板。

note: type: Title ===
en: Net highlighting
zh: 网络高亮显示

note: type: Plain text
en: An electrical net can be highlighted in the schematic editor to visualize all of the places it appears in the schematic. Net highlighting can be activated in the Schematic Editor or by highlighting the corresponding net in the PCB editor when cross-probe highlighting is enabled (see below). When net highlighting is active, the highlighted net will be shown in a different color. By default this color is pink, but it is configurable in the Color section of the Preferences dialog.
zh: 在原理图编辑器中，电气网络可以在原理图中所有出现的位置高亮显示。网络高亮显示可以在原理图编辑器中激活，也可以在启用交叉探测高亮时在 PCB 编辑器中高亮相应的网络是激活（见下文）。当网络高亮显示激活时，高亮的网络将以不同的颜色显示。默认情况下，这种颜色是粉红色，但可以在 "偏好设置" 对话框的颜色部分进行配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Nets can be highlighted by clicking on a wire or pin using the Highlight Net tool in the right toolbar (image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[Net Highlight icon]). Alternatively, the Highlight Net hotkey (kbd:[`]) highlights the net under the cursor.
zh: 可以通过点击右边工具栏中的高亮显示网络工具（image:images/icons/net_highlight_schematic_24.png[Net Highlight图标]）高亮显示网络。另外，高亮网络的快捷键（kbd:[`]）也可以高亮显示光标下的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Net highlighting can be cleared by using the Clear Net Highlight action (hotkey kbd:[~]) or by using the Highlight net tool on an empty region in the schematic.  By default, kbd:[Esc] also clears net highlighting, but this can be disabled if desired in **Preferences** -> **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options**.
zh: 可以使用清除网络高亮操作（快捷键 kbd:[~]）或在原理图中的空白区域使用网络高亮显示工具来清除网络高亮网络。 默认情况下，kbd:[Esc] 也可以清除网络高亮显示，但如果需要，可以在 **首选项** -> **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 中将其禁用。

note: type: Plain text
en: The net navigator is a docked panel that shows the location of every occurrence of a highlighted net in a schematic.
zh: 网络导航器是一个停靠式面板，可显示原理图中高亮显示的每个网络的位置。

note: type: Plain text
en: When you highlight a net in the schematic, every place where that net is shown in the schematic is listed in the net navigator panel. All labels, symbol pins, and sheet pins connected to the net are listed. Each occurrence is sorted under its schematic sheet. Clicking on an occurrence displays that item in the editing canvas.
zh: 当您高亮显示原理图中的一个网络时，该网络在原理图中显示的每个位置都会在网络导航面板中列出。与该网络连接的所有标签、符号引脚和工作表引脚都会列出。每个出现点都在其原理图工作表下排序。单击一个出现点可在编辑画布中显示该项目。

note: type: Plain text
en: The net navigator displays _highlighted_ nets, not selected nets.
zh: 网络导航器显示的是 _高亮显示_ 的网络，而不是选定的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Show or hide the net navigator with **View** -> **Show Net Navigator**.
zh: 通过**视图** -> **显示网络导航器** 来显示或隐藏网络导航器。

note: type: Title ===
en: Cross-probing from the PCB
zh: 从 PCB 上交叉探测

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad allows bi-directional cross-probing between the schematic and the PCB.  There are several different types of cross-probing.
zh: KiCad 允许在原理图和 PCB 之间进行双向交叉探测。 有几种不同类型的交叉探测。

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical Rules Check
zh: 电气规则检查

note: type: Plain text
en: The Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool checks for certain errors in your schematic, such as unconnected pins, unconnected hierarchical symbols, shorted outputs or other illegal connections, etc. ERC violations are reported as errors or warnings depending on the severity of the issue detected.
zh: 电气规则检查（ERC）工具检查你的原理图中特定的错误，如未连接的引脚、未连接的层次符号、短路的输出或其他非法连接，等等。ERC 的违规会根据检测到的问题的严重程度，以错误或警告的形式报告。

note: type: Plain text
en: ERC is imperfect and cannot detect all errors, but it can detect many common issues and oversights. All detected issues should be checked and addressed before proceeding. The quality of the ERC is directly related to the care taken in declaring <<pin-electrical-types,electrical pin properties>> during symbol creation. If symbols are designed incorrectly, ERC will not report accurate information.
zh: ERC 不是完美的，无法检测所有的错误，但它可以检测到许多常见的问题和疏忽。在继续设计之前，所有检测到的问题都应该进行检查和处理。ERC 的质量与符号创建过程中声明<<pin-electrical-types,电气引脚属性>>的谨慎程度直接相关。如果符号设计不正确，ERC 将不会报告准确的信息。

note: type: Plain text
en: ERC can be started by clicking on the image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC icon] button in the top toolbar and clicking the **Run ERC** button.
zh: ERC 可以通过点击顶部工具栏的 image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC 图标] 按钮并点击 **运行 ERC** 按钮来启动。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC dialog
zh: ERC 对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/dialog_erc.png
zh: images/zh/dialog_erc.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Any warnings or errors are reported in the **Violations** tab, and markers for each violation are placed in the schematic so that they point to the relevant part of the schematic. Warnings are indicated by yellow arrows, and errors have red arrows. Excluded violations are shown as green arrows.
zh: 任何警告或错误都会在 **违规行为** 标签中报告，每个违规行为的标记都会放在原理图中，指向原理图的相关部分。警告用黄色箭头表示，错误用红色箭头表示。被排除的违规行为显示为绿色箭头。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting a violation in the ERC window jumps to the selected violation
          marker in the schematic.
zh: 在 ERC 窗口中选择一个违规，就会跳转到原理图中相应的违规行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: The numbers at the bottom of the window show the number of errors, warnings, and exclusions. Each type of violation can be filtered from the list using the respective checkboxes. Clicking **Delete Markers** will clear all violations until ERC is run again.
zh: 窗口底部的数字显示错误、警告和排除的违规数量。每种类型的违规行为都可以用各自的复选框从列表中过滤出来。点击 **删除标记** 将清除所有违规行为，直到 ERC 再次运行。

note: type: Plain text
en: Violations can be right-clicked in the dialog to ignore them or change their severity:
zh: 可以在对话框中右键点击违规行为，以忽略它们或改变其严重程度：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Ignore ERC warning
zh: 忽略 ERC 警告

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also exclude the selected marker with **Inspect** -> **Exclude Marker**, and show or hide each category of marker (errors, warnings, and exclusions) with the **View** menu.
zh: 你也可以用 **检查** -> **排除标记** 排除所选标记，用 **查看** 菜单显示或隐藏每一类标记（错误、警告和排除）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Excluded and ignored violations are remembered between runs of the design rule checker.
zh: 在设计规则检查器运行期间，排除的和忽略的违规行为会被记住。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC example
zh: ERC 例子

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC pointers
zh: ERC 的指向

note: type: Plain text
en: There are three errors in the screenshot above.
zh: 在上面的截图中，有三个错误。

note: type: Plain text
en: Two outputs have been connected together (red arrow at right).
zh: 两个输出被连接在一起（右边的红色箭头）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Two inputs have been left unconnected (red arrows at left). This is actually two errors per pin: each pin is unconnected, and each pin is an input pin that is not driven by an output pin.
zh: 有两个输入没有连接（左边的红色箭头）。实际上每个引脚都有两个错误：引脚未连接，而且每个引脚都是没有被输出引脚驱动的输入引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting an ERC marker displays a description of the violation in the message pane at the bottom of the window.
zh: 选择一个 ERC 标记会在窗口底部的信息窗格中显示违规描述。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: ERC violation description in message pane
zh: 信息窗格中的 ERC 违规描述

note: type: Title ====
en: Power pins and power flags
zh: 电源引脚和电源标志

note: type: Plain text
en: It is common to have an "Input Power pin not driven by any Output Power pins" error on power pins, as shown in the example below, even though the power pins seem to be properly connected to a power rail. This happens in designs where the power is provided through connectors or other components that are not marked as power outputs. In these cases ERC won't detect any Output Power pins connected to the net and will determine the Input Power pin is not driven by a power source.
zh: 如下面的例子所示，在电源引脚上出现 "输入电源引脚未被任何输出电源引脚驱动" 的错误是很常见的，即使电源引脚似乎正确地连接到电源导线。这种情况发生在通过连接器或其他没有被标记为电源输出的元件提供电源的设计中。在这些情况下，ERC 不会检测到任何连接到网络的输出电源引脚，而会判断输入电源引脚没有被电源驱动。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power pins and error flags
zh: 电源引脚和错误标志

note: type: Plain text
en: To avoid this warning, connect the net to `PWR_FLAG` symbol on such a power net as shown in the following example. The `PWR_FLAG` symbol is found in the `power` symbol library. Alternatively, connect any power output pin to the net; `PWR_FLAG` is simply a symbol with a single power output pin.
zh: 为了避免这个警告，可以将类似的电源网络连接到 `PWR_FLAG` 符号上，如下例所示。`PWR_FLAG` 符号可以在 `power` 符号库中找到。当然，也可以将任意电源输出引脚连接到该网络；`PWR_FLAG` 只是一个具有单一电源输出引脚的符号。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power pins with PWR_FLAGs
zh: 带有 PWR_FLAG 的电源引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Ground nets often need a `PWR_FLAG` as well, because voltage regulators have outputs declared as power outputs, but their ground pins are typically marked as power inputs. Therefore grounds can appear unconnected to a source unless a `PWR_FLAG` symbol is used.
zh: 接地网络通常也需要一个 `PWR_FLAG`，因为电压调节器的输出被声明为电源输出，但其接地引脚通常被标记为电源输入。因此，除非使用 `PWR_FLAG` 符号，否则地线可能看起来没有与电源相连。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information about power pins and power flags, see the <<pwr-flag,`PWR_FLAG` documentation>>.
zh: 关于电源引脚和电源标志的更多信息，请参见<<pwr-flag,`PWR_FLAG` 文档>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC Configuration
zh: ERC 配置

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Violation Severity** panel in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> lets you configure what types of ERC messages should be reported as Errors, Warnings, or ignored.
zh: <<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中的 **违规严重性** 面板让你配置哪些类型的 ERC 应被报告为错误、警告或忽略。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic ERC severity settings
zh: 原理图 ERC 严重程度设置

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Pin Conflicts Map** panel in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>> allows you to configure connectivity rules to define electrical conditions for errors and warnings based on what types of pins are connected to each other. For example, by default an error is produced when an output pin is connected to another output pin.
zh: <<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中的 **引脚冲突映射** 面板允许你配置连接规则，根据哪些类型的引脚相互连接来定义错误和警告的电气条件。例如，默认情况下，当一个输出引脚与另一个输出引脚连接时，会产生错误。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic ERC Pin Conflicts Map
zh: 原理图 ERC 引脚冲突图

note: type: Plain text
en: Rules can be changed by clicking on the desired square of the matrix, causing it to cycle through the choices: allowed, warning, error.
zh: 可以通过点击矩阵中的方块来改变规则，使其在各种选择中循环：允许、警告、错误。

note: type: Title ====
en: List of ERC checks
zh: ERC 检查清单

note: type: Plain text
en: The table below lists the electrical rules that KiCad checks and the default violation severity for each check. All severities are configurable.
zh: 下表列出了 KiCad 检查的电气规则和每个检查的默认违规严重程度。所有严重程度都是可配置的。

note: type: Table
en: The symbol library for each symbol is included and enabled in the 
    <<managing-symbol-libraries, library table>>
zh: 每个符号的符号库都被包含在
    <<managing-symbol-libraries, 库表>>中

note: type: Table
en: Each symbol in the schematic exists in its symbol library
zh: 原理图中的每个符号都存在于其符号库中

note: type: Table
en: Each symbol in the schematic matches the copy in its symbol library
zh: 原理图中的每个符号与它的符号库中的副本相匹配

note: type: Table
en: | Warning
    | Symbol has more units than are defined
      | Symbols cannot have more units placed in the schematic than are defined in
        the symbol. Units in the schematic must correspond exactly to the symbol
        definition.
      | Error
    | Symbol has units that are not placed
      | All of the units in a multi-unit symbol should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has input pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with input pins that are not placed, so those
        input pins will not be connected to anything. All units with input pins
        should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has bidirectional pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with bidirectional pins that are not placed,
        so those bidirectional pins will not be connected to anything. All units
        with bidirectional pins should be placed in the schematic.
      | Warning
    | Symbol has power input pins that are not placed
      | A multi-unit symbol has units with power input pins that are not placed,
        so those power input pins will not be connected to anything. All units with
        power input pins should be placed in the schematic.
      | Error
    | Conflict problem between pins
      | Connections between pins must match the allowed connections in the
        <<erc-configuration,Pin Conflicts Map>>.
      | From Pin Conflicts Map
zh: | 警告
    | 符号的单元多于定义的单元
      | 符号在原理图中放置的单元不能多于符号中的定义。原理图中的单元必须与符号定义完全对应。
      | 错误
    | 符号中有未被放置的单元
      | 多单元符号中的所有单元都应放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号有未放置的输入引脚
      | 多单元符号中有单元的输入引脚没有被放置，所以这些输入引脚不会被连接到任何东西。所有带有输入引脚的单元都应该被放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号中有未被放置的双向引脚
      | 多单元符号有未被放置的双向引脚的单元，因此这些双向引脚不会连接到任何东西。所有具有双向引脚的单元都应该被放置在原理图中。
      | 警告
    | 符号中有未被放置的电源输入引脚
      | 一个多单元符号有未被放置的电源输入引脚的单元，因此这些电源输入引脚将不会被连接到任何东西。所有带有电源输入引脚的单元都应放在原理图中。
      | 错误
    | 引脚之间的冲突问题
      | 引脚之间的连接必须符合<<erc-configuration,引脚冲突图映射表>>中的允许连接。
      |

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC report file
zh: ERC 报告文件

note: type: Plain text
en: An ERC report file can be generated and saved by clicking the **Save...** button in the ERC dialog. The file extension for ERC report files is `.rpt`. An example ERC report file is given below.
zh: 可以通过点击 ERC 对话框中的 **保存...** 按钮来生成和保存 ERC 报告文件。ERC 报告文件的扩展名为 `.rpt`。下面给出一个 ERC 报告文件的例子。

note: type: Title ==
en: Introduction to the KiCad Schematic Editor
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器简介

note: type: Title ===
en: Description
zh: 描述

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad Schematic Editor is a schematic capture software distributed as a part of KiCad and available under the following operating systems:
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器用于原理图设计，属于 KiCad 的发行的一部分，可在以下操作系统下使用：

note: type: Plain text
en: Apple macOS
zh: Apple OS X

note: type: Plain text
en: Regardless of the OS, all KiCad files are 100% compatible from one OS to another.
zh: 无论是什么操作系统，所有的 KiCad 文件都能 100% 兼容所有操作系统。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor is an integrated application where all functions of drawing, control, layout, library management and access to the PCB design software are carried out within the editor itself.
zh: 原理图编辑器是一个集成的应用程序，所有绘图、控制、布局、库管理和访问 PCB 编辑器功能都在原理图编辑器中进行。

note: type: Plain text
en: The KiCad Schematic Editor is intended to cooperate with the KiCad PCB Editor, which is KiCad's printed circuit design software. It can also export netlist files, which lists all the electrical connections, for other packages.
zh: KiCad 原理图编辑器旨在与 KiCad PCB 编辑器协同，后者是 KiCad 的印刷电路设计软件。它还可以为其他软件包输出网表文件，网表列出了所有的电气连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor includes a symbol library editor, which can create and edit symbols and manage libraries.  It also integrates the following additional but essential functions needed for modern schematic capture software:
zh: 原理图编辑器包括一个符号库编辑器，它可以创建和编辑符号并管理库。 它还集成了现代原理图设计软件所需的额外但基本的功能：

note: type: Plain text
en: Electrical rules check (ERC) for the automatic control of incorrect and missing connections
zh: 电气规则检查（ERC），用于自动查找错误和缺失的连接

note: type: Plain text
en: Export of plot files in many formats (Postscript, PDF, HPGL, and SVG)
zh: 以多种格式导出绘图文件（Postscript，PDF，HPGL 和 SVG）

note: type: Plain text
en: Bill of Materials generation (via Python or XSLT scripts, which allow many flexible formats).
zh: 物料清单生成（通过 Python 或 XSLT 脚本，允许许多灵活的格式）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Editor supports multi-sheet schematics in several ways:
zh: 原理图编辑器以几种方式支持多原理图设计：

note: type: Plain text
en: Flat hierarchies (schematic sheets are not explicitly connected in a master diagram).
zh: 扁平的层次结构（原理图页面在主图中没有明确的连接）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Simple hierarchies (each schematic sheet is used only once).
zh: 简单的层次结构（每张原理图只使用一次）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Complex hierarchies (some schematic sheets are used multiple times).
zh: 复杂的层次结构（有些原理图页面被多次使用）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical schematics are described in detail <<hierarchical-schematics,later in the manual>>.
zh: 层次结构原理图会<<hierarchical-schematics,在后续章节>>详细描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Initial Configuration
zh: 初始配置

note: type: Plain text
en: When the Schematic Editor is run for the first time, if the the global symbol library table file `sym-lib-table` is not found in the KiCad configuration folder then KiCad will ask how to create this file:
zh: 当原理图编辑器首次运行时，如果在 KiCad 配置文件夹中没有找到全局符号库表文件 `sym-lib-table`，那么 KiCad 将询问如何创建该文件：

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol library table initial configuration
zh: 符号库表的初始配置

note: type: Plain text
en: The first option is recommended (*Copy default global symbol library table (recommended)*). The default symbol library table includes all of the standard symbol libraries that are installed as part of KiCad.
zh: 推荐使用第一个选项（*复制默认全局符号库表（推荐）*）。默认的符号库表包括所有标准符号库，作为 KiCad 的一部分安装。

note: type: Plain text
en: If this option is disabled, KiCad was unable to find the default global symbol library table. This probably means you did not install the standard symbol libraries with KiCad, or they are not installed where KiCad expects to find them. On some systems the KiCad libraries are installed as a separate package.
zh: 如果该选项被禁用，则 KiCad 无法找到默认的全局符号库表。这可能意味着你没有和 KiCad 一起安装标准符号库，或者它们没有被安装在 KiCad 期望找到的地方。在某些系统中，KiCad 库是作为一个单独的软件包安装的）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you have installed the standard KiCad symbol libraries and want to use them, but the first option is disabled, select the second option and browse to the `sym-lib-table` file in the directory where the KiCad libraries were installed.
zh: 如果你已经安装了标准的 KiCad 符号库并想使用它们，但第一个选项被禁用，请选择第二个选项并浏览到安装 KiCad 库的目录中的 `sym-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you already have a custom symbol library table that you would like to use, select the second option and browse to your `sym-lib-table` file.
zh: 如果你已经有一个你想使用的自定义符号库表，选择第二个选项并浏览你的 `sym-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you want to construct a new symbol library table from scratch, select the third option.
zh: 如果你想从头开始构建一个新的符号库表，选择第三个选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol library management is described in more detail <<managing-symbol-libraries,later>>.
zh: 符号库管理将在<<managing-symbol-libraries,待续>>中详细描述。

note: type: Title ===
en: The Schematic Editor User Interface
zh: 原理图编辑器的用户界面

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic Editor overview
zh: 原理图编辑器概览

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/commands_overview.png
zh: images/zh/commands_overview.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The main Schematic Editor user interface is shown above. The center contains the main editing canvas, which is surrounded by:
zh: 原理图编辑器的主要用户界面如上图所示。中间包含主编辑画布，其周围有：

note: type: Plain text
en: Top toolbars (file management, zoom tools, editing tools)
zh: 顶部工具栏（文件管理、缩放工具、编辑工具）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Left toolbar (display options), <<navigating-between-sheets,Hierarchy Navigator>> and <<properties-manager,Properties Manager>> at left
zh: 左侧工具栏（显示选项）、《在表单之间导航，层次导航器》 和《属性管理器，属性管理器》位于左侧

note: type: Plain text
en: Message panel and status bar at bottom
zh: 信息面板和底部的状态栏

note: type: Title ===
en: Navigating the editing canvas
zh: 浏览编辑画布

note: type: Plain text
en: The editing canvas displays the schematic being designed. You can pan and zoom to different parts of the schematic and open any schematic sheet in the design.
zh: 编辑画布显示正在设计的原理图。你可以平移和缩放到原理图的不同部分，并打开设计中的任何原理图页。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, dragging with the middle or right mouse button will pan the canvas view and scrolling the mouse wheel will zoom the view in or out. You can change this behavior in the Mouse and Touchpad section of the preferences (see <<configuration-and-customization,Configuration and Customization>> for details).
zh: 默认情况下，用鼠标中键或右键拖动会平移画布视图，滚动鼠标滚轮会放大或缩小视图。你可以在偏好设置中的鼠标和触摸板部分改变这一行为（详见<<configuration-and-customization,配置和定制>> ）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several other zoom tools are available in the top toolbar:
zh: 在顶部的工具栏中还有其他几个缩放工具：

