Pcbnew_zh_CN - en to zh_CN translation catalogue (462 entries)

note: Note to translators: you do not need to translate this table by hand. It is generated from KiCad using the Dump Hotkeys button that is shown in the hotkeys editor if you add the line `HotkeysDumper=1` to your advanced config file (`kicad_advanced` file in the config directory) type: Title ===
en: PCB Editor
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器

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en: This manual is in the process of being revised to cover the latest stable
          release version of KiCad.  It contains some sections that have not yet
          been completed.  We ask for your patience while our volunteer technical
          writers work on this task, and we welcome new contributors who would like
          to help make KiCad's documentation better than ever.
zh_CN: 本手册正在修订中，以涵盖KiCad的最新稳定发布版本。 它包含一些内容尚未编写完成。
    我们希望您能耐心等待我们的志愿技术作者完成这项工作。
    同时我们也欢迎新的贡献者加入我们的行列，帮助我们使 KiCad 的文档比以前更好。

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en: All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.
zh_CN: 本指南中的所有商标均属于其合法所有者。

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en: Actions reference
zh_CN: 操作参考

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en: Below is a list of every available *action* in the PCB Editor: a command that can be assigned to a hotkey.
zh_CN: 下面是 “PCB 编辑器” 中可用的 *操作* 的列表：可以为这些命令分配给快捷键。

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available in the PCB Editor. Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh_CN: 可以在 “PCB 编辑器” 中使用以下操作。可以在偏好设置中的 **快捷键** 部分为以下任何操作分配快捷键。

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en: Action
zh_CN: 操作

note: type: Table
en: Design Rules Checker
zh_CN: 设计规则检查器

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en: 3D Viewer
zh_CN: 3D 查看器

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available in the 3D Viewer. Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh_CN: 以下动作可在 3D 浏览器中使用。快捷键可以分配给偏好设置中的 **快捷键** 部分的任何这些操作。

note: type: Title ===
en: Common
zh_CN: 通用

note: NOTE: this text between the section header and the table is *required* or asciidoctor-web-pdf will not insert page breaks in the table correctly and the PDF will be truncated. type: Plain text
en: The actions below are available across KiCad, including in the PCB Editor. Hotkeys can be assigned to any of these actions in the **Hotkeys** section of the preferences.
zh_CN: 以下操作在整个 KiCad 中都可用，包括在 PCB 编辑器中。快捷键可以分配给偏好设置中的 **快捷键** 部分的任何操作。

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en: Advanced topics
zh_CN: 高级主题

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en: Configuration and Customization
zh_CN: 配置和自定义

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en: The KiCad PCB Editor has a variety of preferences that can be configured through the Preferences dialog. Like all parts of KiCad, the preferences for the PCB Editor are stored in the user configuration directory and are independent between KiCad minor versions to allow multiple versions to run side-by-side with independent preferences.
zh_CN: KiCad PCB 编辑器有多种偏好设置，可通过偏好设置对话框进行配置。和 KiCad 的所有部分一样，PCB 编辑器的偏好设置存储在用户配置目录中，并且在 KiCad 的小版本之间是独立的，以允许多个版本的偏好设置分别运行。

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en: The first sections of the Preferences dialog (Common, Mouse and Touchpad, and Hotkeys) are shared between all KiCad programs. These sections are described in detail in the KiCad manual under the "Common preferences" section.
zh_CN: 偏好设置对话框的第一部分（通用、鼠标和触摸板以及快捷键）是所有 KiCad 程序共享的。这些部分在 KiCad 手册中的 "常规偏好设置" 部分有详细描述。

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en: Display options
zh_CN: 显示选项

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en: Grid snapping can be temporarily disabled by holding down kbd:[Ctrl].
zh_CN: 按住 kbd:[Ctrl] 可以暂时禁用网格捕捉。

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en: Editing options
zh_CN: 编辑选项

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en: images/pcbnew_preferences_editing.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_preferences_editing.png

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en: Colors
zh_CN: 颜色

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en: images/pcbnew_preferences_colors.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_preferences_colors.png

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en: Color themes are stored in JSON files located in the `colors` subdirectory of the KiCad configuration directory.  The "Open Theme Folder" button will open this location in your system file manager, making it easy to manage your installed themes. To install a new theme, place it in this folder and restart KiCad. The new theme will be available from the drop-down list of color themes if the file is a valid color theme file.
zh_CN: 颜色主题存储在位于 KiCad 配置目录的 `Colors` 子目录中的 JSON 文件中。“打开主题文件夹” 按钮将在您的系统文件管理器中打开此位置，使您可以轻松地管理已安装的主题。要安装新主题，请将其放在此文件夹中，然后重新启动 KiCad。如果文件是有效的颜色主题文件，则从颜色主题下拉列表中可以看到新主题。

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en: To create a new color theme, choose New Theme... from the drop-down list of color themes.  Enter a name for your theme and then begin editing colors.  The colors in the new theme will be copied from whatever theme was selected before you created the new theme.
zh_CN: 要创建一个新的颜色主题，从颜色主题的下拉列表中选择 “新主题...”。  为你的主题输入一个名称，然后开始编辑颜色。  新主题中的颜色将从你创建新主题之前选择的任何主题中复制。

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en: To change a color, double-click or middle-click the color swatch in the list.  The "Reset to Default" button will reset that color to its corresponding entry in the "KiCad Default" color theme.
zh_CN: 要更改颜色，请双击或中键单击列表中的色样。“重置为默认值” 按钮会将该颜色重置为 “KiCad 默认” 颜色主题中的相应条目。

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en: Color themes are saved automatically; all changes are reflected immediately when you close the Preferences dialog.  The window on the right side of the dialog shows a preview of how the selected theme will look.
zh_CN: 颜色主题会自动保存；当您关闭 "偏好设置" 对话框时，所有更改都会立即反映出来。对话框右侧的窗口显示所选主题外观的预览。

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en: Action plugins
zh_CN: 操作插件

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en: images/pcbnew_preferences_action_plugins.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_preferences_action_plugins.png

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en: The KiCad PCB editor supports plugins written in Python that can perform actions on the board being edited.  These plugins can be installed using the built-in Plugin and Content Manager (see the KiCad chapter for details) or by placing the plugin files inside the user plugins directory.  See the Scripting section below for details.
zh_CN: KiCad PCB 编辑器支持用 Python 编写的插件，对正在编辑的电路板进行操作。  这些插件可以使用内置的 “插件和内容管理器” 来安装（详见 KiCad 章节），或者将插件文件放在用户的插件目录中。  详见下面的脚本部分。

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en: Each plugin that is detected will be shown in a row on this preferences page.  Plugins may show a button on the top toolbar of the PCB editor.  If the "Show button" control is unchecked for a plugin, it may still be accessed from the Tools > External Plugins menu.
zh_CN: 每个被检测到的插件都会在这个偏好设置上显示一排。  插件可以在 “PCB 编辑器” 的顶部工具栏上显示一个按钮。  如果一个插件的 "显示按钮" 控制没有被选中，它仍然可以从 "工具" > "外部插件" 菜单中访问。

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en: The arrow controls at the bottom of the list allow changing the order that the plugins appear in the toolbar and menu.  The folder button will launch a file explorer to the plugin folder, to make installing new plugins easier.  The refresh button will scan the plugin folder for any new or removed plugins and update the list.
zh_CN: 列表底部的箭头控制允许改变插件在工具栏和菜单中的显示顺序。  文件夹按钮将启动一个文件资源管理器到插件文件夹，以使安装新的插件更容易。  刷新按钮将扫描插件文件夹中的任何新的或删除的插件，并更新列表。

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en: Origin & axes
zh_CN: 原点和轴

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en: images/pcbnew_preferences_origin_axes.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_preferences_origin_axes.png

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en: Text variables
zh_CN: 文本变量

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en: KiCad supports text variables, which allow you to substitute the variable name with a defined text string. This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh_CN: KiCad支持文本变量，允许你用定义的文本字符串替换变量名称。  这种替换发生在变量名称在 `${VARIABLENAME}` 的变量替换语法内的任何地方。

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en: Custom design rules are stored in a separate file with the extension `kicad_dru`.  This file is created automatically when you start adding custom rules to a project.  If you are using custom rules in your project, make sure to save the `kicad_dru` file along with the `kicad_pcb` and `kicad_pro` files when making backups or committing to a version control system.
zh_CN: 自定义设计规则存储在一个扩展名为 `kicad_dra` 的单独文件中。当您开始向项目添加自定义规则时，会自动创建此文件。如果您在项目中使用自定义规则，请在备份或提交到版本控制系统时，确保将 `kicad_dra` 文件与 `kicad_pcb` 和 `kicad_pro` 文件一起保存。

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en: The `kicad_dru` file is managed automatically by KiCad and should not be edited with an
          external text editor.  Always use the Custom Rules page of the Board Setup dialog to edit
          custom design rules.
zh_CN: `kicad_dra` 文件由 KiCad 自动管理，不应使用外部文本编辑器进行编辑。
    始终使用电路板设置对话框的自定义规则页面编辑自定义设计规则。

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en: The Custom Rules editor
zh_CN: 自定义规则编辑器

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en: The custom rules editor is located in the Board Setup dialog and provides a text editor for entering custom rules, a syntax checker that will test your custom rules and note any errors, and a syntax help dialog that contains a quick reference to the custom rules language and some example rules.
zh_CN: 自定义规则编辑器位于电路板设置对话框中，它提供了一个用于输入自定义规则的文本编辑器，一个语法检查器将测试你的自定义规则并指出任何错误，还有一个语法帮助对话框，其中包含了对自定义规则语言的快速参考和一些规则示例。

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en: It is a good idea to use the **Check rule syntax** button after editing custom rules to make sure there are no syntax errors.  Any errors in the custom rules will prevent the design rule checker from running.
zh_CN: 在编辑自定义规则后，最好使用 **检查规则语法** 按钮，确保没有语法错误。 自定义规则中的任何错误将阻止设计规则检查器的运行。

note: type: Title ====
en: Custom rule syntax
zh_CN: 自定义规则语法

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en: After the version header, you can enter any number of rules.  Rules are evaluated in reverse order, meaning the last rule in the file is checked first.  Once a matching rule is found for a given set objects being tested, no further rules will be checked. In practice, this means that more specific rules should be later in the file, so that they are evaluated before more general rules.
zh_CN: 在版本头之后，您可以输入任何数量的规则。 规则的评估顺序是相反的，也就是说，文件中的最后一条规则首先被检查。 一旦为一个给定的被测对象找到一个匹配的规则，将不再检查其他规则。在实践中，这意味着更具体的规则应该在文件的后面，以便它们在更通用的规则之前被评估。

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en: For example, if you create one rule that limits the minimum clearance between tracks in the net `HV` and tracks in any other net and a second rule that limits the minimum clearance for all objects inside a certain rule area, make sure the first rule appears later in the custom rules file than the second rule.  Otherwise tracks in the `HV` net could have the wrong clearance if they fall inside the rule area.
zh_CN: 例如，如果您创建一条规则来限制 `HV` 网络的布线与任何其他网络的布线之间的最小间距，然后又创建第二条规则来限制特定规则区域内所有对象的最小间距，请确保第一条规则在自定义规则文件中的出现时间比第二条规则晚，否则，如果 `HV` 网络中的布线落在规则区域内，可能会有错误的间距。

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en: Layer Clause
zh_CN: 图层子句

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en: The `layer` clause determines which layers the rule will work on.  While the layer of objects can be tested in the `condition` clause as described below, using the `layer` clause is more efficient.
zh_CN: `层 (layer)` 子句确定规则将对哪些层起作用。虽然对象层可以在下面介绍的 `约束 (constraint)` 子句中进行测试，但是使用 `层 (layer)` 子句效率更高。

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en: If the `layer` clause is omitted, the rule will apply to all layers.
zh_CN: 如果省略 `层 (layer)` 子句，则该规则将适用于所有层。

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en: Some examples:
zh_CN: 下面是一些示例：

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en: The rule **condition** is an expression contained inside a text string (and therefore usually surrounded by quotes in order to allow whitespace for clarity).  The expression is evaluated against each pair of objects that is being tested by the design rule checker.  For example, when checking for clearance between copper objects, each copper object (track segment, pad, via, etc.) on each net is checked against other copper objects on other nets.  If a custom rule exists where the expression matches the two given copper objects and the constraint defines a copper clearance, this custom rule could be used to determine the required clearance between the two objects.
zh_CN: 规则 **条件** 是一个包含在文本字符串中的表达式（因此通常用引号包围，以便允许留出空白，使之更清晰）。  该表达式是针对设计规则检查器正在测试的每一对对象进行评估的。  例如，当检查铜对象之间的间隙时，每个网络上的每个铜对象（布线段、焊盘、通孔等）都要与其他网络上的其他铜对象进行检查。  如果存在一个自定义规则，其表达式与两个给定的铜对象相匹配，并且约束条件定义了铜的间隙，那么这个自定义规则可以用来确定这两个对象之间所需的间隙。

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en: The objects being tested are referred to as `A` and `B` in the expression language.  The order of the two objects is not important because the design rule checker will test both possible orderings.  For example, you can write a rule that assumes that `A` is a track and `B` is a via.  There are some expression functions that test both objects together; these use `AB` as the object name.
zh_CN: 被测对象在表达式语言中称为 `A` 和 `B`。这两个对象的顺序并不重要，因为设计规则检查器将测试这两种可能的顺序。例如，您可以编写一条规则，假设 `A` 为布线，`B` 为过孔。
    有一些表达式函数可以同时测试这两个对象；这些表达式函数使用 `AB` 作为对象名。

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en: Each object being tested has **properties** that can be compared, as well as **functions** that can be used to perform certain tests.  The syntax for using properties and functions is `<object>.<property>` and `<object>.<function>([arguments])` respectively.
zh_CN: 每个被测对象都有可以比较的 **属性**，以及可以执行特定测试的 **函数**。属性和函数的使用语法分别为 `<object>.<property>` 和 `<object>.<function>([arguments])`。译者注： `<对象>.<属性>` 和 `<对象>.<函数>([参数])`。

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en: When you type `<object>.` in the text editor (`A.`, `B.`, or `AB.`), an autocomplete list
          will open that contains all the object properties that can be used.
zh_CN: 当你在文本编辑器中输入 `<对象>.`（`A.`、`B.` 或 `AB.`）时，将打开一个自动完成的列表，其中包含所有可以使用的对象属性。

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en: Some properties represent a physical measurement, such as a size, angle, length, position, etc.  On these properties, **unit suffixes** can be used in the custom rules language to specify what units are being used.  If no unit suffix is used, the internal representation of the property will be used instead (nanometers for distances and degrees for most angles).  The following suffixes are supported:
zh_CN: 有些属性表示物理测量，比如尺寸、角度、长度、位置等等。  在这些属性上，**单位后缀** 可以在自定义规则语言中使用，以指定使用什么单位。  如果没有使用单位后缀，属性的内部表示将被使用（距离为纳米，大多数角度为度）。  支持以下后缀：

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en: The units used in custom design rules are independent of the display units in the PCB editor.
zh_CN: 自定义设计规则中使用的单位独立于 PCB 编辑器中的显示单位。

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en: Many constraints take arguments that specify a physical measurement or quantity.  These constraints support minimum, optimal, and maximum value specification (abbreviated "min/opt/max").  The **minimum** and **maximum** values are used for design rule checking: if the actual value is less than the minimum or is greater than the maximum value in the constraint, a DRC error is created.  The **optimal** value is only used for some constraints, and informs KiCad of a "best" value to use by default.  For example, the optimal `diff_pair_gap` is used by the router when placing new differential pairs.  No errors will be created if the differential pair is later modified such that the gap between the pair is different from the optimal value, as long as the gap is between the minimum and maximum values (if these are specified).  In all cases where a min/opt/max value is accepted, any or all of the minimum, optimal, and maximum value can be specified.
zh_CN: 许多约束条件的参数指定了一个物理测量或数量。  这些约束条件支持最小值、最优值和最大值说明（缩写为 "min/opt/max"）。  **最小** 和 **最大** 值用于设计规则检查：如果实际值小于约束条件中的最小值或大于最大值，将产生一个 DRC 错误。  **最优** 值仅用于某些约束，并通知 KiCad 默认使用的 "最优" 值。  例如，最优的 `diff_pair_gap` 是由布线器在放置新的差分对时使用的。  如果后来修改了差分对，使得差分对之间的间隙与最佳值不同，只要间隙在最小值和最大值之间（如果这些值被指定），就不会产生错误。  在所有接受最小/最大/最优值的情况下，可以指定全部的最小值、最优值和最大值。

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en: Min/opt/max values are specified as `(min <value>)`, `(opt <value>)`, and `(max <value>)`. For example, a track width constraint may be written as `(constraint track_width (min 0.5mm) (opt 0.5mm) (max 1.0mm))` or simply `(constraint track_width (min 0.5mm))` if only the minimum width is to be constrained.
zh_CN: 最小/最优/最大值被指定为 `(min<value>)`, `(opt<value>)`, 和 `(max<value>)`。例如，布线宽度约束可以写成 `(constraint track_width (min 0.5mm) (opt 0.5mm) (max 1.0mm))`，如果只约束最小宽度，可以简单写成 `(constraint track_width (min 0.5mm))` 。

