wxMaxima-manual - en to zh_CN translation catalogue (68 entries)

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en: ![wxMaxima logo](./wxMaximaLogo.png){ id=img_wxMaximaLogo }
zh_CN: ![wxMaxima 的 logo](./wxMaximaLogo.png){ id=img_wxMaximaLogo }

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en: A computer algebra system (CAS) like _Maxima_ fits into this framework. A CAS can provide the logic behind an arbitrary precision calculator application or it can do automatic transforms of formulas in the background of a bigger system (e.g., [Sage](https://www.sagemath.org/)). Alternatively, it can be used directly as a free-standing system. _Maxima_ can be accessed via a command line. Often, however, an interface like _wxMaxima_ proves a more efficient way to access the software, especially for newcomers.
zh_CN: 一个像 Maxima 这样的计算机代数系统（CAS，computer algebra system）也适合前述框架。Maxima 可以用作任意精度计算器程序的底层软件，也可以在更大计算系统中作为公式转换程序来帮助计算（例如 [Sage](https://www.sagemath.org/)）。Maxima 也可以直接作为独立的计算系统使用，它可以通过命令行来访问。然而，在通常情况下，像 wxMaxima 这样的用户界面是使用 Maxima 的一种更有效的方法，特别是对于新手而言更是如此。

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en: _Maxima_ is a full-featured computer algebra system (CAS). A CAS is a program that can solve mathematical problems by rearranging formulas and finding a formula that solves the problem as opposed to just outputting the numeric value of the result. In other words, _Maxima_ can serve as a calculator that gives numerical representations of variables, and it can also provide analytical solutions. Furthermore, it offers a range of numerical methods of analysis for equations or systems of equations that cannot be solved analytically.
zh_CN: Maxima 是一个功能齐全的计算机代数系统（CAS）。CAS 是一个程序，它可以通过对公式变形并找到问题的解来求解数学问题，而不是仅仅输出结果的数值。换言之，Maxima 可以作为一个计算器，给出变量的数值表示，也可以提供解析解。此外，它还提供了一系列数值分析方法，用于求解没有解析解的方程或方程组。

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en: ![Maxima screenshot, command line](./maxima_screenshot.png){ id=img_maxima_screenshot }
zh_CN: ![Maxima 截图，命令行](./maxima_screenshot.png){ id=img_maxima_screenshot }

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en: ![wxMaxima window](./wxMaximaWindow.png){ id=img_wxMaximaWindow }
zh_CN: ![wxMaxima 界面](./wxMaximaWindow.png){ id=img_wxMaximaWindow }

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en: The calculations that are entered in _wxMaxima_ are performed by the _Maxima_ command-line tool in the background.
zh_CN: 在 wxMaxima 中输入的计算式是由 Maxima 命令行工具在后台执行的。

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en: If text is typed into _wxMaxima_ it automatically creates a new worksheet cell. The type of this cell can be selected in the toolbar. If a code cell is created the cell can be sent to _Maxima_, which causes the result of the calculation to be displayed below the code. A pair of such commands is shown below.
zh_CN: 如果输入文本到 wxMaxima 中，则会自动创建一个新的工作簿单元格。可以在工具栏中选择此单元格的类型。如果创建了一个（数学）代码单元格，则可以将该单元格发送到 Maxima，这将使得计算结果显示在代码下方。下面显示了一对这样的命令：

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en: ![Input/output cell](./InputCell.png){ id=img_InputCell }
zh_CN: ![输入、输出单元格](./InputCell.png){ id=img_InputCell }

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en: Besides the input cells _wxMaxima_ allows for text cells for documentation, image cells, title cells, chapter cells and section cells. Every cell has its own undo buffer so debugging by changing the values of several cells and then gradually reverting the unneeded changes is rather easy. Furthermore the worksheet itself has a global undo buffer that can undo cell edits, adds and deletes.
zh_CN: 除了（数学）输入单元格外，wxMaxima 中还可以使用文本单元格、图片单元格、标题单元格、节单元格和小节单元格等。每个单元格都有独立的撤消缓冲区，因此通过更改多个单元格的内容，然后逐步撤销不需要的更改来进行调试，是非常容易的。此外，工作簿本身有一个全局撤消缓冲区，可以撤消单元格编辑、添加和删除操作。

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en: The figure below shows different cell types (title cells, section cells, subsection cells, text cells, input/output cells and image cells).
zh_CN: 下图显示了不同的单元格类型（标题单元格、节单元格、小节单元格、文本单元格、输入/输出单元格和图片单元格）：

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en: ![Example of different wxMaxima cells](./cell-example.png){ id=img_cell-example }
zh_CN: ![wxMaxima 的不同类型单元格](./cell-example.png){ id=img_cell-example }