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[Zoom In icon] zooms in on the center of the viewport.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[放大图标] 放大视口中心。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[Zoom Out icon] zooms out from the center of the viewport.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[缩小图标] 缩小视口中心。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[Zoom to Page icon] zooms to fit the frame around the drawing sheet.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[放大到页面图标] 放大到适合原理图页大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[Zoom to Objects icon] zooms to fit every item in the schematic (not including the drawing sheet). For instance, if there are items placed outside of the drawing sheet, they will be visible after zooming to objects.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[缩放到对象图标] 缩放到适合原理图中的每个对象（不包括图框）。例如，如果有对象放置在图框之外，在放大到对象之后，它们就会显现出来。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[Zoom to Selection icon] allows you to draw a box to determine the zoomed area.
zh: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[缩放到选择图标] 允许你画一个方框来确定缩放的区域。

note: type: Plain text
en: The cursor's current position is displayed at the bottom of the window (X and Y), along with the current zoom factor (Z), the cursor's relative position (dx, dy, and dist), the grid setting, and the display units.
zh: 光标的当前位置显示在窗口的底部（X 和 Y），还有当前的缩放系数（Z）、光标的相对位置（dx、dy 和 dist）、网格设置和显示单位。

note: type: Plain text
en: The relative coordinates can be reset to zero by pressing kbd:[Space]. This is useful for measuring distance between two points or aligning objects.
zh: 按 kbd:[Space] 可以将相对坐标重置为零(dx, dy, and dist)。这对于测量两点之间的距离或对齐物体很有用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Hotkeys
zh: 快捷键

note: type: Plain text
en: The kbd:[Ctrl+F1] shortcut displays the current hotkey list. The default hotkey list is included in the <<eeschema-actions-reference,Actions Reference>> section of the manual.
zh: 按 kbd:[Ctrl+F1] 快捷键显示当前快捷键列表。默认的快捷键列表包括在本手册的 <<eeschema-actions-reference,操作参考>> 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The hotkeys described in this manual use the key labels that appear on a standard PC keyboard. On an Apple keyboard layout, use the kbd:[Cmd] key in place of kbd:[Ctrl], and the kbd:[Option] key in place of kbd:[Alt].
zh: 本手册中描述的快捷键使用了标准 PC 键盘上的按键布局。在苹果键盘布局中，使用 kbd:[Cmd] 键来代替 kbd:[Ctrl]，使用 kbd:[Option] 键来代替 kbd:[Alt]。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many actions do not have hotkeys assigned by default, but hotkeys can be assigned or redefined using the hotkey editor (**Preferences** -> **Preferences...** -> **<<preferences-controls,Hotkeys>>**).
zh: 许多操作默认没有分配快捷键，但可以使用快捷键编辑器（**偏好设置** -> **偏好设置...** -> **<<preferences-controls,快捷键>>**）分配或重新定义快捷键。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many of the actions available through hotkeys are also available in context menus. To access the context menu, right-click in the editing canvas.  Different actions will be available depending on what is selected or what tool is active.
zh: 许多通过快捷键进行的操作也可以在上下文菜单中使用。要访问上下文菜单，在编辑画布上点击右键。 根据所选择的内容或所使用的工具，将有不同的操作。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hotkeys are stored in the file `user.hotkeys` in KiCad's configuration directory. The location is platform-specific:
zh: 快捷键存储在 KiCad 的配置目录下的 `user.hotkeys` 文件中。这个位置是平台相关的：

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can import hotkey settings from a `user.hotkeys` file using the **Import Hotkeys** button in the hotkey editor.
zh: KiCad 可以使用快捷键编辑器中的 **导入快捷键** 按钮从 `user.hotkeys` 文件中导入快捷键设置。

note: type: Title ===
en: Mouse operations and selection
zh: 鼠标操作和选择

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting items in the editing canvas is done with the left mouse button.  Single-clicking on an object will select it. Clicking and dragging will perform a box selection. A box selection from left to right will only select items that are fully inside the box. A box selection from right to left will select any items that touch the box. A left-to-right selection box is drawn in yellow, with a cursor that indicates exclusive selection, and a right-to-left selection box is drawn in blue with a cursor that indicates inclusive selection.
zh: 使用鼠标左键选择编辑画布中的对象。 单击一个对象将选择它。点击并拖动将执行一个框选。从左到右的框选将只选择完全在框内的对象。从右到左的方框选择将选择任何接触到方框的对象。从左到右的选择框是用黄色画的，光标表示排他性选择，从右到左的选择框是用蓝色画的，光标表示包容性选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: The selection action can be modified by holding modifier keys while clicking or dragging. The following modifier keys apply when clicking to select single items:
zh: 在点击或拖动时按住辅助按键，可以修改选择动作。在点击选择单个对象时，以下辅助键适用：

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Keys (Windows) | Modifier Keys (Linux)   | Modifier Keys (macOS)
      | Selection Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Cmd]
      | Toggle selection.
    | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]
      | Add the item to the existing selection.
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | Remove the item from the existing selection.
    | long click              | long click or kbd:[Alt] | long click or kbd:[Option]
      | Clarify selection from a pop-up menu.
zh: | 辅助键 (Windows) | 辅助键 (Linux) | 辅助键 (macOS)
      | 选择效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Ctrl]              | kbd:[Cmd]
      | 切换选择。
    | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]             | kbd:[Shift]
      | 将对象添加到现有的选择中。
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]      | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | 从现有的选择中删除对象。
    | 长按              | 长按或 kbd:[Alt] | 长按或 kbd:[Option]
      | 从弹出菜单中澄清选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following modifier keys apply when dragging to perform a box selection:
zh: 以下辅助键适用于使用拖拽执行框选操作时：

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Keys (Windows)   | Modifier Keys (Linux)     | Modifier Keys (macOS)
      | Selection Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Cmd]
      | Toggle selection.
    | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift]
      | Add item(s) to the existing selection.
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | Remove item(s) from the existing selection.
zh: | 辅助键 (Windows) | 辅助键 (Linux) | 辅助键 (macOS)
      | 选择效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Ctrl] | kbd:[Cmd]
      | 切换选择。
    | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift] | kbd:[Shift]
      | 在现有的选择中添加对象。
    | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Ctrl + Shift]        | kbd:[Cmd + Shift]
      | 从现有的选择中删除对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting an object displays information about the object in the message panel at the bottom of the window. Double-clicking an object opens a window to edit the object's properties.
zh: 选择一个对象会在窗口底部的信息面板上显示该对象的信息。双击一个对象可以打开一个窗口来编辑该对象的属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pressing kbd:[Esc] will always cancel the current tool or operation and return to the selection tool. Pressing kbd:[Esc] while the selection tool is active will clear the current selection.
zh: 按 kbd:[Esc] 将取消当前的工具或操作并返回到选择工具。在选择工具处于活动状态时按下 kbd:[Esc] 将清除当前的选择。

note: type: Title =====
en: Left toolbar display controls
zh: 左侧工具栏显示控制

note: type: Plain text
en: The left toolbar provides options to change the display of items in the Schematic Editor.
zh: 左侧工具栏提供了改变原理图编辑器中对象显示的选项。

note: type: Title ==
en: Schematic Creation and Editing
zh: 原理图创建和编辑

note: type: Plain text
en: A schematic designed with KiCad is more than a simple graphic representation of an electronic device. It is normally the entry point of a development chain that allows for:
zh: 用 KiCad 设计的原理图不仅仅是一个电子设计的简单图形表示。它通常是开发链的切入点，可用于：

note: type: Plain text
en: Validating against a set of rules (<<erc,Electrical Rules Check>>) to detect errors and omissions.
zh: 根据一套规则（<<erc,电气规则检查>>）进行验证，以发现错误和遗漏。

note: type: Plain text
en: Automatically generating a <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,bill of materials>>.
zh: 自动生成<<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,物料清单>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,Generating a netlist>> for simulation software such as SPICE.
zh: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,生成网表>>用于仿真软件，如 SPICE。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,Defining a circuit>> for transferring to PCB layout.
zh: <<creating-customized-netlists-and-bom-files,定义电路>>，同步到 PCB 布局布线。

note: type: Plain text
en: A schematic mainly consists of symbols, wires, labels, junctions, buses and power symbols. For clarity in the schematic, you can place purely graphical elements like bus entries, comments, and polylines.
zh: 原理图主要由符号、导线、标签、结点、总线和电源符号组成。为了使原理图更清晰，你可以放置纯图形元素，如总线入口、注释和折线。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols are added to the schematic from symbol libraries. After the schematic is made, the set of connections and footprints is imported into the PCB editor for designing a board.
zh: 符号是从符号库中添加到原理图中的。原理图制作完成后，网络连接和封装的集合被导入 PCB 编辑器，用于设计电路板。

note: type: Plain text
en: Schematics can be contained in a single sheet or split among multiple sheets. In KiCad, multi-sheet schematics are organized hierarchically, with a root sheet and sub-sheet(s). Each sheet is its own `.kicad_sch` file and is itself a complete KiCad schematic. Working with hierarchical schematics is described in the <<hierarchical-schematics,Hierarchical Schematics>> chapter.
zh: 原理图可以使用单一的原理图页面，也可以分割成多个原理图页面。在 KiCad 中，多张原理图是按层次组织的，有一个根原理图和子原理图。每个原理图都是它自己的 `.kicad_sch` 文件，它本身就是一个完整的 KiCad 原理图。层次原理图的工作在<<hierarchical-schematics,层次原理图>>章节中描述。

note: type: Title ===
en: Schematic editing operations
zh: 原理图编辑操作

note: type: Plain text
en: Schematic editing tools are located in the right toolbar.  When a tool is activated, it stays active until a different tool is selected or the tool is canceled with the kbd:[Esc] key. The selection tool is always activated when any other tool is canceled.
zh: 原理图编辑工具位于右侧工具栏中。 当一个工具被激活时，它将一直处于活动状态，直到选择了另一个工具或用 kbd:[Esc] 键取消该工具。当其他工具被取消时，选择工具总是被激活。

note: type: Title ===
en: Grids and snapping
zh: 网格和捕获

note: type: Plain text
en: On Apple keyboards, use the kbd:[Cmd] key instead of kbd:[Ctrl].
zh: 在苹果键盘上，使用 kbd:[Cmd] 键而不是 kbd:[Ctrl]。

note: type: Table
en: | Modifier Key | Effect
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | Disable grid snapping.
    | kbd:[Shift] | Disable snapping wires to pins.
zh: | 辅助键 | 效果
    | kbd:[Ctrl] | 禁用网格捕捉。
    | kbd:[Shift] | 禁用将导线捕捉在引脚上。

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires connect with other wires or pins only if their ends coincide
          *exactly*. Therefore it is very important to keep symbol pins and wires
          aligned to the grid. It is recommended to always use a 50 mil grid when
          placing symbols and drawing wires because the KiCad standard symbol
          library and all libraries that follow its style also use a 50 mil grid.
          *Using a grid size other than 50 mil will result in schematics without
          proper connectivity!*
zh: 导线只有在两端完全重合的情况下才能与其他导线或引脚连接。因此，保持符号引脚和导线与网格对齐是非常重要的。建议在放置符号和绘制导线时始终使用 50 mil 的网格，因为 KiCad 标准符号库和所有遵循其风格的库也使用 50 mil 的网格。*使用 50 mil 以外的网格尺寸将导致原理图没有正确的连接！*。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols, wires, and other elements that are not aligned to the grid can be
          snapped back to the grid by selecting them, right clicking, and clicking
          **Align Elements to Grid**.
zh: 符号、导线和其他没有对准网格的元素，可以通过选择它们，点击右键，并点击 **将元素对准网格**，将它们重新对准网格。

note: type: Title ===
en: Editing object properties
zh: 编辑对象属性

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Properties dialog
zh: 符号属性对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/dialog_component_properties.png
zh: images/zh/dialog_component_properties.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Working with symbols
zh: 使用符号

note: type: Title ====
en: Placing symbols
zh: 放置符号

note: type: Plain text
en: To place a symbol in your schematic, use the image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[New Symbol icon] button or the kbd:[A] hotkey. The Choose Symbols dialog appears and lets you select a symbol to add.  Symbols are grouped by symbol library.
zh: 要将符号摆放到原理图中，可以使用图标 image:images/icons/add_component_24.png[新建符号图标] 或者快捷键 kbd:[A] 。 出现选择符号对话框，让您选择要添加的符号。 符号按符号库分组。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Choose Component dialog
zh: 选择元件对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/dialog_choose_component.png
zh: images/zh/dialog_choose_component.png

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, only the symbol/library name and description columns are shown.  Additional columns can be added by right-clicking the column header and selecting **Select Columns**.
zh: 默认情况下，仅显示符号/库名称和描述列。 可以通过右键单击列标题并选择“**选择列**”来添加其他列。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some advanced filters are available:
zh: 有一些高级筛选器可用：

note: type: Plain text
en: If the symbol specifies a default footprint, this footprint will be previewed in the lower right. If the symbol includes footprint filters, alternate footprints that satisfy the footprint filters can be selected in the footprint dropdown menu at right.
zh: 如果符号指定了一个默认的封装，这个封装将在右下方预览。如果符号包括封装过滤器，可以在右边的封装下拉菜单中选择满足封装过滤器的备用封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: After selecting a symbol to place, the symbol will be attached to the cursor.  Left clicking the desired location in the schematic places the symbol into the schematic. Before placing the symbol in the schematic, you can rotate it, mirror it, and edit its fields, by either using the hotkeys or the right-click context menu. These actions can also be performed after placement.
zh: 选择一个要放置的符号后，该符号将被吸附在光标上。 左键点击原理图中所需要摆放的位置，将符号放入原理图中。在将符号放入原理图之前，可以通过快捷键或右键菜单来旋转、镜像或编辑它的字段。这些操作也可以在放置后进行。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the *Place repeated copies* option is checked, after placing a symbol KiCad will start placing another copy of the symbol. This process continues until the user presses kbd:[Esc].
zh: 如果 *放置重复副本* 选项被选中，在放置一个符号后 KiCad 将开始放置该符号的另一个副本。这个过程一直持续到用户按下 kbd:[Esc]。

note: type: Plain text
en: For symbols with multiple units, if the *Place all units* option is checked, after placing the symbol KiCad will start placing the next unit in the symbol.  This continues until the last unit has been placed or the user presses kbd:[Esc].
zh: 对于有多个单元的符号，如果 *放置所有单元* 选项被选中，在放置符号后 KiCad 将开始放置该符号中的下一个单元。 这将持续到最后一个单元被放置或用户按下 kbd:[Esc]。

note: type: Title ====
en: Placing power symbols
zh: 放置电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A <<power-symbols,power symbol>> is a symbol representing a connection to a power net.  The symbols are grouped in the `power` library, so they can be placed using the symbol chooser.  However, as power placements are frequent, the image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[Add Power icon] tool is available. This tool is similar, except that the search is done directly in the `power` library and any other library that contains power symbols.
zh: <<power-symbols,电源符号>>是代表与电源网络连接的符号。 这些符号被分组在 `power` 库中，所以可以使用符号选择器来放置。 然而，由于电源的放置很频繁，image:images/icons/add_power_24.png[添加电源图标] 工具是可用的。这个工具使用方法类似，只是搜索是直接在 `power` 库和其他包含电源符号的库中进行。

note: type: Title ====
en: Moving symbols
zh: 移动符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can be moved using the Move (kbd:[M]) or Drag (kbd:[G]) tools. These tools act on the selected symbol, or if no symbol is selected they act on the symbol under the cursor.
zh: 符号可以用移动（kbd:[M]）或拖动（kbd:[G]）工具移动。这些工具将作用于选定的符号，如果没有选定符号，则作用于光标下的符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *Move* tool moves the symbol itself without maintaining wired connections to the symbol pins.
zh: *移动* 工具移动符号本身，而不保持与符号引脚的导线连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: The *Drag* tool moves the symbol without breaking wired connections to its pins, and therefore moves the connected wires as well.
zh: *拖动* 工具在移动符号时不会破坏其引脚的导线连接，因此也会移动连接的导线。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also Drag symbols by clicking and dragging them with the mouse, depending on the *Left button drag gesture* setting in the *Mouse and Touchpad* section of Preferences.
zh: 你也可以用鼠标点击并拖动符号，这取决于偏好设置中 *鼠标和触摸板* 部分的 *左键拖动手势* 设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can also be rotated (kbd:[R]) or mirrored in the X (kbd:[X]) or Y (kbd:[Y]) directions.
zh: 符号也可以旋转（kbd:[R]）或在X（kbd:[X]）或Y（kbd:[Y]）方向上进行镜像。

note: type: Title ====
en: Editing symbol properties
zh: 编辑符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol's fields can be edited in the symbol's Properties window. Open the Symbol Properties window for a symbol with the kbd:[E] hotkey or by double-clicking on the symbol.
zh: 符号的字段可以在符号的属性窗口中进行编辑。用快捷键 kbd:[E] 或通过双击符号来打开符号属性窗口。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each field's name and value can be visible or hidden, and there are several formatting options: horizontal and vertical alignment, orientation, position, font, text color, text size, and bold/italic emphasis. Field autoplacement can also be enabled on a per-field basis. The displayed position is always indicated for a normally displayed symbol (no rotation or mirroring) and is relative to the anchor point of the symbol.
zh: 每个字段的名称和值可以是可见的或隐藏的，并且有几个格式化选项：水平和垂直对齐、方向、位置、字体、文本颜色、文本大小和黑体/斜体。字段的自动放置也可以在每个字段的基础上启用。显示位置始终针对正常显示的符号（无旋转或镜像）指示，并且与符号的锚点相关。

note: type: Plain text
en: Formatting options for symbol fields can be shown or hidden by
          right-clicking on the header row of the symbol field table and enabling or
          disabling the desired columns. Not all columns are shown by default.
zh: 符号字段的格式化选项可以通过右击符号字段表的标题行来显示或隐藏，并启用或禁用所需的列。默认情况下，不是所有的列都显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols have several attributes that affect how the symbols are treated by other parts of KiCad.
zh: 符号有几个属性，它们会影响 KiCad 其他部分对符号的处理方式。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol with DNP property set
zh: 设置有 DNP 属性的符号

note: type: Title =====
en: Editing symbol fields individually
zh: 单独编辑符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: An individual symbol text field can be edited directly with the kbd:[E] hotkey (with a field selected instead of a symbol) or by double-clicking on the field.
zh: 可以用 kbd:[E] 快捷键直接编辑单个符号文本字段（选择字段而不是符号），或者双击字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbol fields have their own hotkey to edit them directly. With the symbol selected, the Reference, Value, and Footprint fields can be edited with the kbd:[U], kbd:[V], or kbd:[F] hotkeys, respectively.
zh: 一些符号字段有自己的快捷键，可以直接编辑它们。选定符号后，可分别用 kbd:[U]、kbd:[V] 或 kbd:[F] 快捷键编辑位号、值和封装字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: The options in this dialog are the same as those in the full Symbol Properties dialog, but are specific to a single field.
zh: 该对话框中的选项与完整的 "符号属性" 对话框中的选项相同，但都是针对单个字段的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Fields Table allows you to view and modify field values for all symbols in a spreadsheet interface. You can open the Symbol Fields Table with the image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[Symbol Fields Table icon] button.
zh: 符号字段表允许你在电子表格界面中查看和修改所有符号的字段值。你可以用 image:images/icons/spreadsheet_24.png[符号字段表图标] 按钮打开符号字段表。

note: type: Plain text
en: A range of cells can be selected by clicking and dragging. The whole range of selected cells will be copied (kbd:[Ctrl+C]) or pasted into (kbd:[Ctrl+V]) on a copy or paste action. Copying a range of cells from the table can be useful for creating a BOM. More details of copying and pasting cells are described below.
zh: 通过点击和拖动可以选择一个单元格范围。选定的整个单元格范围可以通过（kbd:[Ctrl+C]）或（kbd:[Ctrl+V]）进行复制或粘贴。从表中复制单元格的对于创建 BOM 非常有用。下面将介绍复制和粘贴单元格的更多细节。

note: type: Title =====
en: Tricks to simplify filling fields
zh: 简化填写字段的技巧

note: type: Plain text
en: There are several special copy/paste methods in the spreadsheet for pasting values into larger regions, including auto-incrementing pasted cells. These features may be useful when pasting values that are shared in several symbols.
zh: 电子表格中有几种特殊的复制/粘贴方法，用于将数值粘贴到更大的区域，包括自动增加粘贴的单元格。这些功能在粘贴几个符号中共享的数值时可能很有用。

note: type: Plain text
en: These methods are illustrated below.
zh: 这些方法如下所示。

note: type: Table
en: |1. Copy (kbd:[Ctrl+C]) |2. Select target cells |3. Paste (kbd:[Ctrl+V])
    
    |image:images/copypaste11.png["1copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste12.png["1selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste13.png["1paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste21.png["2copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste22.png["2selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste23.png["2paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste31.png["3copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste32.png["3selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste33.png["3paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste41.png["4copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste42.png["4selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste43.png["4paste"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste51.png["5copy"]
    |image:images/copypaste52.png["5selection"]
    |image:images/copypaste53.png["5paste"]
zh: |1. 复制（kbd:[Ctrl+C]） |2. 选择目标单元格 |3. 粘贴 (kbd:[Ctrl+V])
    
    |image:images/copypaste11.png["1复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste12.png["1选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste13.png["1粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste21.png["2复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste22.png["2选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste23.png["2粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste31.png["3复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste32.png["3选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste33.png["3粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste41.png["4复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste42.png["4选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste43.png["4粘贴"]
    
    |image:images/copypaste51.png["5复制"]
    |image:images/copypaste52.png["5选择"]
    |image:images/copypaste53.png["5粘贴"]

note: type: Plain text
en: These techniques are also available in other dialogs with a grid control element.
zh: 这些技巧在其他带有网格控制元素的对话框中也可以使用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Reference Designators and Symbol Annotation
zh: 位号和符号批注