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en: Object property and function reference
zh_CN: 对象属性和函数参考

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en: The following properties can be tested in custom rule expressions:
zh_CN: 可以在自定义规则表达式中测试以下属性：

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en: Common Properties
zh_CN: 共有属性

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en: These properties apply to all PCB objects.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于所有 PCB 对象。

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en: Connected Object Properties
zh_CN: 连接的对象属性

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en: These properties apply to copper objects that can have a net assigned (pads, vias, zones, tracks).
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于可以分配网络的铜对象（焊盘、过孔、敷铜、布线）。

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en: Footprint Properties
zh_CN: 封装属性

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en: These properties apply to footprints.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于封装。

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en: Pad Properties
zh_CN: 焊盘属性

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en: These properties apply to footprint pads.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于封装焊盘。

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en: Track and Arc Properties
zh_CN: 布线和圆弧属性

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en: These properties apply to tracks and arc tracks.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于布线和弧形布线。

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en: Via Properties
zh_CN: 过孔属性

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en: These properties apply to vias.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于过孔。

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en: Zone and Rule Area Properties
zh_CN: 敷铜和规则区域属性

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en: These properties apply to copper and non-copper zones, and rule areas (formerly called keepouts).
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于铜区和非铜区，以及规则区（以前称为禁止布线区）。

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en: Graphic Shape Properties
zh_CN: 图形形状属性

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en: These properties apply to graphic lines, arcs, circles, rectangles, and polygons.
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于图形线、圆弧、圆、矩形和多边形。

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en: Text Properties
zh_CN: 文本属性

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en: These properties apply to text objects (footprint fields, free text labels, etc).
zh_CN: 这些属性适用于文本对象（封装字段、自由文本标签等）。

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en: Expression functions
zh_CN: 表达式函数

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en: The following functions can be called on objects in custom rule expressions:
zh_CN: 可以对自定义规则表达式中的对象调用以下函数：

note: type: Title ====
en: Custom design rule examples
zh_CN: 自定义设计规则示例

note: type: Title ===
en: Scripting
zh_CN: 脚本

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad 6 or newer requires Python 3 for scripting support. Python 2 is no longer supported.
zh_CN: KiCad 6 或更新版本需要 Python 3 来支持脚本。Python 2 已不再被支持。

note: type: Title ====
en: Using the scripting console
zh_CN: 使用脚本控制台

note: type: Plain text
en: The PCB Editor comes with a built-in Python console that can be used to inspect and interact with the board.  To launch the console, use the image:images/icons/py_script_24.png[Scripting console icon] button in the top toolbar. The PCB Editor Python API is not automatically loaded, so to load it, type `import pcbnew` into the console. The command `pcbnew.GetBoard()` will then return a reference to the board currently loaded in the PCB Editor, which can be inspected and modified through the console.
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器带有一个内置的 Python 控制台，可以用来检查并与电路板互动。 要启动控制台，使用顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/py_script_24.png[脚本控制台图标] 按钮。PCB 编辑器的 Python API 不会自动加载，所以要加载它，在控制台中输入 `import pcbnew`。然后 `pcbnew.GetBoard()` 命令将返回当前在 PCB 编辑器中加载的电路板的引用，可以通过控制台进行检查和修改。

note: type: Title ====
en: Python script locations
zh_CN: Python 脚本位置

note: type: Title =====
en: Examples
zh_CN: 例子

note: type: Title ====
en: Footprint wizards
zh_CN: 封装向导

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can <<idf-exporter,export an IDF representation of the board>> for use in mechanical CAD software. Below is some guidance on attaching IDF component outlines to footprints, creating new IDF component outlines, and a description of the IDF utilities included with KiCad.
zh_CN: KiCad 可以 <<IDF 导出器，导出电路板的 IDF 表示>>，以便在机械 CAD 软件中使用。下面是一些关于将 IDF 元件边框附在封装上、创建新的 IDF 元件边框的指导，以及 KiCad 中包含的 IDF 工具的描述。

note: type: Title ====
en: Specifying component models for use by the exporter
zh_CN: 指定供导出程序使用的元件模型

note: type: Plain text
en: To add an IDF model to a footprint in the footprint or PCB editors, edit the footprint's properties and click on the 3D Models tab.
zh_CN: 要在封装或 PCB 编辑器中把 IDF 模型添加到封装中，编辑封装的属性并点击 3D 模型标签。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Footprint properties, 3D settings
zh_CN: 封装属性，3D 设置

note: type: Plain text
en: Click the image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[folder icon] button and select the **IDF (\*.idf;*.IDF)** filetype filter. Browse to the desired outline file.
zh_CN: 点击 image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[文件夹图标] 按钮，选择 **IDF(\*.idf;*.IDF)** 文件类型筛选器。浏览到所需的边框文件。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: IDF component outline selection
zh_CN: IDF 元件边框选择

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/idf_select.png
zh_CN: images/zh/idf_select.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Once the desired component outline file is selected, enter any necessary values for the offset and rotation. The offsets must be specified using the IDF board output units (mm or mils) and in the IDF coordinate system, which is a right-hand coordinate system with +Z pointing towards the viewer, +X to the viewer's right, and +Y towards the upper edge of the screen. The rotation must be in degrees; positive rotation is a counter-clockwise rotation as described in the IDFv3 specification.
zh_CN: 一旦选择了所需的元件边框文件，输入任何必要的偏移和旋转值。偏移量必须使用 IDF 板的输出单位（毫米或mil）并在 IDF 坐标系中指定，这是一个右手坐标系，+Z 指向观察者，+X 指向观察者的右边，+Y 指向屏幕的上边缘。旋转必须以度为单位；正向旋转是逆时针旋转，如 IDF v3 规范中所述。

note: type: Plain text
en: Multiple outlines may be combined with appropriate offsets to represent simple assemblies such as a DIP package in a socket.
zh_CN: 多个边框可以与适当的偏移量结合起来，以表示简单的装配，如插座中的 DIP 封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: Only the offset values and the Z rotation value are used by the IDF exporter; all other values are ignored.
zh_CN: IDF 导出器只使用偏移值和 Z 旋转值，所有其他数值都被忽略。

note: type: Title ====
en: Creating a component outline file
zh_CN: 创建元件边框文件

note: type: Plain text
en: The component outline file (`*.idf`) consists of a single `.ELECTRICAL` or `.MECHANICAL` section as described in the specification document. The section may be preceded by any number of comment lines; the comment lines are copied by the exporter into the library file and can be used to track metadata such as references to the documents used to determine the component's outline and dimensions.
zh_CN: 元件边框文件（`*.idf`）包括一个单一的 `.ELECTRICAL` 或 `.MECHANICAL` 部分，如规范文件中所述。该部分前面可以有任何数量的注释行；注释行由导出器复制到库文件中，可以用来跟踪元数据，如用于确定元件边框和尺寸的文件的参考。

note: type: Plain text
en: The component outline section contains fields which are strings, integers, or floating point numbers. A string is a combination of characters which may include spaces; if a string contains spaces then it must be quoted. Quotation marks must not appear within a string.  Floating point numbers may be represented using decimal or exponential notations but decimal notation is preferred for human readability. The decimal point must be a dot and not a comma. The IDF file must consist only of 7-bit ASCII characters; use of 8-bit characters will result in undefined behavior.
zh_CN: 元件边框部分包含字符串，整数或浮点数字段。 字符串是可包含空格的字符组合; 如果字符串包含空格，则必须引用它。 引号不得出现在字符串中。 浮点数可以使用十进制或指数表示法表示，但十进制表示法是人类可读性的首选。 小数点必须是点而不是逗号。 IDF 文件必须只包含7位 ASCII 字符; 使用8位字符将导致未定义的行为。

note: type: Plain text
en: An IDF file consists of SECTIONS which consist of RECORDS which consist of FIELDS. For the IDF outline files only one type of section may exist and must be one of `.ELECTRICAL` or `.MECHANICAL`. A record is a single line of text and may contain one or more fields. Fields are sequences of characters separated by one or more spaces which do not appear between quotation marks. All fields of a record must appear on a single line; records may not span lines.
zh_CN: IDF 文件由 SECTIONS 组成，SECTIONS 由 RECORDS(记录) 组成，RECORDS 由 FIELDS(字段) 组成。对于 IDF 边框文件，只有一种类型的部分可以存在，并且必须是 `.ELECTRICAL` 或 `.MECHANICAL` 中的一种。一个记录是一行文本，可能包含一个或多个字段。字段是由一个或多个空格分隔的字符序列，不在引号之间出现。一条记录的所有字段必须出现在单行上；记录不能跨行。

note: type: Plain text
en: The section heading (`.ELECTRICAL` or `.MECHANICAL`) is considered the first record (Record 1) of the section. Record 1 must be followed by Record 2 which has four fields:
zh_CN: Section的标题（`.ELECTRICAL` 或 `.MECHANICAL`）被认为是该节的第一条记录（记录 1）。记录 1 后面必须有记录 2，该记录有四个字段：

note: type: Plain text
en: Geometry Name: a string which in combination with the Part Number must form a unique identifier for the component outline. For standardized packages, the package name is a good value for the geometry name, for example "SOT-23". For unique packages the manufacturer's part number is a good choice for the geometry name.
zh_CN: 几何名称：与元件编号组合的字符串必须形成元件边框的唯一标识符。 对于标准化的封装，封装名称是几何名称的一个很好的值，例如 "SOT-23"。对于独特的封装，制造商的元件编号是几何名称的一个好选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: Part Number: although obviously intended for the part number, for example BS107, it is better to use this string to help describe the package. For example if the geometry name is "TO-92", the part number entry may be used to describe the layout of the pads or the orientation of this particular TO-92 outline file.
zh_CN: 元件编号：虽然明显是为了零件号，例如BS107，但最好使用这个字符串来帮助描述封装。 例如，如果几何名称是 "TO-92"，则零件号条目可用于描述焊盘的布局或该特定 TO-92 边框文件的方向。

note: type: Plain text
en: IDF Unit: this must be one of `MM` or `THOU` and it applies only to the units describing this single component outline.
zh_CN: IDF 单位：必须是 `MM` 或 `THOU` 中的一个，它只适用于描述这个单一元件边框的单位。

note: type: Plain text
en: Height: this is a floating point number representing the nominal height of the component using units specified in Field 3.
zh_CN: 高度：这是一个浮点数，代表元件的名义高度，使用字段 3 中指定的单位。

note: type: Plain text
en: Record 2 must be followed by a number of Record 3 entries which specify the outline of the component. Record 3 consists of four fields:
zh_CN: 记录 2 后面必须跟有许多记录 3 条目，这些条目指定了元件的边框。 记录 3 包含四个字段：

note: type: Plain text
en: Loop Index: `0` (outline points are specified in counter-clockwise order) or `1` (outline points are specified in clockwise order)
zh_CN: 循环索引。`0`（边框点按逆时针顺序指定）或 `1`（边框点按顺时针顺序指定）。

note: type: Plain text
en: X coordinate: a floating point number
zh_CN: X 坐标：浮点数

note: type: Plain text
en: Y coordinate: a floating point number
zh_CN: Y 坐标：浮点数

note: type: Plain text
en: Included Angle: a floating point number. If the value is `0` then a straight line segment is drawn from the previous point to this point.  If the value is `360` then the previous point specifies the center of a circle and this point specifies a point on the circle; never specify a circle using a value of `-360` as at least one major mechanical CAD package does not behave well in that situation. If the value is negative then a clockwise arc is drawn from the previous point to this point and if the value is positive then a counter-clockwise arc is drawn.
zh_CN: 包括角度：一个浮点数。如果该值为 `0`，则从上一点到这一点绘制一条直线段。 如果数值是 `360`，那么前一个点指定一个圆的中心，这个点指定圆上的一个点；千万不要用 `360` 的数值指定一个圆，因为至少有一个主要的机械 CAD 包在这种情况下表现不好。如果该值为负数，则从上一点到这一点将绘制顺时针方向的圆弧；如果该值为正数，则绘制逆时针方向的圆弧。

note: type: Plain text
en: Only one closed loop is permitted and it is not possible to specify a cutout. The last point specified must be the same as the first point unless the outline is a circle.
zh_CN: 只允许一个闭环，并且无法指定切口。 指定的最后一个点必须与第一个点相同，除非边框是圆形。

note: type: Plain text
en: Example IDF File 1:
zh_CN: 示例 IDF 文件 1：

note: type: Plain text
en: Example IDF File 2:
zh_CN: 示例 IDF 文件 2：

note: type: Title ====
en: Guidelines for creating outlines
zh_CN: 创建边框的准则

note: type: Plain text
en: When creating outlines, and especially when sharing the work with others, consistency in the design and naming of files helps people locate files quicker and place the components with minimal hassles.
zh_CN: 在创建边框时，特别是在与他人共享工作时，文件的设计和命名的一致性可以帮助人们更快地找到文件并以最小的麻烦放置元件。

note: type: Title =====
en: Package naming
zh_CN: 封装命名

note: type: Plain text
en: Try to make some information about the outline available in the filename to give the user a general idea of what the outline is. For example axial leaded cylindrical packages may represent some types of capacitors as well as some types of resistors, so it makes sense to identify an outline as a horizontal or vertical axial leaded device and to add some extra information on the relevant dimensions: diameter, length, and pitch are the most important. If a device has a unique outline, the manufacturer's part number and a prefix to indicate the class of device are adequate.
zh_CN: 尽量在文件名中提供一些关于边框的信息，让用户对边框有一个大致的概念。 例如，轴向引线圆柱形封装可能代表某些类型的电容器以及某些类型的电阻，因此将边框识别为水平或垂直轴向引线器件并在相关尺寸上添加一些额外信息是有意义的：直径，长度 和间距是最重要的。 如果元件具有独特的边框，制造商的零件编号和一个前缀来表明元件的类别就足够了。

note: type: Title =====
en: Comments
zh_CN: 注释

note: type: Plain text
en: Use comments in the IDF file to give users more information about the outline, for example a reference to the source used for dimensional information.
zh_CN: 使用 IDF 文件中的注释为用户提供有关边框的更多信息，例如对用于尺寸信息的源的引用。

note: type: Title =====
en: Geometry and Part Number entries
zh_CN: 几何形状和零件编号条目

note: type: Plain text
en: Think carefully about the values to give to the Geometry and Part Number entries. Taken together, these strings act as a unique identifier for the MCAD system. The values of the strings will ideally have some meaning to a user, but this is not necessary: the values are primarily intended for the MCAD system to use as a unique ID. Ideally the values chosen will be unique within any large collection of outlines; choosing values well will result in fewer clashes especially in complex boards.
zh_CN: 仔细考虑要赋予几何形状和零件编号条目的值。 总之，这些字符串作为 MCAD 系统的唯一标识符。 理想情况下，字符串的值对用户有一定的意义，但这不是必需的：这些值主要用于 MCAD 系统用作唯一 ID。 理想情况下，所选择的值在任何大型边框集合中都是唯一的; 选择好的值将导致更少的冲突，特别是在复杂的电路板上。

note: type: Title =====
en: Pin orientation and positioning
zh_CN: 引脚方向和定位

note: type: Plain text
en: Component outlines should be created to match the orientation and position of the corresponding footprints. This avoids the need to specify a non-zero rotation for the IDF component outline. Since the IDF exporter ignores the (X, Y) offset values, it is vital that you use the correct origin in the IDF component outline.
zh_CN: 元件边框的创建应该与相应的封装的方向和位置相匹配。这就避免了为 IDF 元件边框指定非零旋转的需要。由于 IDF 导出器忽略了 (X，Y) 偏移值，所以在 IDF 元件边框中使用正确的原点是至关重要的。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Sample outlines
zh_CN: 示例边框

note: type: Plain text
en: The image above shows sample outlines generated by the programs `idfcyl` and `idfrect` and rendered in a mechanical CAD program. From left to right are (a)  vertical radial leaded cylinder, (b) vertical axial leaded cylinder with wire on left, (c) vertical axial leaded cylinder with wire on right, (d) horizontal axial leaded cylinder, (e) horizontal radial leaded cylinder, (f) square outline, plain, (g) square outline with chamfer, (h) square outline with axial lead on right. The top outlines were specified in units of millimeters while the bottom outlines were specified in units of inches.
zh_CN: 上图显示了由程序 `idfcyl` 和 `idfrect` 生成并在一个机械 CAD 程序中渲染的样本边框。从左到右分别是 (a) 垂直径向引线圆柱体，(b) 垂直轴向引线圆柱体，左边有线路，(c) 垂直轴向引线圆柱体，右边有线路，(d) 水平轴向引线圆柱体，(e) 水平径向引线圆柱体，(f) 方形边框，普通，(g) 方形边框有倒角，(h) 方形边框有轴向引线在右边。上面的边框以毫米为单位，下面的边框以英寸为单位。