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en: The default behavior of _wxMaxima_ when text is entered is to automatically create a math cell. Cells of other types can be created using the Cell menu, using the hot keys shown in the menu or using the drop-down list in the toolbar. Once the non-math cell is created, whatever is typed into the file is interpreted as text.
zh_CN: 当输入文本时，wxMaxima 的默认行为是自动创建一个数学单元格。可以使用“单元格”菜单、菜单中显示的热键或工具栏中的下拉列表创建其他类型的单元格。一旦创建了非数学单元格，输入到文档的任何内容都将被解释为文本。

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en: The cursor is drawn horizontally if it is moved in the space between two cells or by clicking there.
zh_CN: 如果光标在两个单元格之间移动或单击，则会使用水平光标；

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en: Computers traditionally stored characters in 8-bit values. This allows for a maximum of 256 different characters. All letters, numbers, and control symbols (end of transmission, end of string, lines and edges for drawing rectangles for menus _etc_.) of nearly any given language can fit within that limit.
zh_CN: 计算机一般以 8 位值（8-bit）存储字符，所以最多可以储存 256 个不同字符。大部分语言中的所有字母、数字和控制符号（传输结束、字符串结束、为菜单绘制矩形的线条和边缘等）都符合该限制。

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en: The same mechanism also allows to enter some miscellaneous mathematical symbols:
zh_CN: 用同样的方法还可以输入一些其他的数学符号：

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en: ![Example of different side panes](./SidePanes.png){ id=img_SidePanes }
zh_CN: ![各种类型的侧边栏](./SidePanes.png){ id=img_SidePanes }

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en: Most hotkeys can be found in the text of the respective menus. Since they are actually taken from the menu text and thus can be customized by the translations of _wxMaxima_ to match the needs of users of the local keyboard, we do not document them here. A few hotkeys or hotkey aliases, though, are not documented in the menus:
zh_CN: 大多数快捷键可以在相应菜单的文本中找到。由于它们实际上是从菜单文本中获取的，所以可以通过 wxMaxima 的翻译文本进行定制，以满足本地用户的需求，因此我们不在这里记录它们。但是，一些快捷键或其别名并没有记录在菜单中：

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en: <kbd>CTRL</kbd>+<kbd>SHIFT</kbd>+<kbd>DELETE</kbd> deletes a complete cell.
zh_CN: <kbd>CTRL</kbd>+<kbd>SHIFT</kbd>+<kbd>DELETE</kbd> 删除一个单元格。

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en: <kbd>SHIFT</kbd>+<kbd>SPACE</kbd> inserts a non-breaking space.
zh_CN: <kbd>SHIFT</kbd>+<kbd>SPACE</kbd> 插入一个不可断行的空格。

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en: If a text cell begins with `TeX:` the TeX export contains the literal text that follows the `TeX:` marker. Using this feature allows the entry of TeX markup within the _wxMaxima_ workbook.
zh_CN: 如果文本单元格以 `TeX: ` 开头，则导出 TeX 时，文件将包含 `TeX: ` 标记后面的文本。使用此功能可以在 wxMaxima 工作簿中输入 TeX 代码。

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en: The material that is developed in a _wxMaxima_ session can be stored for later use in any of three ways:
zh_CN: 在 wxMaxima 中输入的内容可以存为以下三种文件格式之一，以供以后使用：

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en: This XML-based file format saves the complete worksheet including things like the zoom factor and the watchlist. It is the preferred file format.
zh_CN: 这种基于 XML 的文件格式保存了完整的工作簿内容，包括缩放因子和观察列表等内容。它是首选的文件格式。

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en: For some common configuration variables _wxMaxima_ offers two ways of configuring:
zh_CN: 对于一些常见的可设置变量，wxMaxima提供了两种设置方法：

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en: The configuration dialog box below lets you change their default values for the current and subsequent sessions.
zh_CN: 下面的设置对话框允许用户更改当前和后续会话的默认值。

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en: ![wxMaxima configuration 1](./wxMaxima_configuration_001.png){ id=img_wxMaxima_configuration_001 }
zh_CN: ![wxMaxima 设置对话框](./wxMaxima_configuration_001.png){ id=img_wxMaxima_configuration_001 }

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en: The animation framerate that is used for new animations is kept in the variable `wxanimate_framerate`. The initial value this variable will contain in a new worksheet can be changed using the configuration dialogue.
zh_CN: 用于新生成动图的帧率保存在变量 `wxanimate_framerate` 中，可以使用设置对话框更改此变量在新工作簿中的初始值。

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en: This option enables two things:
zh_CN: 该选项使以下两个功能生效：

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en: If text is selected if any of these keys is pressed the selected text will be put between the matched signs.
zh_CN: 如果在输入前述字符中的任何一个时选择了文本，则所选文本将被放在配对的两个字符之间。