note: type: Plain text
en: Reference designators are unique identifiers for components in a design. They are often printed on a PCB and in assembly diagrams, and allow you to match symbols in a schematic to the corresponding components on a board.
zh: 位号是设计中元件的唯一标识符。它们通常被印在 PCB 和装配图上，使你能够将原理图中的符号与电路板上的相应元件相匹配。

note: type: Plain text
en: In KiCad, reference designators consist of a letter indicating the type of component (`R` for resistor, `C` for capacitor, `U` for IC, etc.) followed by a number. If the symbol has multiple units then the reference designator will also have a trailing letter indicating the unit. Symbols that don't have a reference designator set have a `?` character instead of the number. Reference designators must be unique.
zh: 在 KiCad 中，位号由一个表示元件类型的字母（`R` 表示电阻，`C` 表示电容，`U` 表示集成电路，等等）及后面的数字组成。如果符号有多个单元，那么位号也会有一个表示单位的尾部字母。没有设置位号的符号有一个 `?` 字符，而不是数字。位号必须是唯一的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Reference designators can be automatically set when symbols are added to the schematic, and you can set or reset reference designators yourself by manually editing an individual symbol's reference designator field or in bulk using the Annotation tool.
zh: 位号可以在符号添加到原理图时自动设置，也可以通过手动编辑单个符号的位号字段或使用批注工具批量设置或重置位号。

note: type: Plain text
en: The process of setting a symbol's reference designator is called *annotation*.
zh: 设置一个符号的位号的过程被称为 *批注*。

note: type: Title ====
en: Auto-annotation
zh: 自动批注

note: type: Plain text
en: When auto-annotation is enabled, symbols will be automatically annotated when they are added to the schematic. You can enable auto-annotation by checking the **Automatically annotate symbols** checkbox in the **Schematic Editor** -> **Annotation Options** pane in **Preferences**. Auto-annotation can also be toggled using the image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[auto-annotate icon] button in the left toolbar.
zh: 启用自动批注后，符号被添加到原理图中时将被自动批注。你可以在 **偏好设置** 中 **原理图编辑器** -> **批注选项** 窗格中选中 **自动批注符号** 复选框来启用自动批注。自动批注也可以通过左侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[自动批注图标] 按钮进行切换。

note: type: Plain text
en: When multiple symbols are added simultaneously, they are annotated according to the **Order** setting, sorted by either X or Y position.
zh: 当同时添加多个符号时，它们会根据 **顺序** 设置进行批注，按 X 或 Y 位置排序。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Numbering** option sets the starting number for new reference designators.  This can be the lowest available number, or a number based on the sheet number.
zh: **编号** 选项为新的位号设置起始编号。 可以是最小的可用数字，也可以是基于原理图页码的数字。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information about annotation options, see the documentation for the <<annotation-tool, Annotation tool>>.
zh: 关于批注选项的更多信息，请参见<<annotation-tool,批注工具>>的文档。

note: type: Title ====
en: Annotation tool
zh: 批注工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The Annotation tool automatically assigns reference designators to symbols in the schematic. To launch the Annotation tool, click the image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[Annotate icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 批注工具会自动为原理图中的符号指定位号。要启动批注工具，请点击顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/annotate_24.png[批注图标] 按钮。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: annotate dialog
zh: 批注对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/annotate-dialog.png
zh: images/zh/annotate-dialog.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool provides several options to control how symbols are annotated.
zh: 该工具提供了几个选项来控制符号的批注方式。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Clear Annotation** button clears all reference designators in the selected scope.
zh: **清除批注** 按钮可以清除所选范围内的所有位号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Annotation messages can be filtered with the checkboxes at the bottom or saved to a report using the **Save...** button.
zh: 批注信息可以用底部的复选框进行过滤，或用 **保存...** 按钮保存到报告中。

note: type: Title ===
en: Electrical Connections
zh: 电气连接

note: type: Plain text
en: There are two primary ways to establish connections: wires and labels. Wires make direct connections, while labels connect to other labels with the same name. Both wires and labels are shown in the schematic below.
zh: 有两种主要的方式来建立连接：导线和标签。导线进行直接连接，而标签则与具有相同名称的其他标签连接。下面的原理图中显示了导线和标签的情况。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Wires labels
zh: 导线标签

note: type: Plain text
en: Connections can also be made with buses and with implicit connections via hidden power pins.
zh: 可以用总线进行连接，也可以通过隐藏的电源引脚进行隐性连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: This section will also discuss two special types of symbols that can be added with the "Power symbol" button on the right toolbar:
zh: 本节还将讨论两种特殊类型的符号，可以用右侧工具栏上的 "电源符号" 按钮添加：

note: type: Title ====
en: Wires
zh: 导线

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires are used to directly establish electrical connections between two points.  To establish a connection, a segment of wire must be connected by its end to another segment or to a pin. Only wire ends create connections; if a wire crosses the middle of another wire, a connection will not be made.
zh: 导线用于在两点之间直接建立电气连接。 要建立连接，必须将一段导线的末端与另一段导线或一个引脚相连。只有导线的末端才能建立连接；如果一根导线穿过另一根导线的中间，不会建立连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: Unconnected wire ends have a small square that indicates the connection point.  The square disappears when a connection is made to the wire end. Unconnected pins have a circle, which also disappears when a connection is made.
zh: 未连接的导线端有一个小方块，表示连接点。 当连接到导线端时，这个方块就会消失。未连接的引脚有一个圆圈，连接完成时时也会消失。

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires connect with other wires or pins only if their ends coincide
          exactly. Therefore it is important to keep symbol pins and wires aligned
          to the grid. It is recommended to always use a 50 mil grid when placing
          symbols and drawing wires because the KiCad standard symbol library and
          all libraries that follow its style also use a 50 mil grid.
zh: 导线只有在两端完全重合的情况下才能与其他导线或引脚连接。因此，保持符号引脚和导线与网格对齐很重要。建议在放置符号和绘制导线时始终使用 50 mil 的网格，因为 KiCad 标准符号库和所有遵循其风格的库也使用 50 mil 的网格。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols, wires, and other elements that are not aligned to the grid can be
          snapped back to the grid by selecting them, right clicking, and selecting
          **Align Elements to Grid**.
zh: 符号、导线和其他没有对准网格的元素，可以通过选择它们，右键点击，并选择 **将元素对准网格**，来将它们重新对准网格。

note: type: Title =====
en: Drawing and editing wires
zh: 绘制和编辑导线

note: type: Plain text
en: To begin connecting elements with wire, use the Wire tool image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[line tool icon] in the right toolbar (kbd:[w]). Wires can also be automatically started by clicking on an unconnected symbol pin or wire end.
zh: 用导线连接对象，请使用右侧工具栏中的导线工具 image:images/icons/add_line_24.png[导线工具图标]（kbd:[w]）。也可以通过点击未连接的符号引脚或导线末端进行导线连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can restrict wires to 90 degree angles using the image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon] button in the left toolbar, or to 45 degree angles with the image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon] button. The image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon] button allows you to place wires at any angle. You can cycle through these modes using kbd:[Shift+Space], or select the desired mode in **Preferences** -> **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options**. These modes affect <<graphic-lines,graphic lines>> in addition to wires.
zh: 可以用左侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 度导线图标] 按钮将导线限制在 90 度角，或者用 image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 度导线图标] 按钮将导线限制在 45 度角。image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[自由角度导线图标] 按钮允许你以任何角度放置导线。可以使用 kbd:[Shift+Space] 在这些模式中循环，或者在 **偏好设置** -> **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 中选择所需的模式。这些模式除了影响导线外，还影响 <<graphic-lines,图形线>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[As in the PCB editor], the kbd:[/] hotkey switches wire posture.
zh: 与 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[PCB编辑器中一样], 快捷键 kbd:[/] 切换导线的模式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires can be moved and edited using the Move (kbd:[M]) or Drag (kbd:[G]) tools.  As with symbols, the *Move* tool moves only the selected segment, without maintaining existing connections to other segments. The *Drag* tool maintains existing connections.
zh: 可以使用移动（kbd:[M]）或拖动（kbd:[G]）工具来移动和编辑导线。 与符号一样，*移动* 工具只移动选定的线段，而不保持与其他导线的现有连接。而 *拖动* 工具则保持现有的连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can select connected wires using the **Select Connection** tool (kbd:[Alt+4]). This tool selects all connected wire segments until it reaches a junction, starting with the selected segment or the segment under the cursor.  Using the tool again expands the existing selection to the next junction.
zh: 可以使用 **选择连接** 工具（kbd:[Alt+4]）选择连接的导线。这个工具可以从所选导线或光标下的导线开始，选择所有与之相连的导线，直到到达一个结点。 再次使用该工具可以将现有的选择范围扩大到下一个结点。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can break a wire segment into two pieces by right-clicking a wire and selecting **Slice**. The segment will be separated at the current mouse position. You can also separate a wire segment from the adjacent segments by right-clicking the segment and selecting **Break**.
zh: 你可以通过右击导线并选择 **分割** 将一个导线分成两段。该导线将在当前的鼠标位置被分开。你也可以通过右击一个导线并选择 **断开** 将其与相邻的导线分开。

note: type: Plain text
en: Normally the line style of a wire follows the net's <<schematic-setup-netclasses,netclass settings>> (nets are in the `Default` netclass if no other netclass is specified). However, the line style for the selected wire segments can be overridden in the wire's properties dialog (kbd:[E] when a wire segment is selected). The wire's width, color, and line style (solid, dashed, dotted, etc.) can be set. Setting the width to `0`, clearing the color, and using the `Default` line style uses the default width, color, and style, respectively, from the netclass settings. If a wire junction is included in the selection, the junction size can also be edited here.
zh: 通常情况下，导线的样式遵照网络的<<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类设置>>（如果没有指定其他网络类，网络就属于 `默认` 网络类）。然而，所选导线的样式可以在导线的属性对话框中被覆盖（当导线被选中时点击 kbd:[E]）。可以设置导线的宽度、颜色和导线的样式（实线、虚线、点线等）。将宽度设置为 `0`，清除颜色，并使用 `默认` 导线样式，将分别使用网络类设置中的默认宽度、颜色和样式。如果在选择中包含了一个导线结点，结点的大小也可以在这里进行编辑。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: wire and bus properties dialog
zh: 导线和总线属性对话框

note: type: Title =====
en: Wire Junctions
zh: 导线结点

note: type: Plain text
en: Wires that cross are not implicitly connected. It is necessary to join them by explicitly adding a junction dot if a connection is desired (image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[Add Junction icon] button in the right toolbar). Junction dots will be automatically added to wires that start or end on top of an existing wire.
zh: 交叉的导线不是隐式连接的。如果需要连接，必须明确地添加结点来连接它们（image:images/icons/add_junction_24.png[添加结点图标]按钮在右侧工具栏）。结点将被自动添加到开始或结束于现有导线之上的导线。

note: type: Plain text
en: Junction dots are used in the schematic figure above on the wires connected to `P1` pins 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23.
zh: 在上面的原理图中，连接到 `P1` 引脚 18、19、20、21、22 和 23 的导线上使用了结点。

note: type: Plain text
en: Junction size automatically follows the schematic's **Junction dot size** setting in **Schematic Setup** -> **General** -> **Formatting**. Color follows the <<schematic-setup-netclasses,netclass setting>>. The automatic size and color can be overridden in each junction dot's properties; a size of `0` is equivalent to the schematic default size, and clearing the color uses the netclass color.
zh: 结点大小自动遵循原理图的 **结点大小** 设置，在 **原理图设置** -> **通用** -> **格式化**。颜色遵循 <<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类设置>>。自动尺寸和颜色可以在每个连接点的属性中被覆盖；尺寸为 `0` 相当于原理图的默认尺寸，而清除颜色则使用网络类颜色。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: junction properties dialog
zh: 结点属性对话框

note: type: Title ====
en: Labels
zh: 标签

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels are used to assign net names to wires and pins. Wires with the same net name are considered to be connected, so labels can be used to make connections without drawing direct wire connections.
zh: 标签是用来给导线和引脚分配网络名称的。具有相同网络名称的导线被认为是连接在一起的，所以标签可以用来进行连接，而不需要直接画线连接。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are three types of labels, each with a different connection scope.
zh: 有三种类型的标签，每种都有不同的连接范围。

note: type: Title =====
en: Adding and editing labels
zh: 添加和编辑标签

note: type: Plain text
en: After using the appropriate button or hotkey to create a label, the Label Properties dialog appears.
zh: 使用相应按钮或快捷键创建标签后，会出现标签属性对话框。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Global Label Properties dialog
zh: 全局标签属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The *Label* field sets the label's text, which determines the net that the label assigns to its attached wire. Label text supports <<text-markup,markup>> for overbars, subscripts, etc., as well as <<text-variables,variable substitution>>.  Use the *Syntax help* link in the dialog for a summary.
zh: *标签* 字段设置了标签的文本，它决定了标签分配给其连接线的网络。标签文本支持上划线、下标等<<text-markup,标记>> ，也支持<<text-variables,变量替换>>。 使用对话框中的 *语法帮助* 链接获得帮助。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are several options to control the label's appearance. You can change the <<font,font>>, size, and color of the text, and set bold and italic emphasis.  You can also set the orientation of the text relative to the label's connection point. Hierarchical and global labels have several additional options: the *Auto* option automatically sets the label orientation based on the connected schematic elements, and *Shape* option controls the shape of the label outline (*Input*, *Output*, *Bidirectional*, *Tri-state*, or *Passive*). The outline shape is purely visual and has no electrical consequence.
zh: 有几个选项可以控制标签的外观。你可以改变文本的 <<font,字体>>、大小和颜色，并设置粗体和斜体以便强调。 你还可以设置文本相对于标签连接点的方向。层次和全局标签有几个额外的选项：*自动* 选项根据连接的原理图元素自动设置标签方向，*形状* 选项控制标签轮廓的形状（*输入*、*输出*、*双向*、*三态* 或 *被动*）。轮廓形状纯粹是视觉上的，没有电气上的影响。

note: type: Plain text
en: The default text size can be set for a schematic in
          <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>>, and the default font can
          be set in <<preferences-schematic-display-options,Preferences>>.
zh: 默认文本大小可以在<<schematic-setup-formatting,原理图设置>>中设置，默认字体可以在<<preferences-schematic-display-options,优选项>>中设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Global labels have additional settings to control margins around the label
          text in the <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup dialog>>.
zh: 在<<schematic-setup-formatting,原理图设置对话框>> 中，全局标签有额外的设置来控制标签文本周围的边距。

note: type: Plain text
en: Labels can also have fields added to them. Two fields have special meaning (`Net Class` and `Sheet References`, described below), but arbitrary fields can also be added. Label fields behave like <<editing-symbol-properties,symbol fields>>: you can show or hide their name and value and adjust the alignment, orientation, position, size, font, color, and emphasis.
zh: 标签也可以添加字段。有两个字段有特殊的意义（"网络类" 和 "页面位号"，下面会介绍），但也可以添加任意字段。标签字段的行为类似于<<editing-symbol-properties,符号字段>>：你可以显示或隐藏它们的名称和值，调整对齐方式、方向、位置、大小、字体、颜色或进行强调。

note: type: Plain text
en: Formatting options for label fields can be shown or hidden by
          right-clicking on the header row of the label field table and enabling or
          disabling the desired columns. Not all columns are shown by default.
zh: 通过右击标签字段表的标题行，可以显示或隐藏标签字段的格式化选项，并启用或禁用所需的列。默认情况下，并非所有的列都显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: Like symbol fields, label fields can be edited individually by opening the properties of a specific label field from the schematic (double click the label field, or use kbd:[E]).
zh: 与符号字段一样，标签字段可以通过从原理图中打开特定标签字段的属性进行单独编辑（双击标签字段，或使用 kbd:[E]）。

note: type: Plain text
en: After accepting the label properties, the label is attached to the cursor for placement. The connection point for a label is the small square in the corner of the label. The square disappears when the label is connected to a wire or the end of a pin.
zh: 确认标签属性后，标签将被粘附到光标上进行放置。标签的连接点是标签角落里的小方块。当标签被连接到导线或引脚的末端时，这个方块就会消失。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Unconnected label
zh: 未连接的标签

note: type: Plain text
en: The connection point's position relative to the label text can be changed by choosing a different label orientation in the label's properties, or by mirroring/rotating the label.
zh: 连接点相对于标签文本的位置可以通过在标签的属性中选择不同的标签方向，或通过镜像/旋转标签来改变。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Label Properties dialog can be accessed at any time by selecting a label and using the kbd:[E] hotkey, double-clicking on the label, or with **Properties...** in the right-click context menu.
zh: 通过选择一个标签并使用 kbd:[E] 快捷键、双击该标签或在右键菜单中使用 **属性...**，可以随时访问标签属性对话框。

note: type: Title =====
en: Assigning net classes with labels
zh: 用标签分配网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: In addition to assigning net names, labels can be used to assign net classes. A label field named `Net Class` assigns the specified netclass to the net associated with the label. To make it easier to assign net classes in this way, `Net Class` is the default name for new label fields, and `Net Class` fields present a dropdown list of all the net classes in the design. Net classes must be created in the <<schematic-netclasses,Schematic Setup>> or xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[Board Setup] windows before they can be assigned with a label field.
zh: 除了分配网络名外，标签还可以用来分配网络类。一个名为 "网络类" 的标签字段将指定的网络类分配给与该标签相关的网络。为了便于以这种方式分配网络类，"网络类" 是新标签字段的默认名称，"网络类" 字段显示设计中所有网络类的下拉列表。网络类必须在<<schematic-netclasses,原理图设置>>或xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[电路板设置] 窗口中创建，然后才能为其分配标签字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information about assigning netclasses, see the <<schematic-netclass,netclass documentation>>.
zh: 关于分配网络类的更多信息，请参见<<schematic-netclass,网络类文档>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Inter-sheet references
zh: 页面间引用

note: type: Plain text
en: Global labels can display inter-sheet references, which are a list of page numbers for other places in the schematic where the same global label appears.  Clicking an inter-sheet reference travels to the listed page. If multiple references are listed, clicking the reference list brings up a menu to select the desired page.
zh: 全局标签可以显示页面间引用，它展示了原理图中出现同一全局标签的其他地方的页码列表。 点击页面间引用就可以进入所列出的页面。如果列出了多个引用，点击引用列表会弹出一个菜单来选择所需的页面。

note: type: Plain text
en: Inter-sheet references are globally controlled in the <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>> window's Formatting page.  References can be enabled or disabled, and the displayed format for the list can be adjusted, including with optional prefix or suffix characters.
zh: 页面间引用在 <<schematic-setup-formatting, 原理图设置>> 窗口的格式页面中进行全局控制。 可以启用或禁用引用，并且可以调整列表的显示格式，包括可选的前缀或后缀字符。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image below shows a global label with inter-sheet references to two other schematic pages. A prefix and suffix of `[` and `]`, respectively, were added in Schematic Setup.
zh: 下图显示了一个全局标签，其中有对其他两个原理图页面的引用。在原理图设置中，分别添加了前缀和后缀 `[` 和 `]` 。

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: global label with inter-sheet references
zh: 全局标签与表间参考

note: type: Plain text
en: A `Sheet References` field with value `${INTERSHEET_REFS}` is automatically added to global labels, and is used to control the appearance of inter-sheet references for that label. The `${INTERSHEET_REFS}` text variable gets expanded to the full list of inter-sheet references for the global label, as configured in Schematic Setup. Visibility of inter-sheet references is globally controlled in Schematic Setup rather than with the `Sheet References` field visibility control. The `Sheet References` field has no meaning for other types of labels.
zh: 全局标签会自动添加一个 "页面参考" 字段，其值为 "${INTERSHEET_REFS}"，用于控制该标签的页面间引用。`${INTERSHEET_REFS}` 文本变量会被扩展为全局标签页面间引用的完整列表，和在原理图设置中的一致。页面间引用的可见性在 "原理图设置" 中全局控制，而不是通过 "页面间引用" 字段的可见性控制。对于其他类型的标签，"页面间引用" 字段没有意义。

note: type: Title ====
en: Buses
zh: 总线

note: type: Plain text
en: Buses are a way to group related signals in the schematic in order to simplify complicated designs.  Buses can be drawn like wires using the bus tool image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[bus tool icon], and are named using labels the same way signal wires are.
zh: 总线是一种在原理图中分组相关信号的方法，以简化复杂的设计。 总线可以像导线一样用总线工具画出来 image:images/icons/add_bus_24.png[总线工具图标]，并像信号线一样用标签命名。

note: type: Plain text
en: In the following schematic, many pins are connected to buses, which are the thick blue lines in the center.
zh: 在下面的原理图中，许多引脚都连接到总线上，也就是中间的蓝色粗线。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Example schematic with buses
zh: 带总线的原理图示例