note: type: Title =====
en: Tips on dimensions
zh_CN: 尺寸提示

note: type: Plain text
en: The purpose served by the extruded outlines is to give the mechanical designer some idea of the location and physical space occupied by each component. In a typical scenario the mechanical designer will replace some of the crude outlines with more detailed mechanical models, for example when checking to ensure that a right-angle mounted LED will fit into a hole on a panel. In most situations the accuracy of an outline doesn't matter, but it is good practice to create outlines which convey the best mechanical information possible. In a few instances a user may wish to fit the component into a case with very little excess space, for example in a portable music player. In such a situation, if most extruded outlines are a good enough representation of components then the mechanical designer may only have to replace very few models while designing the case. If the outlines are not a reliable reflection of reality then the mechanical designer will waste a lot of time replacing models to ensure a good fit. After all, if you put garbage in you can expect garbage to come out. If you put in good information, you can be confident of good results.
zh_CN: 拉伸边框的目的是让机械设计者了解每个元件占据的位置和物理空间。在典型情况下，机械设计师将使用更详细的机械模型替换一些粗略边框，例如在检查时确保直角安装的 LED 适合面板上的孔。在大多数情况下，边框的准确性无关紧要，但好的做法是创建可传达最佳机械信息的边框。在少数情况下，用户可能希望将元件装配到空间很小的壳体中，例如装进一个便携式音乐播放器中。在这种情况下，如果大多数拉伸边框是元件的足够好的表示，那么机械设计师可能只需要在设计壳体时替换很少的模型。如果边框不是现实的可靠反映，那么机械设计师将浪费大量时间来更换模型以确保良好的配合。毕竟，如果你把垃圾放进去，你可以预期会有垃圾出来。如果您提供了良好的信息，您可以对良好的结果充满信心。

note: type: Title ====
en: IDF Component Outline Tools
zh_CN: IDF 元件边框工具

note: type: Plain text
en: A number of command-line tools are available to help generate IDF component outlines. The tools are:
zh_CN: 许多命令行工具可用于帮助生成 IDF 元件边框。 工具是：

note: type: Plain text
en: `idfcyl:` creates an outline of a cylinder in vertical or horizontal orientation and with axial or radial leads
zh_CN: `idfcyl:` 创建一个垂直或水平方向的圆柱体边框，并具有轴向或径向引线

note: type: Plain text
en: `idfrect:` creates an outline of a rectangle which may have either an axial lead or a chamfer in the top left corner
zh_CN: `idfrect:` 创建一个矩形的边框，这个矩形可以有一个轴向引线或左上角的倒角

note: type: Plain text
en: `dxf2idf:` converts a drawing in DXF format into an IDF component outline
zh_CN: `dxf2idf:` 将 DXF 格式的图纸转换为 IDF 元件边框

note: type: Plain text
en: `idfcyl` generates outlines for cylindrical components.
zh_CN: `idfcyl` 生成圆柱形元件的边框。

note: type: Plain text
en: When `idfcyl` is invoked with no arguments it prints out a usage note and a summary of its inputs:
zh_CN: 当 `idfcyl` 被调用时，没有参数，它会打印出一个使用说明和输入的摘要：

note: type: delimited block -
en: idfcyl: This program generates an outline for a cylindrical component.
        The cylinder may be horizontal or vertical.
        A horizontal cylinder may have wires at one or both ends.
        A vertical cylinder may have at most one wire which may be
        placed on the left or right side.
zh_CN: idfcyl：该程序生成圆柱形元件的边框。
         圆柱体可以是水平的或垂直的。
         水平圆柱体可以在一端或两端有导线。
         垂直圆柱体最多可以有一条导线
         放在左侧或右侧。

note: type: delimited block -
en: Input:
        Unit: mm, in (millimeters or inches)
        Orientation: V (vertical)
        Lead type: X, R (axial, radial)
        Diameter of body
        Length of body
        Board offset
        *   Wire diameter
        *   Pitch
        **  Wire side: L, R (left, right)
        *** Lead length
        File name (must end in *.idf)
zh_CN: 输入：
        单位：mm, in（毫米或英寸）
        方向：V（垂直）
        引线类型：X，R（轴向，径向）
        柱体直径
        柱体长度
        板偏移
        *   导线直径
        *   间距
        **  线侧：L，R（左，右）
        *** 引线长度
        文件名（必须以 * .idf 结尾）

note: type: delimited block -
en:     NOTES:
            *   only required for horizontal orientation or
                vertical orientation with axial leads
zh_CN:     注意：
             *   仅用于水平方向或
                 带轴向引线的垂直方向

note: type: delimited block -
en:         **  only required for vertical orientation with axial leads
zh_CN:         **  只有轴向引线的垂直方向才需要

note: type: delimited block -
en:         *** only required for horizontal orientation with radial leads
zh_CN:         ***  仅对于带有径向引线的水平方向需要

note: type: Plain text
en: The notes can be suppressed by entering any arbitrary argument on the command line. A user can manually enter information at the command line or create scripts to generate outlines. The following script creates a single cylinder axial leaded outline with the lead on the right hand side:
zh_CN: 可以通过在命令行上输入任意参数来抑制注释。 用户可以在命令行手动输入信息或创建脚本以生成边框。 以下脚本创建一个单圆柱轴向引线边框，右侧为引线：

note: type: Plain text
en: `idfrect` generates outlines for rectangular components.
zh_CN: `idfrect` 生成矩形元件的边框。

note: type: Plain text
en: When `idfrect` is invoked with no arguments it prints out a usage note and a summary of its inputs:
zh_CN: 当 `idfrect` 被调用而没有参数时，它会打印出使用说明和输入摘要：

note: type: delimited block -
en: idfrect: This program generates an outline for a rectangular component.
        The component may have a single lead (axial) or a chamfer on the
        upper left corner.
    Input:
        Unit: mm, in (millimeters or inches)
        Width:
        Length:
        Height:
        Chamfer: length of the 45 deg. chamfer
        *  Leaded: Y,N (lead is always to the right)
        ** Wire diameter
        ** Pitch
        File name (must end in *.idf)
zh_CN: idfrect：该程序生成矩形元件的边框。
         该元件可能有有单引线（轴向）或左上角
         有倒角。
    输入：
         单位：毫米，英寸（毫米或英寸）
         宽度：
         长度：
         高度：
         倒角：45 度倒角的长度
         * 引线：Y，N（引线始终向右边）
         ** 导线直径
         ** 间距
         文件名（必须以 *.idf 结尾）

note: type: delimited block -
en:     NOTES:
            *   only required if chamfer = 0
zh_CN:     注意:
            *   仅当倒角 = 0 时才需要

note: type: delimited block -
en:         **  only required for leaded components
zh_CN:         **  仅对有引线的元件有要求

note: type: Plain text
en: The notes can be suppressed by entering any arbitrary argument on the command line. A user can manually enter information at the command line or create scripts to generate outlines. The following script creates a chamfered rectangle and an axial leaded outline:
zh_CN: 可以通过在命令行上输入任意参数来抑制注释。 用户可以在命令行手动输入信息或创建脚本以生成边框。 以下脚本创建倒角矩形和轴向引线边框：

note: type: Plain text
en: `dxf2idf` creates an IDF component file from a DXF outline.
zh_CN: `dxf2idf` 从 DXF 边框创建一个 IDF 元件文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: The DXF file used to specify the component outline can be prepared with the free software http://librecad.org/[LibreCAD] for best compatibility.
zh_CN: 用于指定元件边框的 DXF 文件可以用免费软件 http://librecad.org/[LibreCAD] 来准备，以获得最佳的兼容性。

note: type: Plain text
en: When `dxf2idf` is invoked with no arguments it prints out a usage note and a summary of its inputs:
zh_CN: 当 `dxf2idf` 被调用而没有参数时，它会打印出一个使用说明和输入的摘要：

note: type: delimited block -
en: dxf2idf: this program takes line, arc, and circle segments
        from a DXF file and creates an IDF component outline file.
zh_CN: dxf2idf：该程序从 DXF 文件中获取线段、圆弧段和圆段，并创建 IDF 元件边框文件。

note: type: delimited block -
en: Input:
        DXF filename: the input file, must end in '.dxf'
        Units: mm, in (millimeters or inches)
        Geometry Name: string, as per IDF version 3.0 specification
        Part Name: as per IDF version 3.0 specification of Part Number
        Height: extruded height of the outline
        Comments: all non-empty lines are comments to be added to
            the IDF file. An empty line signifies the end of
            the comment block.
        File name: output filename, must end in '.idf'
zh_CN: 输入：
         DXF 文件名：输入文件，必须以 '.dxf' 结尾
         单位：毫米，英寸（毫米或英寸）
         几何名称：字符串，根据 IDF 3.0版规范
         元件名称：根据元件号的 IDF 3.0版规范
         高度：边框的拉升高度
         注释：所有非空行都是要添加到IDF 文件
             的注释。 空行表示注释块
             结束。
         文件名：输出文件名，必须以 '.idf' 结尾

note: type: Plain text
en: The notes can be suppressed by entering any arbitrary argument on the command line. A user can manually enter information at the command line or create scripts to generate outlines. The following script creates a 5mm high outline from a DXF file `test.dxf`:
zh_CN: 可以通过在命令行上输入任何任意参数来抑制注释的产生。用户可以在命令行上手动输入信息或创建脚本来生成边框。下面的脚本从 DXF 文件 `test.dxf` 创建了一个 5 毫米高的边框：

note: type: Plain text
en: The `idf2vrml` tool reads a set of one IDF Board (`.emn`) and one IDF Component file (`.emp`) and produces a VRML file which can be viewed with a VRML viewer. This feature is useful for visualization of the board assembly in cases where the user does not have access to MCAD software. Invoking `idf2vrml` without any arguments will result in the display of a usage message:
zh_CN: `idf2vrml` 工具读取一组 IDF 板（`.emn`）和一个 IDF 元件文件（`.emp`）并产生一个 VRML 文件，可以用 VRML 查看器查看。在用户不能使用 MCAD 软件的情况下，这个功能对板件装配的可视化很有用。在没有任何参数的情况下调用 `idf2vrml` 将导致显示用发消息：

note: type: delimited block -
en: >./idf2vrml
    Usage: idf2vrml -f input_file.emn -s scale_factor {-k} {-d} {-z} {-m}
    flags:
       -k: produce KiCad-friendly VRML output; default is compact VRML
       -d: suppress substitution of default outlines
       -z: suppress rendering of zero-height outlines
       -m: print object mapping to stdout for debugging purposes
    example to produce a model for use by KiCad: idf2vrml -f input.emn -s 0.3937008 -k
zh_CN: >./idf2vrml
    用法： idf2vrml -f input_file.emn -s scale_factor {-k} {-d} {-z} {-d} {-z} {-m}
    标志：
       -k: 产生 KiCad 友好的 VRML 输出；默认为紧凑的 VRML
       -d: 抑制对默认边框的替换
       -z: 抑制零高度边框的渲染
       -m: 打印对象映射到标准输出进行调试。
    例子产生一个供 KiCad 使用的模型： idf2vrml -f input.emn -s 0.3937008 -k

note: type: Plain text
en: The `idf2vrml` tool does not correctly render `OTHER_OUTLINE` entities in an `emn` file if that entity is specified on the back layer of the PCB; however you will not noticeable using files exported by KiCad because there is no mechanism to specify such an entity. This is only an issue if you render a third party emn file which does employ an entity on the back side of a board.
zh_CN: `idf2vrml` 工具不能正确渲染 `emn` 文件中的 `OTHER_OUTLINE` 实体，如果该实体被指定在 PCB 的底层；然而你不会注意到使用 KiCad 导出的文件，因为没有机制来指定这样的实体。这如果您渲染的第三方 emn 文件确实在电路板的背面使用了实体，那么这只是一个问题。

note: type: Title ==
en: Creating a PCB
zh_CN: 创建 PCB

note: type: Title ===
en: Basic PCB concepts
zh_CN: PCB 的基本概念

note: type: Plain text
en: A printed circuit board in KiCad is generally made up of *footprints* representing electronic components and their pads, *nets* defining how those pads connect to each other, *tracks*, *vias*, and *filled zones* that form the copper connections between pads in each net, and various graphic shapes defining the board edge, silkscreen markings, and any other desired information.
zh_CN: KiCad 中的印刷电路板通常由代表电子元件及其焊盘的 *封装*、定义这些焊盘如何彼此连接的 *网络*、形成每个网络中焊盘之间的铜连接的 *布线*、*过孔* 和 *敷铜* 以及定义电路板边缘、丝印标记和任何其他所需信息的各种图形形状组成。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad normally keeps the information about nets on a PCB synchronized with an associated schematic, but nets can also be created and edited directly within the PCB editor.
zh_CN: KiCad 通常会将 PCB 上的网络信息与相关的原理图保持同步，但也可以直接在 PCB 编辑器中创建和编辑网络。

note: type: Title ===
en: Capabilities
zh_CN: 性能

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad is capable of creating printed circuit boards with up to 32 copper layers, 14 technical layers (silkscreen, solder mask, component adhesive, solder paste, etc), and 13 general-purpose drawing layers.
zh_CN: KiCad 能够创建多达 32 个铜层、14 个技术层 (丝印、阻焊、元件粘合剂、锡膏等) 和 13 个通用绘图层的印刷电路板。

note: type: Plain text
en: The internal measurement resolution of all objects in KiCad is 1 nanometer, and measurements are stored as 32-bit integers.  This means it is possible to create boards up to approximately 4 meters by 4 meters.
zh_CN: KiCad 中所有对象的内部测量分辨率为 1 纳米，测量值以 32 位整数存储。 这意味着可以创建最大约 4 米乘 4 米的电路板。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad currently supports one board file per project / schematic.
zh_CN: KiCad 目前支持每个工程/原理图一个电路板文件。

note: type: Title ===
en: Starting from a schematic
zh_CN: 从原理图开始

note: type: Plain text
en: Update PCB from Schematic is the preferred way to transfer design information from the schematic to the PCB. In older versions of KiCad, the equivalent process was to export a netlist from the Schematic Editor and import it into the Board Editor. It is no longer necessary to use a netlist file.
zh_CN: 从原理图更新 PCB 是将设计信息从原理图转移到 PCB 的首选方法。在旧版本的 KiCad 中，相应的过程是将网表从原理图编辑器中导出并导入到电路板编辑器中。现在已经没有必要使用网表文件了。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update PCB from schematic
zh_CN: 从原理图更新 PCB

note: type: Plain text
en: For more information about the Update Schematic from PCB tool, see the <<forward-and-back-annotation,forward annotation section of the manual>>.
zh_CN: 关于从原理图更新PCB工具的更多信息，请参见手册的 <<正向批注，正向批注>> 部分。

note: type: Title ===
en: Starting from scratch
zh_CN: 从头开始

note: type: Plain text
en: It is also possible to create a board with no matching schematic, although this workflow has some limitations and is not recommended for most users.  To do this, you must start the PCB editor standalone (not from the KiCad project manager).  Before beginning your design, it is a good idea to save the board file, which will also create a project file to store board settings.  Use "Save As..." from the File menu to choose where to save your board file.  A project file with the same name will be created in the same location you choose to save the board file in.
zh_CN: 也可以创建一个没有匹配原理图的电路板，不过这种工作流程有一些限制，不建议大多数用户使用。为此，您必须独立启动 PCB 编辑器(而不是从 KiCad 工程管理器启动)。在开始设计之前，最好先保存电路板文件，这也将创建一个项目文件来存储电路板设置。 使用文件菜单中的 "另存为... " 来选择保存电路板文件的位置。一个具有相同名称的项目文件将被创建在你选择保存电路板文件的相同位置。

note: type: Title ===
en: Board setup
zh_CN: 电路板设置

note: type: Plain text
en: Before beginning your board design, use the Board Setup dialog to configure the basic parameters of the board.  To open Board Setup, click the image:images/icons/options_board.png[] icon in the top toolbar or choose "Board Setup..." from the File menu.
zh_CN: 在开始设计电路板之前，使用电路板设置对话框来配置电路板的基本参数。要打开电路板设置，请单击顶部工具栏中的 image:images/icons/options_board.png[] 图标或从文件菜单中选择 "电路板设置..."。

note: type: Title ====
en: Configuring board stackup and physical parameters
zh_CN: 配置电路板层叠和物理参数

note: type: Plain text
en: There are two sections of Board Setup used to configure the stackup and layers of the board.  The Board Editor Layers section is used to enable or disable technical (non-copper) layers, and give custom names to layers if desired.  The Physical Stackup section is used to configure the number of copper layers, as well as the physical parameters of the copper and dielectric layers such as thickness and material type. Dielectric, soldermask, and silkscreen layers can have colors assigned to them, which affects the board's appearance in the 3D viewer.
zh_CN: 在 "电路板设置" 中，有两个部分用于配置电路板的层叠和层。 "电路板编辑器层" 部分用于启用或禁用技术层（非铜层），如果需要的话，还可以给各层自定义名称。 物理层叠部分用于配置铜层的数量，以及铜层和电介质层的物理参数，如厚度和材料类型。介电层、阻焊层和丝印层可以被分配颜色，这将影响电路板在 3D 查看器中的外观。

note: type: Plain text
en: To configure the board stackup, start on the Physical Stackup section:
zh_CN: 要配置电路板的层叠，从物理层叠部分开始：