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en: Files are saved automatically on exit
zh_CN: 文件在退出时被自动保存；

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en: If you are using Windows, the configuration will be stored in the registry. You will find the entries for _wxMaxima_ at the following position in the registry: `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\wxMaxima`
zh_CN: 当使用 Windows 系统时，配置信息将存储在注册表中。在注册表中的以下位置可以找到 wxMaxima 的相关条目：`HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\wxMaxima`。

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en: Plotting (having fundamentally to do with graphics) is a place where a graphical user interface will have to provide some extensions to the original program.
zh_CN: 因为绘图功能与图形密切相关，所以图形用户界面理应为原始程序的绘图功能提供一些扩充内容。

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en: If the size of only one plot is to be changed _Maxima_ provides a canonical way to change an attribute only for the current cell. In this usage the specification `wxplot_size = [value1, value2]` is appended to the `wxdraw2d( )` command, and is not part of the `wxdraw2d` command.
zh_CN: 如果只更改一个绘制图片的大小，wxMaxima 提供了一种只为当前单元格更改属性的方法。具体用法为，将 `wxplot_size=[value1,value2]` 附加到 `wxdraw2d()` 命令结尾，而不是作为该命令的一部分：

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en: The first two arguments for `with_slider_draw` are the name of the variable that is stepped between the plots and a list of the values of these variable. The arguments that follow are the ordinary arguments for `wxdraw2d`:
zh_CN: `with_slider_draw` 命令的前两个参数是用于控制绘图的变量名称和变量值的列表，接下来的参数与 `wxdraw2d` 命令的参数相同：

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en: The same functionality for 3D plots is accessible as `with_slider_draw3d`, which allows for rotating 3d plots:
zh_CN: 对三维绘图而言，类似的功能由命令 `with_slider_draw3d` 提供，可用参数来旋转三维图形：

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en: If the general shape of the plot is what matters it might suffice to move the plot just a little bit in order to make its 3D nature available to the intuition:
zh_CN: 如果重要的是图的大致形状，那么只要稍微移动一点，就可以直观地看出它的三维特征：

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en: `wxanimate`.
zh_CN: `wxanimate`。

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en: Appends a standard plot of an expression like `sin(x)`, `x*sin(x)` or `x^2+2*x-4` to the `draw()` command the cursor currently is in. If there is no draw command a 2D scene with the plot is generated. Each scene can be filled with any number of plots.
zh_CN: 在光标当前所在的 `draw()` 命令中添加绘图函数表达式，如 `sin(x)`, `x*sin(x)` 或者 `x^2+2*x-4` 等 。每个图中可以绘制任意数量的图形。如果没有 `draw()` 命令，将调用绘制二维图形的模板。

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en: Tries to find all points an expression like `y=sin(x)`, `y*sin(x)=3` or `x^2+y^2=4` is true at and plots the resulting curve in the `draw()` command the cursor currently is in. If there is no draw command a 2D scene with the plot is generated.
zh_CN: 尝试寻找满足 `y=sin(x)`，`y*sin(x)=3` 或 `x^2+y^2=4` 之类的表达式的所有解，并在光标当前所在的 `draw()` 命令中绘制对应曲线。如果没有 `draw()` 命令，将调用绘制二维图形的模板。

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en: Steps a variable from a lower limit to an upper limit and uses two expressions like `t*sin(t)` and `t*cos(t)` for generating the x, y (and in 3D plots also z) coordinates of a curve that is put into the current draw command.
zh_CN: 将变量（如 t）从下限变化到上限，并在当前绘图命令中使用两个表达式（如 `t*sin(t)` 和 `t*cos(t)`），以生成曲线上点的横、纵坐标 (x,y)（在三维图形中，第三个表达式生成竖坐标 z）。

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en: Draws many points that can optionally be joined. The coordinates of the points are taken from a list of lists, a 2D array or one list or array for each axis.
zh_CN: 绘制多个点，并且可以选择顺次连接它们。点的坐标取自列表的列表、二维数组或为每个轴指定的一个列表或数组。

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en: Draws a title on the upper end of the diagram,
zh_CN: 在图形上方绘制标题。

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en: Sets up the axis.
zh_CN: 设置坐标轴。

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en: Sets the line colour for the following plots the current draw command contains.
zh_CN: 为当前 `draw()` 命令所绘图形设置线条颜色。

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en: Sets the fill colour for the following plots the current draw command contains.
zh_CN: 为当前 `draw()` 命令所绘图形设置填充颜色。

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en: Pops up a wizard that allows to set up grid lines.
zh_CN: 弹出设置网格线的向导。

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en: Allows to select an adequate point in the speed vs. accuracy tradeoff that is part of any plot program.
zh_CN: 允许选择适当数目的点，以兼顾速度与精度（任何绘图程序都会权衡两者）。