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus members
zh: 总线成员

note: type: Plain text
en: There are two types of bus in KiCad 6.0 and later: vector buses and group buses.
zh: 在 KiCad 6.0 及以后版本中，有两种类型的总线：矢量总线和分组总线。

note: type: Plain text
en: A *vector bus* is a collection of signals that start with a common prefix and end with a number.  Vector buses are named `<PREFIX>[M..N]` where `PREFIX` is any valid signal name, `M` is the first suffix number, and `N` is the last suffix number.  For example, the bus `DATA[0..7]` contains the signals `DATA0`, `DATA1`, and so on up to `DATA7`.  It doesn't matter which order `M` and `N` are specified in, but both must be non-negative.
zh: 一个 *矢量总线* 是一个信号的集合，以一个共同的前缀开始，以一个数字结束。 矢量总线被命名为 `<前缀>[M..N]`，其中`前缀`是任何有效的信号名称，`M` 是第一个后缀数字，`N` 是最后的后缀数字。 例如，总线 `DATA[0...7]` 包含信号 `DATA0`、`DATA1`，以此类推，直到 `DATA7`。 指定 `M` 和 `N` 的顺序并不重要，但两者必须是非负数。

note: type: Plain text
en: A *group bus* is a collection of one or more signals and/or vector buses.  Group buses can be used to bundle together related signals even when they have different names.  Group buses use a special label syntax:
zh: 一个 *分组总线* 是一个或多个信号和/或矢量总线的集合。 分组总线可以用来把相关的信号捆绑在一起，即使它们有不同的名字。 分组总线使用一种特殊的标签语法：

note: type: Plain text
en: `<OPTIONAL_NAME>{SIGNAL1 SIGNAL2 SIGNAL3}`
zh: ‘<OPTIONAL_NAME>{SIGNAL1 SIGNAL2 SIGNAL3}’

note: type: Plain text
en: The members of the group are listed inside curly braces (`{}`) separated by space characters.  An optional name for the group goes before the opening curly brace.  If the group bus is unnamed, the resulting nets on the PCB will just be the signal names inside the group.  If the group bus has a name, the resulting nets will have the name as a prefix, with a period (`.`)  separating the prefix from the signal name.
zh: 该分组的成员被列在大括号（`{}`）内，用空格字符隔开。 在大括号的前面有一个可选的分组名。 如果分组总线没有命名，PCB 中产生的网络将作为该分组内的信号名称。 如果分组总线有名字，产生的网络将以名字为前缀，用句号（`.`）分隔前缀和信号名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, the bus `{SCL SDA}` has two signal members, and in the netlist these signals will be `SCL` and `SDA`.  The bus `USB1{DP DM}` will generate nets called `USB1.DP` and `USB1.DM`.  For designs with larger buses that are repeated across several similar circuits, using this technique can save time.
zh: 例如，总线 `{SCL SDA}` 有两个信号成员，在网表中这些信号将是 `SCL` 和 `SDA`。 总线 `USB1{DP DM}` 将产生名为 `USB1.DP` 和 `USB1.DM` 的网表。 对于在几个类似电路中重复出现的较大的总线的设计，使用这种技术可以节省时间。

note: type: Plain text
en: Group buses can also contain vector buses.  For example, the bus `MEMORY{A[7..0] D[7..0] OE WE}` contains both vector buses and plain signals, and will result in nets such as `MEMORY.A7` and `MEMORY.OE` on the PCB.
zh: 分组总线也可以包含矢量总线。 例如，总线 `MEMORY{A[7..0] D[7..0] OE WE}` 同时包含了矢量总线和普通信号，并将在 PCB 上形成 `MEMORY.A7` 和 `MEMORY.OE` 这样的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Bus wires can be drawn and connected in the same manner as signal wires, including using junctions to create connections between crossing wires.  Like signals, buses cannot have more than one name -- if two conflicting labels are attached to the same bus, an ERC violation will be generated.
zh: 总线的绘制和连接方式与信号线相同，包括使用结点来创建交叉线之间的连接。 与信号线一样，总线不能有一个以上的名称--如果在同一总线上有两个冲突的标签，将产生一个 ERC 违规。

note: type: Title =====
en: Connections between bus members
zh: 总线成员之间的连接

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins connected between the same members of a bus must be connected by labels. It is not possible to connect a pin directly to a bus; this type of connection will be ignored by KiCad.
zh: 总线相同成员之间连接的引脚必须通过标签连接。不可能将一个引脚直接连接到总线上；这种连接方式将被 KiCad 忽略。

note: type: Plain text
en: In the example above, connections are made by the labels placed on wires connected to the pins. Bus entries (wire segments at 45 degrees) to buses are graphical only, and are not necessary to form logical connections.
zh: 在上面的例子中，连接是通过放置在连接到引脚的导线上的标签来实现的。连接总线的总线入口（45 度的线段）只是图形化的，并不是形成逻辑连接的必要条件。

note: type: Plain text
en: In fact, using the repetition command (kbd:[Insert]), connections can be very quickly made in the following way, if component pins are aligned in increasing order (a common case in practice on components such as memories, microprocessors...):
zh: 事实上，使用重复命令（kbd:[Insert]），如果元件引脚以递增的顺序排列，可以非常快速地进行连接（在实践中，这种情况常见于存储器、微处理器等元件）：

note: type: Plain text
en: Place the first label (for example `PCA0`)
zh: 放置第一个标签（例如：`PCA0`）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the repetition command as much as needed to place members.  KiCad will automatically create the next labels (`PCA1`, `PCA2`...)  vertically aligned, theoretically on the position of the other pins.
zh: 尽量使用重复命令来放置成员。 KiCad 将自动创建下一个标签（`PCA1`，`PCA2`...）垂直对齐，理论上是在其他引脚的位置上。

note: type: Plain text
en: Draw the wire under the first label. Then use the repetition command to place the other wires under the labels.
zh: 在第一个标签下画线。然后使用重复命令将其他导线放在标签下。

note: type: Plain text
en: If needed, place the bus entries by the same way (Place the first entry, then use the repetition command).
zh: 如果需要，以同样的方式放置总线入口（放置第一个入口，然后使用重复命令）。

note: type: delimited block =
en: In the **Schematic Editor** -> **Editing Options** section of the Preferences menu, you can set the repetition parameters:
zh: 在偏好设置菜单的 **原理图编辑器** -> **编辑选项** 部分，你可以设置重复的参数：

note: type: delimited block =
en: Horizontal pitch
zh: 水平间距

note: type: delimited block =
en: Vertical pitch
zh: 垂直间距

note: type: delimited block =
en: Label increment (labels can be incremented or decremented by 1, 2, 3, etc.)
zh: 标签递增（标签可以递增或递减 1、2、3，等等）。

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus unfolding
zh: 总线展开

note: type: Plain text
en: The unfold tool allows you to quickly break out signals from a bus.  To unfold a signal, right-click on a bus object (a bus wire, etc) and choose **Unfold from Bus**.  Alternatively, use the *Unfold Bus* hotkey (default: kbd:[C])  when the cursor is over a bus object.  The menu allows you to select which bus member to unfold.
zh: 展开工具允许你快速地从总线上分离出信号。 要展开一个信号，请右击一个总线对象（一个总线导线等），并选择 **从总线上展开**。 或者，当光标在一个总线对象上时，使用 *展开总线* 快捷键（默认：kbd:[C]）。 该菜单允许你选择要展开的总线成员。

note: type: Plain text
en: After selecting the bus member, the next click will place the bus member label at the desired location.  The tool automatically generates a bus entry and wire leading up to the label location.  After placing the label, you can continue placing additional wire segments (for example, to connect to a component pin) and complete the wire in any of the normal ways.
zh: 在选择总线成员后，下一次点击将把总线成员的标签放在所需的位置。 该工具会自动生成一个总线入口和通向标签位置的导线。 放置完标签后，你可以继续放置额外的导线（例如，连接到一个元件引脚），并以任何正常方式完成布线。

note: type: Title =====
en: Bus aliases
zh: 总线别名

note: type: Plain text
en: Bus aliases are shortcuts that allow you to work with large group buses more efficiently.  They allow you to define a group bus and give it a short name that can then be used instead of the full group name across the schematic.
zh: 总线别名是一种快捷方式，可以让你更有效地处理大型分组总线。 它允许你定义一个分组总线，并给它一个简短的名称，然后可以在整个原理图中代替完整的分组名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: To create bus aliases, open the **Bus Alias Definitions** pane in <<schematic-setup,Schematic Setup>>.
zh: 要创建总线别名，请在<<schematic-setup,原理图设置>>中打开 **总线别名定义** 窗格。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bus Alias Definitions
zh: 总线别名的定义

note: type: Plain text
en: An alias may be named any valid signal name.  Using the dialog, you can add signals or vector buses to the alias.  As a shortcut, you can type or paste in a list of signals and/or buses separated by spaces, and they will all be added to the alias definition.  In this example, we define an alias called `USB` with members `DP`, `DM`, and `VBUS`.
zh: 一个别名可以被命名为任何有效的信号名称。 使用该对话框，你可以向别名添加信号或矢量总线。 作为一种快捷方式，你可以输入或粘贴信号和/或总线的列表，用空格隔开，它们将全部被添加到别名定义中。 在这个例子中，我们定义了一个名为 `USB` 的别名，成员为 `DP`、`DM` 和 `VBUS`。

note: type: Plain text
en: Bus aliases are saved in the schematic file that is opened when the alias is created. The **Bus Alias Definitions** window shows the schematic file associated with the selected alias at the bottom of the alias list. Any aliases created in a given schematic sheet are available to use in any other schematic sheet that is in the same hierarchical design. If multiple sheets in a hierarchical design contain identically-named bus aliases, the aliases must all have the same members. <<list-of-erc-checks,ERC will report a violation>> if multiple bus aliases with the same name do not have consistent members.
zh: 总线别名被保存在创建别名时打开的原理图文件中。在 **总线别名定义** 窗口中，与所选别名相关的原理图文件显示在别名列表的底部。在一个给定的原理图页面中创建的任何别名都可以在同一层次设计中的任何其他原理图页面中使用。如果一个层次设计中的多个原理图包含相同名称的总线别名，这些别名必须都有相同的成员。如果多个同名的总线别名没有一致的成员，<<list-of-erc-checks,ERC 将报告违规情况>>。

note: type: Title =====
en: Buses with more than one label
zh: 有多个标签的总线

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad 5.0 and earlier allowed the connection of bus wires with different labels together, and would join the members of these buses during netlisting. This behavior has been removed in KiCad 6.0 because it is incompatible with group buses, and also leads to confusing netlists because the name that a given signal will receive is not easily predicted.
zh: KiCad 5.0 或更早的版本允许将具有不同标签的总线连接在一起，并在网表编制时将这些总线的成员连接起来。这种行为在 KiCad 6.0 中被移除了，因为它与分组总线不兼容，而且还会导致网表的混乱，因为一个给定的信号将得到的名称不容易预测。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you open a design that made use of this feature in a modern version of KiCad, you will see the Migrate Buses dialog which guides you through updating the schematic so that only one label exists on any given set of bus wires.
zh: 如果您在现代版本的 KiCad 中打开使用此功能的设计，您将看到“迁移总线”对话框，该对话框将指导您更新原理图，以便在任何给定的总线线路上只存在一个标签。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Bus Migration Dialog
zh: 总线迁移对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: For each set of bus wires that has more than one label, you must choose the label to keep.  The drop-down name box lets you choose between the labels that exist in the design, or you can choose a different name by manually entering it into the new name field.
zh: 对于具有多个标签的每组总线，您必须选择要保留的标签。 下拉名称框允许您在设计中存在的标签之间进行选择，或者您可以选择一个不同的名称并手动将新名称输入名称字段。

note: type: Title ====
en: Power Symbols
zh: 电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: In the figure below, power symbols are used to connect the positive and negative terminals of the capacitors to the `VCC` and `GND` nets, respectively.
zh: 在下图中，电源符号用于将电容器的正负极分别连接到 `VCC` 和 `GND` 网络上。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power symbols example
zh: 电源符号的示例

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/power_ports_example.png
zh: images/zh/power_ports_example.png

note: type: Title ====
en: Net name assignment rules
zh: 网络名分配规则

note: type: Plain text
en: Every net in the schematic is assigned a name, whether that name is specified by the user or automatically generated by KiCad.
zh: 原理图中的每个网络都被分配了一个名称，无论这个名称是由用户指定还是由 KiCad 自动生成。

note: type: Plain text
en: When multiple labels are attached to the same net, the final net name is determined in the following order, from highest priority to lowest:
zh: 当多个标签附加到同一个网时，最终的网络名将按以下顺序确定，从最高优先级到最低：

note: type: Plain text
en: Global labels
zh: 全局标签

note: type: Plain text
en: <<power-symbols,Power symbols>>
zh: <<power-symbols,电源符号>>

note: type: Plain text
en: Local labels
zh: 局部标签

note: type: Plain text
en: Hierarchical labels
zh: 层次标签

note: type: Plain text
en: If there are multiple labels of one type attached to a net, the names are sorted alphabetically and the first is used.
zh: 如果一个网络有多个同一类型的标签，则按字母顺序排序，使用第一个。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a net travels through multiple sheets of a <<hierarchical-schematics,hierarchy>>, it will take its name from the highest level of the hierarchy where it has a hierarchical label or local label. As usual, local labels take priority over hierarchical labels.
zh: 如果一个网络经过<<hierarchical-schematics,层次>>的多张原理图，它的名字将取决于层次结构中优先级最高的标签。通常，局部标签优先级高于层次标签。

note: type: Plain text
en: If none of the label types above are attached to a net, the net's name is automatically generated based on the connected symbol pins.
zh: 如果以上标签类型都没有添加到网络中，那么网络的名称将根据连接的符号引脚自动生成。

note: type: Plain text
en: Two `PWR_FLAG` symbols are visible in the screenshot above. They indicate to ERC that the two power nets `VCC` and `GND` are actually connected to a power source, as there is no explicit power source such as a voltage regulator output attached to either net.
zh: 上面的截图中可以看到两个 `PWR_FLAG` 符号。它们向 ERC 表明，两个电源网络 `VCC` 和 `GND` 实际上连接到一个电源上，虽然没有明确的电源输出（如电压调节器输出）连接到以上两个网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Without these two flags, the ERC tool would diagnose: __Error: Input Power pin not driven by any Output Power pins.__
zh: 如果没有这两个标志，ERC 工具会诊断出：__错误：输入电源引脚没有被任何输出电源引脚驱动。__

note: type: Plain text
en: The `PWR_FLAG` symbol is found in the `power` symbol library. The same effect can be achieved by connecting any power output pin to the net.
zh: `PWR_FLAG` 符号可以在 `power` 符号库中找到。将任何电源输出引脚连接到网络上，可以达到同样的效果。

note: type: Title ====
en: No-connection flag
zh: 无连接标志

note: type: Title ====
en: Hidden Power Pins
zh: 隐藏电源引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: Hidden pins can be shown in the schematic by checking the **Show hidden
          pins** option in the **Schematic Editor** -> **Display Options** section
          of the preferences, or by selecting **View** -> **Show hidden pins**.
          There is also a toggle icon image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[] on the
          left toolbar.
zh: 隐藏的引脚可以在原理图中显示，方法是在 **原理图编辑器** -> 偏好设置的 **显示选项** 部分勾选 **显示隐藏的引脚**，或者选择 **视图** -> **显示隐藏的引脚**。在左侧工具栏上还有一个切换是否显示隐藏引脚的图标 image:images/icons/hidden_pin_24.png[] 。

note: type: Title ===
en: Netclasses
zh: 网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: Netclasses are groups of nets that can be assigned design rules (for the PCB)  and graphical properties (for the schematic). In KiCad, each net is part of exactly one net class. If you do not add a net to a specific class, it will be part of the Default class, which always exists.
zh: 网络类是可以被分配设计规则（用于 PCB）和图形属性（用于原理图）的网络分组。在 KiCad 中，每个网络都是某个网络类的一部分。如果你没有将网络添加到一个特定的网络类中，它将是“默认类”的一部分，“默认类”总是存在。

note: type: Plain text
en: Net classes may be created and edited in either the Schematic or Board Setup dialogs. Nets can be added to netclasses in either the schematic or board using pattern-based assignments described below. Nets can also be assigned to netclasses in the schematic using graphical assignments with net class directives or <<label-netclass,net labels>>.
zh: 网络类可以在原理图或电路板设置对话框中创建和编辑。可以使用下面描述的基于模式的分配将网络添加到原理图或电路板的网络类中。在原理图中，也可以通过图形标识的方式，如网络类标识符或<<label-netclass,网络标签>>将网络分配到网络类中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting a wire or label displays the net's netclass in the message panel at the bottom of the window.
zh: 选择一个导线或标签会在窗口底部的信息面板中显示该网络的网络类。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: selected wire's netclass displayed in status pane
zh: 所选导线的网络类显示在状态窗格中

note: type: Title ====
en: Managing netclasses in Schematic Setup
zh: 在原理图设置中管理网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: Netclasses are managed in the **Net Classes** panel of the **Schematic Setup** dialog.
zh: 网络类在 **原理图设置** 对话框的 **网络类** 面板中管理。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic Setup netclasses panel
zh: 原理图设置网络类面板

note: type: Plain text
en: The top pane lists the netclasses that exist in the design. The `Default` netclass always exists, and you can add additional netclasses with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[add netclass icon] button or remove the selected netclass with the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[delete netclass icon] button.
zh: 顶部的窗格列出了设计中存在的网络类。`默认` 网络类总是存在的，你可以通过 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[添加网络类图标] 按钮添加额外的网络类，或者通过 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除网络类图标] 按钮删除选定的网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each netclass can have unique graphic properties that determine how wires of that netclass are displayed in the schematic. Wire and bus thicknesses, color, and line style (solid, dashed, dotted, etc.) can all be adjusted. Setting the color to transparent will use the theme's default wire/bus color for the netclass, which is configurable in <<preferences-colors,Preferences>>.
zh: 每个网络类可以有独特的图形属性，它决定该网络类的导线如何在原理图中显示。导线和总线的厚度、颜色和线条风格（实线、虚线、点线等）都可以调整。将颜色设置为透明将使用主题的默认导线/总线颜色，该颜色可在<<preferences-colors,偏好设置>>中配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also set board design rules for each netclass, although the DRC fields are hidden by default. Right click the header row to show or hide additional columns. For more information about setting netclass design rules, see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[PCB editor documentation].
zh: 您还可以为每个网类设置电路板设计规则，但默认情况下 DRC 字段是隐藏的。 右键单击标题行以显示或隐藏其他列。 有关设置网络类设计规则的更多信息，请参阅 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[PCB editor documentation]。

note: type: Plain text
en: The bottom pane lists pattern-based netclass assignments. Each row has a net name pattern and a netclass; nets with names that match the pattern are assigned to the specified netclass. If a net matches multiple patterns, the first match is used. Pattern-based netclass assignments are dynamic: when a new net is added that matches an existing pattern, it will be assigned to the associated netclass automatically. Net patterns can use both wildcards (`*` to match any number of any characters, including none, and `?` to match any character) and https://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[regular expressions]. The nets that match the selected pattern are displayed to the right of the pattern list.
zh: 底部窗格列出了基于模式的网络类分配。 每行都有一个网络名称模式和一个网络类； 名称与模式匹配的网络被分配给指定的网络类。 如果网络匹配多个模式，则使用第一个匹配项。 基于模式的网络类分配是动态的：当添加与现有模式匹配的新网络时，它将自动分配给关联的网络类。 网络模式可以使用通配符（ `*` 匹配任意数量的任意字符，包括无字符，以及 `?` 匹配任意字符）和 https://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.2/overview_resyntax.html[正则表达式] 。匹配所选模式的网络显示在模式列表的右侧。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, the `net*` pattern matches nets named `net`, `net1`, `network`, and any other net name beginning with `net`. Because `\*` has a slightly different meaning in a regular expression (`*` matches zero or more of the preceding character), the `net*` pattern would also match a net named `ne`.
zh: 例如, `net*` 模式匹配名为 `net` , `net1`, `network`, 和任何其他以 `net` 开头的网络名称的网络。 因为 `\*` 在正则表达式中的含义略有不同（`*` 匹配零个或多个前面的字符）, `net*` 模式也匹配名为 `ne` 的网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Remember that net names must include the full sheet path. For example, a
          locally labeled net in the root sheet has a name prefixed with `/`.
zh: 记住，网络名必须包括完整的原理图页面路径。例如，一个在根原理图中本地标记的网络有一个以 `/` 为前缀的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[add netclass icon] button to add a net class assignment pattern or the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[delete netclass icon] button to remove a pattern.
zh: 使用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[添加网络类图标] 按钮来添加网络类分配模式，或 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除网络类图标] 按钮来删除模式。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: assigning a netclass from the schematic
zh: 从原理图中指定一个网络类

note: type: Title ====
en: Graphically assigning netclasses in the schematic
zh: 在原理图中以图形方式分配网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: In the image below, a net class directive is used to assign signals to the `50R` netclass.
zh: 在下面的图片中，一个网络类标识符被用来给 `50R` 网络类分配信号。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: a netclass directive attached to a bus
zh: 一个连接到总线的网络类标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: Net class directives are added with the image:images/icons/add_class_flag_24.png[net class directive icon] button in the right toolbar. They behave like <<labels,labels>>, except that they cannot be used to name a net. The attached net is assigned a netclass according to the value of the directive's `Net Class` field. The `Net Class` field presents a dropdown list of all the net classes in the design.
zh: 网络类标识符通过右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/add_class_flag_24.png[网络类指令图标] 按钮添加的。网络类标识符除了不能被用来命名网络之外，行为类似于<<labels,标签>>。根据标识符的 `网络类` 字段的值，与标识符关联的网络被分配了一个网络类。`网络类`字段提供了设计中所有网络类的下拉列表。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a directive is attached to a bus, all members of the bus are assigned to the specified net class.
zh: 如果一个标识符被附加到一个总线上，总线上的所有成员都被分配到指定的网络类。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: net class directive window
zh: 网络类标识符窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: In addition to the associated netclass, you can edit the directive's **shape** (dot, circle, diamond, or rectangle), **orientation**, **pin length**, and **color** in the directive's properties.
zh: 除了相关的网络类，你还可以在标识符的属性中编辑标识符的**形状**（点、圆、菱形或矩形）、**方向**、**引脚长度** 和 **颜色**。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<label-netclass,Net labels can also be used to assign netclasses>> to nets by adding a `Net Class` field to the label.
zh: <<label-netclass,也可以用网络标签给网络分配网络类>>，方法是在标签中添加一个 `网络类` 字段。

note: type: Title ===
en: Graphical items
zh: 图形对象

note: type: Plain text
en: Text, graphic shapes, and images can be added to schematics for documentation purposes. These items do not have any electrical effect on the schematic.
zh: 文字、图形和图像可以被添加到原理图中，用于文档的目的。这些对象对原理图没有任何电气影响。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image below shows graphic lines and text ("COMMUNICATION DSP") in addition to symbols and several types of labels.
zh: 下面的图片除了符号和几种类型的标签外，还显示了图形线和文字（"COMMUNICATION DSP"）。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Frame with comment example
zh: 带注释的框架示例