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_physical_stackup.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_physical_stackup.png

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad currently only supports stackups with an even number of copper layers.  To create
          designs with an odd number of layers (for example, flexible printed circuits or metal-core
          printed circuits), simply choose the next highest even number and ignore the extra layer.
zh_CN: KiCad 目前仅支持铜层数为偶数的层叠。
          要创建具有奇数层的设计 (例如，柔性印刷电路板或金属芯印刷电路板)，
          只需选择下一个最高的偶数，而忽略多余的层。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_board_editor_layers.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_board_editor_layers.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Copper layers can be designated as signal, power plane, mixed, or jumper in the Board Editor
          Layers section.  This designation is intended as a guide for the user only.  Tracks and zones
          can be routed on any copper layer, no matter what the type is configured to in this dialog.
zh_CN: 在电路板编辑器层部分，可以将铜层指定为信号层、电源层、混合层或跳线层。
          本指南仅供用户参考。
          无论在此对话框中将类型配置为什么，都可以在任何铜层上布线和敷铜。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some additional board stackup settings are found on the Board Finish and Solder Mask/Paste sections of the Board Setup dialog.  The Board Finish section has settings for defining the copper finish and special features such as castellations or edge plating.  Note that these settings only impact the board attributes output as part of Gerber job files at this time.
zh_CN: 在电路板编辑器对话框的电路板表面处理(Board Finish)和阻焊/锡膏部分可以找到一些其他的电路板层叠设置。电路板表面处理部分包含用于定义铜的表面处理和特殊功能 (如刻痕或边缘电镀) 的设置。请注意，这些设置目前只影响作为 Gerber 文件一部分的电路板属性输出。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Solder Mask/Paste section allow global adjustment of the clearance (positive or negative)  between the copper shapes and solder mask / solder paste shapes of pads on the board.  These values will be added to any clearance overrides set on individual footprints or pads.  Positive clearance values will result in the shape of the solder mask or paste opening being _larger_ than the copper shape.  Negative clearance values will result in the opening being _smaller_ than the copper shape.
zh_CN: 阻焊/锡膏部分允许全局调整电路板上焊盘的铜形和阻焊/锡膏形之间的间隙（正或负）。  这些值将被添加到在个别封装或焊盘上设置的任何间隙覆盖。  正的间隙值将导致阻焊层或锡膏开口的形状比铜的形状 _更大_。  负的间隙值将导致开口比铜的形状 _更小_。

note: type: Plain text
en: Most commercial PCB fabricators expect these values to be zero and make their own
             adjustments to solder mask and paste openings as part of their CAM process.  It is usually
             best to leave these values at their default of zero unless you are making the PCB yourself
             or have specific advice from your fabricator to use different values.
zh_CN: 大多数商业 PCB 制造商希望这些值为零，并在 CAM 过程中自行调整阻焊和锡膏开口。
             通常最好将这些值保留为默认值零，
             除非您自己制作 PCB，
             或者您的制造商有具体建议使用不同的值。

note: type: Title ====
en: Configuring default text and graphic settings
zh_CN: 配置默认文本和图形设置

note: type: Plain text
en: The Text & Graphics Defaults section of the Board Setup dialog can be used to configure the properties that will be used for new text and graphic shapes that are placed on the board.
zh_CN: 电路板设置对话框的文本和图形默认值部分可用于配置将用于放置在电路板上的新文本和图形形状的属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Line thickness, text size, and text appearance can be configured for the six different categories of layers shown in the dialog.  Additionally, the properties for dimension objects can be configured for all layers.  For more details about dimension properties, see the Dimensions section below.
zh_CN: 可以为对话框中显示的六种不同类别的图层配置线粗细、文本大小和文本外观。此外，可以为所有图层配置标注对象的特性。有关标注属性的更多详细信息，请参阅下面的标注部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: Dashed line appearance is controlled in the Formatting section. *Dash length* controls the length of dashes, while *Gap length* controls the spacing between dashes and dots. The dash and gap lengths are relative to the line width: a gap length of `2` means twice the width of the line.
zh_CN: 虚线的外观是在 "格式化" 部分控制的。*虚线长度* 控制虚线的长度，而 *间隔长度* 控制虚线和圆点之间的间距。虚线和间隔的长度是相对于行宽而言的：间隔长度为 `2` 意味着是行宽的两倍。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text replacement variables can be created in the Text Variables section.  These variables allow you to substitute the variable name for any text string.  This substitution happens anywhere the variable name is used inside the variable replacement syntax of `${VARIABLENAME}`.
zh_CN: 文本替换变量可以在文本变量部分创建。  这些变量允许你将变量名称替换为任何文本字符串。  这种替换发生在变量名称在 `${VARIABLENAME}` 的变量替换语法内的任何地方。

note: type: Plain text
en: For example, you could create a variable named `VERSION` and set the text substitution to `1.0`.  Now, in any text object on the PCB, you can enter `${VERSION}` and KiCad will substitute `1.0`.  If you change the substitution to `2.0`, every text object that includes `${VERSION}` will be updated automatically.  You can also mix regular text and variables.  For example, you can create a text object with the text `Version: ${VERSION}` which will be substituted as `Version: 1.0`.
zh_CN: 例如，您可以创建一个名为 `VERSION` 的变量，并将文本替换设置为 `1.0`。  现在，在 PCB 上的任何文本对象中，你可以输入 `${VERSION}`，KiCad 将替代 `1.0`。  如果你把变量改为 `2.0`，每个包括 `${VERSION}` 的文本对象都会自动更新。  你也可以混合使用普通文本和变量。  例如，你可以创建一个文本对象，内容为 `版本：${VERSION}`，它将被替换为 `版本：1.0`。

note: type: Plain text
en: Text variables can also be created in xref:../eeschema/eeschema.adoc#schematic-setup[Schematic Setup].  Text variables are project-wide; variables created in the schematic editor are also available in the board editor, and vice versa.
zh_CN: 文本变量也可以在 xref:./eeschema/eeschema.adoc#schematic-setup[原理图设置] 中创建。 文本变量是项目范围内的；在原理图编辑器中创建的变量在电路板编辑器中也可用，反之亦然。

note: type: Plain text
en: There are also a number of <<text-variables,built-in system text variables>>.
zh_CN: 还有一些 <<text-variables,内置系统文本变量>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: Configuring design rules
zh_CN: 配置设计规则

note: type: Title =====
en: Constraints
zh_CN: 约束

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_constraints.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_constraints.png

note: type: Plain text
en: In addition to setting minimum clearances, a number of features can be configured here:
zh_CN: 除了设置最小间隙外，还可以在此处配置许多功能：

note: type: Title =====
en: Pre-defined Sizes
zh_CN: 预定义大小

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_predefined_sizes.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_predefined_sizes.png

note: type: Title =====
en: Net Classes
zh_CN: 网络类

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_netclasses.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_netclasses.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The upper portion of the Net Classes section contains a table showing the net classes in the design and the design rules that apply to each net class.  Every class has values for copper clearance, track width, via sizes, and differential pair sizes.  These values will be used when creating tracks and vias unless a more specific rule overrides them (see Custom Rules below).
zh_CN: 网络类部分的上部有一个表格，显示了设计中的网络类和适用于每个网络类的设计规则。 每个类别都有铜的间隙、布线宽度、过孔尺寸和差分对尺寸的值。 这些值将在创建布线和过孔时使用，除非有更具体的规则覆盖它们（见下面的自定义规则）。

note: type: Plain text
en: No rule may override the minimum values set in the Constraints section of Board Setup.  For
          example, if you set a net class clearance to `0.1 mm`, but the Minimum Clearance in the
          Constraints section is set to `0.2 mm`, nets in that class will have a clearance of `0.2 mm`.
zh_CN: 任何规则都不能覆盖电路板设置的约束条件部分中设置的最小值。
          例如，如果您将网络类间距设置为 `0.1 mm`，但约束条件部分中的最小间距设置为 `0.2 mm`，
          则该类网络的间距将为 `0.2 mm`。

note: type: Title =====
en: Custom Rules
zh_CN: 自定义规则

note: type: Plain text
en: The Custom Rules section contains a text editor for creating design rules using the custom rules language.  Custom rules are used to create specific design rule checks that are not covered by the basic constraints or net class settings.
zh_CN: 自定义规则部分包含一个文本编辑器，用于使用自定义规则语言创建设计规则。  自定义规则用于创建基本约束或网络类设置没有涵盖的特定设计规则检查。

note: type: Plain text
en: Custom rules will only be applied if there are no errors in the custom rules definitions.  Use the Check Rule Syntax button to test the definitions and fix any problems before closing Board Setup.
zh_CN: 只有在自定义规则定义中没有错误时，才会应用自定义规则。  在关闭电路板设置之前，使用检查规则语法器按钮来测试定义并修复任何问题。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_custom_rules.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_custom_rules.png

note: type: Title =====
en: Violation Severity
zh_CN: 违规严重程度

note: type: Plain text
en: The Violation Severity section allows you to configure the severity of each type of design rule check.  Each rule may be set to create an error marker, a warning marker, or no marker (ignored).
zh_CN: 违规严重性部分允许你配置每种设计规则检查的严重性。  每条规则可以被设置为创建一个错误标记、一个警告标记或没有标记（忽略）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Individual rule violations may be ignored in the Design Rule Checker.  Setting a rule to
          Ignore in the Violation Severity section will completely disable the corresponding design
          rule check.  Use this setting with caution.
zh_CN: 在设计规则检查器中可能会忽略个别规则违规。
          在违规程度部分中将规则设置为忽略将完全禁用相应的设计规则检查。
          请谨慎使用此设置。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_violation_severity.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_violation_severity.png

note: type: Title ====
en: Importing settings
zh_CN: 导入设置

note: type: Plain text
en: You can import part or all of the board setup from an existing board.  This technique can be used to create a "template" board that has the settings you want to use on multiple designs, and then importing these settings from the template board into each new board rather than entering them manually.
zh_CN: 您可以从现有电路板导入部分或全部电路板设置。 这种技术可以用来创建一个 "模板" 电路板板，其中有你想在多个设计中使用的设置，然后将这些设置从模板板中导入到每个新板中，而不是手动输入。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/board_setup_import_settings.png
zh_CN: images/zh/board_setup_import_settings.png

note: type: Title ==
en: Display and selection controls
zh_CN: 显示和选择控件

note: type: Title ===
en: Board layers
zh_CN: 板层

note: type: Plain text
en: Layers in the PCB Editor represent physical copper layers on a board, as well as graphical layers used for defining things such as silkscreen, solder mask, and the board edge.  There is always one layer that is active in the editor.  The active layer is drawn on top of other layers and will be the layer assigned to newly-created objects.  The active layer is indicated in the layer selector drop-down box in the top toolbar and is also highlighted in the appearance panel.  To change the active layer, you can left-click a layer name in the appearance panel, use the drop-down layer selector in the top toolbar, or use a hotkey.  Layers can be hidden to simplify the board view.  You can hide a layer even if it is the active layer.
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器中的层代表电路板上的物理铜层，以及用于定义丝印、阻焊和电路板边框等的图形层。 在编辑器中，总有一个层是活动的。 活动图层绘制在其他图层之上，并将成为分配给新创建对象的图层。 活动层在顶部工具栏的图层选择器下拉框中显示，在外观面板中也被突出显示。 要改变活动层，你可以左键单击外观面板中的层名，使用顶部工具栏中的下拉层选择器，或使用快捷键。 图层可以被隐藏以简化电路板视图。 你可以隐藏一个层，即使它是活动层。

note: type: Title ====
en: Display order for board layers
zh_CN: 电路板层的显示顺序

note: type: Title ===
en: The appearance panel
zh_CN: 外观面板

note: type: Plain text
en: The appearance panel provides controls to manage the visibility, color, and opacity of objects in the PCB Editor's drawing canvas.  It has three tabs: the Layers tab contains controls for the board layers, the Objects tab contains controls for different types of graphical objects, and the Nets tab contains controls for the appearance of the ratsnest and copper items.
zh_CN: 外观面板提供了管理 PCB 编辑器绘图画布中的对象的可见性、颜色和不透明度的控制。 它有三个标签：层标签包含电路板层的控制，对象标签包含不同类型图形对象的控制，网络标签包含飞线和铜对象的外观控制。

note: type: Title ====
en: Layer controls
zh_CN: 图层控件

note: type: Plain text
en: In the Layers tab of the appearance panel, each board layer is shown with its color and visibility state.  The active layer is shown highlighted with an arrow indicator to the left of the color swatch.  Left-click on a layer to choose it as the active layer.  Left-click on the corresponding visibility icon to toggle the layer between visible and hidden.  Double-click or middle-click on the color swatch to change the layer's color.
zh_CN: 在外观面板的 “层” 选项卡中，每个电路板层都显示了其颜色和可见性状态。  活动层在色块的左边有一个箭头指示器。  左键点击一个图层来选择它作为活动图层。  左键单击相应的可见性图标，在可见和隐藏之间切换该图层。  双击或中击色块来改变该图层的颜色。

note: type: Plain text
en: You must first create a custom color theme in Preferences before you can change layer colors
          in the appearance panel.
zh_CN: 必须先在偏好选项中创建自定义颜色主题，
    然后才能在“外观”面板中更改图层颜色。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below the list of layers is an expandable panel that contains layer display options.  The first setting controls how non-active layers are displayed: normal, dimmed, or hidden.  The layer display mode can be used to simplify the view and focus on a single layer.  Items on inactive layers cannot be selected when the non-active layer display mode is "Dim" or "Hide".  You can use the hotkey kbd:[Ctrl+H] to cycle through these display modes quickly.
zh_CN: 在图层列表下方是一个包含图层显示选项的可展开面板。第一个设置控制非活动图层的显示方式：正常、暗显或隐藏。层显示模式可用于简化视图并聚焦于单个层。当非活动层显示模式为 "暗显" 或 "隐藏" 时，不能选择非活动层上的对象。您可以使用快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+H] 快速切换这些显示模式。

note: type: Plain text
en: Flipping the board view does not change the visual layer ordering, the active layer will remain in front followed by the other layers in their normal order.
zh_CN: 翻转电路板视图不会更改可视层顺序，活动层将保持在最前面，其他层按正常顺序紧随其后。

note: type: Title ====
en: Object controls
zh_CN: 对象控件

note: type: Plain text
en: The Objects tab of the appearance panel is similar to the Layers tab.  The main differences are that some objects have no color setting and that four types of objects (tracks, vias, pads, and zones) have opacity control sliders.  The opacity setting here will be multiplied with any opacity set in the layer colors.  By default, all objects are fully opaque except for zones, which are set to translucent in order to make it easier to see objects through filled zone areas.
zh_CN: 外观面板的 "对象" 选项卡与 "图层" 选项卡类似。  主要区别在于，有些对象没有颜色设置，而四种类型的对象（布线、过孔、焊盘和敷铜）有不透明度控制滑块。  这里的不透明度设置将与图层颜色中设置的任何不透明度相乘。  默认情况下，所有对象都是完全不透明的，除了敷铜，敷铜被设置为半透明，以便通过敷铜区域更容易看到对象。

note: type: Title ====
en: Layer presets
zh_CN: 图层预设

note: type: Plain text
en: Layer presets store which layers and objects are visible and hidden for easy recall.  There are several built-in layer presets and you can save your own custom presets.  Custom presets are stored in the project settings for a board, as presets may be specific to a certain board stackup.
zh_CN: 图层预设存储了哪些图层和对象是可见和隐藏的，以便于调用。  有几个内置的图层预设，您也可以保存您自己的自定义预设。  自定义预设存储在一个电路板的工程设置中，因为预设可能是特定于某个电路板的层叠。

note: type: Plain text
en: To load a preset, choose it from the Presets drop-down menu at the bottom of the appearance panel or use the quick switcher by holding down kbd:[Ctrl] and pressing kbd:[Tab].  Once the quick switcher window appears, you can press kbd:[Tab] and kbd:[Shift+Tab] to cycle through the available presets.  When you let go of the kbd:[Ctrl] key, the highlighted preset will be loaded.
zh_CN: 要加载一个预设，请从外观面板底部的预设下拉菜单中选择它，或者通过按住 kbd:[Ctrl] 并按 kbd:[Tab] 来使用快速切换器。  一旦快速切换器窗口出现，你可以按 kbd:[Tab] 和 kbd:[Shift+Tab] 来循环浏览可用的预设。  当你放开 kbd:[Ctrl] 键时，高亮显示的预设将被加载。