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en: The config dialogue of _wxMaxima_ offers to edit two files with commands that are executed on startup:
zh_CN: 在 wxMaxima 的设置对话框中可以编辑两个文件的命令，这些命令在启动时被执行：

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en: A file that contains commands that are executed on starting up _Maxima_: `maxima-init.mac`
zh_CN: 文件 `maxima-init.mac` 中包含每次启动 Maxima 时被执行的命令；

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en: `wxsubscripts` tells _Maxima_ if it should convert variable names that contain an underscore (`R_150` or the like) into subscripted variables. See `wxdeclare_subscript` for details which variable names are automatically converted.
zh_CN: `wxsubscripts` ：告诉 Maxima 是否应将包含下划线的变量名（例如 `R_150`）转换为带下标的变量名。有关自动转换哪些变量名的详细信息，请参见 `wxdeclare_subscript`。

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en: `wxfilename`: This variable contains the name of the file currently opened in _wxMaxima_.
zh_CN: `wxfilename`：此变量包含当前在 wxMaxima 中打开的文件的名称。

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en: `wxplot_size` defines the resolution of embedded plots.
zh_CN: `wxplot_size`：定义嵌入绘图的分辨率。

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en: `wxanimate_framerate`: The number of frames per second the following animations have to be played back with.
zh_CN: `wxanimate_framerate`：下一个动图回放的帧率。

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en: `wxanimate_autoplay`: Automatically play animations by default?
zh_CN: `wxanimate_autoplay`：是否在默认情况下自动播放动图。

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en: As the next example shows, the lists that are assembled by the `table_form` command can be created before the command is executed.
zh_CN: 正如下一个例子所示，可以在执行 `table_form` 命令之前创建需要显示的列表。

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en: ![A third table example](./MatrixTableExample.png){ id=img_MatrixTableExample }
zh_CN: ![一个三行表的例子](./MatrixTableExample.png){ id=img_MatrixTableExample }

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en: Also, because a matrix is a list of lists, matrices can be converted to tables in a similar fashion.
zh_CN: 此外，由于矩阵是含列表的列表，它也可以用类似的方式转换为表格。

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en: ![Another table_form example](./SecondTableExample.png){ id=img_SecondTableExample }
zh_CN: ![另一个 table_form 的例子](./SecondTableExample.png){ id=img_SecondTableExample }

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en: `wxbug_report()` tells how and where to file bugs
zh_CN: `wxbug_report()` 说明如何以及在何处提交错误报告。

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en: Normally _wxMaxima_ waits for the whole 2D formula to be transferred before it begins to typeset. This saves time for making many attempts to typeset a only partially completed equation. There is a `disp` command, though, that will provide debug output immediately and without waiting for the current _Maxima_ command to finish:
zh_CN: 通常 wxMaxima 会等待最后的公式形成后才开始输出，这节省了多次尝试输出部分公式的时间。不过， `disp()` 命令可以立即输出调试信息，而不必等待当前的 Maxima 命令完成：

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en: Possible reasons for this error are:
zh_CN: 这个错误的可能原因如下：

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en: There are separate undo functions for cell operations and for changes inside of cells so chances are low that this ever happens. If it does there are several methods to recover data:
zh_CN: 对单元格的操作和单元格内部的更改均有单独的撤消函数，因此发生这种情况的可能性很低。如果确实是这样，有如下方法可以恢复数据：

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en: If nothing else helps _Maxima_ contains a replay feature:
zh_CN: 如果以上都没有帮助，可以调用 Maxima 的回放功能：

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en: ![sbcl memory](./sbclMemory.png){ id=img_sbclMemory }
zh_CN: ![SBCL 内存](./sbclMemory.png){ id=img_sbclMemory }

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en: Installing the package `ibus-gtk` should resolve this issue. See ([https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wxwidgets3.0/+bug/1421558](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wxwidgets3.0/+bug/1421558)) for details.
zh_CN: 安装软件包 `ibus-gtk` 应该可以解决此问题. 详情见 [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wxwidgets3.0/+bug/1421558](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/wxwidgets3.0/+bug/1421558)。

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en: If your _Maxima_ is based on SBCL the following lines have to be added to your `.sbclrc`:
zh_CN: 如果所使用的 Maxima 基于SBCL，则必须将以下行添加到 `.sbclrc` 文件中：

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en: `-v` or `--version`: Output the version information
zh_CN: `-v` 或 `--version`：输出版本信息。

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en: `-h` or `--help`: Output a short help text
zh_CN: `-h` 或 `--help`: 输出简短的帮助文本。

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en: `-e` or `--eval`: Evaluate the file after opening it.
zh_CN: `-e` 或 `--eval`：打开文件后对公式单元格求值。