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/frame_example.png
zh: images/zh/frame_example.png

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: schematic text and textbox example
zh: 原理图文本和文本框示例

note: type: Plain text
en: Both kinds of text item support multiline text and basic formatting features, but text boxes wrap text to fit in the outline and have additional formatting options. All text has adjustable fonts, color, size, bold and italic emphasis, left and right alignment, and vertical and horizontal orientation. Text boxes additionally support horizontal centering, vertical alignment options, and colored borders and fill.
zh: 这两种文本项目都支持多行文本和基本的格式设置功能，文本框还可以将文本换行以适应文本框外框，并有额外的格式选项。所有的文本都有可调整的字体、颜色、大小、黑体和斜体，左右对齐，以及垂直和水平方向。文本框还支持水平居中，垂直对齐选项，以及彩色边框和填充。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: text box properties dialog
zh: 文本框属性对话框

note: type: Title =====
en: Links
zh: 链接

note: type: Plain text
en: Text and text boxes can be made into a link by entering a target in the *Link* box in the text properties. The link target can be a local file (using the `file://` protocol prefix followed by the file's path), to a website (using `http://` or `https://` followed by the rest of the URL), or to another page in the same schematic (using `#` followed by the page number). These can also be autofilled using the dropdown menu in the link target box.
zh: 文本和文本框可以通过在文本属性的 *链接* 框中输入一个目标而成为一个链接。链接目标可以是一个本地文件（使用 `file://` 协议前缀，后跟文件路径），或者是一个网站（使用 `http://` 或 `https://`，后跟其余的 URL），或导航到同一原理图设计中的另一个页面（使用 `#` 后跟页码）。这些也可以使用链接目标框中的下拉菜单自动填写。

note: type: Title =====
en: Fonts
zh: 字体

note: type: Plain text
en: Text and text boxes support custom fonts, which are selectable with the **Font** dropdown in the properties dialog for the text. In addition to the KiCad font, you can use any TTF font installed on your computer.
zh: 文本和文本框支持自定义字体，可通过文本的属性对话框中的 **字体** 下拉选择。除了 KiCad 字体外，你还可以使用安装在你电脑上的任何 TTF 字体。

note: type: Plain text
en: User fonts are not embedded in the project. If the project is opened on another computer that does not have the selected font installed, a different font will be substituted. For maximum compatibility, use the KiCad font.
zh: 用户字体不会被嵌入工程中。如果该工程在另一台没有安装所选字体的计算机上打开，将会被替换为不同的字体。为了获得最大的兼容性，请使用 KiCad 字体。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text supports markup for superscripts, subscripts, overbars, evaluating project variables, and accessing symbol field values.
zh: 文本标记支持上标, 下标, 评估工程变量和访问符号字段值。

note: type: Table
en: | Feature | Markup Syntax | Result
    | Superscript
      | `text^{superscript}`
      | text^superscript^
    | Subscript
      | `text_{subscript}`
      | text~subscript~
    | Overbar
      | `~{text}`
      | [overline]#text#
    | <<schematic-setup-text-variables,Variables>>
      | `${variable}`
      | _variable_value_
    | <<text-variables,Symbol Fields>>
      | `${refdes:field}`
      | _field_value_ of symbol _refdes_
zh: | 功能 | 标记语法 | 结果
    | 上标
      | `text^{superscript}`
      | text^superscript^
    | 下标
      | `text_{subscript}`
      | text~subscript~
    | 上划线
      | `~{text}`
      | [overline]#text#
    | <<原理图 - 设置 - 文本 - 变量，变量>>
      | `${variable}`
      | _variable_value_
    | <<文本 - 变量，符号字段>>
      | `${refdes:field}`
      | _field_value_ of symbol _refdes_

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables must be defined in
          <<schematic-setup-text-variables,Schematic Setup>> before they can be
          used. There are also a number of
          <<text-variables,built-in system text variables>>.
zh: 变量必须在
            <<schematic-setup-text-variables,原理图设置>> 中定义才可以
           使用。 还有一些
            <<text-variables,内置系统文本变量>> 。

note: type: Title ====
en: Graphic Shapes
zh: 图形形状

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Graphic rectangle, circle, arc, and lines in a schematic
zh: 原理图中的矩形、圆形、圆弧和直线

note: type: Plain text
en: Line width, color, and style (solid, dashed, or dotted) can be configured in the properties dialog for each shape (kbd:[E]). Rectangles, circles, and arcs can also have a fill color set and have their outlines removed.
zh: 线宽、颜色和样式（实线、虚线或点线）可以在每个图形（kbd:[E]）的属性对话框中进行配置。矩形、圆形和弧形也可以设置填充颜色并去除其轮廓线。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: graphic rectangle properties dialog
zh: 图形矩形属性对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: Setting a shape's line width to 0 uses the schematic default line width, which is configurable in <<schematic-setup-formatting,Schematic Setup>>. Spacing for line dashes is also configurable there. Removing a line or fill color uses the color theme's graphics color, which is configurable in <<preferences-colors,Preferences>>.
zh: 将形状的线宽设置为 0，则使用原理图的默认线宽，该线宽可在 <schematic-setup,原理图设置>> 中配置。虚线的间距也可以在那里配置。移除线条或填充物的颜色将会使用颜色主题的图形颜色，这可以在 <<preferences-colors,偏好设置>> 中配置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Like <<drawing-and-editing-wires,wires>>, graphic lines obey the line drawing mode setting (90 degree, 45 degree, or free angle), which you can set using the toggle buttons on the left toolbar (image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon], image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon], and image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon], respectively).  kbd:[Shift+Space] cycles through the modes.
zh: 与<<drawing-and-editing-wires,导线>>一样，图形的线条服从线条的绘制模式设置（90 度，45 度，或自由角度），可以用左侧工具栏的切换按钮来设置 (image:images/icons/lines90_24.png[90 degree wire icon], image:images/icons/hv45mode_24.png[45 degree wire icon], and image:images/icons/lines_any_24.png[free angle wire icon])。 kbd:[Shift+Space] 循环切换这些模式。

note: type: Plain text
en: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[As with PCB tracks], the kbd:[/] hotkey switches line posture.
zh: xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#track-posture[与 PCB 布线一样] ，kbd:[/] 快捷键切换线条模式。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bitmap Images
zh: 位图图像

note: type: Plain text
en: Bitmap images can be added to the schematic with the image:images/icons/image_24.png[Add bitmap image icon] button. Images in the schematic can be moved and scaled. The properties dialog allows setting a location and scale as well as converting the image to greyscale.
zh: 位图图像可以通过 image:images/icons/image_24.png[添加位图图像图标] 按钮添加到原理图中。原理图中的图像可以被移动和缩放。属性对话框允许设置位置和比例，以及将图像转换为灰度。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bulk editing text and graphics
zh: 批量编辑文本和图形

note: type: Plain text
en: Properties of text and graphics can be edited in bulk using the *Edit Text and Graphic Properties* dialog (**Tools** -> **Edit Text and Graphic Properties...**). The tool can also modify visual properties of wires and buses.
zh: 文本和图形的属性可以通过 *编辑文本和图形属性* 对话框（**工具** -> **编辑文本和图形属性...**）进行批量编辑。该工具还可以修改导线和总线的视觉属性。

note: type: Title =====
en: Scope and Filters
zh: 范围和筛选器

note: type: Title =====
en: Editable Properties
zh: 可编辑的属性

note: type: Plain text
en: Properties for filtered objects can be set to new values in the bottom part of the dialog.
zh: 可以在对话框的底部为被筛选对象的属性设置新值。

note: type: Plain text
en: Drop-down lists and text boxes can be set to `-- leave unchanged --` to preserve existing values. Checkboxes can be checked or unchecked to enable or disable a change, but can also be toggled to a third "leave unchanged" state. Color properties must be checked to change the value; a checkerboard swatch indicates that the color will be inherited from the default value from the the schematic settings or netclass properties.
zh: 下拉列表和文本框可以被设置为 `--保持不变--` 以保留现有值。复选框可以被选中或不被选中来启用或禁用一个变化，但也可以切换到第三个 "保持不变" 的状态。颜色属性必须被选中以改变值；棋盘式的色块表示颜色将从原理图设置或网络类属性的默认值中继承下来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text properties that can be modified are *font*, *text size*, *text orientation* (right/up/leftdown), *horizontal* and *vertical alignment*, *text color*, emphasis (*bold* and *italic*), and *visibility* of fields and field names.
zh: 可以修改的文本属性有 *字体*、*文本大小*、*文本方向*（右/上/左/下）、*水平* 和 *垂直对齐*、*文本颜色*、强调（*粗体*和*斜体*）以及字段和字段名的 *可见性*。

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphic and wire properties that can be modified are *line width*, *line style* (solid, dashed, and dotted lines), *line color*, *fill color* for shapes, and *junction size* and *junction color* for wire junctions.
zh: 可以修改的图形和导线属性有：*线宽*、*线样式*（实线、虚线和点线）、*线颜色*、图形的 *填充颜色*，以及导线结点的 *结点尺寸* 和 *结点颜色*。

note: type: Title ====
en: Sheet title block
zh: 原理图标题栏

note: type: Plain text
en: The title block is edited with the Page Settings tool (image:images/icons/sheetset_24.png[Page Settings tool]).
zh: 标题栏是用页面设置工具（image:images/icons/sheetset_24.png[页面设置工具]）编辑的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Page settings dialog
zh: 页面设置对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/page_settings.png
zh: images/zh/page_settings.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Each field in the title block can be edited, as well as the paper size and orientation. If the **Export to other sheets** option is checked for a field, that field will be updated in the title block of all sheets, rather than only the current sheet.
zh: 可以编辑标题栏中的每个字段，以及纸张大小和方向。 如果为某个字段选中了 **导出到其他原理图页** 选项，则该字段将在所有原理图页的标题栏中更新，而不仅仅是当前原理图页。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can set the date to today's or any other date by pressing the left arrow button next to **Issue Date**. Note that the date in the schematic will not be automatically updated.
zh: 你可以用 **发布日期** 旁的左箭头按钮将日期设置为今天或其他任何日期，但原理图中的日期不会自动更新。

note: type: Plain text
en: A drawing sheet template file can also be selected.
zh: 也可以选择一个原理图模板文件。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Title block
zh: 标题栏

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/title_block.png
zh: images/zh/title_block.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The sheet number (Sheet X/Y) is automatically updated, but sheet page numbers can also be manually set using **Edit** -> **Edit Sheet Page Number...**.
zh: 原理图页码（页面X/Y）会自动更新，也可以用 **编辑** -> **编辑原理图页码...** 手动设置。

note: type: Title ===
en: Schematic Setup
zh: 原理图设置

note: type: Plain text
en: The Schematic Setup window is used to set schematic options that are specific to the currently active schematic. For example, the Schematic Setup window contains formatting options, electrical rule configuration, netclass setup, and schematic text variable setup.
zh: 原理图设置窗口用于设置当前活动原理图的原理图选项。例如，原理图设置窗口包含格式化选项、电气规则配置、网络类设置和原理图文本变量设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can import schematic settings from an existing project using the **Import Settings from Another Project...** button. This allows you to choose a project to use as a template and select which settings to import (formatting preferences, field name templates, pin conflict map, violation severities, and net classes).
zh: 您可以使用 **从另一个项目导入设置...** 按钮从已有项目导入原理图设置。 这允许您选择一个项目用作模板并选择要导入的设置 (格式首选项, 字段名称模板, 管脚冲突映射, 违规严重性设置和网络类)。

note: type: Title ====
en: Schematic formatting
zh: 原理图格式

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup formatting
zh: 原理图设置格式

note: type: Plain text
en: The formatting panel contains settings for the appearance of symbols, text, labels, graphics, and wires.
zh: 格式化面板包含符号、文本、标签、图形和导线的外观设置。

note: type: Plain text
en: Dashed line appearance is controlled in the Formatting section. *Dash length* controls the length of dashes, while *Gap length* controls the spacing between dashes and dots. The dash and gap lengths are relative to the line width: a gap length of `2` means twice the width of the line.
zh: 虚线外观在格式部分中控制。 *虚线长度* 控制破折号的长度，而 *间隙长度* 控制破折号和点之间的间距。 破折号和间隙长度是相对于线宽的：间隙长度为 `2` 则表示线宽的两倍。

note: type: Title ====
en: Field name templates
zh: 字段名称模板

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup field name templates
zh: 原理图设置字段名称模板

note: type: Plain text
en: Field name templates are empty symbol fields that are automatically added to all symbols in the schematic. These can be useful when every symbol in the schematic needs additional fields beyond the fields that are defined in the library symbols, for example a field for the manufacturer's part number.
zh: 字段名称模板是空的符号字段，会自动添加到原理图中的所有符号。 当原理图中的每个符号都需要在符号中定义的默认字段之外的其他字段时，这可能很有用，例如制造商部件号的字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Template fields can be set as visible or invisible, and can also be set as URL fields.
zh: 模板字段可以设置为可见或不可见，也可以设置为URL 字段。

note: type: Plain text
en: Field name templates that are defined in schematic setup apply only to the current project. Field name templates can also be defined in <<preferences-field-name-templates,Preferences>>, which apply to all projects edited on your computer.
zh: 在原理图设置中定义的字段名称模板仅适用于当前项目。 字段名称模板也可以在<<preferences-field-name-templates,偏好设置>>中定义，它适用于在您的计算机上编辑的所有项目。

note: type: Title ====
en: ERC violation severity and pin conflicts map
zh: ERC 违规严重性和管脚冲突映射

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Violation Severity** panel lets you configure what types of ERC messages should be reported as Errors, Warnings, or ignored.
zh: **违规严重性** 面板可让您配置应将哪些类型的 ERC 消息报告为错误、警告或忽略。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Pin Conflicts Map** allows you to configure connectivity rules to define electrical conditions for errors and warnings based on what types of pins are connected to each other. For example, by default an error is produced when an output pin is connected to another output pin.
zh: **引脚冲突映射** 允许您配置连接规则，以根据相互连接的引脚类型定义错误和警告的电气条件。 例如，默认情况下，当输出引脚连接到另一个输出引脚时会产生错误。

note: type: Plain text
en: These panels are explained in more detail in the <<erc-configuration,ERC section>>.
zh: 这些面板在 <<ERC - 配置，ERC 章节>> 中有更详细的解释。

note: type: Title ====
en: Net classes
zh: 网络类

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Net Classes** panel allows you to manage netclasses for the project and assign nets to netclasses with patterns. Managing netclasses in this panel is equivalent to managing them in the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[Board Setup dialog].  Nets can also be assigned to netclasses in the schematic using graphical assignments with <<netclass-directive,net class directives>> or <<label-netclass,net labels>>.
zh: **网络类** 面板允许您管理项目的网络类，并使用模式将网络分配给网络类。 在此面板中管理网络类等同于在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-net-classes[电路板设置对话框] 管理它们。 也可以使用带有 <<网络类 - 标识符，网络类标识符>>或 <<标签 - 网络类，网络标签>> 的图形分配方法将网络分配给原理图中的网络类。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pattern-based netclass assigment is explained in more detail in the <<schematic-setup-netclasses,net classes section>>.
zh: 基于模式的网络类分配在 <<schematic-setup-netclasses,网络类章节>> 中有更详细的解释。

note: type: Title ====
en: Bus alias definitions
zh: 总线别名的定义

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Bus Alias Definitions** panel allows you to create bus aliases, which are names for groups of signals in a bus. For more information about bus aliases, see the <<bus-aliases,bus alias documentation>>.
zh: **总线别名定义** 面板允许您创建总线别名，这是总线中信号组的名称。 有关总线别名的更多信息，请参阅 <<总线-别名，总线别名文档>>。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Schematic setup text variables
zh: 原理图设置文本变量

note: type: Plain text
en: Text replacement variables can be created in the Text Variables section. These variables allow you to substitute the variable name for any text string. This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh: 文本替换变量可以在文本变量部分创建。 这些变量允许您用变量名替换任何文本字符串。 这种替换发生在变量名称在 `${VARIABLENAME}` 的变量替换语法中使用的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, you could create a variable named `VERSION` and set the text substitution to `1.0`. Now, in any text object on the PCB, you can enter `${VERSION}` and KiCad will substitute `1.0`. If you change the substitution to `2.0`, every text object that includes `${VERSION}` will be updated automatically. You can also mix regular text and variables. For example, you can create a text object with the text `Version: ${VERSION}` which will be substituted as `Version: 1.0`.
zh: 例如，您可以创建一个名为 `VERSION` 的变量并将文本替换设置为“1.0”。 现在，在 PCB 上的任何文本对象中，您可以输入 `${VERSION}`，KiCad 将其替换为 `1.0`。 如果将文本替换更改为 `2.0`，则包含 `${VERSION}` 的每个文本对象都将自动更新。 您还可以混合使用常规文本和变量。 例如，您可以使用文本 `Version: ${VERSION}` 创建一个文本对象，它将被替换为 `Version: 1.0`。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text variables can also be created in xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[Board Setup].  Text variables are project-wide; variables created in the schematic editor are also available in the board editor, and vice versa.
zh: 文本变量也可以在 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#board-setup-text-variables[电路板设置]中创建。 文本变量是项目范围的； 在原理图编辑器中创建的变量在电路板编辑器中也可用，反之亦然。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are also a number of <<text-variables,built-in system text variables>>.
zh: 还有一些<<text-variables,内置系统文本变量>>。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Rescue conflicts dialog
zh: 恢复冲突对话框

note: type: Title ==
en: Forward and back annotation
zh: 正向和反向批注

note: type: Title ===
en: Update PCB from Schematic (forward annotation)
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB（正向批注）

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the Update PCB from Schematic tool to sync design information from the Schematic Editor to the Board Editor. The tool can be accessed with **Tools** -> **Update PCB from Schematic** (kbd:[F8]) in both the schematic and board editors. You can also use the image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[Update PCB from Schematic icon] icon in the top toolbar of the Board Editor. This process is often called forward annotation.
zh: 使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将设计信息从原理图编辑器同步到电路板编辑器。在原理图编辑器和电路板编辑器中都可以用 **工具** -> **从原理图更新 PCB**（kbd:[F8]）来访问该工具。你也可以使用电路板编辑器顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[从原理图更新 PCB]图标。这个过程通常被称为正向批注。

note: type: Plain text
en: Update PCB from Schematic is the preferred way to transfer design information from the schematic to the PCB. In older versions of KiCad, the equivalent process was to export a netlist from the Schematic Editor and import it into the Board Editor. It is no longer necessary to use a netlist file.
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB 是将设计信息从原理图转移到 PCB 的首选方法。在旧版本的 KiCad 中，相应的过程是将网表从原理图编辑器中导出并导入到电路板编辑器中。现在已经没有必要使用网表文件了。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update PCB from schematic
zh: 从原理图更新 PCB

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool adds the footprint for each symbol to the board and transfers updated schematic information to the board. In particular, the board's net connections are updated to match the schematic. Symbols with the <<editing-symbol-properties,**Exclude from board** attribute>> are not transferred to the PCB.
zh: 该工具将每个符号的封装添加到电路板上，并将更新的原理图信息传输到电路板上。同时，电路板的网络连接会被更新以匹配原理图。带有<<editing-symbol-properties,**排除在电路板**属性之外>> 的符号不会被更新到 PCB 上。

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the PCB are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The PCB is not modified until you click the **Update PCB** button.
zh: 将对 PCB 进行的修改列在 _待应用修改_ 窗格中。点击 **更新 PCB** 按钮之前，PCB 不会被修改。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can show or hide different types of messages using the checkboxes at the bottom of the window. A report of the changes can be saved to a file using the **Save...** button.
zh: 你可以使用窗口底部的复选框来显示或隐藏不同类型的信息。可以使用 **保存...** 按钮将更改的报告保存到文件中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Options
zh: 选项

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool has several options to control its behavior.
zh: 该工具有几个选项可以控制其行为。

note: type: Table
en: | Option | Description
    
    | Re-link footprints to schematic symbols based on their reference designators
    | Footprints are normally linked to schematic symbols via a unique identifier
    created when the symbol is added to the schematic. A symbol's unique identifier
    cannot be changed.
    
    If checked, each footprint in the PCB will be re-linked to the symbol that has
    the same reference designator as the footprint.
    
    If unchecked, footprints and symbols will be linked by unique identifier as
    usual, rather than by reference designator. Each footprint's reference
    designator will be updated to match the reference designator of its linked
    symbol.
    
    This option should generally be left unchecked. It is useful for specific
    workflows that rely on changing the links between schematic symbols and
    footprints, such as refactoring a schematic for easier layout or replicating
    layout between identical channels of a design.
    
    | Delete footprints with no symbols
    | If checked, any footprint in the PCB without a corresponding symbol in the
    schematic will be deleted from the PCB. Footprints with the "Not in schematic"
    attribute will be unaffected.
    