note: type: Title ====
en: Net and net class controls
zh_CN: 网络和网络类控件

note: type: Plain text
en: The Nets tab of the appearance panel shows a list of all nets and net classes in the board.  Each net has a visibility control that controls the visibility of that net in the ratsnest.  Hiding nets in the ratsnest does not change the connectivity of the board and will not impact the design rule checker; it only is intended to make the ratsnest easier to understand.
zh_CN: 外观面板的网络选项卡显示电路板中所有网络和网络类的列表。每个网络都有一个可见性控件，用于控制该网络在飞线中的可见性。在飞线中隐藏网络不会改变电路板的连接性，也不会影响设计规则检查器；这只是为了使飞线更容易理解。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Default net class cannot have a color assigned, as nets in this class will just use the
          default ratsnest color defined by the color theme.
zh_CN: 默认网络类不能分配颜色，
         因为该类中的网络将仅使用颜色主题定义的默认飞线颜色。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can also select and highlight nets and net classes via the appearance panel: right-click on a net or net class to show these options in a menu.
zh_CN: 您还可以通过外观面板选择并高亮网络和网络类：右击网络或网络类以在菜单中显示这些选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Below the list of net classes is an expandable panel that contains net display options.  The first option controls how net colors are applied.  When "All" is selected, all copper items (pads, tracks, vias, and zones) belonging to a net or net class will take on the chosen color.  When "Ratsnest" is selected (the default value), only the ratsnest is affected by net and net class colors.  When "None" is selected, net and net class colors are ignored.
zh_CN: 网络类列表下面是一个包含网络显示选项的可扩展面板。第一个选项控制如何应用网络颜色。当选择了 “所有” 时，属于网络或网络类的所有铜对象 (焊盘、布线、过孔和敷铜) 都将呈现所选的颜色。当选中 “飞线” (默认值)时，只有飞线受网络和网络类颜色的影响。
    当选择 “无” 时，网络和网络类颜色被忽略。

note: type: Plain text
en: The second option controls how ratsnest lines are drawn.  "All layers" means that ratsnest lines will be drawn between all unconnected items.  "Visible layers" means that no ratsnest lines will be drawn to items that are on hidden layers, even when those items are unconnected.
zh_CN: 第二个选项控制如何绘制飞线。“所有图层” 表示将在所有未连接的项目之间绘制飞线。“可见层” 意味着不会向隐藏层上的项目绘制任何最新的飞线，即使这些项目是未连接的。

note: type: Title ===
en: Selection and the selection filter
zh_CN: 选择和选择筛选器

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting items in the editing canvas is done with the left mouse button.  Single-clicking on an object will select it and dragging will perform a box selection.  A box selection from left to right will only select items that are fully inside the box.  A box selection from right to left will select any items that touch the box. A left-to-right selection box is drawn in yellow, with a cursor that indicates exclusive selection, and a right-to-left selection box is drawn in blue with a cursor that indicates inclusive selection.
zh_CN: 选择编辑画布中的对象是用鼠标左键完成的。 单独点击一个对象将选择该对象，而拖动将执行框选。 从左到右的框选将只选择完全在框内的对象。 从右到左的方框选择将选择任何接触到方框的对象。从左到右的选择框是用黄色画的，光标表示排他性选择，从右到左的选择框是用蓝色画的，光标表示包容性选择。

note: type: Plain text
en: The selection action can be modified by holding modifier keys while clicking or dragging.  The following modifier keys apply when clicking to select single items:
zh_CN: 可以通过在单击或拖动的同时按住快捷键来修改选择操作。单击以选择单个对象时，将应用以下快捷键：

note: type: Plain text
en: The following modifier keys apply when dragging to perform a box selection:
zh_CN: 拖动以执行选框时，将应用以下快捷键：

note: type: Plain text
en: The selection filter panel in the lower right corner of the PCB Editor window controls which types of objects can be selected with the mouse.  Turning off selection of unwanted object types makes it easier to select items in a dense board.  The "All items" checkbox is a shortcut to turn the other items on and off.  The "Locked items" checkbox is independent of the rest, and controls whether or not items that have been locked can be selected.  You can right-click any object type in the selection filter to quickly change the filter to only allow selecting that type of object.
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器窗口右下角的选择过滤器面板控制哪些类型的对象可以用鼠标选择。 关闭不需要的对象类型的选择，可以使在密集的电路板上选择项目更加容易。 "所有项目" 复选框是打开和关闭其他项目的一个快捷方式。 "锁定的项目" 复选框与其他项目无关，它控制是否可以选择被锁定的项目。 你可以右键单击选择过滤器中的任何对象类型，快速改变过滤器，只允许选择该类型的对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: When a connected copper item is selected, you can expand the selection to other copper items of the same net using the Expand Selection command in the right-click context menu or with the hotkey kbd:[U].  The first time you run this command, the selection will be expanded to the nearest pad.  The second time, the selection will be expanded to all connected items on all layers.
zh_CN: 当一个连接的铜对象被选中时，你可以使用右键菜单中的 "扩展选择" 命令或快捷键 kbd:[U] 将选择扩展到同一网络的其他铜线对象。  第一次运行这个命令时，选择将被扩展到最近的焊盘。  第二次，选择将被扩展到所有层上的所有连接项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Selecting an object displays information about the object in the message panel at the bottom of the window. Double-clicking an object opens a window to edit the object's properties.
zh_CN: 选择一个对象会在窗口底部的信息面板上显示该对象的信息。双击一个对象可以打开一个窗口来编辑该对象的属性。

note: type: Plain text
en: Pressing kbd:[Esc] will always cancel the current tool or operation and return to the selection tool.  Pressing kbd:[Esc] while the selection tool is active will clear the current selection.
zh_CN: 按 kbd:[Esc] 将始终取消当前工具或操作，并返回到选择工具。在选择工具处于活动状态时按 kbd:[Esc] 将清除当前选择。

note: type: Title ===
en: Net highlighting
zh_CN: 网络高亮

note: type: Plain text
en: An electrical net (or set of nets) can be highlighted in the PCB editor to visualize how the net is routed across the PCB.  Net highlighting can be activated by selecting the net to highlight in the PCB editor or by selecting the corresponding net in the schematic editor when cross-probe highlighting is enabled (see below).  When net highlighting is active, the highlighted net or nets will be shown in a brighter color and all other items will be shown in a dimmer color than normal.
zh_CN: 电气网络（或一组网络）可以在 PCB 编辑器中被高亮显示，以显示该网络是如何在 PCB 上布线的。  通过在 PCB 编辑器中选择要高亮的网络，或者在启用交叉探测高亮时在原理图编辑器中选择相应的网络，可以激活网络的高亮（见下文）。  当网络高亮激活时，高亮的网络将以较亮的颜色显示，所有其他对象将以比正常颜色更暗的颜色显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: When a net or nets have been selected for highlighting, the Toggle Net Highlighting action becomes enabled on the left toolbar (also accessible by hotkey, kbd:[Ctrl+`]).  This action will turn the highlighting display on or off without choosing a new net to highlight.
zh_CN: 选择一个或多个网络进行高亮时，左侧工具栏上的切换网络高亮显示操作将被激活(也可通过快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+`] 访问)。此操作将打开或关闭高亮，而无需选择要高亮的新网络。

note: type: Title ===
en: Cross-probing from the schematic
zh_CN: 从原理图交叉探测

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad allows bi-directional cross-probing between the schematic and the PCB.  There are several different types of cross-probing.
zh_CN: KiCad 允许在原理图和 PCB 之间进行双向交叉探测。  有几种不同类型的交叉探测。

note: type: Title =====
en: Left toolbar display controls
zh_CN: 左侧工具栏显示控件

note: type: Plain text
en: The left toolbar provides options to change the display of items in the PCB Editor.
zh_CN: 左侧的工具栏提供了改变 PCB 编辑器中对象显示的选项。

note: type: Title ==
en: Editing a board
zh_CN: 编辑电路板

note: type: Title ===
en: Placement and drawing operations
zh_CN: 放置和绘制操作

note: type: Plain text
en: Placement and drawing tools are located in the right toolbar.  When a tool is activated, it stays active until a different tool is selected or the tool is canceled with the kbd:[Esc] key.  The selection tool is always activated when any other tool is canceled.
zh_CN: 放置和绘图工具位于右侧工具栏中。  当一个工具被激活时，它将一直处于激活状态，直到选择了一个不同的工具或用 kbd:[Esc] 键取消该工具。  当任何其他工具被取消时，选择工具总是被激活。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some toolbar buttons have more than one tool available in a palette.  These tools are indicated with a small arrow in the lower-right corner of the button: image:images/pcbnew_palette_buttons.png[]
zh_CN: 某些工具栏按钮在调色板中有多个可用工具。这些工具由按钮右下角的小箭头表示：image:images/pcbnew_palette_buttons.png[]

note: type: Plain text
en: To show the palette, you can click and hold the mouse button on the tool or click and drag the mouse.  The palette will show the most recently used tool when it is closed.
zh_CN: 要显示调色板，你可以在工具上点击并按住鼠标按钮，或者点击并拖动鼠标。  调色板关闭时将显示最近使用的工具。

note: type: Title ===
en: Editing object properties
zh_CN: 编辑对象属性

note: type: Title ===
en: Board outlines (Edge Cuts)
zh_CN: 电路板边框 (Edge Cuts)

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad uses graphical objects on the `Edge.Cuts` layer to define the board outline.  The outline must be a continuous (closed) shape, but can be made up of different types of graphical object such as lines and arcs, or be a single object such as a rectangle or polygon.  If no board outline is defined, or the board outline is invalid, some functions such as the 3D viewer and some design rule checks will not be functional.
zh_CN: KiCad 使用 `Edge.Cuts` 层上的图形对象来定义电路板的边框。  边框必须是一个连续（封闭）的形状，但可以由不同类型的图形对象组成，如直线和弧，或者是一个单一的对象，如矩形或多边形。  如果没有定义电路板的边框，或者电路板的边框无效，那么一些功能，如 3D 查看器和一些设计规则的检查将无法发挥作用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Working with footprints
zh_CN: 使用封装

note: type: Title ===
en: Working with pads
zh_CN: 使用焊盘

note: type: Plain text
en: The properties of each individual pad of a footprint can be inspected and edited after placing the footprint on the board.  In other words, it is possible to override the design of an individual footprint pad in a specific instance of the footprint on the board, if the footprint design in the library is not appropriate.  For example, you may wish to remove the solder paste aperture for a pad that needs to remain unsoldered in a specific design, or you may wish to move the location of a through-hole pad for an axial-lead resistor in order to fit a specific design.
zh_CN: 在将封装放置在电路板上之后，可以检查和编辑封装的每个单独的焊盘的属性。 换句话说，如果库中的封装设计不合适，就可以在电路板上封装的特定实例中覆盖单个封装焊盘的设计。 例如，你可能希望为一个需要在特定设计中保持不焊接的焊盘去除锡膏孔，或者你可能希望移动一个轴向引线电阻的通孔焊盘的位置，以适应特定的设计。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, the position of all footprint pads are locked, so it is possible to edit the pad
          properties but not move the pad's location relative to the rest of the footprint.  Pads may
          be unlocked to allow free movement, which can be useful for certain applications (such as
          through-hole footprints with varying lead positions) but is generally never recommended for
          surface-mount footprints.
zh_CN: 默认情况下，所有封装焊盘的位置都被锁定，因此可以编辑焊盘属性，但不能移动焊盘相对于封装其他部分的位置。 焊盘可以被解锁以允许自由移动，这对某些应用很有用（如具有不同引线位置的通孔封装），但通常不建议用于表面贴装封装。

note: type: Plain text
en: The pad properties dialog is opened through the context menu or default hotkey kbd:[E] when a pad is selected.  Note that KiCad assumes that if you click near a pad, you are probably trying to select the entire footprint rather than a single pad.  To select a single pad, make sure to click inside the pad area, or turn off the Footprints setting in the selection filter (and make sure the Pads setting is turned on) to prevent accidental selection of the entire footprint rather than a specific pad.
zh_CN: 当一个焊盘被选中时，焊盘属性对话框将通过上下文菜单或默认的快捷键 kbd:[E] 打开。 请注意，KiCad 认为如果你在焊盘附近点击，你可能是想选择整个封装而不是单个焊盘。 要选择单个焊盘，请确保在焊盘区域内点击，或者关闭选择过滤器中的 "封装" 设置（并确保 "焊盘" 设置打开），以防止意外地选择整个封装而不是特定的焊盘。

note: type: Title ===
en: Working with zones
zh_CN: 使用敷铜

note: type: Plain text
en: Copper zones, also sometimes called copper pours or fills by other EDA tools, are solid or hatched areas of copper assigned to a particular net that automatically keep clearance from other copper objects.  Zones are commonly used to fill in all free space on a board layer (or a portion of a layer) in order to create ground and power planes, carry high currents, or to provide shielding.
zh_CN: 敷铜区域，有时也被其他 EDA 工具称为铺铜或覆铜，是分配给一个特定网络的实心或网格状的铜箔区域，敷铜区域会自动保持与其他铜对象的间隙。 敷铜区域通常用于填充板层（或板层的一部分）上的所有自由空间，以创建接地和电源平面，承载大电流，或提供屏蔽。

note: type: Plain text
en: Some EDA tools have separate tools for creating "plane layers" and for creating copper zones
          on signal layers.  In KiCad, the Copper Zone tool is used for both these applications.
zh_CN: 一些 EDA 工具有单独的工具用于创建 "平面层" 及在信号层上创建敷铜区域。 在 KiCad 中，敷铜工具用于这两种应用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Zones are defined by a polygonal **outline** that defines the maximum extent of the filled copper area.  This outline does not represent physical copper and will not appear in exported manufacturing data.  The actual copper areas of the zone must be **filled** each time the outline, or any objects inside the outline, are modified.  The filling process may be run on a single zone, or on all zones in a board (default hotkey kbd:[B]).  Zones may be **unfilled** (default hotkey kbd:[Ctrl+B]) to improve performance and reduce visual clutter while editing large boards.
zh_CN: 区域是由一个多边形的 **边框** 来定义的，它定义了敷铜区域的最大范围。 这个边框并不代表实物铜，也不会出现在导出的制造数据中。 每次修改边框或边框内的任何对象时，必须 **填充** 该敷铜区域。 填充过程可以在单个敷铜区域上运行，也可以在电路板的所有区域上运行（默认快捷键 kbd:[B]）。 敷铜区域可以 **不填充**（默认快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+B]），以提高性能并减少编辑大型电路板时的视觉混乱。

note: type: Plain text
en: To draw a zone, click the Add Filled Zone tool (image:images/icons/add_zone_24.png[]) on the right toolbar, or use default hotkey kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+Z].  Click to choose the first point of the zone outline.  The Zone Properties dialog will appear, allowing you to choose the zone net and other properties.  These properties may be edited at any time, so it is not critical to choose them all correctly at first.  Accept the dialog and continue placing points to define the zone outline.  To finish the zone, double-click to set the last point.  Zone outline points may be modified like graphic polygons, by dragging the square handles to move a corner or dragging the circular handles to move an edge.  To edit the zone's properties, use hotkey kbd:[E] or select Properties from the context menu.
zh_CN: 要绘制一个敷铜区域，请点击右侧工具栏的 “添加敷铜区域” 工具（image:images/icons/add_zone_24.png[]），或者使用默认的快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+Shift+Z]。 点击选择敷铜区域边框的第一个点。 敷铜区域属性对话框将出现，允许你选择敷铜区域的网络和其他属性。 这些属性可以在任何时候进行编辑，所以一开始正确选择它们并不是关键。 接受该对话框，继续放置点来定义敷铜区域的边框。 要完成这个区域，请双击来设置最后一个点。敷铜区域边框点可以像图形多边形一样进行修改，通过拖动方形手柄来移动一个角，或者拖动圆形手柄来移动一条边。 要编辑该敷铜区域的属性，请使用快捷键 kbd:[E] 或从上下文菜单中选择 “属性”。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, chamfers and fillets are not added to **inside corners** of the zone outline,
          because this would result in filled copper extending _outside_ the outline.  If smooth inside
          corners are desired, enable the **Allow fillets outside zone outline** option in the
          Constraints section of the Board Setup dialog.
zh_CN: 默认情况下，倒角和圆角不会被添加到区域边框的**内角**，因为这将导致填充的铜延伸到边框之外。 如果需要光滑的内角，请在电路板设置对话框的约束部分启用 **允许敷铜区域边框外的圆角** 选项。

note: type: Plain text
en: Regardless of the **remove islands** setting, islands are never removed
          from zones that are electrically unconnected. In other words, islands are
          only removed from zones that have at least one electrical connection.
zh_CN: 无论 **移除死铜** 设置如何，死铜都不会从没有电气连接的敷铜区域中移除。 换句话说，仅可以从具有至少一个电气连接的敷铜中移除死铜。

note: type: Title ===
en: Routing tracks
zh_CN: 布线

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad features an interactive router that:
zh_CN: KiCad 具有交互式布线器的功能：

note: type: Plain text
en: Enables modifications of existing designs by:
zh_CN: 可通过以下方式修改现有设计：

note: type: Plain text
en: Re-routing existing tracks when they are dragged
zh_CN: 拖动已有导线时进行重新布线

note: type: Plain text
en: Re-routing tracks attached to footprint pads when the footprint is dragged
zh_CN: 拖动封装时对连接到封装焊盘的导线进行重新布线

note: type: Plain text
en: Allows tuning of track lengths and differential pair skew (phase) by inserting serpentine +
zh_CN: 允许通过插入蛇形线 `+` 来调整布线长度和差分对的偏移（相位）

note: type: Plain text
en: tuning shapes for designs with tight timing requirements
zh_CN: 为具有严格时序要求的设计调整布线形状