    If unchecked, footprints without a corresponding symbol will not be deleted.
    
    | Replace footprints with those specified in the schematic
    | If checked, footprints in the PCB will be replaced with the footprint that is
    specified in the corresponding schematic symbol.
    
    If unchecked, footprints that are already in the PCB will not be changed, even
    if the schematic symbol is updated to specify a different footprint.
zh: | 选项 | 描述
    
    | 根据位号将封装重新链接到原理图符号上
    | 封装通常是通过符号添加到原理图中时创建的唯一标识符与原理图符号相连。符号的唯一标识符不能被改变。
    
    如果选中，PCB 中的每个封装将被重新链接到与该封装具有相同位号的符号上。
    
    如果不勾选，封装和符号将像往常一样通过唯一的标识符连接，而不是通过位号。每个封装的位号将被更新以匹配其链接符号的位号。
    
    这个选项一般不应该被选中。它对于依赖改变原理图符号和封装之间的联系的特定工作流程是很有用的，例如重构原理图以方便布局，或者在设计的相同通道之间复制布局。
    
    | 删除没有符号的封装
    | 如果选中，PCB 中任何在原理图中没有相应符号的封装都将从 PCB 中删除。带有 "不在原理图中" 属性的封装将不受影响。
    
    如果不勾选，没有相应符号的封装将不会被删除。
    
    | 用原理图中指定的封装替换封装
    | 如果选中，PCB 中的封装将被替换成相应原理图符号中指定的封装。
    
    如果不勾选，即使原理图符号被更新以指定不同的封装，PCB 中已经存在的封装也不会被改变。

note: type: Title ===
en: Update Schematic from PCB (back annotation)
zh: 从 PCB 上更新原理图（反向批注）

note: type: Plain text
en: The typical workflow in KiCad is to make changes in the schematic and then sync the changes to the board using the Update PCB From Schematic tool. However, the reverse process is also possible: design changes can be made in the board and then synced back to the schematic using **Tools** -> **Update Schematic From PCB** in either the schematic or board editors. This process is also known as backannotation.
zh: KiCad 的典型工作流程是在原理图中进行修改，然后使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将修改内容同步到电路板上。然而，相反的过程也是可行的：可以在电路板上进行设计修改，然后在原理图或电路板编辑器中使用 **工具** -> **从 PCB 更新原理图** 同步回原理图。这个过程也被称为 "反向批注"。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update schematic from PCB
zh: 从 PCB 上更新原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the schematic are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The schematic is not modified until you click the **Update Schematic** button.
zh: 将对原理图进行的修改列在 _待应用的修改_ 窗格中。在您点击 **更新原理图** 按钮之前，原理图不会被修改。

note: type: Plain text
en: The xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#geographical-re-annotation[Geographical Reannotation]
          feature can be used in combination with backannotating reference
          designators to reannotate all components in the design based on their
          location in the layout.
zh: The xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#geographical-re-annotation[按位置重新批注]
          该功能可以与反向批注位号结合使用
          根据设计中的元件的位置重新批注所有元件。

note: type: Title ====
en: Back annotation with CMP files
zh: 用 CMP 文件进行反向批注

note: type: Plain text
en: Select changes can also be synced from the PCB back to the schematic by exporting a CMP file from the PCB editor (**File** -> **Export** -> **Footprint Association (.cmp) File...**) and importing it in the Schematic Editor (**File** -> **Import** -> **Footprint Assignments...**).
zh: 通过从 PCB 编辑器中导出 CMP 文件（**文件** -> **导出** -> **封装关联（.cmp）文件...**）并在原理图编辑器中导入（**文件** -> **导入** -> **封装分配...**），也可以将变化从 PCB 同步到原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: This method can only sync changes made to footprint assignments and footprint fields. It is recommended to use the Update Schematic from PCB tool instead.
zh: 这种方法只能同步对封装分配和封装字段的修改。建议使用 "从 PCB 更新原理图" 工具来代替。

note: type: Title ==
en: Simulator
zh: 仿真器

note: type: Title ===
en: Value notation
zh: 值的表示

note: type: Plain text
en: The simulator supports several notations for writing numerical values:
zh: 仿真器支持多种书面的数值表示法：

note: type: Plain text
en: Plain notation : `10100`, `0.003`,
zh: 简单表示法 : `10100`, `0.003`,

note: type: Plain text
en: Scientific notation: `1.01e4`, `3e-3`,
zh: 科学表示法: `1.01e4`, `3e-3`,

note: type: Plain text
en: Prefix notation: `10.1k`, `3m`.
zh: 前缀表示法: `10.1k`, `3m`.

note: type: Plain text
en: RKM notation: `4k7`, `10R`.
zh: RKM 表示法: `4k7`, `10R`.

note: type: Plain text
en: <<sim-builtin,Raw SPICE Element>> models and <<sim-directives,directives>> are passed to ngspice directly, without KiCad reformatting the values for ngspice to consume. Ngspice uses a different, case-insensitive notation: 1 mega (10^6^) is denoted there as `1Meg`, while `1M` is 1 milli (10^-3^). Depending on the compatibility mode selected, ngspice may not support the same value notations as KiCad, so care should be taken when using raw SPICE elements and simulation directives.
zh: <<sim-builtin,原始 SPICE 元素>> 模型和 <<sim-directives,标识符>> 直接传递给 ngspice，无需 KiCad 重新格式化值以供 ngspice 使用。 Ngspice 使用不同的、不区分大小写的表示法：1 兆 (10^6^) 表示为`1Meg`，而 `1M` 是 1 毫 (10^-3^)。 根据所选的兼容模式，ngspice 可能不支持与 KiCad 相同的值表示法，因此在使用原始 SPICE 元素和仿真标识符时应小心。

note: type: Title ===
en: Assigning models
zh: 分配模型

note: type: Plain text
en: You need to assign simulation models to symbols before you can simulate your circuit.
zh: 您需要先将仿真模型分配给符号，然后才能仿真您的电路。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each symbol can have only one model assigned, even if the symbol consists of multiple units. For symbols with multiple units, you should assign the model to the first unit.
zh: 每个符号只能分配一个模型, 即使该符号包含多个单元也是如此。 对于具有多个单元的符号, 您应该将模型分配给第一个单元。

note: type: Plain text
en: SPICE model information is stored as text in symbol fields. Therefore you may define it in either the symbol editor or the schematic editor. To assign a simulation model to a symbol, open the Symbol Properties dialog and click the **Simulation Model...** button, which opens the Simulation Model Editor dialog.
zh: SPICE 模型信息以文本形式存储在符号字段中。 因此，您可以在符号编辑器或原理图编辑器中定义它。 要将仿真模型分配给符号，请打开符号属性对话框并单击 **仿真模型...** 按钮，这将打开仿真模型编辑器对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can exclude a symbol from simulation entirely by checking the **exclude from simulation** checkbox in the Symbol Properties dialog.
zh: 您可以通过选中“符号属性”对话框中的**从仿真中排除**复选框从仿真中排除一个符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Inferred models
zh: 推断模型

note: type: Plain text
en: Resistor, inductor, and capacitor models can be inferred, which means that KiCad will detect that they are passives and automatically assign an appropriate simulation model. Therefore they do not require any special settings; users only need to set the `Value` field of the symbol.
zh: 电阻、电感和电容的模型是可以推断，这意味着 KiCad 将检测到它们是无源的并自动分配适当的仿真模型。 因此它们不需要任何特殊设置； 用户只需要设置符号的 `值` 字段即可。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad infers simulation models for symbols based on the following criteria:
zh: KiCad 根据以下标准推断符号的仿真模型：

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol has exactly two pins,
zh: 该符号恰好有两个引脚,

note: type: Plain text
en: The reference designator begins with `R`, `L` or `C`.
zh: 位号以 `R`, `L` 或 `C` 开头。

note: type: Title ====
en: Built-in models
zh: 内置模型

note: type: Plain text
en: Transmission lines
zh: 传输线

note: type: Plain text
en: Switches
zh: 开关

note: type: Plain text
en: Voltage and current sources
zh: 电压源和电流源

note: type: Plain text
en: Diodes
zh: 二极管

note: type: Plain text
en: Raw SPICE elements
zh: 原始SPICE元素

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up built-in models
zh: 设置内置模型的界面

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/sim_SME_builtin.png
zh: images/zh/options_editing.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The **parameters** tab displays the parameters of the model and lets you edit them. For example, a resistor's resistance, a voltage source's waveform, a MOSFET's width and length, etc. Any parameters that differ from the model's defaults are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: **参数** 选项卡显示元件的参数并允许您编辑它们。 例如，电阻器的电阻、电压源的波形、MOSFET 的宽度和长度等。任何与模型默认值不同的参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **code** tab displays the generated SPICE model as it will be written to the SPICE netlist for simulation.
zh: **编码** 选项卡显示生成的 SPICE 模型，因为它将被写入 SPICE 网表以进行仿真。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Save parameter '<parameter name>' in Value field** checkbox uses the symbol's `Value` field for storing parameters instead of the `Sim.Params` field.  This may make it easier to edit simple models from the schematic, without opening the Simulation Model Editor. This option is only available for ideal passive models (R, L, C) and DC sources. If the field `Sim.Params` exists in the symbol, it will take priority over the `Value` field.
zh: **在值字段中的保存参数 '<parameter name>'** 复选框使用符号的 `值` 字段而不是 `Sim.Params` 字段来存储参数。 这可以更轻松地从原理图编辑简单模型，而无需打开仿真模型编辑器。 此选项仅适用于理想的无源模型（R、L、C）和直流电源。 如果符号中存在 `Sim.Params` 字段，它将优先于 `值` 字段。

note: type: Title ====
en: Library models
zh: 库模型

note: type: Plain text
en: To load a model from an external file, open the Simulation Model Editor dialog (**Symbol Properties** -> **Simulation Model...**) and select **SPICE model from file**.
zh: 要从外部文件加载模型，请打开仿真模型编辑器对话框（**符号属性** -> **仿真模型...**）并从文件中选择 **SPICE 模型**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up library models from file
zh: 从文件设置库模型的接口

note: type: Plain text
en: Parameters can be overridden (or additional parameters specified) using the **parameters** tab. All parameters specified in the selected model or the **parameters** tab are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: 可以使用 **parameters** 选项卡覆盖参数（或指定其他参数）。 在所选模型或 **参数** 选项卡中指定的所有参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Library models (IBIS)
zh: 库模型 (IBIS)

note: type: Plain text
en: IBIS (I/O Buffer Information Specification) files are an alternative to SPICE models for modeling the behavior of input/output buffers on digital parts. In order to load an IBIS file, users should follow the procedure for SPICE library models, but provide a `.ibs` file.
zh: IBIS（I/O 缓冲区信息规范）文件是 SPICE 模型的替代品，用于对数字部件上的输入/输出缓冲区的行为进行建模。 为了加载 IBIS 文件，用户应遵循 SPICE 库模型的相关流程，并提供一个 `.ibs` 文件。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface to set-up ibis models
zh: 设置Ibis模型的接口

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Parameters** tab lets you see and edit the parameters of the model. For each parameter, you can switch between a minimum, typical, or maximum value, as defined in the IBIS file. You can also choose the parameters of the driven waveform, depending on the pin's chosen **type**. Any parameters that differ from the defaults are stored in the symbol's `Sim.Params` field.
zh: **参数** 选项卡可让您查看和编辑模型的参数。 对于每个参数，您可以在 IBIS 文件中定义的最小值、典型值或最大值之间切换。 您还可以根据引脚选择的**类型**来选择驱动波形的参数。 任何不同于默认值的参数都存储在符号的 `Sim.Params` 字段中。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad does not ship with IBIS models for symbols. IBIS models are usually available from device manufacturers.
zh: KiCad 不附带符号的 IBIS 模型。 IBIS 模型通常可从设备制造商处获得。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's `Simulation_SPICE` symbol library provides several symbols that may be useful for IBIS simulations. `IBIS_DEVICE` can be used for device (input) pins, while `IBIS_DRIVER` can be used for simulating driver pins. There are also variants of each for differential pins.
zh: KiCad 的 `Simulation_SPICE` 符号库提供了几个可能对 IBIS 仿真有用的符号。 `IBIS_DEVICE` 可用于元件（输入）引脚，而 `IBIS_DRIVER` 可用于仿真驱动器引脚。 每个差分引脚也有类似符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Pin Assignment
zh: 引脚分配

note: type: Plain text
en: You can use the Simulation Model Editor's **Pin Assignments** tab to map the symbol's pins to the simulation model pins.
zh: 您可以使用仿真模型编辑器的 **引脚分配** 选项卡将符号的引脚映射到仿真模型引脚。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Interface for pin assignment
zh: 用于封装分配的导入工具

note: type: Title ===
en: SPICE directives
zh: SPICE 标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: It is possible to add SPICE directives by placing them in text fields on a schematic sheet. This approach is convenient for defining the default simulation type. The list of supported directives in text fields is:
zh: 可以在原理图图纸的文本字段中放置 SPICE 标识符。 这种方法便于定义默认模拟类型。 文本字段中支持的标识符列表是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Directives starting with a dot (e.g. `.tran 10n 1m`)
zh: 以点开头的标识符（例如 `.tran 10n 1m`）

note: type: Plain text
en: Coupling coefficients for inductors (e.g. `K1 L1 L2 0.89`)
zh: 电感耦合系数（例如 `K1 L1 L2 0.89`)

note: type: Plain text
en: It is not possible to place additional components using text fields.
zh: 无法使用文本字段放置其他元件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If a simulation command is included in schematic text, the simulator will use it as the simulation command when you open the simulator. However, you can override it in the Simulation Command dialog.
zh: 如果原理图文本中包含仿真命令，则当您打开仿真器时，仿真器将使用它作为仿真命令。 但是，您可以在“仿真命令”对话框中覆盖它。

note: type: Plain text
en: Refer to the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation] for more details about SPICE directives.
zh: 有关 SPICE 标识符的更多详细信息，请参阅 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档]。

note: type: Title ===
en: Running simulations
zh: 运行仿真

note: type: Title ====
en: User Interface
zh: 用户界面

note: type: Plain text
en: To run a simulation, open the SPICE simulator dialog by clicking **Inspect** -> **Simulator** in the schematics editor window or using the image:images/icons/simulator_24.png[simulator icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 要运行仿真，请在原理图编辑器窗口中单击 **检查** -> **仿真** 或使用顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/simulator_24.png[simulator icon] 按钮打开 SPICE 仿真器对话框。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Main simulation dialog
zh: 主仿真对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The dialog is divided into several sections:
zh: 该对话框分为几个部分：

note: type: Plain text
en: The top of the window has a toolbar with buttons for commonly used actions.
zh: 窗口顶部有一个工具栏，其中包含常用操作的按钮。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below the plot panel, the output console shows logs from the ngspice simulation engine.
zh: 在绘图面板下方，输出控制台显示来自 ngspice 仿真引擎的日志。

note: type: Title ====
en: Workbooks
zh: 工作簿

note: type: Title ====
en: Running a Simulation
zh: 运行仿真

note: type: Title =====
en: AC analysis
zh: 交流分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: AC analysis window
zh: 交流分析窗口

note: type: Title =====
en: DC transfer analysis
zh: 直流传输分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: DC analysis window
zh: 直流分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: The output is displayed as a plot.
zh: 输出显示为绘图。

note: type: Title =====
en: Operating point analysis
zh: 工作点分析

note: type: Title =====
en: Transient analysis
zh: 瞬态分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Transient analysis window
zh: 瞬态分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: Calculates the time-varying behavior of the circuit.
zh: 计算电路的时变行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: To run a transient analysis, you need to specify a suggested time step and a final simulation time. You can optionally specify a starting time to override the default of 0.
zh: 要运行瞬态分析，您需要指定建议的时间步长和最终仿真时间。 您可以选择指定一个开始时间来覆盖默认值 0。

note: type: Title =====
en: Custom analysis
zh: 自定义分析

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Custom analysis window
zh: 自定义分析窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: A custom analysis lets you write SPICE commands to set up the analysis. Press the **Load directives from schematic** button to copy any SPICE directives in schematic text into the custom analysis textbox.
zh: 自定义分析让您可以编写 SPICE 命令来设置分析。 按**从原理图中加载标识符**按钮，将原理图文本中的任何 SPICE 标识符复制到自定义分析文本框中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Refer to the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation] for more information about analysis commands.
zh: 有关分析命令的更多信息，请参阅 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档]。

note: type: Title =====
en: Additional simulation settings
zh: 额外的仿真设置

note: type: Plain text
en: There are several simulation options that apply to all types of simulations.
zh: 有几个仿真选项适用于所有类型的模拟。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Compatibility mode** dropdown selects the compatibility mode that the simulator uses to load models. The **User configuration** option refers to the user's `.spiceinit` ngspice configuration file. Compatibility modes are described in the https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice documentation].
zh: **兼容模式**下拉列表选择仿真器用于加载模型的兼容模式。 **用户配置** 选项是指用户的 `.spiceinit` ngspice 配置文件。 兼容模式在 https://ngspice.sourceforge.io/docs.html[ngspice 文档] 中进行了描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Probing signals
zh: 探测信号

note: type: Title =====
en: Using the signal list
zh: 使用信号列表

note: type: Plain text
en: You can display a list of available signals with **Simulation** -> **Add signals** (kbd:[Ctrl+A] hotkey or image:images/icons/sim_add_signal_24.png[add signal icon] button). Double clicking an element in the list will add it to list of probed signals. Several signals can be selected at once using the kbd:[Ctrl] / kbd:[Shift] keys.
zh: 您可以使用 **仿真** -> **添加信号**（kbd:[Ctrl+A] 快捷键或 image:images/icons/sim_add_signal_24.png[添加信号图标] 按钮）显示可用信号列表。 双击列表中的元素会将其添加到探测信号列表中。 使用 kbd:[Ctrl] / kbd:[Shift] 键可以一次选择多个信号。

note: type: Title =====
en: Using the probe tool
zh: 使用探测工具

note: type: Plain text
en: A probe tool is available in the toolbar of the simulator window (image:images/icons/sim_probe_24.png[]), which provides a user-friendly way of selecting signals for plotting. When activated, users can click elements in the schematic editor. To probe a voltage, click a wire with the probe tool. When hovering over wires with the tool, the corresponding net is highlighted. To probe a current, click on a symbol pin. When hovering over a pin, the cursor will change from a voltage probe symbol to a current clamp symbol. It is not possible to probe power signals with this tool.
zh: 仿真器窗口的工具栏中提供了一个探测工具 (image:images/icons/sim_probe_24.png[])，它提供了一种友好的方式来选择信号进行绘图。 激活后，用户可以单击原理图编辑器中的元素。 要探测电压，请使用探测工具单击导线。 当使用该工具将鼠标悬停在导线上时，相应的网络会突出显示。 要探测电流，请单击符号引脚。 将鼠标悬停在引脚上时，光标将从电压探头符号变为电流钳符号。 无法使用此工具探测电源信号。

note: type: Title =====
en: Using a SPICE directive
zh: 使用SPICE标识符

note: type: Plain text
en: While ngspice supports the `.plot` directive, it cannot be used in current versions of KiCad.
zh: 虽然 ngspice 支持 `.plot` 标识符，但它不能在当前版本的 KiCad 中使用。

note: type: Title =====
en: Differential voltage
zh: 差分电压

note: type: Plain text
en: Probing differential voltages usually requires a simulation symbol. One is available in `Simulation_SPICE:VOLTMETER_DIFF` in the official libraries. This symbol has two terminals for differential voltage sensing, and one the user can probe.
zh: 探测差分电压通常需要仿真符号。 在官方库的 `Simulation_SPICE:VOLTMETER_DIFF` 中可用。 该符号有两个用于差分电压感测的端子，用户可以探测。

note: type: Plain text
en: A SPICE model called `kicad_builtin_vdiff` is preassigned to the built-in `VOLTMETER_DIFF` symbol. Users should not define a SPICE model with the same name.
zh: 名为 `kicad_builtin_vdiff` 的 SPICE 模型已预先分配给内置 `VOLTMETER_DIFF` 符号。 用户不应定义同名的 SPICE 模型。

note: type: Plain text
en: It is also possible to probe across two-terminal devices such as a resistor by placing the `.probe vd(X)` directive, where `X` is the name of the device (such as `R1`). Then in order to probe it, enter `vd_X` when adding a signal using the list of signals. Note that the signal will not appear in the list of signals, it should be typed in by the user. This method has the advantage of not adding extra symbols to the schematic sheet.
zh: 也可以通过放置 `.probe vd(X)` 标识符来探测电阻器等两端元件，其中 `X` 是设备的名称（例如 `R1`）。 为了探测它，在使用信号列表添加信号时输入 `vd_X` 。 请注意，该信号不会出现在信号列表中，它应该由用户输入。 这种方法的优点是不向原理图图纸添加额外的符号。

note: // TODO: AMMETER_DIFF is not in the official libs ===== Differential currents Probing differential currents can be performed using the `Simulation_SPICE:AMMETER_DIFF` symbol in the official libraries. It has four input terminals, and two that should be shunted together. The latter two are used for p
en: Remove a signal probe
zh: 删除信号探针

note: type: Title ====
en: Tuning components
zh: 调整元件

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[trash icon] button removes the component from the Tune panel and restores its original value.
zh: 单击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 按钮将元件从调整面板中删除并恢复其原始值。

note: type: Title ====
en: Visualizing results
zh: 可视化结果

note: type: Plain text
en: Plots can be customized by toggling grid and legend visibility using the **View** menu. When a legend is visible, it can be dragged to change its position. You can toggle the plot background from dark to light with **View** -> **White Background** and switch current and phase plots to use dotted lines instead of solid with **View** -> **Dotted Current/Phase**.
zh: 可以使用 **视图** 菜单切换网格和图例可见性来自定义绘图。 当图例可见时，可以拖动它来更改其位置。 您可以使用 **视图** -> **白色背景** 将绘图背景从暗切换到亮，并使用 **视图** -> **虚线电流/相位** 将电流和相位图切换为使用虚线而不是实线。

note: type: Plain text
en: The following interactions are possible with the plot panel:
zh: 绘图面板可以进行以下交互：

note: type: Title =====
en: Numerical values
zh: 数值

note: type: Title ====
en: Exporting results
zh: 导出结果

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's simulator offers two ways to export results:
zh: KiCad 的仿真器提供了两种导出结果的方式：

note: type: Title ====
en: Troubleshooting
zh: 查错

note: type: Title =====
en: Incorrect netlist
zh: 网表不正确

note: type: Title =====
en: Convergence problems
zh: 收敛问题

note: type: Plain text
en: In case the simulation does not converge in a reasonable amount of time (or not at all), it is possible to add the following SPICE directives.
zh: 如果仿真在合理的时间内没有收敛（或根本没有收敛），可以添加以下 SPICE 标识符。

note: type: Plain text
en: Changing convergence options can lead to erroneous results. These options should be used with caution.
zh: 更改收敛选项可能会导致错误的结果。 应谨慎使用这些选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: `gmin` is the minimum conductance allowed by the program.  The default value is `1e-12`.
zh: `gmin` 是程序允许的最小电导率。 默认值为 `1e-12`。

note: type: Plain text
en: `abstol` is the absolute current error tolerance of the program. The default value is 1 pA.
zh: `abstol` 是程序的绝对电流误差容忍度。 默认值为 1 pA。

note: type: Plain text
en: `reltol` is the relative error tolerance of the program. The default value is `0.001` (0.1%).
zh: `reltol` 是程序的相对容错度。 默认值为 `0.001`（0.1%）。

note: type: Plain text
en: `cshunt` adds a capacitor from each voltage node in the circuit to ground.
zh: `cshunt` 在电路中的每个电压节点和地之间添加一个电容器。

note: type: Title ==
en: Symbols and Symbol Libraries
zh: 符号和符号库

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad organizes symbols into symbol libraries, which hold collections of symbols. Each symbol in a schematic is uniquely identified by a full name that is composed of a library nickname and a symbol name. For example, the identifier `Audio:AD1853` refers to the `AD1853` symbol in the `Audio` library.
zh: KiCad 将符号组织到符号库中，符号库是符号的集合。原理图中的每个符号都由一个完整的名称作为唯一标识，完整的名称由库的名称和符号名称组成。例如，标识符 `Audio:AD1853` 是指 `Audio` 库中的 `AD1853` 符号。

note: type: Title ===
en: Managing symbol libraries
zh: 管理符号库

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad uses a table of symbol libraries to map a symbol library nickname to an underlying symbol library on disk.  Kicad uses a global symbol library table as well as a table specific to each project. To edit either symbol library table, use **Preferences** -> **Manage Symbol Libraries...**.
zh: KiCad 使用一个符号库表将符号库名称映射到磁盘上的符号库。 KiCad 使用一个全局的符号库表，以及一个针对每个工程的表。要编辑符号库表，请使用 **偏好设置** -> **管理符号库...**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: sym lib table dlg
zh: 符号库列表对话框

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/en/options_symbol_lib.png
zh: images/zh/options_symbol_lib.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The global symbol library table contains the list of libraries that are always available regardless of the currently loaded project. The table is saved in the file `sym-lib-table` in the KiCad configuration folder.  xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[The location of this folder] depends on the operating system being used.
zh: 全局符号库表包含了无论当前加载的工程是什么，都可以使用的库列表。该表保存在 KiCad 配置文件夹下的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。xref:./kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[该文件夹的位置] 取决于使用的操作系统。

note: type: Plain text
en: The project specific symbol library table contains the list of libraries that are available specifically for the currently loaded project. If there are any project-specific symbol libraries, the table is saved in the file `sym-lib-table` in the project folder.
zh: 工程专用的符号库表包含了专门为当前加载工程提供的库的列表。如果有任何工程专用的符号库，该表将保存在工程文件夹下的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The first time the KiCad Schematic Editor is run and the global symbol table file `sym-lib-table` is not found in the KiCad configuration folder, KiCad will guide the user through setting up a new symbol library table. This process is described <<initial-configuration,above>>.
zh: 第一次运行 KiCad 原理图编辑器时，如果在 KiCad 配置文件夹中没有找到全局符号表文件 `sym-lib-table`，KiCad 将引导用户设置一个新的符号库表。这个过程将在 <<initial-configuration,初始配置>>中描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Managing Table Entries
zh: 管理表格条目

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol libraries can only be used if they have been added to either the global or project-specific symbol library table.
zh: 符号库只有在它们被添加到全局或工程专用的符号库表中时才能使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Add a library either by clicking the image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[Folder icon] button and selecting a library or clicking the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] button and typing the path to a library file. The selected library will be added to the currently opened library table (Global or Project Specific). Libraries can be removed by selecting desired library entries and clicking the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Delete icon] button.
zh: 通过点击 image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[文件夹图标] 按钮然后选择一个库或点击 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 按钮然后输入库文件的路径来添加一个库。选定的库将被添加到当前打开的库表中（全局或特定工程）。可以通过选择所需的库条目并点击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除图标] 按钮来删除库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Libraries can be made inactive by unchecking the *Active* checkbox in the first column. Inactive libraries are still in the library table but do not appear in any library browsers and are not loaded from disk, which can reduce loading times.
zh: 通过取消选中第一列中的 *Active* 复选框，可以使库处于非活动状态。非活动状态的库仍然在库表中，但不会出现在任何库的浏览器中，也不会从磁盘加载，这可以减少加载时间。

note: type: Plain text
en: A range of libraries can be selected by clicking the first library in the range and then kbd:[Shift]-clicking the last library in the range.
zh: 通过点击范围内的第一个库，然后 kbd:[Shift] - 点击范围内的最后一个库，可以选择一系列的库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each library must have a unique nickname: duplicate library nicknames are not allowed in the same table. However, nicknames can be duplicated between the global and project library tables. Libraries in the project table take precedence over libraries with the same name in the global table.
zh: 每个库必须有一个独特的名称：在同一个表中不允许有重复的库名称。然而，名称可以在全局和工程库表中重复。工程表中的库比全局表中的同名库优先级更高。

note: type: Plain text
en: Library nicknames do not have to be related to the library filename or path. The colon character (`:`) cannot be used in library nicknames or symbol names because it is used as a separator between nicknames and symbols.
zh: 库的名称不一定要与库的文件名或路径有关。冒号字符（`:`）不能在库的名称或符号名称中使用，因为它被用作名称和符号之间的分隔符。

note: type: Plain text
en: There is an optional description field to add a description of the library entry. The option field is not used at this time so adding options will have no effect when loading libraries.
zh: 有一个可选的描述字段，用于添加库条目的描述。选项字段目前不使用，所以添加选项在加载库时不会有任何影响。

note: type: Title ====
en: Usage Patterns
zh: 使用模式

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol libraries can be defined either globally or specifically to the currently loaded project. Symbol libraries defined in the user's global table are always available and are stored in the `sym-lib-table` file in the user's KiCad configuration folder. The project-specific symbol library table is active only for the currently open project file.
zh: 符号库可以全局定义，也可以专门为当前加载的工程定义。在用户的全局表中定义的符号库总是可用的，并存储在用户的 KiCad 配置文件夹中的 `sym-lib-table` 文件中。工程专用的符号库表只对当前打开的工程文件有效。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Defining all libraries in the global table means they will always be available when needed. The disadvantage of this is that load time will increase.
zh: 每种方法都有其优点和缺点。在全局表中定义所有的库意味着它们在需要时总是可用的。这样做的缺点是，加载时间会增加。

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining all symbol libraries on a project specific basis means that you only have the libraries required for the project which decreases symbol library load times. The disadvantage is that you always have to remember to add each symbol library that you need for every project.
zh: 在工程的基础上定义所有的符号库，意味着你只有工程所需的库，这减少了符号库的加载时间。缺点是你总是要记住添加每个工程所需的每个符号库。

note: type: Plain text
en: One usage pattern would be to define commonly used libraries globally and the libraries only required for the project in the project specific library table. There is no restriction on how to define libraries.
zh: 一种使用模式是在全局范围内定义常用的库，并在工程专用的库表中定义工程所需的库。对于如何定义库没有任何限制。

note: type: Plain text
en: Libraries can also be converted one at a time by opening them in the Symbol Editor and saving them as a new library.
zh: 也可以一次转换一个库，方法是在符号编辑器中打开它们并将它们另存为新库。

note: type: Title ====
en: Legacy Project Remapping
zh: 遗留工程重新映射

note: type: Plain text
en: When loading a schematic created prior to the symbol library table implementation, KiCad will attempt to remap the symbol library links in the schematic to the appropriate library table symbols.  The success of this process is dependent on several factors:
zh: 当加载在符号库表实现之前创建的原理图时，KiCad 将尝试将原理图中的符号库链接重新映射到适当的库表符号。 这个过程的成功与否取决于几个因素：

note: type: Plain text
en: the original libraries used in the schematic are still available and unchanged from when the symbol was added to the schematic.
zh: 原理图中使用的原始库仍然可用，并且与符号被添加到原理图中时相比没有变化。

note: type: Plain text
en: all rescue operations were performed when detected to create a rescue library or keep the existing rescue library up to date.
zh: 所有恢复操作都是在检测到创建恢复库或保持现有恢复库最新时进行的。

note: type: Plain text
en: the integrity of the project symbol cache library has not been corrupted.
zh: 工程符号缓存库的完整性没有被破坏。

note: type: delimited block =
en: The remapping will make a back up of all the files that are changed during remapping in the rescue-backup folder in the project folder.  Always make a back up of your project before remapping just in case something goes wrong.
zh: 重新映射将在工程文件夹中的 `rescue-backup` 文件夹中备份所有在重新映射期间被改变的文件。 在重新映射之前，一定要对你的工程做一个备份，以防出错。

note: type: delimited block =
en: The rescue operation is performed even if it has been disabled to ensure the correct symbols are available for remapping.  Do not cancel this operation or the remapping will fail to correctly remap schematics symbols.  Any broken symbol links will have to be fixed manually.
zh: 即使恢复操作已被禁用，也会被执行，以确保正确的符号可用于重新映射。 不要取消这个操作，否则重新映射将不能正确地重新映射原理图符号。 任何错误的符号链接将不得不手动修复。

note: type: delimited block =
en: If the original libraries have been removed and the rescue was not performed, the cache library can be used as a recovery library as a last resort. Copy the cache library to a new file name and add the new library file to the top of the library list using a version of KiCad prior to the symbol library table implementation.
zh: 如果原来的库已经被删除，并且没有进行恢复，作为最后的手段，缓存库可以作为恢复库使用。将缓存库复制到一个新的文件名，并使用符号库表实现之前的 KiCad 版本将新的库文件添加到库列表的顶部。

note: type: Title ===
en: Creating and editing symbols
zh: 创建和编辑符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol is a schematic representation of a component. A symbol is composed of:
zh: 符号是一个元件的在原理图上的表述。一个符号由以下部分组成：

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphical items (lines, circles, arcs, text, etc.) that determine how symbol looks in a schematic.
zh: 图形对象（直线、圆形、圆弧、文字等），决定了符号在原理图中的外观。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins, which have both graphic properties (line, clock, inverted, low level active, etc.) and electrical properties (input, output, bidirectional, etc.) used by the Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool.
zh: 引脚，具有图形属性（直线、时钟、反相、低电平有效等）和电气属性（输入、输出、双向等），由电气规则检查（ERC）工具使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Fields, such as references, values, corresponding footprint names for PCB design, etc.
zh: 字段，如位号、值、PCB 设计的对应封装名称等。

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbols can be derived from another symbol in the same library. Derived symbols share the base symbol's graphical shape and pin definitions, but can override the base symbol's property fields (value, footprint, footprint filters, datasheet, description, etc.). Derived symbols can be used to define symbols that are similar to a base part. For example, 74LS00, 74HC00, and 7437 symbols could all be derived from a 7400 symbol. In previous versions of KiCad, derived symbols were referred to as aliases.
zh: 符号可以从同一库中的另一个符号衍生出来。派生符号共享基础符号的图形形状和引脚定义，但可以覆盖基础符号的属性字段（值、封装、封装筛选器、数据手册、描述等）。派生符号可用于定义与基本部件相似的符号。例如，74LS00、74HC00 和 7437 符号都可以从 7400 符号衍生出来。在以前的 KiCad 版本中，派生符号被称为别名。

note: type: Title ====
en: Symbol Editor overview
zh: 符号编辑器概述

note: type: Plain text
en: In general, the flow for designing a symbol involves:
zh: 一般来说，设计一个符号的流程包括：

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining if the symbol is made up of one or more units.
zh: 定义符号是否由一个或多个单元组成。

note: type: Plain text
en: Defining if the symbol has an alternate body style (also known as a De Morgan representation).
zh: 定义符号是否有替代的主体风格（也称为德摩根代号）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Designing its symbolic representation using lines, rectangles, circles, polygons and text.
zh: 使用直线、矩形、圆形、多边形和文字设计其符号外观。

note: type: Plain text
en: Adding pins by carefully defining each pin's graphical elements, name, number, and electrical property (input, output, tri-state, power output, etc.).
zh: 添加引脚，并仔细定义每个引脚的图形元素、名称、编号和电气属性（输入、输出、三态、电源输出等）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Determining if the symbol should be derived from another symbol with the same graphical design and pin definition.
zh: 确定该符号是否应从另一个具有相同图形设计和引脚定义的符号中衍生出来。

note: type: Plain text
en: Adding optional fields such as the name of the footprint used by the PCB design software and/or defining their visibility.
zh: 添加可选的字段，如 PCB 设计软件使用的封装名称和/或定义其可见性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Documenting the symbol by adding a description string and links to data sheets, etc.
zh: 通过添加描述字符串和数据手册链接来记录该符号，等等。

note: type: Plain text
en: Saving it in the desired library.
zh: 将其保存在所需的库中。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Editor main window
zh: 符号编辑器主窗口

note: type: Plain text
en: The main toolbar is at the top of the main window. It has buttons for the undo/redo commands, zoom commands, symbol properties dialogs, and unit/representation management controls.
zh: 主工具栏位于主窗口的顶部。工具栏的按钮包括撤销/重做命令、缩放命令、符号属性对话框和单元外观管理控制等。

note: type: Table
en: |image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[New symbol icon]
    |Create a new symbol in the selected library.
    
    |image:images/icons/save_24.png[Save icon]
    |Save the currently selected library. All modified symbols in the library will
    be saved.
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[Undo icon]
    |Undo last edit.
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[Redo icon]
    |Redo last undo.
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[Refresh icon]|Refresh display.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[Zoom in icon]|Zoom in.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[Zoom out icon]|Zoom out.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[Zoom to fit page icon]|Zoom to fit symbol in display.
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[Zoom to selection icon]|Zoom to fit selection.
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_ccw_24.png[Rotate counterclockwise icon]|Rotate counter-clockwise.
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_cw_24.png[Rotate clockwise icon]|Rotate clockwise.
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_h_24.png[Mirror horizontally icon]|Mirror horizontally.
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_v_24.png[Mirror vertically icon]|Mirror vertically.
    
    |image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[Symbol properties icon]
    |Edit the current symbol properties.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[Pin table icon]
    |Edit the symbol's pins in a tabular interface.
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[Datasheet icon]
    |Open the symbol's datasheet, if it is defined.
    
    |image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC icon]
    |Test the current symbol for design errors.
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[Normal body style icon]
    |Select the normal body style. The button is disabled if the current
    symbol does not have an alternate body style.
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[Alternate body style icon]
    |Select the alternate body style. The button is disabled if the current
    symbol does not have an alternate body style.
    
    |image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[alt="Unit dropdown",width="80%"]
    |Select the unit of a multi-unit symbol to display. The drop down control will
    be disabled if the current symbol is not derived from a symbol with multiple
    units.
    
    |image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[Synchronized pin edit mode icon]
    |Enable synchronized pins edit mode. When this mode is enabled, any pin
    modifications are propagated to all other symbol units. Pin number changes are
    not propagated. This mode is automatically enabled for symbols with multiple
    interchangeable units and cannot be enabled for symbols with only one unit.
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[Add symbol to schematic icon]
    |Insert current symbol into the schematic.
zh: |image:images/icons/new_component_24.png[新建符号图标] 
    |在选定的库中创建一个新的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/save_24.png[保存图标]
    |保存当前选定的库。库中所有修改过的符号都将被保存。
    
    |image:images/icons/undo_24.png[撤消图标]
    |撤销上次的编辑。
    
    |image:images/icons/redo_24.png[重做图标]
    |重做最后一次撤消。
    
    |image:images/icons/refresh_24.png[刷新图标] |刷新显示。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[放大图标]|放大。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[缩小图标]|缩小。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[放大到适合页面的图标]|放大到适合显示的符号。
    
    |image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[放大到选择图标]|放大到适合选择。
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_ccw_24.png[逆时针旋转图标]|逆时针旋转。
    
    |image:images/icons/rotate_cw_24.png[顺时针旋转图标]|顺时针旋转。
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_h_24.png[水平镜像图标]|水平镜像。
    
    |image:images/icons/mirror_v_24.png[垂直镜像图标]|垂直镜像。
    
    |image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[符号属性图标] 
    |编辑当前的符号属性。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[引脚表图标] 
    |在一个表格界面中编辑符号的引脚。
    
    |image:images/icons/datasheet_24.png[数据手册图标] 
    |打开符号的数据手册，如果它被定义的话。
    
    |image:images/icons/erc_24.png[ERC图标] 
    |测试当前符号是否有设计错误。
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan1_24.png[普通主体样式图标] 
    |选择正常的主体风格。如果当前符号没有备选的主体样式，该按钮将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[备用主体样式图标] 
    |选择备用的主体风格。如果当前的符号没有备用的主体风格，该按钮将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[alt="单元下拉",width="80%"]
    |选择要显示的多单元符号的某个单元。如果当前的符号不是来自于多单元的符号，则下拉控件将被禁用。
    
    |image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[同步引脚编辑模式图标]
    |启用同步引脚编辑模式。启用该模式后，任何引脚的修改都会传播到所有其他符号单元。引脚编号的变化不会被传播。这种模式对有多个可互换单元的符号自动启用，对只有一个单元的符号不能启用。
    
    |image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[添加符号到原理图图标]
    将当前符号插入原理图中。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some symbols are derived from other symbols. Derived symbol names are displayed in __italics__ in the treeview. If a derived symbol is opened, its symbol graphics will not be editable. Its symbol fields will be editable as normal. To edit the graphics of a base symbol and all of its derived symbols, open the base symbol.
zh: 有些符号是由其他符号衍生出来的。派生的符号名称在树状图中以 __大写字母__ 显示。如果一个派生符号被打开，它的符号图形将不能被编辑。它的符号字段将可以正常编辑。要编辑一个基本符号及其所有衍生符号的图形，请打开基本符号。

note: type: Plain text
en: Saving a modified symbol also saves all other modified symbols in the same
          library.
zh: 保存一个修改过的符号也会保存同一库中所有其他修改过的符号。

note: type: Title ====
en: Creating a new symbol
zh: 创建一个新符号

note: type: Plain text
en: A symbol name
zh: 符号名称

note: type: Plain text
en: An optional base symbol to derive the new symbol from. The new symbol will use the base symbol's graphical shape and pin configuration, but other symbol information can be modified in the derived symbol. The base symbol must be in the same library as the new derived symbol.
zh: 一个可选的基础符号，用于派生新的符号。新符号将使用基础符号的图形形状和引脚配置，但其他符号信息可以在派生符号中修改。基础符号必须与新派生符号在同一个库中。

note: type: Plain text
en: The reference designator prefix (`U`, `C`, `R`...).
zh: 位号前缀（`U`, `C`, `R`）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The number of units per package, and whether those units are interchangeable (for example a 7400 quad NAND symbol could have 4 units, one for each gate).
zh: 每个符号的单元数，以及这些单元是否可以互换（例如，一个 7400 四路 NAND 符号可以有 4 个单元，每个门一个）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If an alternate body style (sometimes referred to as a "De Morgan equivalent")  is desired.
zh: 是否需要另一种主体样式（有时被称为 "德-摩根等价"）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the symbol should be excluded from the bill of materials.
zh: 该符号是否应从物料清单中排除。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the symbol should be excluded from the PCB.
zh: 该符号是否应从 PCB 中排除。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are also several graphical options.
zh: 还有几种图形选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: The offset between the end of each pin and its pin name.
zh: 每个引脚的末端和它的引脚名称之间的偏移。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the pin number and pin name should be displayed.
zh: 是否应显示引脚编号和引脚名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: Whether the pin names should be displayed alongside the pins or at the ends of the pins inside the symbol body.
zh: 引脚名称是否应显示在引脚旁边，或显示在符号主体内的引脚末端。

note: type: Plain text
en: These properties can also be changed later in the <<symbol-properties, Symbol Properties window>>.
zh: 这些属性以后也可以在<<symbol-properties, 符号属性窗口>>中修改。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: New symbol properties
zh: 新建符号属性

note: type: Plain text
en: A new symbol will be created using the properties above and will appear in the editor as shown below.
zh: 一个新的符号将使用上述属性被创建，并将出现在编辑器中，如下图所示。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Newly created symbol
zh: 新建的符号