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, the router respects the configured design rules when placing tracks: the size (width)  of new tracks will be taken from the design rules and the router will respect the copper clearance set in the design rules when determining where new tracks and vias can be placed.  It is possible to disable this behavior if desired by using the Highlight Collisions router mode and turning on the Allow DRC Violations option in the router settings (see below).
zh_CN: 默认情况下，布线器在放置布线时遵循配置的设计规则：新布线的尺寸（宽度）将取自设计规则。在确定新布线和过孔的放置位置时，布线器将遵循设计规则中设置的铜间隙。  如果需要的话，可以通过使用高亮冲突布线器模式，或打开布线器设置中的 “允许 DRC 违规” 选项来禁用这种行为（见下文）。

note: type: Plain text
en: To route tracks, click the Route Tracks image:images/icons/add_tracks_24.png[] icon (from the drawing toolbar or from the top toolbar under *Route*) or use the hotkey kbd:[X].  Click on a starting location to select which net to route and begin routing.  The net being routed will automatically be highlighted and the allowable clearance for the net will be indicated with a gray outline around the tracks being routed.  The clearance outline can be disabled by changing the Clearance Outlines setting in the Display Options section of the Preferences dialog.
zh_CN: 要进行布线布线，请点击布线 image:images/icons/add_tracks_24.png[] 图标（从绘图工具栏或从顶部工具栏 *布线* 菜单中）或使用快捷键 kbd:[X]。  点击一个起始位置，选择要布线的网络，并开始布线。  布线的网络会自动高亮显示，网络允许的间隙会在当前布线的周围用灰色的轮廓表示。  可以通过改变 "偏好设置" 对话框中的 "间隙轮廓" 设置来禁用间隙轮廓功能。

note: type: Plain text
en: When the router is active, new track segments will be drawn from the routing start point to the editor cursor.  These tracks are _unfixed_ temporary objects that show what tracks will be created when you use a left-click or the kbd:[Enter] key to _fix_ the route.  The unfixed track segments are shown in a brighter color than the fixed track segments.  When you exit the router using the kbd:[Esc] key or by selecting another tool, only the fixed track segments will be saved.  The Finish Route action (hotkey kbd:[End]) will fix all tracks and exit the router.
zh_CN: 当布线器处于活动状态时，将从布线起点到编辑器光标绘制新的线段。这些线段是未固定的临时 (_unfixed_ temporary) 对象，它们显示当您左键鼠标或 kbd:[Enter] 键来确定布线 (_fix_ the route) 时将创建哪些线段。非固定布线段以比固定布线段更亮的颜色显示。当您使用 kbd:[Esc] 键或通过选择另一个工具退出布线器时，将只保存固定布线段。完成布线操作(快捷键 kbd:[End]) 将固定所有布线并退出布线器。

note: type: Plain text
en: While you are routing, you can use the Undo Last Segment command (hotkey kbd:[Backspace]) to unfix the tracks you most recently fixed.  You can use this command repeatedly to step back through the route that you have already fixed.
zh_CN: 在布线时，可以使用 "撤消上一个布线段" 命令 (快捷键 kbd:[Backspace]) 取消上一个固定的布线。您可以重复使用此命令后退已固定的布线。

note: type: Plain text
en: While routing, you can hold the kbd:[Ctrl] key to disable grid snapping, and hold the kbd:[Shift] key to disable snapping to objects such as pads and vias.
zh_CN: 布线时，可以按住 kbd:[Ctrl] 键禁用网格捕捉，按住 kbd:[Shift] 键禁用对焊盘和过孔等对象的捕捉。

note: type: Plain text
en: Snapping to objects can also be disabled by changing the Magnetic Points preferences in the
          Editing Options section of the Preferences dialog.  We recommend that you leave object
          snapping enabled in general, so that you do not accidentally end tracks slightly off-center
          on a pad or via.
zh_CN: 也可以通过更改偏好设置对话框的编辑选项部分中的磁吸点首选项来禁用对象的捕捉。
    我们建议您在一般情况下保持启用对象捕捉，这样就不会意外地在焊盘或过孔上略微偏离中心结束布线。

note: type: Title ====
en: Interactive router settings
zh_CN: 交互式布线设置

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/pcbnew_interactive_router_settings.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_interactive_router_settings.png

note: type: Title ====
en: Track posture
zh_CN: 布线形态

note: type: Plain text
en: When routing in H/V/45 mode, the _posture_ refers to how a set of two track segments connect two points that cannot be reached by a single H/V/45-degree segment.  In such a case, the points will be connected by one horizontal or vertical segment and one diagonal (45-degree) segment.  The posture refers to the order of these segments: whether the horizontal/vertical segment or the diagonal segment comes first.
zh_CN: 在水平(H) / 垂直 (V) / 45 度模式下布线时，_形态_ 是指一组两个线段如何连接单个 H/V/45 度线段无法到达的两个点。 在这种情况下，这些点将由一条水平或垂直线段和一条斜线段 (45度) 连接。形态指的是这些线段的顺序：是水平/垂直线段在前还是斜线段在前。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's router attempts to pick the best posture automatically based on a number of factors.  In general, the router will attempt to minimize the number of corners in a route, and will avoid "bad" corners such as acute angles whenever possible.  When routing from or to a pad, KiCad will choose the posture that lines up the route with the longest edge of the pad.
zh_CN: KiCad 的布线器会尝试根据一系列因素自动选择最佳形态。一般说来，布线器会尝试最大限度地减少路线中的拐角数量，并尽可能避免 "槽糕" 的拐角 (如锐角)。当从焊盘布线或布线到焊盘时，KiCad 将选择使路线与焊盘最长边缘对齐的形态。

note: type: Plain text
en: In some cases, KiCad cannot guess the posture you intend correctly.  To switch the posture of the track while routing, use the Switch Track Posture command (hotkey kbd:[/]).
zh_CN: 在某些情况下，KiCad 无法正确猜测您想要的形态。要在布线时切换布线的形态，请使用切换布线形态命令 (快捷键 kbd:[/])。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you use the Switch Track Posture command to override the posture chosen by KiCad, the
          automatic detection of posture from mouse movement will be disabled for the remainder of the
          current routing operation.
zh_CN: 如果使用切换布线形态(Switch Track Posture)命令覆盖 KiCad 选择的形态，则在当前布线操作的剩余部分中，将禁用鼠标移动姿势的自动检测。

note: type: Title ====
en: Track corner mode
zh_CN: 布线转角模式

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's router can place tracks with either sharp or rounded (arc) corners when routing in H/V/45 mode.  To switch between sharp and rounded corners, use the Track Corner Mode command (hotkey kbd:[Ctrl+/]).  When routing with rounded corners, each routing step will place either a straight segment, a single arc, or both a straight segment and an arc.  The track posture determines whether the arc or the straight segment will be placed first.
zh_CN: 当以 H/V/45 模式布线时，KiCad 的布线器可以放置尖角或圆角 (弧形) 的布线。要在尖角和圆角之间切换，请使用布线拐角模式命令 (快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+/])。使用圆角布线时，每个布线步骤将放置直线段、单个圆弧或同时放置直线段和圆弧。布线形态决定首先放置圆弧还是直线段。

note: type: Table
en: Track width
zh_CN: 布线宽度

note: type: Plain text
en: The track width can never be lower than the minimum track width configured in the Constraints
          section of the Board Setup dialog.  If a pre-defined width is added that is lower than this
          minimum constraint, the minimum constraint value will be used instead.
zh_CN: 布线宽度永远不能小于在电路板设置对话框的约束部分中配置的最小布线宽度。如果添加的预定义宽度低于此最小约束，则将使用最小约束值。

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad's router supports a single track width for the active route.  In other words, to change widths in the middle of a track, you must end the route and then restart a new route from the end of the previous route.  To change the width of the active route, use the hotkeys kbd:[W] and kbd:[Shift+W] to step through the track widths configured in the Board Setup dialog.
zh_CN: KiCad 的布线器支持活动布线过程中的布线宽度调整。  换句话说，要改变导线中间的宽度，必须结束布线，然后从上一个布线的末端重新开始一条新的布线。  要改变活动布线的宽度，可使用快捷键 kbd:[W] 和 kbd:[Shift+W]，切换在电路板设置对话框中配置的布线宽度。

note: type: Title ====
en: Placing vias
zh_CN: 放置过孔

note: type: Plain text
en: While routing tracks, switching layers will insert a through via at the end of the current (unfixed) track.  Once you place the via, routing will continue on the new layer.  There are several ways to select a new layer and insert a via:
zh_CN: 在进行布线时，切换层会在当前（未固定）导线的末端插入一个过孔。  一旦你放置了过孔，布线将继续在新层上进行。  有几种方法可以选择一个新层并插入过孔：

note: type: Plain text
en: By using the hotkey to select a specific layer, such as kbd:[PgUp] to select `F.Cu` or kbd:[PgDn] to select `B.Cu`.
zh_CN: 使用快捷键选择特定的图层，如 kbd:[PgUp] 选择 `F.Cu` 或 kbd:[PgDn] 选择 `B.Cu`。

note: type: Plain text
en: By using the Select Layer and Place Through Via action (hotkey kbd:[<]), which will open a dialog to select the target layer.
zh_CN: 通过使用 "选择图层并放置通孔过孔" 操作(快捷键 kbd:[<])，将打开一个对话框来选择目标层。

note: type: Plain text
en: The size of the via will be taken from the active Via Size setting, accessible from the drop-down in the top toolbar or the Increase Via Size (kbd:[']) and Decrease Via Size (kbd:[\ ]) hotkeys.  Much like track width, when the via size is set to "use netclass sizes", the via sizes configured in the Net Classes section of the Board Setup will be used (unless overridden by a custom design rule).
zh_CN: 过孔的尺寸将取自当前的 “过孔尺寸” 设置中，可通过顶部工具栏的下拉列表或使用快捷键 (kbd:[']) “增加过孔尺寸” 及快捷键 (kbd:[\ ]) “减小过孔尺寸” 。与布线宽度类似，当过孔大小设置为"使用网络类尺寸" 时，将使用 "电路板设置" 的 "网络类" 部分中配置的过孔大小 (除非被自定义设计规则覆盖)。

note: type: Plain text
en: Vias placed by the router are considered to be part of a routed track.  This means that the via net can be updated automatically (just like track nets can), for example when updating the PCB from the schematic changes the net name of the track.  In some cases this may not be desired, such as when creating stitching vias.  The automatic update of via nets can be disabled for specific vias by turning off the "automatically update via nets" checkbox in the via properties dialog.  Vias placed with the Add Free-standing Vias tool are created with this setting disabled.
zh_CN: 布线器放置的过孔被认为是已布线导线的一部分。  这意味着过孔网络可以自动更新（就像导线网络一样），例如，当从原理图中更新 PCB 时改变了导线的网络名。  在某些情况下，这可能是不需要的，例如在创建缝合孔时。  对于特定的过孔，可以通过关闭过孔属性对话框中的 "自动更新过孔网络" 复选框来禁用过孔网络的自动更新。  使用 "添加独立过孔" 工具放置的过孔在创建时禁用这一设置。

note: type: Title ====
en: Modifying tracks
zh_CN: 修改布线

note: type: Plain text
en: After tracks have been routed, they can be modified by moving or dragging, or deleted and re-routed.  When a single track segment is selected, the hotkey kbd:[U] can be used to expand the selection to all connected track segments.  The first press of kbd:[U] will select track segments between the nearest junctions with pads or vias.  The second press of kbd:[U] will expand the selection again to include all track segments connected to the selected track on all layers.  Selecting tracks with this technique can be used to quickly delete an entire routed net.
zh_CN: 布线完成后，可以通过移动或拖动来修改它们，或者删除并重新布线。  当选择一个导线时，快捷键 kbd:[U] 可以用来将选择范围扩大到所有连接的导线。  第一次按下 kbd:[U] 将选择与焊盘或过孔最近的连接点之间的导线。  第二次按 kbd:[U] 将再次扩大选择范围，包括所有层上与所选导线相连的所有导线。  用这种技术选择导线可以用来快速删除整个布线网络。

note: type: Plain text
en: Dragging of tracks containing arcs is not yet possible.  Attempting to drag these tracks will
          result in the arcs being removed in some cases.  It is possible to resize a particular arc by
          selecting it and using the drag command (kbd:[D]).  When resizing an arc using this command,
          no DRC checking is performed.
zh_CN: 目前还不能拖动包含圆弧的布线。在某些情况下，尝试拖动这些布线会导致圆弧被删除。可以通过选中特定圆弧并使用拖动命令 (kbd:[D]) 来调整其大小。使用此命令调整圆弧大小时，不执行 DRC 检查。

note: type: Plain text
en: The Move command (hotkey kbd:[M]) can also be used on track segments.  This command will pick up the selected track segments, ignoring any attached track segments or vias that are not selected.  No DRC checking is done when moving tracks using the Move command.
zh_CN: 移动命令（快捷键 kbd:[M]）也可以在导线上使用。  该命令将拾取选定的导线，而忽略任何未被选中的附加导线或过孔。  使用移动命令移动导线时，不会进行 DRC 检查。

note: type: Title ====
en: Routing differential pairs
zh_CN: 差分对布线

note: type: Plain text
en: To route a differential pair, click the Route Differential Pairs image:images/icons/ps_diff_pair_24.png[] icon (from the drawing toolbar or from the top toolbar under *Route*) or use the hotkey kbd:[6].  Click on a pad, via, or the end of an existing differential pair track to start routing.  You can start routing from either the positive or negative net of a differential pair.
zh_CN: 要对差分对进行布线，请点击差分对布线 image:images/icons/ps_diff_pair_24.png[] 图标（从绘图工具栏或从顶部工具栏 *布线* 下）或使用快捷键 kbd:[6]。  点击一个焊盘、过孔或现有差分对线段的末端，开始布线。  你可以从差分对的正网络或负网络开始布线。

note: type: Plain text
en: The differential pair router will attempt to route the pair of tracks with a gap taken from the design rules (differential pair gap can be configured in the Net Classes section of the Board Setup dialog, or by using custom design rules).  If the starting or ending location of the route is a different distance apart from the configured gap, the router will create a short "fan out" section to minimize the length of track where the differential pair is not coupled.
zh_CN: 差分对布线器将尝试用设计规则中的间隙规则进行布线(差分对间隙可以在电路板设置对话框的 “网络类” 部分中配置，也可以通过使用自定义设计规则来配置)。如果布线的起始或结束位置与配置的间隙不同，布线器将创建一个较短的 "扇出" 部分，以最大限度地缩短差分对未耦合的布线长度。

note: type: Plain text
en: When switching layers or using the Place Via (kbd:[V]) action, the differential pair router will create two vias next to each other.  These vias will be placed as close as possible to each other while respecting the design rules for copper and hole-to-hole clearance.
zh_CN: 当切换层或使用 放置过孔 (kbd:[V]) 操作时，差分对布线器将创建两个相邻的过孔。这些过孔将被放置在尽可能靠近彼此的位置，同时遵守铜的间隙规则以及孔到孔的间隙规则。

note: type: Title ====
en: Length tuning
zh_CN: 长度调整

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/pcbnew_length_tuning_settings.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_length_tuning_settings.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Variables must be defined in
          <<board-setup-text-variables,Board Setup>> before they can be
          used. There are also a number of
          <<text-variables,built-in text variables>>.
zh_CN: 变量必须在
          <<board-setup-text-variables,电路板设置>> 中定义，才可以使用。
          也有一些
          <<text-variables, 内置文本变量>>。

note: type: Title ====
en: Dimensions
zh_CN: 尺寸标注

note: type: Plain text
en: Dimensions are graphical objects used to show a measurement or other marking on a board design.  They may be added on any drawing layer, but are normally added to one of the User layers.  KiCad currently supports five different types of dimension: aligned, orthogonal, center, radial, and leader.
zh_CN: 尺寸标注是用于显示测量值或电路板设计上的其他标记的图形对象。  它们可以被添加到任何绘图层中，但通常被添加到某个用户层。  KiCad 目前支持五种不同类型的标注：对齐、正交、中心、径向和引线。

note: type: Plain text
en: After creating a dimension, its properties may be edited (hotkey kbd:[E]) to change the format of the displayed number and the style of the text and graphic lines.
zh_CN: 创建一个尺寸标注后，可以编辑其属性（快捷键 kbd:[E]）以改变显示数字的格式以及文本和图形线的风格。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/dimensions_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/dimensions_dialog.png

note: type: Title =====
en: Dimension format options
zh_CN: 尺寸标注格式选项

note: type: Title =====
en: Dimension text options
zh_CN: 尺寸标注文本选项

note: type: Plain text
en: Most of the dimension text options are identical to those options available for other graphical text objects (see the Graphical Objects section above).  Some specific options for dimension text are also available:
zh_CN: 大多数尺寸标注文本选项与其他图形文本对象的选项相同（见上面的图形对象部分）。  也有一些特殊的选项适用于尺寸标注文本：