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol properties are set when the symbol is created but they can be modified at any point. To change the symbol properties, click on the image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[Symbol properties icon] button to show the Symbol Properties dialog. You can also double click an empty spot in the editing canvas.
zh: 符号属性是在创建符号时设置的，但它们可以在任何时候被修改。要改变符号属性，请点击 image:images/icons/part_properties_24.png[符号属性图标] 图标，显示符号属性对话框。你也在编辑画布中空白位置双击打开属性对话框。

note: type: Plain text
en: It is important to set the *number of units* and check *all units are interchangeable* and *has alternate body style*, as applicable, because these settings affect how pins and graphics are added to each symbol unit.
zh: 设置 *单元数量*，并检查 *所有单元都可互换* 和 *具有交替的主体风格*（如适用）是很重要的，因为这些设置会影响引脚和图形被添加到每个符号单元的方式。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you change the number of units per package after adding the pins to the symbol, you will need to do extra work to add pins and graphics for the additional units. The pins and graphics would have been automatically added to each unit had these properties been correctly set initially. Nevertheless, it is possible to modify these properties at any time.
zh: 如果你在向符号添加引脚后再改变符号的单元数，你将需要做额外的工作来为额外的单元添加引脚和图形。如果最初正确设置了这些属性，引脚和图形就会自动添加到每个单元。尽管如此，还是可以在任何时候修改这些属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: The graphic options *Show pin number* and *Show pin name* define the visibility of the pin number and pin name text. The option *Place pin names inside* defines the pin name position relative to the pin body.  The pin names will be displayed inside the symbol outline if the option is checked. In this case the *Pin Name Position Offset* property defines the shift of the text away from the body end of the pin. A value from `0.02` to `0.05` inches is usually reasonable.
zh: 图形选项 *显示引脚编号* 和 *显示引脚名称* 用来定义引脚编号和引脚名称文本的可见性。选项 *将引脚名称置于内部* 定义了引脚名称相对于引脚主体的位置。如果该选项被选中，引脚名称将被显示在符号的轮廓内。在这种情况下，*引脚名称位置偏移* 属性定义了文字远离引脚末端的位置。通常，0.02 到 0.05 英寸是合理的。

note: type: Plain text
en: The example below shows a symbol with the *Place pin name inside* option unchecked. Notice the position of the names and pin numbers.
zh: 下面的例子显示了一个没有勾选 *将引脚名称置于内部* 选项的符号。注意名称和引脚编号的位置。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Place pin name inside unchecked
zh: 未勾线将引脚名称置于内部

note: type: Plain text
en: In previous versions of KiCad, the symbol name was linked to the `Value` field.  This link is removed in KiCad 7.0 and later.
zh: 在以前的 KiCad 版本中，符号名称与 `值` 字段相连。 在 KiCad 7.0 及以后的版本中，这种联系被删除。

note: type: Title ====
en: Symbol Fields
zh: 符号字段

note: type: Plain text
en: The `Footprint` field, if used, contains a reference to a footprint for the symbol. The format is `LIBNAME:FOOTPRINTNAME`, where `LIBNAME` is the name of the footprint library in the footprint library table (see the xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[Footprint Library Table] section in the PCB Editor manual) and `FOOTPRINTNAME` is the name of the footprint in the library `LIBNAME`.
zh: 如果使用 `封装` 字段，则包含符号与封装关联。格式是 `LIBNAME:FOOTPRINTNAME`，其中 `LIBNAME` 是封装库表中的封装库名称（见 PCB 编辑器手册中的 xref:../pcbnew/pcbnew.adoc#managing-footprint-libraries[封装库表]部分），`FOOTPRINTNAME` 是 `LIBNAME` 库中的封装名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: A convenient way to create additional empty symbol fields is to use define
          field name templates. Field name templates define empty fields that are
          added to each symbol when it is inserted into the schematic. Field name
          templates can be defined globally (for all schematics) in the Schematic
          Editor Preferences, or they can be defined locally (specific to each
          project) in the Schematic Setup dialog.
zh: 创建额外的空符号字段的一种便捷方法是使用定义字段名称模板。字段名称模板定义空字段，当每个符号插入原理图时，这些字段会被添加到每个符号中。字段名称模板可以在原理图编辑器首选项中全局定义（针对所有原理图），也可以在原理图设置对话框中局部定义（针对每个工程）。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you want to manage a large amount of component data in symbol fields,
          consider using <<database-libraries,database libraries>>.
zh: 如果你想在符号字段中管理大量的元件数据，可以考虑使用<<database-libraries,数据库关联库>>。

note: type: Plain text
en: To edit an existing symbol field, double-click the field, select it or hover and press kbd:[E], or right-click on the field text and select **Properties...**.
zh: 要编辑一个现有的符号字段，请双击该字段，选择它或悬停并按 kbd:[E]，或右击字段文本并选择 **属性...**。

note: type: Plain text
en: The footprint filters tab is used to define which footprints are appropriate to use with the symbol. The filters can be applied in the Footprint Assignment tool so that only appropriate footprints are displayed for each symbol.
zh: 封装筛选器标签用于定义哪些封装适合与符号一起使用。筛选器可以在封装分配工具中使用，以便只显示每个符号合适的封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Multiple footprint filters can be defined. Footprints that match any of the filters will be displayed; if no filters are defined, then all footprints will be displayed.
zh: 可以定义多个封装筛选器。符合任何一个筛选器的封装将被显示；如果没有定义筛选器，那么所有的封装都将被显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: Filters can use wildcards: `\*` matches any number of characters, including zero, and `?` matches zero or one characters. For example, `SOIC-*` would match the `SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm` footprint as well as any other footprint beginning with `SOIC-`. The filter `SOT?23` matches `SOT23` as well as `SOT-23`.
zh: 筛选器可以使用通配符。`\*` 匹配任何数量的字符，包括零，而 `?` 匹配零或一个字符。例如，`SOIC-*` 将匹配 `SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm` 封装以及任何其他以 `SOIC-` 开头的封装。筛选器 `SOT?23` 匹配 `SOT23` 以及 `SOT-23`。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Footprint filters
zh: 封装筛选器

note: type: Plain text
en: To add additional units to a symbol, set the **Number of Units** property to the appropriate number in the Symbol Properties dialog. By default, symbol units are named `Unit A`, `Unit B`, etc., but you can set an arbitrary name for the current unit using **Edit** -> **Set Unit Display Name...**.
zh: 要向一个符号添加额外的单元，在符号属性对话框中将 **单元数量** 属性设置为适当的数字。默认情况下，符号单元被命名为 `单元 A`、`单元 B` 等，但你可以使用 **编辑** -> **设置单元显示名称...** 为当前单元设置一个任意的名称。

note: type: Plain text
en: To add an alternate body style, set the **Has alternate body style (De Morgan)** property in the Symbol Properties dialog.
zh: 要添加一个备用的主体样式，请在符号属性对话框中设置 **存在备用的主体样式（德摩根）** 属性。

note: type: Title =====
en: Example of a Symbol With Multiple Noninterchangeable Units
zh: 具有多个不可互换单元的符号示例

note: type: Plain text
en: For an example of a symbol with multiple units that are not interchangeable, consider a relay with 3 units per package: a coil, switch 1, and switch 2.
zh: 对于具有多个不能互换单元的符号的例子，思考一下继电器，它的符号 3 个单元：一个线圈、开关 1 和开关 2。

note: type: Plain text
en: The three units are not all the same, so *All units are interchangeable* should be deselected in the Symbol Properties dialog. Alternatively, this option could have been specified when the symbol was initially created.
zh: 这三个单元并不都是一样的，所以在符号属性对话框中应取消选择 *所有单元都可以互换*。另外，这个选项可以在最初创建符号时指定。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Uncheck all units are interchangeable
zh: 取消勾选所有单元都可互换

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit A
zh: ====== 单元 A

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit A
zh: 继电器单元 A

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit B
zh: ====== 单元 B

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit B
zh: 继电器单元 B

note: type: Plain text
en: ====== Unit C
zh: ====== 单元 C

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Relay unit C
zh: 继电器单元 C

note: type: Plain text
en: Unit A does not have the same symbol and pin layout as Units B and C, so the units are not interchangeable.
zh: 单元 A 与单元 B、单元 C 的符号和引脚布局不一样，所以这些单元不能互换。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Graphic line properties
zh: 图形线属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The properties of a graphic element are:
zh: 图形元素的属性是：

note: type: Title ====
en: Symbol Pins
zh: 符号引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: You can create and insert a pin by clicking on the image:images/icons/pin_24.png[Pin icon] button. Pin properties can be edited by double clicking on the pin. You can also delete or move pins that you have already added. Pins must be created carefully, because any error will have consequences on the PCB design.
zh: 可以点击 image:images/icons/pin_24.png[引脚图标] 按钮来创建和插入一个引脚。可以通过双击引脚来编辑引脚的属性。也可以删除或移动你已经添加的引脚。必须小心地创建引脚，因为任何错误都会对 PCB 设计产生影响。

note: type: Plain text
en: A pin is defined by its graphical representation, its name, and its number. The pin's name and number can contain letters, numbers, and symbols, but not spaces.  For the Electrical Rules Check (ERC) tool to be useful, the pin's electrical type (input, output, tri-state...) must also be defined correctly. If this type is not defined properly, the schematic ERC check results may be invalid.
zh: 一个引脚是由它的图形表示、名称和编号定义的。引脚的名称和编号可以包含字母、数字和符号，但不能包含空格。 为了使电气规则检查（ERC）工具发挥作用，引脚的电气类型（输入、输出、三态...）也必须被正确定义。如果这个类型定义不正确，原理图上的 ERC 检查结果可能是无效的。

note: type: Plain text
en: Important notes:
zh: 要点：

note: type: Plain text
en: Symbol pins are matched to footprint pads by number. The pin number in the symbol must match the corresponding pad number in the footprint.
zh: 符号的引脚按编号与封装的焊盘相匹配。符号中的引脚编号必须与封装中相应的焊盘编号相对应。

note: type: Plain text
en: Do not use spaces in pin names and numbers. Spaces will be automatically replaced with underscores (`_`).
zh: 不要在引脚名称和数字中使用空格。空格将被自动替换成下划线（`_`）。

note: type: Plain text
en: To define a pin name with an inverted signal (overbar) use the `~` (tilde) character followed by the text to invert in braces.  For example `~{FO}O` would display [overline]#FO# O.
zh: 要定义带有反转信号（上划线）的引脚名称，请使用 `~` （波浪号）字符后跟文本以在大括号中反转。 例如 `~{FO}O` 会显示 [overline]#FO# O。

note: type: Plain text
en: If the pin name is empty, the pin is considered unnamed.
zh: 如果引脚名称为空，则认为该引脚未被命名。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin names can be repeated in a symbol.
zh: 引脚名称可以在一个符号中重复。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin numbers must be unique in a symbol.
zh: 引脚编号在一个符号中必须是唯一的。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Properties
zh: 引脚属性

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin properties
zh: 引脚属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin properties dialog allows you to edit all of the characteristics of a pin. This dialog pops up automatically when you create a pin or when double-clicking on an existing pin. This dialog allows you to modify:
zh: 引脚属性对话框允许你编辑引脚的所有属性。当你创建一个引脚或双击一个现有的引脚时，这个对话框会自动弹出。对话框允许你修改：

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin name and text size.
zh: 引脚名称和文字大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin number and text size.
zh: 引脚编号和文字大小。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin length.
zh: 引脚的长度。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pin electrical type and graphical style.
zh: 引脚的电气类型和图形风格。

note: type: Plain text
en: Unit and alternate representation membership.
zh: 单元和备用主体。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pin visibility.
zh: 引脚可见性。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<alternate-pin-definitions,Alternate pin definitions>>.
zh: 《备用引脚定义，备用引脚定义》。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Graphic Styles
zh: 引脚图形样式

note: type: Plain text
en: The different pin graphic styles are shown in the figure below. These styles are purely graphical and do not affect the pin's electrical type.
zh: 不同的引脚图形风格如下图所示。这些样式是纯粹的图形，不影响引脚的电气类型。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin graphic styles
zh: 引脚图形样式

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Electrical Types
zh: 引脚电气类型

note: type: Plain text
en: Choosing the correct electrical type is important for the schematic ERC tool.  ERC will check that pins are connected appropriately, for example ensuring that input pins are driven and power inputs receive power from an appropriate source.
zh: 选择正确的电气类型对原理图 ERC 工具很重要。 ERC 将检查引脚的连接是否恰当，例如，确保输入引脚被驱动，电源输入从适当的来源接收电源。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pushing Pin Properties to Other Pins
zh: 将引脚属性推送到其他引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: You can apply the length, name size, or number size of a pin to the other pins in the symbol by right clicking the pin and selecting **Push Pin Length**, **Push Pin Name Size**, or **Push Pin Number Size**, respectively. All other pins in the symbol will be updated.
zh: 你可以通过右击一个引脚，并分别选择 **推送引脚长度**、**推送引脚名称大小** 或 **推送引脚编号大小**，将该引脚的长度、名称大小或数字大小应用于符号中的其他引脚。符号中的所有其他引脚将被更新。

note: type: Title =====
en: Defining Pins for Multiple Units and Alternate Symbolic Representations
zh: 为多个单元和备用主体样式定义引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol library editor allows the simultaneous creation of pins. By default, changes made to a pin are made for all units of a multiple unit symbol and to both representations for symbols with an alternate symbolic representation.  The only exception to this is the pin's graphical type and name, which remain unlinked between symbol units and body styles. This dependency was established to allow for easier pin creation and editing in most cases. This dependency can be disabled by toggling the image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[Synchronized pin edit mode icon] icon on the main tool bar. This will allow you to create pins for each unit and representation completely independently.
zh: 符号库编辑器允许同时创建引脚。默认情况下，对引脚所做的修改是针对一个多单元符号的所有单元，以及对具有替代符号主题样式的两种表示法。 唯一的例外是引脚的图形类型和名称，它们在符号单元和主体样式之间保持无关联。建立这种依赖关系是为了在大多数情况下更容易创建和编辑引脚。这个依赖关系可以通过切换主工具栏上的 image:images/icons/pin2pin_24.png[同步引脚编辑模式图标] 图标来禁用。这将允许你完全独立地为每个单元和代表创建引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pins can be common or specific to different units. Pins can also be common to both symbolic representations or specific to each symbolic representation. When a pin is common to all units, it only has to drawn once. Pins are set as common or specific in the pin properties dialog.
zh: 引脚可以是共用的，也可以是不同单元所特有的。引脚可以是两个符号主体样式共有的，也可以是每个符号主体特有的。当一个引脚对所有单元都通用时，它只需要绘制一次。引脚可以在引脚属性对话框中设置为通用或特定。

note: type: Plain text
en: An example is the output pin in the 7400 quad dual input NAND gate. Since there are four units and two symbolic representations, there are eight separate output pins defined in the symbol definition. When creating a new 7400 symbol, unit A of the normal symbolic representation will be shown in the library editor. To edit the pin style in the alternate symbolic representation, it must first be enabled by clicking the image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[Alternate representation icon] button on the tool bar. To edit the pin number for each unit, select the appropriate unit using the image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[unit selection dropdown] drop down control.
zh: 一个例子是 7400 四路双输入 NAND 门的输出引脚。由于有四个单元和两个符号表示，在符号定义中有八个独立的输出引脚。当创建一个新的 7400 符号时，常用主体样式的单元 A 将显示在库编辑器中。要编辑备用主体样式中的引脚，必须首先通过点击工具栏上的 image:images/icons/morgan2_24.png[备用表示法图标] 按钮切换到备用样式。要编辑各个单元的引脚编号，请使用 image:images/symbol_editor_unit_selector.png[单元选择下拉] 下拉控件选择合适的单元。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin Table
zh: 引脚表

note: type: Plain text
en: Another way to edit pins is to use the Pin Table, which is accessible via the image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[Pin table icon] icon. The Pin Table displays all of the pins in the symbol and their properties in a table view, so it is useful for making bulk pin changes.
zh: 另一种编辑引脚的方法是使用引脚表，可以通过 image:images/icons/pin_table_24.png[引脚表图标] 图标访问。引脚表以表格的形式显示符号中的所有引脚及其属性，所以它对批量修改引脚很有用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Any pin property can be edited by clicking on the appropriate cell. Pins can be added and removed with the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] and image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Trash icon] icons, respectively.
zh: 任何引脚属性都可以通过点击相应的单元格进行编辑。可以用 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 和 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[垃圾桶图标] 图标分别添加和删除引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can edit the same property for multiple pins simultaneously by grouping pins.  Pins can be automatically grouped by name, or you manually group several pins by selecting them and clicking **Group Selected**. Click the image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[] button to clear the manual grouping.  You can also filter the table to only display pins in certain units.
zh: 可以通过分组来同时编辑多个引脚的同一属性。 引脚可以按名称自动分组，也可以通过选择几个引脚并点击 **选择的分组** 来手动分组。点击 image:images/icons/small_refresh_16.png[] 按钮来清除手动分组。 你也可以过滤表格，只显示某些单元的引脚。

note: type: Plain text
en: Columns of the pin table can be shown or hidden by right-clicking on the header row and checking or unchecking additional columns. Some columns are hidden by default.
zh: 通过右键单击标题行并勾选或取消附加列，可以显示或隐藏引脚表的各列。有些列是默认隐藏的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Pin table
zh: 引脚表

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Alternate pin definitions
zh: 备用引脚定义

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Selecting an alternate pin definition
zh: 选择一个备用引脚定义

note: type: Title ====
en: Creating Power Symbols
zh: 创建电源符号

note: type: Plain text
en: It may be useful to place power symbols in a dedicated library. KiCad's symbol library places power symbols in the `power` library, and users may create libraries to store their own power symbols. If the *Define as power symbol* box is checked in a symbol's properties, that symbol will appear in the Schematic Editor's *Add Power Symbol* dialog for convenient access.
zh: 将电源符号放在一个专门的库中可能是有用的。KiCad 的符号库将电源符号放在 `power` 库中，用户可以创建库来存储自己的电源符号。如果在符号的属性中勾选了 *定义为电源符号* 框，该符号就会出现在原理图编辑器的 *添加电源符号* 对话框中，以便于访问。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below is an example of a `GND` power symbol.
zh: 下面是一个 `GND` 电源符号的例子。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Editing a power symbol
zh: 编辑电源符号

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Power symbol pin
zh: 电源符号引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: To create a power symbol, use the following steps:
zh: 要创建一个电源符号，请使用以下步骤：

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the shape tools to draw the symbol graphics.
zh: 使用形状工具来绘制符号图形。

note: type: Plain text
en: Set the symbol reference and uncheck the *Show* box. The reference text is not important except for the first character, which should be `\#`. For the power symbol shown above, the reference could be `#GND`. Symbols with references that begin with `#` are not added to the PCB, are not included in Bill of Materials exports or netlists, and they cannot be assigned a footprint in the footprint assignment tool. If a power symbol's reference does not begin with `#`, the character will be inserted automatically when the annotation or footprint assignment tools are run.
zh: 设置符号的位号并取消勾选 *显示* 框。位号第一个字符应为 `\#` ，后续文本并不重要。对于上面所示的电源符号，位号可以是  `#GND`。位号以 `#` 开头的符号不会被添加到 PCB 上，不包括在物料清单的输出或网表中，也不会在封装分配工具中分配一个封装。如果一个电源符号的位号不是以  `\#` 开头，当运行批注或封装分配工具时，该符号会被自动插入到符号表中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Checking Symbols
zh: 检查符号

note: type: Plain text
en: The Symbol Editor can check for common issues in your symbols. Run the symbol checker using the image:images/icons/erc_24.png[symbol checker icon] button in the top toolbar.
zh: 符号编辑器可以检查符号中的常见问题。使用顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/erc_24.png[符号检查器图标] 按钮运行符号检查器。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: symbol checker detecting an off-grid pin
zh: 符号检查器检测到一个不在网格上的引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: The symbol checker checks for:
zh: 符号检查器检查的是：

note: type: Plain text
en: Illegal reference designator prefixes: reference designator prefixes should not end with a number or `?`
zh: 非法的位号前缀：位号前缀不能用数字或 `?`

note: type: Plain text
en: Incorrectly designed <<power-symbols,power symbols>>. Power symbols should have:
zh: 设计不正确的《电源符号，电源符号》。电源符号应该有：

note: type: Plain text
en: A single unit
zh: 单个引脚

note: type: Plain text
en: No alternate body styles
zh: 没有备用的主体样式

note: type: Plain text
en: A single pin which is either of type Power Output (see <<pwr-flag,PWR_FLAG>>) or visible and of type Power Input (see <<power-symbols,power symbols>>)
zh: 单个引脚，其类型为电源输出（见《电源标记，电源标记》），或可见且类型为电源输入（见《电源符号，电源符号》）。

note: type: Plain text
en: <<hidden-power-pins,Hidden Power Input pins>> in non-power symbols: these create implicit connections and are not recommended
zh: 在非电源符号中，出现了《隐藏的电源输入引脚，隐藏的电源输入引脚》：这将产生隐形的连接，不推荐使用

note: type: Title ===
en: Browsing symbol libraries
zh: 浏览符号库

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Symbol Library Browser
zh: 符号库浏览器

note: type: Plain text
en: Double clicking the name of a symbol or using the image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[Add symbol to schematic icon] button adds the symbol to the schematic.
zh: 双击符号名称或使用 image:images/icons/add_symbol_to_schematic_24.png[添加符号到原理图图标] 按钮将符号添加到原理图中。