note: type: Title =====
en: Dimension line options
zh_CN: 尺寸标注线选项

note: type: Title =====
en: Leader options
zh_CN: 引线选项

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/dimensions_leader.png
zh_CN: images/zh/dimensions_leader.png

note: type: Title ====
en: Bulk editing text and graphics
zh_CN: 批量编辑文本和图形

note: type: Title =====
en: Scope and Filters
zh_CN: 范围和筛选器

note: type: Plain text
en: Properties for filtered objects can be set to new values in the bottom part of the dialog. Properties can be set to arbitrary values by selecting *set to specified values* or reset to their layer's default value by selecting *set to layer default values*.
zh_CN: 被筛选对象的属性可以在对话框的底部设置为新的值。通过选择 *设置为指定值*，可以将属性设置为任意值，或者通过选择 *设置为图层默认值*，将属性重置为其图层的默认值。

note: type: Plain text
en: Drop-down lists and text boxes can be set to `-- leave unchanged --` to preserve existing values. Checkboxes can be checked or unchecked to enable or disable a change, but can also be toggled to a third "leave unchanged" state.
zh_CN: 下拉列表和文本框可以被设置为 `--保持不变--` 以保留现有值。复选框可以被选中或不被选中，以启用或禁用某个变化，但也可以切换到第三种 "保持不变" 状态。

note: type: Plain text
en: All items can have their *layer* set.
zh_CN: 所有项目都可以设置其 *层*。

note: type: Plain text
en: Graphic items can have their *line thickness* modified.
zh_CN: 图形对象可以修改其 *线的粗细*。

note: type: Title ===
en: Locking
zh_CN: 锁定

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/pcbnew_locked_items_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/pcbnew_locked_items_dialog.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Forward and back annotation
zh_CN: 向前和向后批注

note: type: Title ====
en: Update PCB From Schematic (forward annotation)
zh_CN: 从原理图更新 PCB（正向批注）

note: type: Plain text
en: Use the Update PCB from Schematic tool to sync design information from the Schematic Editor to the Board Editor. The tool can be accessed with **Tools** -> **Update PCB from Schematic** (kbd:[F8]) in both the schematic and board editors. You can also use the image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[Update PCB from Schematic icon] icon in the top toolbar of the Board Editor. This process is often called forward annotation.
zh_CN: 使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将设计信息从原理图编辑器同步到电路板编辑器。在原理图编辑器和电路板编辑器中都可以用 **工具** -> **从原理图更新 PCB**（kbd:[F8]）来访问该工具。你也可以使用电路板编辑器顶部工具栏上的 image:images/icons/update_pcb_from_sch_24.png[从原理图更新 PCB 图标] 图标。这个过程通常被称为正向批注。

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool adds the footprint for each symbol to the board and transfers updated schematic information to the board. In particular, the board's net connections are updated to match the schematic.
zh_CN: 该工具将每个符号的封装添加到电路板上，并将更新的原理图信息传输到电路板上。尤其重要的是，电路板的网络连接也将更新以匹配原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the PCB are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The PCB is not modified until you click the **Update PCB** button.
zh_CN: 将对 PCB 进行的变更列在 _待应用的变更_ 窗格中。在你点击 **更新 PCB** 按钮之前，PCB 不会被修改。

note: type: Plain text
en: You can show or hide different types of messages using the checkboxes at the bottom of the window. A report of the changes can be saved to a file using the **Save...** button.
zh_CN: 你可以使用窗口底部的复选框来显示或隐藏不同类型的信息。可以使用 **保存...** 按钮将变更的报告保存到文件中。

note: type: Title =====
en: Options
zh_CN: 选项

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool has several options to control its behavior.
zh_CN: 该工具有几个选项来控制其行为。

note: type: Title ====
en: Update Schematic from PCB (back annotation)
zh_CN: 从 PCB 更新原理图（反向批注）。

note: type: Plain text
en: The typical workflow in KiCad is to make changes in the schematic and then sync the changes to the board using the Update PCB From Schematic tool. However, the reverse process is also possible: design changes can be made in the board and then synced back to the schematic using **Tools** -> **Update Schematic From PCB** in either the schematic or board editors. This process is often called back annotation.
zh_CN: KiCad 的典型工作流程是在原理图中进行修改，然后使用 "从原理图更新 PCB" 工具将修改内容同步到电路板上。然而，相反的过程也是可行的：可以在电路板上进行设计修改，然后在原理图或电路板编辑器中使用 **工具** -> **从 PCB 更新原理图** 同步到原理图上。这个过程通常被称为反向批注。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Update schematic from PCB
zh_CN: 从 PCB 更新原理图

note: type: Plain text
en: The tool syncs changes in reference designators, values, footprint assignments, and net names from the board to the schematic. Each type of change can be individually enabled or disabled.
zh_CN: 该工具将位号、值、封装分配和网络名称的变化从电路板同步到原理图。每种类型的变更都可以单独启用或禁用。

note: type: Plain text
en: The changes that will be made to the schematic are listed in the _Changes To Be Applied_ pane. The schematic is not modified until you click the **Update Schematic** button.
zh_CN: 将对原理图进行的变更列在 _待应用的变更_ 窗格中。在您点击 **更新原理图** 按钮之前，原理图不会被修改。

note: type: Plain text
en: The <<geographical-re-annotation,Geographical Reannotation>>
          feature can be used in combination with backannotating reference
          designators to reannotate all components in the design based on their
          location in the layout.
zh_CN: <<geographical-re-annotation, 按位置重新批注>> 功能可以与反向批注位号结合使用，根据设计中的位置重新批注所有元件。

note: type: Title =====
en: Back annotation with CMP files
zh_CN: 用 CMP 文件进行反向批注

note: type: Plain text
en: Select changes can also be synced from the PCB back to the schematic by exporting a CMP file from the PCB editor (**File** -> **Export** -> **Footprint Association (.cmp) File...**) and importing it in the Schematic Editor (**File** -> **Import** -> **Footprint Assignments...**).
zh_CN: 通过从 PCB 编辑器导出 CMP 文件（**文件** -> **导出** -> **封装关联（.cmp）文件...**）并在原理图编辑器中导入（**文件** -> **导入** -> **封装分配...**），也可以将选择的变化从 PCB 上同步到原理图。

note: type: Plain text
en: This method can only sync changes made to footprint assignments and footprint fields. It is recommended to use the Update Schematic from PCB tool instead.
zh_CN: 这种方法只能同步对封装分配和封装字段的修改。建议使用 "从 PCB 更新原理图" 工具来代替。

note: type: Title ====
en: Geographical re-annotation
zh_CN: 按位置重新批注

note: type: Title ==
en: Footprints and footprint libraries
zh_CN: 封装和封装库

note: type: Title ===
en: Managing footprint libraries
zh_CN: 管理封装库

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad uses a table of footprint libraries to map footprint libraries of any supported library type to a library nickname. KiCad uses a global footprint library table as well as a table specific to each project. To edit either footprint library table, use **Preferences** -> **Manage Footprint Libraries...**.
zh_CN: KiCad 使用一个封装库表，将所有支持的库类型的封装库映射到库的昵称(Nickname)。KiCad 使用一个全局封装库表，以及一个针对每个工程的表。要编辑任何一个封装库表，请使用 **偏好设置**-> **管理封装库...**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: footprint library table dialog
zh_CN: 封装库表对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The global footprint library table contains the list of libraries that are always available regardless of the currently loaded project. The table is saved in the file `fp-lib-table` in the KiCad configuration folder.  xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[The location of this folder] depends on the operating system being used.
zh_CN: 全局封装库表包含了始终可以使用的库列表，无论当前加载的工程是什么。该表保存在 KiCad 配置文件夹中的 `fp-lib-table` 文件中。xref:../kicad/kicad.adoc#config-file-location[该文件夹的位置] 取决于正在使用的操作系统。

note: type: Plain text
en: The project specific footprint library table contains the list of libraries that are available specifically for the currently loaded project. If there are any project-specific footprint libraries, the table is saved in the file `fp-lib-table` in the project folder.
zh_CN: 工程专用的封装库表包含了专门为当前加载的工程提供的库的列表。如果有任何工程专用的封装库，该表将保存在工程文件夹中的 `fp-lib-table` 文件中。

note: type: Title ====
en: Initial Configuration
zh_CN: 初始配置

note: type: Title ====
en: Managing Table Entries
zh_CN: 管理表的条目

note: type: Plain text
en: Footprint libraries can only be used if they have been added to either the global or project-specific footprint library table.
zh_CN: 封装库只有在被添加到全局或工程专用的封装库表中时才能被使用。

note: type: Plain text
en: Add a library either by clicking the image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[Folder icon] button and selecting a library or clicking the image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[Plus icon] button and typing the path to a library file. The selected library will be added to the currently opened library table (Global or Project Specific). Libraries can be removed by selecting desired library entries and clicking the image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[Delete icon] button.
zh_CN: 通过点击 image:images/icons/small_folder_16.png[文件夹图标] 按钮并选择一个库或点击 image:images/icons/small_plus_16.png[加号图标] 按钮并输入库文件的路径来添加一个库。选定的库将被添加到当前打开的库表中（全局或工程专用）。可以通过选择所需的库条目并点击 image:images/icons/small_trash_16.png[删除图标] 按钮来删除库。

note: type: Plain text
en: The image:images/icons/small_up_16.png[Up icon] and image:images/icons/small_down_16.png[Down icon] buttons move the selected library up and down in the library table. This does not affect the display order of libraries in the Footprint Library Browser, Footprint Editor, or Add Footprint tool.
zh_CN: 点击 image:images/icons/small_up_16.png[Up icon]和image:images/icons/small_down_16.png[向下图标] 按钮在库表中上下移动所选库。这并不影响在 "封装库浏览器"、"封装编辑器 "或 "添加封装工具 "中显示库的顺序。

note: type: Plain text
en: Libraries can be made inactive by unchecking the *Active* checkbox in the first column. Inactive libraries are still in the library table but do not appear in any library browsers and are not loaded from disk, which can reduce loading times.
zh_CN: 通过取消选中第一列中的 *活动* 复选框，可以使库处于非活动状态。 非活动库仍在库表中，但不会出现在任何库浏览器中，也不会从磁盘加载，这样可以减少加载时间。

note: type: Plain text
en: A range of libraries can be selected by clicking the first library in the range and then kbd:[Shift]-clicking the last library in the range.
zh_CN: 点击范围内的第一个库，然后 kbd:[Shift] 点击范围内的最后一个库，可以选择一系列库。

note: type: Plain text
en: Each library must have a unique nickname: duplicate library nicknames are not allowed in the same table. However, nicknames can be duplicated between the global and project library tables. Libraries in the project table take precedence over libraries with the same name in the global table.
zh_CN: 每个库必须有一个独特的昵称：在同一个表中不允许有重复的库昵称。然而，昵称可以在全局和工程库表中重复。工程表中的库比全局表中的同名库更有优先权。

note: type: Plain text
en: Library nicknames do not have to be related to the library filename or path. The colon character (`:`) cannot be used in library nicknames or footprint names because it is used as a separator between nicknames and footprints.
zh_CN: 库的昵称不一定要与库的文件名或路径有关。冒号字符 （`:`） 不能用于库昵称或封装名称，因为它被用作昵称和封装之间的分隔符。

note: type: Plain text
en: There is an optional description field to add a description of the library entry. The option field is not used at this time so adding options will have no effect when loading libraries.
zh_CN: 有一个可选的描述字段，用于添加库条目的描述。选项字段目前不使用，所以添加选项在加载库时不会有任何影响。

note: type: Title ====
en: Using the GitHub Plugin
zh_CN: 使用 GitHub 插件

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad removed support for the GitHub library plugin in version 6.0.
zh_CN: KiCad 在 6.0 版本中取消了对 GitHub 库插件的支持。

note: type: Title ===
en: Creating and editing footprints
zh_CN: 创建和编辑封装

note: type: Title =====
en: Footprint attributes
zh_CN: 封装属性

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Copper layers** setting controls which copper layers will have a shape associated with the pad.
zh_CN: **铜层** 设置控制哪些铜层将有一个与焊盘相关的形状。

note: type: Plain text
en: The **Technical layers** checkboxes control which technical layers will have an aperture added with the pad's shape.  By default, pads have apertures on the paste and mask layers matching their copper layer.
zh_CN: **技术层** 复选框控制哪些技术层会有一个与焊盘形状相同的孔径。 默认情况下，焊盘在锡膏层和阻焊层上的孔径与铜层相匹配。

note: type: Plain text
en: It is not possible to define a different pad shape or size on different copper layers in the
          current version of KiCad.
zh_CN: 在当前版本的 KiCad 中，不支持在不同的铜层上定义不同的焊盘形状或尺寸。

note: type: Title =====
en: Custom pad shapes
zh_CN: 自定义焊盘形状

note: type: Title ==
en: Generating outputs
zh_CN: 生成输出

note: type: Title ===
en: Fabrication outputs and plotting
zh_CN: 制造输出和绘图

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/plot_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/plot_dialog.png

note: type: Title ====
en: Plotting options
zh_CN: 绘图选项

note: type: Title ====
en: Gerber options
zh_CN: Gerber 选项

note: type: Title ====
en: PostScript options
zh_CN: Postscript 选项

note: type: Title ====
en: SVG options
zh_CN: SVG 选项

note: type: Title ====
en: DXF options
zh_CN: DXF 选项

note: type: Title ====
en: HPGL options
zh_CN: HPGL 选项

note: type: Title ===
en: Drill files
zh_CN: 钻孔文件

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/generate_drill_files_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/generate_drill_files_dialog.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Component placement files
zh_CN: 元件拾放文件

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/generate_placement_files_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/generate_placement_files_dialog.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Additional fabrication outputs
zh_CN: 其它制造输出

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can also generate footprint report files, IPC-D-356 netlist files, and a bill of materials (BOM) from the board design.  These output formats have no configurable options.
zh_CN: KiCad 还可以从电路板设计中生成封装报告文件、IPC-D-356 网表文件和物料清单 (BOM)。  这些输出格式没有可配置的选项。

note: type: Title ===
en: Printing
zh_CN: 打印

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can print the board view to a standard printer using the Print action in the File menu.
zh_CN: KiCad 可以使用文件菜单中的打印操作将电路板视图打印到标准打印机上。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/print_dialog.png
zh_CN: images/zh/print_dialog.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Exporting files
zh_CN: 导出文件

note: type: Plain text
en: The IDF exporter exports an http://www.simplifiedsolutionsinc.com/images/idf_v30_spec.pdf[IDFv3] compliant board (`.emn`) and library (`.emp`) file for communicating mechanical dimensions to a mechanical CAD package. The exporter exports the board outline and cutouts, all pad and mounting through holes including slotted holes, and component outlines; this is the most basic set of mechanical data required for interaction with mechanical designers. All other entities described in the IDFv3 specification are currently not exported.
zh_CN: IDF 导出器导出一个 http://www.simplifiedsolutionsinc.com/images/idf_v30_spec.pdf[IDFv3] 兼容的板（`.emn`）和库（`.emp`）文件，用于向机械 CAD 软件传递机械尺寸。导出器导出板子的边框和切口，所有的焊盘和安装孔，包括开槽孔，以及元件的边框；这是与机械设计师互动所需的最基本的机械数据集。IDFv3 规范中描述的所有其他实体目前都没有导出。

note: type: Plain text
en: Once models have been specified for all desired components, the model of the board can be exported. In the PCB Editor, select **File** -> **Export** -> **IDFv3...**.
zh_CN: 一旦为所有需要的元件指定了模型，就可以导出电路板的模型。在 PCB 编辑器中，选择**文件** -> **导出** -> **IDFv3...**。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: IDF output settings
zh_CN: IDF 输出设置

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/idf_export.png
zh_CN: images/zh/idf_export.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The outputs can be viewed directly in a mechanical CAD application or converted to VRML using the <<idf2vrml,`idf2vrml` tool>>.
zh_CN: 输出结果可以直接在机械 CAD 应用程序中查看，或使用 <<idf2vrml, `idf2vrml` 工具>> 转换为 VRML。

note: type: Title ==
en: Inspecting a board
zh_CN: 检查电路板

note: type: Plain text
en: To use the design rule checker, click the image:images/icons/erc_24.png[] icon in the top toolbar, or select **Design Rules Checker** from the **Inspect** menu.
zh_CN: 要使用设计规则检查器，请点击顶部工具栏的 image:images/icons/erc_24.png[] 图标，或从 **检查** 菜单中选择 **设计规则检查器**。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/drc_control.png
zh_CN: images/zh/drc_control.png

note: type: Plain text
en: The top section of the DRC Control window contains some options that control the design rule checker:
zh_CN: DRC 控制窗口的顶部部分包含一些控制设计规则检查器的选项：

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/drc_violations.png
zh_CN: images/zh/drc_violations.png

note: type: Plain text
en: Each violation involves one or more objects on the PCB.  In the list of violations, the objects involved are listed below the violation.  Clicking on the violation in the list view will move the PCB Editor view so that the affected area is centered.  Clicking on one of the objects involved in a violation will highlight the object.
zh_CN: 每个违规行为都涉及 PCB 上的一个或多个对象。 在违规列表中，涉及的对象列在违规行为下面。 点击列表中的违规行为将移动 “PCB 编辑器” 的视图，使受影响的区域居中。 点击违规所涉及的对象之一将高亮显示该对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: Violations can be right-clicked in the dialog to ignore them or change their severity:
zh_CN: 可以在对话框中右键单击违规行为，以忽略它们或改变其严重程度：

note: type: Title ====
en: Clearance and constraint resolution
zh_CN: 间隙和约束解析

note: type: Plain text
en: The clearance and constraint resolution tools allow you to inspect which clearance and design constraint rules apply to selected items.  These tools can help when designing PCBs with complex design rules where it is not always clear which rules apply to an object.
zh_CN: 间隙和约束解析工具允许你检查哪些间隙和设计约束规则应用于选定的项目。  当设计具有复杂设计规则的 PCB 时，这些工具可以提供帮助，因为在这种情况下并不总是清楚哪些规则适用于哪些对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: To inspect the clearance rules that apply between two objects, select both objects and choose **Clearance Resolution** from the **Inspect** menu.  The Clearance Report dialog will show the clearance required between the objects on each copper layer, as well as the design rules that resulted in that clearance.
zh_CN: 要检查两个对象之间适用的间隙规则，选择这两个对象并从 **检查** 菜单中选择 **间隙解析**。 间隙报告对话框将显示每个铜层上的对象之间所需的间隙，以及产生该间隙的设计规则。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/clearance_resolution.png
zh_CN: images/zh/clearance_resolution.png

note: type: Plain text
en: To inspect the design constraints that apply to an object, select it and choose **Constraints Resolution** from the **Inspect** menu.  The Constraints Report dialog will show any constraints that apply to the object.
zh_CN: 要检查适用于单一对象的设计约束，选择它并从 **检查** 菜单中选择 **约束解析**。 约束报告对话框将显示适用于该对象的所有约束。

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/constraints_resolution.png
zh_CN: images/zh/constraints_resolution.png

note: type: Title ===
en: Measurement tool
zh_CN: 测量工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The measurement tool allows you to make distance and angle measurements between points on the PCB.  To activate the tool, click the image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[] icon in the right toolbar, or use the hotkey kbd:[Ctrl + Shift + M].  Once the tool is active, click once to set the measurement start point, then click again to finish a measurement.
zh_CN: 测量工具允许你在 PCB 上的各点之间进行距离和角度测量。  要激活该工具，请点击右侧工具栏的 image:images/icons/measurement_24.png[] 图标，或使用快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl + Shift + M]。  一旦该工具被激活，点击一次以设置测量起点，然后再点击一次以完成测量。

note: type: Plain text
en: The measurement tool is used for quick measurements that do not need to be displayed
          permanently.  Any measurement you make will only be shown while the tool is active.  To
          create permanent dimensions that will appear in printouts and plots, use the Dimension tools.
zh_CN: 测量工具用于不需要永久显示的快速测量。
          您所做的任何测量都将仅在该工具处于活动状态时显示。
          要创建将显示在打印输出和打印中的永久性尺寸标注，请使用尺寸标注工具。

note: type: Title ===
en: Find tool
zh_CN: 查找工具

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool searches for text in the PCB, including reference designators, footprint fields, and graphic text. When the tool finds a match, the canvas is zoomed and centered on the match and the text is highlighted. Launch the tool using the (image:images/icons/find_24.png[Find icon]) button in the top toolbar.
zh_CN: 查找工具在 PCB 中搜索文本，包括位号、封装字段和图形文本。当该工具找到一个匹配的文本时，画布会被放大，并将其置于匹配文本的中心位置，同时文本被高亮显示。使用顶部工具栏中的（image:images/icons/find_24.png[查找图标]）按钮启动该工具。

note: type: Named 'alt' AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: Find dialog
zh_CN: 查找对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The Find tool has several options:
zh_CN: 查找工具有几个选项：

note: type: Title ===
en: Search panel
zh_CN: 搜索面板

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: 3D viewer
zh_CN: 3D 查看器

note: type: Plain text
en: The 3D model for a component will only appear if the 3D model file exists and has been <<working-with-footprints,assigned to the footprint>>.
zh_CN: 仅当 3D 模型文件存在并且已被 <<working-with-footprints,分配到封装>> 时，元件的 3D 模型才会出现。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many footprints in KiCad's standard library do not yet have model files created for them. However, these footprints may contain a path to a 3D model that does not yet exist, in anticipation of the 3D model being created in the future.
zh_CN: KiCad 标准库中的许多封装还没有为它们创建模型文件。然而，这些封装可能包含一个指向尚不存在的 3D 模型的路径，以期待将来创建 3D 模型。

note: type: Title ====
en: Navigating the 3D view
zh_CN: 浏览 3D 视图

note: type: Plain text
en: Dragging with the left mouse button will orbit the 3D view. By default this is the centroid of the board, but the pivot point can be reset to a new point on the board by moving the cursor over the desired point and pressing kbd:[Space].  Scrolling the mouse wheel will zoom the view in or out.  Scrolling while holding kbd:[Ctrl] pans the view left and right, and scrolling while holding kbd:[Shift] pans up and down. Dragging with the middle mouse button also pans the view.
zh_CN: 用鼠标左键拖动将旋转 3D 视图。 默认情况下，这是电路板的中心，但可以通过将光标移动到所需点上并按 kbd:[Space] 将轴心点重置为电路板上的新点。 滚动鼠标滚轮将放大或缩小视图。 按住 kbd:[Ctrl] 滚动可左右平移视图，按住 kbd:[Shift] 滚动可上下平移视图。 使用鼠标中键拖动也可以平移视图。

note: type: Plain text
en: When the PCB Editor and the 3D Viewer are both open, selecting a footprint in the PCB Editor will also highlight the component in the 3D Viewer. The highlight color is adjustable in **Preferences** -> **Preferences...** -> **3D Viewer** -> **Realtime Renderer** -> **Selection Color**.
zh_CN: 当 PCB 编辑器和 3D 查看器同时打开时，在 PCB 编辑器中选择一个封装也会在 3D 查看器中高亮显示该元件。高亮显示的颜色可以在 **偏好设置** -> **偏好设置...** -> **3D 查看器** -> **实时渲染器** -> **选择颜色** 中调整。

note: type: Title ====
en: Generating images with the 3D Viewer
zh_CN: 用 3D 查看器生成图像

note: type: Plain text
en: The current 3D view can be saved to an image with **File** -> **Export Current View as PNG...** or **Export Current View as JPG...**, depending on the desired image format. The current view can also be copied to the clipboard using the image:images/icons/copy_24.png[copy icon] button, or **Edit** -> **Copy 3D Image**.
zh_CN: 当前的 3D 视图可以用 **文件** -> **将当前视图导出为 PNG...** 或 **将当前视图导出为 JPG...**，根据所需的图像格式，将其保存为一个图像。也可以用 image:images/icons/copy_24.png[复制图标] 按钮，或 **编辑** -> **复制 3D 图像** 将当前视图复制到剪贴板上。

note: type: Plain text
en: The 3D Viewer has a raytracing rendering mode which displays the board using a more physically accurate rendering model than the default rendering mode.  Raytracing is slower than the default rendering mode, but it can be used when the most visually attractive results are desired. Raytracing mode is enabled with the image:images/icons/render_mode_24.png[raytracing icon] button, or with **Preferences** -> **Raytracing**. The 3D grid and selection highlights are not shown in raytracing mode.
zh_CN: 3D 查看器有一个光线跟踪渲染模式，它使用比默认渲染模式更精确的物理渲染模型来显示电路板。 光线追踪比默认渲染模式慢，但当需要最吸引人的视觉效果时，可以使用它。使用 image:images/icons/render_mode_24.png[光线追踪图标] 按钮，或者使用 **偏好设置**->**光线追踪** 来启用光线追踪模式。在光线追踪模式下，3D 网格和选择高亮不会显示。

note: type: Plain text
en: Colors and other rendering options, for both raytraced and non-raytraced modes, can be adjusted in **Preferences** -> **Preferences...** -> **3D Viewer**.
zh_CN: 颜色和其他渲染选项，包括光线跟踪和非光线跟踪模式，都可以在 **偏好设置** -> **偏好设置...** -> **3D查看器** 中调整。

note: type: Title ====
en: 3D viewer controls
zh_CN: 3D 查看器控制

note: type: Plain text
en: Many viewing options are controlled with the top toolbar.
zh_CN: 许多查看选项是通过顶部的工具栏控制的。

note: type: Title ===
en: Net inspector
zh_CN: 网络检查

note: type: Target for macro image
en: images/net_inspector.png
zh_CN: images/zh/net_inspector.png

note: type: Title ==
en: Introduction to the KiCad PCB Editor
zh_CN: KiCad PCB 编辑器简介

note: type: Title ===
en: Initial configuration
zh_CN: 初始配置

note: type: Plain text
en: When the PCB Editor is run for the first time, if the global footprint table file `fp-lib-table` is not found in the KiCad configuration folder then the KiCad will ask how to create this file:
zh_CN: 当 PCB 编辑器第一次运行时，如果在 KiCad 配置文件夹中没有找到全局封装表文件 `fp-lib-table`，那么 KiCad 将询问如何创建这个文件：

note: type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
en: footprint library table initial setup dialog
zh_CN: 封装库表的初始设置对话框

note: type: Plain text
en: The first option is recommended (*Copy default global footprint library table (recommended)*). The default footprint library table includes all of the standard footprint libraries that are installed as part of KiCad.
zh_CN: 第一个选项是推荐的（*复制默认的全局封装库表*）。默认的封装库表包括所有作为 KiCad 的一部分安装的标准封装库。

note: type: Plain text
en: If this option is disabled, KiCad was unable to find the default global footprint library table. This probably means you did not install the standard footprint libraries with KiCad, or they are not installed where KiCad expects to find them. On some systems the KiCad libraries are installed as a separate package.
zh_CN: 如果该选项被禁用，KiCad 无法找到默认的全局封装库表。这可能意味着你没有和 KiCad 一起安装标准封装库，或者它们没有被安装在 KiCad 期望找到的地方。在某些系统中，KiCad 库是作为一个单独的软件包安装的。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you have installed the standard KiCad footprint libraries and want to use them, but the first option is disabled, select the second option and browse to the `fp-lib-table` file in the directory where the KiCad libraries were installed.
zh_CN: 如果你已经安装了标准的 KiCad 封装库并想使用它们，但第一个选项被禁用，选择第二个选项并浏览到安装 KiCad 库的目录中的 `fp-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you already have a custom footprint library table that you would like to use, select the second option and browse to your `fp-lib-table` file.
zh_CN: 如果你已经有了一个你想使用的自定义封装库表，选择第二个选项并浏览到你的 `fp-lib-table` 文件。

note: type: Plain text
en: If you want to construct a new footprint library table from scratch, select the third option.
zh_CN: 如果你想从头开始构建一个新的封装库表，选择第三个选项。

note: type: Title ===
en: The PCB Editor user interface
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器的用户界面

note: type: Plain text
en: The main PCB Editor user interface is shown above, with some key elements indicated:
zh_CN: PCB 编辑器的主要用户界面如上图所示，并标明了一些关键元素：

note: type: Plain text
en: Top toolbars (file management, zoom tools, editing tools)
zh_CN: 顶部工具栏 (文件管理、缩放工具、编辑工具)

note: type: Plain text
en: Left toolbar (display options)
zh_CN: 左侧工具栏 （显示选项）

note: type: Plain text
en: Message panel and status bar
zh_CN: 消息面板和状态栏

note: type: Plain text
en: Right toolbar (drawing and design tools)
zh_CN: 右侧工具栏 (绘图和设计工具)

note: type: Plain text
en: Appearance panel
zh_CN: 外观面板

note: type: Plain text
en: Selection filter panel
zh_CN: 选择过滤器面板

note: type: Title ===
en: Navigating the editing canvas
zh_CN: 浏览编辑画布

note: type: Plain text
en: The editing canvas is a view onto the board being designed.  You can pan and zoom to different areas of the board, and also flip the view to show the board from the bottom.
zh_CN: 编辑画布是正在设计的电路板视图。您可以平移和缩放到电路板的不同区域，也可以翻转视图以从底部显示电路板。

note: type: Plain text
en: By default, dragging with the middle or right mouse button will pan the canvas view and scrolling the mouse wheel will zoom the view in or out.  You can change this behavior in the Mouse and Touchpad section of the preferences (see <<configuration-and-customization,Configuration and Customization>> for details).
zh_CN: 默认情况下，用鼠标中键或右键拖动会平移画布视图，滚动鼠标滚轮会放大或缩小视图。 你可以在偏好设置中的鼠标和触摸板部分改变这一行为（详见 <<configuration-and-customization,配置和定制>>）。

note: type: Plain text
en: Several other zoom tools are available in the top toolbar:
zh_CN: 在顶部的工具栏中，还有其他几个缩放工具可用：

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[Zoom In icon] zooms in on the center of the viewport.
zh_CN: image:images/icons/zoom_in_24.png[放大图标] 放大视口的中心。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[Zoom Out icon] zooms out from the center of the viewport.
zh_CN: image:images/icons/zoom_out_24.png[缩小图标] 从视口中心缩小。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[Zoom to Page icon] zooms to fit the frame around the drawing sheet.
zh_CN: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_in_page_24.png[放大到页面图标]缩放以适应绘图页周围的框架。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[Zoom to Objects icon] zooms to fit the items within the drawing sheet.
zh_CN: image:images/icons/zoom_fit_to_objects_24.png[缩放到对象图标] 缩放以适应绘图页内的对象。

note: type: Plain text
en: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[Zoom to Selection icon] allows you to draw a box to determine the zoomed area.
zh_CN: image:images/icons/zoom_area_24.png[缩放到选择图标]允许你画一个方框来确定缩放的区域。

note: type: Plain text
en: The cursor's current position is displayed at the bottom of the window (X and Y), along with the current zoom factor (Z), the cursor's relative position (dx, dy, and dist), the grid setting, and the display units.
zh_CN: 光标的当前位置显示在窗口的底部（X 和 Y），同时显示的还有当前的缩放系数（Z）、光标的相对位置（dx、dy 和 dist）、网格设置和显示单位。

note: type: Plain text
en: The relative coordinates can be reset to zero by pressing kbd:[Space]. This is useful for measuring distance between two points or aligning objects.
zh_CN: 按 kbd:[Space] 可以将相对坐标重置为零。这对于测量两点之间的距离或对齐对象很有用。

note: type: Title ===
en: Hotkeys
zh_CN: 快捷键

note: type: Plain text
en: The kbd:[Ctrl+F1] shortcut displays the current hotkey list. The default hotkey list is included in the <<pcbnew-actions-reference,Actions Reference>> section of the manual.
zh_CN: 快捷键 kbd:[Ctrl+F1] 显示当前快捷键列表。默认的快捷键列表包含在本手册的 <<pcbnew-actions-reference,Actions Reference>> 部分。

note: type: Plain text
en: The hotkeys described in this manual use the key labels that appear on a standard PC keyboard. On an Apple keyboard layout, use the kbd:[Cmd] key in place of kbd:[Ctrl], and the kbd:[Option] key in place of kbd:[Alt].
zh_CN: 本手册中描述的快捷键使用了标准 PC 键盘上的按键标签。在苹果键盘布局中，使用 kbd:[Cmd] 键来代替 kbd:[Ctrl]，使用 kbd:[Option] 键来代替 kbd:[Alt]。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many actions do not have hotkeys assigned by default, but hotkeys can be assigned or redefined using the hotkey editor (**Preferences** -> **Preferences...** -> **<<preferences-controls,Hotkeys>>**).
zh_CN: 许多操作默认没有分配快捷键，但可以使用快捷键编辑器（**偏好设置** -> **偏好设置...** -> ** <<preferences-controls,快捷键>> **）分配或重新定义快捷键。

note: type: Plain text
en: Many of the actions available through hotkeys are also available in context menus.  To access the context menu, right-click in the editing canvas.  Different actions will be available depending on what is selected or what tool is active.
zh_CN: 通过快捷键可用的许多操作也可在上下文菜单中使用。要访问上下文菜单，请在编辑画布中单击鼠标右键。根据选择的内容或处于活动状态的工具，将提供不同的操作。

note: type: Plain text
en: Hotkeys are stored in the file `user.hotkeys` in KiCad's configuration directory. The location is platform-specific:
zh_CN: 快捷键存储在 KiCad 的配置目录下的 `user.hotkeys` 文件中。这个位置是特定于平台的：

note: type: Plain text
en: KiCad can import hotkey settings from a `user.hotkeys` file using the **Import Hotkeys** button in the hotkey editor.
zh_CN: KiCad 可以使用快捷键编辑器中的 **导入快捷键** 按钮从 `user.hotkeys` 文件中导入快捷键设置。
